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Mizuta Y, Sakakibara D, Nagahara S, Kaneshiro I, Nagae TT, Kurihara D, Higashiyama T. Deep imaging reveals dynamics and signaling in one-to-one pollen tube guidance. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2529-2549. [PMID: 38773320 PMCID: PMC11169409 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pistil of flowering plants, each ovule usually associates with a single pollen tube for fertilization. This one-to-one pollen tube guidance, which contributes to polyspermy blocking and efficient seed production, is largely different from animal chemotaxis of many sperms to one egg. However, the functional mechanisms underlying the directional cues and polytubey blocks in the depths of the pistil remain unknown. Here, we develop a two-photon live imaging method to directly observe pollen tube guidance in the pistil of Arabidopsis thaliana, clarifying signaling and cellular behaviors in the one-to-one guidance. Ovules are suggested to emit multiple signals for pollen tubes, including an integument-dependent directional signal that reaches the inner surface of the septum and adhesion signals for emerged pollen tubes on the septum. Not only FERONIA in the septum but ovular gametophytic FERONIA and LORELEI, as well as FERONIA- and LORELEI-independent repulsion signal, are involved in polytubey blocks on the ovular funiculus. However, these funicular blocks are not strictly maintained in the first 45 min, explaining previous reports of polyspermy in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mizuta
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Daigo Sakakibara
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shiori Nagahara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kaneshiro
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya T Nagae
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Adhikari PB, Liu X, Huang C, Mitsuda N, Notaguchi M, Kasahara RD. Transcription Factors behind MYB98 Regulation: What Does the Discovery of SaeM Suggest? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1007. [PMID: 38611536 PMCID: PMC11013860 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
MYB98 is master regulator of the molecular network involved in pollen tube attraction. Until recently, it was unclear how this gene exhibits exclusively synergid cell-specific expression in ovule. Our recent study has established that a 16-bp-long SaeM element is crucial for its synergid cell-specific expression in ovule, and an 84-bp-long fragment harboring SaeM is sufficient to drive the process. In this study, we have developed a workflow to predict functional roles of potential transcription factors (TFs) putatively binding to the promoter region, taking MYB98 promoter as a test subject. After sequential assessment of co-expression pattern, network analysis, and potential master regulator identification, we have proposed a multi-TF model for MYB98 regulation. Our study suggests that ANL2, GT-1, and their respective homologs could be direct regulators of MYB98 and indicates that TCP15, TCP16, FRS9, and HB34 are likely master regulators of the majority of the TFs involved in its regulation. Comprehensive studies in the future are expected to offer more insights into such propositions. Developed workflow can be used while designing similar regulome-related studies for any other species and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B. Adhikari
- Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Chen Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan;
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Ryushiro Dora Kasahara
- Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
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Ogawa ST, Kessler SA. Update on signaling pathways regulating polarized intercellular communication in Arabidopsis reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1732-1744. [PMID: 37453128 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sienna T Ogawa
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
| | - Sharon A Kessler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
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Liu L, Trendel J, Jiang G, Liu Y, Bruckmann A, Küster B, Sprunck S, Dresselhaus T, Bleckmann A. RBPome identification in egg-cell like callus of Arabidopsis. Biol Chem 2023; 404:1137-1149. [PMID: 37768858 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have multiple and essential roles in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in all living organisms. Their biochemical identification in the proteome of a given cell or tissue requires significant protein amounts, which limits studies in rare and highly specialized cells. As a consequence, we know almost nothing about the role(s) of RBPs in reproductive processes such as egg cell development, fertilization and early embryogenesis in flowering plants. To systematically identify the RBPome of egg cells in the model plant Arabidopsis, we performed RNA interactome capture (RIC) experiments using the egg cell-like RKD2-callus and were able to identify 728 proteins associated with poly(A+)-RNA. Transcripts for 97 % of identified proteins could be verified in the egg cell transcriptome. 46 % of identified proteins can be associated with the RNA life cycle. Proteins involved in mRNA binding, RNA processing and metabolism are highly enriched. Compared with the few available RBPome datasets of vegetative plant tissues, we identified 475 egg cell-enriched RBPs, which will now serve as a resource to study RBP function(s) during egg cell development, fertilization and early embryogenesis. First candidates were already identified showing an egg cell-specific expression pattern in ovules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Trendel
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Guojing Jiang
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yanhui Liu
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Biochemistry I, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Küster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sprunck
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bleckmann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Yu X, Tang L, Tang X, Mao Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors in Pyropia yezoensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3613. [PMID: 37896076 PMCID: PMC10609806 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors are one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, and they regulate numerous biological processes. Red algae are an important taxonomic group and have important roles in economics and research. However, no comprehensive analysis of the MYB gene family in any red algae, including Pyropia yezoensis, has been conducted. To identify the MYB gene members of Py. yezoensis, and to investigate their family structural features and expression profile characteristics, a study was conducted. In this study, 3 R2R3-MYBs and 13 MYB-related members were identified in Py. yezoensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most red algae MYB genes could be clustered with green plants or Glaucophyta MYB genes, inferring their ancient origins. Synteny analysis indicated that 13 and 5 PyMYB genes were orthologous to Pyropia haitanensis and Porphyra umbilicalis, respectively. Most Bangiaceae MYB genes contain several Gly-rich motifs, which may be the result of an adaptation to carbon limitations and maintenance of important regulatory functions. An expression profile analysis showed that PyMYB genes exhibited diverse expression profiles. However, the expression patterns of different members appeared to be diverse, and PyMYB5 was upregulated in response to dehydration, low temperature, and Pythium porphyrae infection. This is the first comprehensive study of the MYB gene family in Py. Yezoensis and it provides vital insights into the functional divergence of MYB genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xianghai Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunxiang Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Tropical Marine Bioresource & Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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7
