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Fu X, Lv CY, Zhang YY, Ai XZ, Bi HG. Comparative transcriptome analysis of grafting to improve chilling tolerance of cucumber. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1349-1364. [PMID: 36949344 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grafting with pumpkin as rootstock could improve chilling tolerance of cucumber; however, the underlying mechanism of grafting-induced chilling tolerance remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the difference of physiological and transcriptional level between own-rooted (Cs/Cs) and hetero-grafted (Cs/Cm) cucumber seedlings under chilling stress. The results showed that grafting with pumpkin significantly alleviated the chilling injury as evidenced by slightly symptoms, lower contents of electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2-) and higher relative water content in Cs/Cm seedlings compared with Cs/Cs seedlings under chilling stress. RNA-seq data showed that grafting induced more DGEs at 8 °C/5 °C compared with 25 °C/18 °C. In accordance with the increase of the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX), grafting upregulated the expression of the regulated redox-related genes such as GST, SOD, and APX. Moreover, grafting increased the expression of genes participated in central carbon metabolism to promote the conversion and decomposition of sugar, which provided more energy for the growth of Cs/Cm seedlings under chilling stress. In addition, grafting regulated the genes involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathways such as calcium signal (CAML, CML, and CDPK) and inositol phospholipid signal (PLC), as well as changed the gene expression of plant hormone signal transduction pathways (ARF, GAI, ABF, and PYR/PYL). These results provide a physiological and transcriptional basis for the molecular mechanism of grafting-induced chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Xi-Zhen Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huan-Gai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Bakhat HF, Rasul K, Farooq ABU, Zia Z, Fahad S, Abbas S, Shah GM, Rabbani F, Hammad HM. Growth and physiological response of spinach to various lithium concentrations in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39717-39725. [PMID: 31713143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) exploitation for industrial and domestic use is resulting in a buildup of the element in various environmental components that results in potential toxicity to living systems. Therefore, a soil culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentration of Li (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg kg-1 soil) on spinach growth, the effects of Li uptake, and its effects on various physiological attributes of the crop. The results showed that lower levels of Li in soil (20 mg Li kg-1) improve the growth of spinach plants, while a higher concentration of applied Li enhanced the pigment contents. Higher concentrations of Li in soil interfered with potassium and calcium uptake in plants. Moreover, increasing Li concentration resulted in higher activities of antioxidant enzymes activity in spinach shoots. From these results, it is concluded that spinach shoot accumulated higher concentrations of Li without showing any visual toxicity symptoms. Therefore, the study concludes that Li ion was mostly deposited in leaves rather than in roots which may cause potential human health risk on the consumption of Li-contaminated plants. Therefore, the cultivation of leafy vegetables in Li-affected soils should be avoided to reduce the potential human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Kunwar Rasul
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakar Umar Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Zia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Sunaina Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Rabbani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
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Martinez NE, Sharp JL, Johnson TE, Kuhne WW, Stafford CT, Duff MC. Reflectance-Based Vegetation Index Assessment of Four Plant Species Exposed to Lithium Chloride. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092750. [PMID: 30134620 PMCID: PMC6163704 DOI: 10.3390/s18092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study considers whether a relationship exists between response to lithium (Li) exposure and select vegetation indices (VI) determined from reflectance spectra in each of four plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Brassica napus (rape), and Zea mays (corn). Reflectance spectra were collected every week for three weeks using an ASD FieldSpec Pro spectroradiometer with both a contact probe (CP) and a field of view probe (FOV) for plants treated twice weekly in a laboratory setting with 0 mM (control) or 15 mM of lithium chloride (LiCl) solution. Plants were harvested each week after spectra collection for determination of relevant physical endpoints such as relative water content and chlorophyll content. Mixed effects analyses were conducted on selected endpoints and vegetation indices (VI) to determine the significance of the effects of treatment level and length of treatment as well as to determine which VI would be appropriate predictors of treatment-dependent endpoints. Of the species considered, A. thaliana exhibited the most significant effects and corresponding shifts in reflectance spectra. Depending on the species and endpoint, the most relevant VIs in this study were NDVI, PSND, YI, R1676/R1933, R750/R550, and R950/R750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Martinez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-864-656-1984
| | - Julia L. Sharp
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Thomas E. Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Wendy W. Kuhne
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808, USA; (W.W.K.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Clay T. Stafford
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, University of South Carolina Medical School, Columbia, SC 29808, USA;
| | - Martine C. Duff
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808, USA; (W.W.K.); (M.C.D.)
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Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Hassan W, Shah AN, Anjum SA, Cheema SA, Ali I. Lithium toxicity in plants: Reasons, mechanisms and remediation possibilities - A review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 107:104-115. [PMID: 27262404 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is a naturally occurring element; however, it is one of the non-essential metals for life. Lithium is becoming a serious matter of discussion for the people who do research on trace metals and environmental toxicity in plants. Due to limited information available regarding its mobility from soil to plants, the adverse effects of Li toxicity to plants are still unclear. This article briefly discusses issues around Li, its role and its essentiality in plants and research directions that may assist in inter-disciplinary studies to evaluate the importance of Li's toxicity. Further, potential remediation approaches will also be highlighted in this review. Briefly, Li influenced the growth of plants in both stimulation and reduction ways, depending on the concentration of Li in growth medium. On the negative side, Li reduces the plant growth by interrupting numerous physiological processes and altering metabolism in plant. The contamination of soil by Li is becoming a serious problem, which might be a threat for crop production in the near future. Additionally, lack of considerable information about the tolerance mechanisms of plants further intensifies the situation. Therefore, future research should emphasize in finding prominent and approachable solutions to minimize the entry of Li from its sources (especially from Li batteries) into the soil and food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Shahzad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania Hobart, Australia; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China.
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Pokotylo I, Kolesnikov Y, Kravets V, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Plant phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C: variations around a canonical theme. Biochimie 2013; 96:144-57. [PMID: 23856562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) cleaves, in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3). PI-PLCs are multidomain proteins that are structurally related to the PI-PLCζs, the simplest animal PI-PLCs. Like these animal counterparts, they are only composed of EF-hand, X/Y and C2 domains. However, plant PI-PLCs do not have a conventional EF-hand domain since they are often truncated, while some PI-PLCs have no EF-hand domain at all. Despite this simple structure, plant PI-PLCs are involved in many essential plant processes, either associated with development or in response to environmental stresses. The action of PI-PLCs relies on the mediators they produce. In plants, IP3 does not seem to be the sole active soluble molecule. Inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) also transmit signals, thus highlighting the importance of coupling PI-PLC action with inositol-phosphate kinases and phosphatases. PI-PLCs also produce a lipid molecule, but plant PI-PLC pathways show a peculiarity in that the active lipid does not appear to be DAG but its phosphorylated form, phosphatidic acid (PA). Besides, PI-PLCs can also act by altering their substrate levels. Taken together, plant PI-PLCs show functional differences when compared to their animal counterparts. However, they act on similar general signalling pathways including calcium homeostasis and cell phosphoproteome. Several important questions remain unanswered. The cross-talk between the soluble and lipid mediators generated by plant PI-PLCs is not understood and how the coupling between PI-PLCs and inositol-kinases or DAG-kinases is carried out remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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Hawrylak-Nowak B, Kalinowska M, Szymańska M. A study on selected physiological parameters of plants grown under lithium supplementation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 149:425-30. [PMID: 22576984 PMCID: PMC3501157 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of sunflower and maize plants to increasing concentrations of lithium (0-50 mg Li dm(-3)) in a nutrient solution induced changes in biomass, leaf area and photosynthetic pigment accumulation, as well as levels of lipid peroxidation. The highest applied lithium dose (50 mg Li dm(-3)) evoked a significant reduction in the shoot biomass for both examined species, as well as necrotic spots and a reduction of the leaf area in sunflower plants. An enrichment of a nutrient solution with 5-50 mg Li dm(-3) did not significantly affect chlorophylls a and b and the carotenoid content in sunflower plants. However, in maize, a significant decrease in all pigment content under highest used lithium concentration was noted. The levels of lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes in leaves of sunflower plants and the roots of maize increased significantly in the presence of 50 mg Li dm(-3), which suggests disturbances of the membrane integrity and pro-oxidant properties of the excess lithium ions. Nonetheless, in maize, an increase of shoot biomass and leaf area in the presence of 5 mg Li dm(-3) was found. An analysis of the metal content indicated that lithium accumulated significantly in sunflower and maize shoots in a dose-dependent manner, but differences occurred between species. The sunflower plants accumulated considerably greater amounts of this metal than maize. The potassium content in shoots remained unchanged under lithium treatments, except for a significant increase in the potassium levels for sunflower plants grown in the presence of 50 mg Li dm(-3). These results suggest that lithium at 50 mg Li dm(-3) is toxic to both plant species, but the symptoms of toxicity are species-specific. Moreover, the lithium influence on plants is dose-dependent and its ions can exert toxicity at high concentrations (50 mg Li dm(-3)) or stimulate growth at low concentrations (5 mg Li dm(-3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Lublin University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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Ahad A, Wolf J, Nick P. Activation-tagged tobacco mutants that are tolerant to antimicrotubular herbicides are cross-resistant to chilling stress. Transgenic Res 2003; 12:615-29. [PMID: 14601660 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025814814823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
T-DNA activation tagging was used to generate tobacco mutants with increased tolerance to antimicrotubular herbicides and chilling stress. After transformation, protoplast-derived calli were screened for tolerance to treatments that affect microtubule assembly. In one screen mutants with tolerance to aryl carbamates (a blocker of microtubule assembly) were selected, the second screen was targeted to chilling-tolerant mutants that could survive for several months at 3 degrees C, a third screen combined both factors. The resistance of these mutants to aryl carbamates or chilling was accompanied by resistance of microtubules to these factors. The carbamate tolerant mutants were cross-resistant to chilling stress. This was mirrored by an adaptive reorganization of microtubules and a reduction of microtubule dynamics in response to chilling. The analysis of these mutants suggests (1) that microtubule dynamics limit the tolerance to chilling and EPC, and (2) that the cold sensitivity of microtubules limits chilling tolerance in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Institut für Biologie II, Schänzlestr 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Munnik T, Irvine RF, Musgrave A. Phospholipid signalling in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1389:222-72. [PMID: 9512651 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(97)00158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Munnik
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nick P. Signaling to The Microtubular Cytoskeleton in Plants. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Knight H, Trewavas AJ, Knight MR. Cold calcium signaling in Arabidopsis involves two cellular pools and a change in calcium signature after acclimation. THE PLANT CELL 1996; 8:489-503. [PMID: 8721751 PMCID: PMC161115 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.8.3.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cold shock elicits an immediate rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in both chilling-resistant Arabidopsis and chilling-sensitive tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia). In Arabidopsis, lanthanum or EGTA caused a partial inhibition of both cold shock [Ca2+]cyt elevation and cold-dependent kin1 gene expression. This suggested that calcium influx plays a major role in the cold shock [Ca2+]cyt response and that an intracellular calcium source also might be involved. To investigate whether the vacuole (the major intracellular calcium store in plants) is involved, we targeted the calcium-dependent photoprotein aequorin to the cytosolic face of the vacuolar membrane. Cold shock calcium kinetics in this microdomain were consistent with a cold-induced vacuolar release of calcium. Treatment with neomycin or lithium, which interferes with phosphoinositide cycling, resulted in cold shock [Ca2+]cyt kinetics consistent with the involvement of inositol trisphosphate and inositide phosphate signaling in this response. We also investigated the effects of repeated and prolonged low temperature on cold shock [Ca2+]cyt. Differences were observed between the responses of Arabidopsis and N. plum-baginifolia to repeated cold stimulation. Acclimation of Arabidopsis by pretreatment with cold or hydrogen peroxide caused a modified calcium signature to subsequent cold shock. This suggests that acclimation involves modification of plant calcium signaling to provide a "cold memory."
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Affiliation(s)
- H Knight
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Particles that can nucleate microtubules in vitro have been isolated from higher plant cells. Observations of living cells injected with fluorescent probes have improved our understanding of plant cytoskeleton dynamics. Despite growing recognition of the need for biochemical studies on cytoskeleton-associated proteins, little progress has been made in this field in the past year, although plant lamins have been isolated and partially characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shibaoka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka University, Japan
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