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Chettoor AM, Yang B, Evans MMS. Control of cellularization, nuclear localization, and antipodal cell cluster development in maize embryo sacs. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad101. [PMID: 37232380 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The maize female gametophyte contains four cell types: two synergids, an egg cell, a central cell, and a variable number of antipodal cells. In maize, these cells are produced after three rounds of free-nuclear divisions followed by cellularization, differentiation, and proliferation of the antipodal cells. Cellularization of the eight-nucleate syncytium produces seven cells with two polar nuclei in the central cell. Nuclear localization is tightly controlled in the embryo sac. This leads to precise allocation of the nuclei into the cells upon cellularization. Nuclear positioning within the syncytium is highly correlated with their identity after cellularization. Two mutants are described with extra polar nuclei, abnormal antipodal cell morphology, and reduced antipodal cell number, as well as frequent loss of antipodal cell marker expression. Mutations in one of these genes, indeterminate gametophyte2 encoding a MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN65-3 homolog, shows a requirement for MAP65-3 in cellularization of the syncytial embryo sac as well as for normal seed development. The timing of the effects of ig2 suggests that the identity of the nuclei in the syncytial female gametophyte can be changed very late before cellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony M Chettoor
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Matthew M S Evans
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Zhai X, Bai J, Xu W, Yang X, Jia Z, Xia W, Wu X, Liang Q, Li B, Jia N. The molecular chaperone mtHSC70-1 interacts with DjA30 to regulate female gametophyte development and fertility in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1677-1698. [PMID: 37294615 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis mitochondria-targeted heat shock protein 70 (mtHSC70-1) plays important roles in the establishment of cytochrome c oxidase-dependent respiration and redox homeostasis during the vegetative growth of plants. Here, we report that knocking out the mtHSC70-1 gene led to a decrease in plant fertility; the fertility defect of the mutant was completely rescued by introducing the mtHSC70-1 gene. mtHSC70-1 mutants also showed defects in female gametophyte (FG) development, including delayed mitosis, abnormal nuclear position, and ectopic gene expression in the embryo sacs. In addition, we found that an Arabidopsis mitochondrial J-protein gene (DjA30) mutant, j30+/- , had defects in FG development and fertility similar to those of mtHSC70-1 mutant. mtHSC70-1 and DjA30 had similar expression patterns in FGs and interacted in vivo, suggesting that these two proteins might cooperate during female gametogenesis. Further, respiratory chain complex IV activity in mtHSC70-1 and DjA30 mutant embryo sacs was markedly downregulated; this led to the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Scavenging excess ROS by introducing Mn-superoxide dismutase 1 or catalase 1 gene into the mtHSC70-1 mutant rescued FG development and fertility. Altogether, our results suggest that mtHSC70-1 and DjA30 are essential for the maintenance of ROS homeostasis in the embryo sacs and provide direct evidence for the roles of ROS homeostasis in embryo sac maturation and nuclear patterning, which might determine the fate of gametic and accessory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Jiaoteng Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zichao Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wenxuan Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Bing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Ning Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Cui Y, Hisanaga T, Kajiwara T, Yamaoka S, Kohchi T, Goh T, Nakajima K. Three-Dimensional Morphological Analysis Revealed the Cell Patterning Bases for the Sexual Dimorphism Development in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:866-879. [PMID: 37225421 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In land plants, sexual dimorphism can develop in both diploid sporophytes and haploid gametophytes. While developmental processes of sexual dimorphism have been extensively studied in the sporophytic reproductive organs of model flowering plants such as stamens and carpels of Arabidopsis thaliana, those occurring in gametophyte generation are less well characterized due to the lack of amenable model systems. In this study, we performed three-dimensional morphological analyses of gametophytic sexual branch differentiation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, using high-depth confocal imaging and a computational cell segmentation technique. Our analysis revealed that the specification of germline precursors initiates in a very early stage of sexual branch development, where incipient branch primordia are barely recognizable in the apical notch region. Moreover, spatial distribution patterns of germline precursors differ between males and females from the initial stage of primordium development in a manner dependent on the master sexual differentiation regulator MpFGMYB. At later stages, distribution patterns of germline precursors predict the sex-specific gametangia arrangement and receptacle morphologies seen in mature sexual branches. Taken together, our data suggest a tightly coupled progression of germline segregation and sexual dimorphism development in M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Cui
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hisanaga
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomoaki Kajiwara
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
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10
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Meng JG, Xu YJ, Wang WQ, Yang F, Chen SY, Jia PF, Yang WC, Li HJ. Central-cell-produced attractants control fertilization recovery. Cell 2023; 186:3593-3605.e12. [PMID: 37516107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Animal fertilization relies on hundreds of sperm racing toward the egg, whereas, in angiosperms, only two sperm cells are delivered by a pollen tube to the female gametes (egg cell and central cell) for double fertilization. However, unsuccessful fertilization under this one-pollen-tube design can be detrimental to seed production and plant survival. To mitigate this risk, unfertilized-gamete-controlled extra pollen tube entry has been evolved to bring more sperm cells and salvage fertilization. Despite its importance, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we report that, in Arabidopsis, the central cell secretes peptides SALVAGER1 and SALVAGER2 in a directional manner to attract pollen tubes when the synergid-dependent attraction fails or is terminated by pollen tubes carrying infertile sperm cells. Moreover, loss of SALs impairs the fertilization recovery capacity of the ovules. Therefore, this research uncovers a female gamete-attraction system that salvages seed production for reproductive assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin-Jiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Adhikari PB, Zhu S, Liu X, Huang C, Xie L, Wu X, He J, Mitsuda N, Peters B, Brownfield L, Nagawa S, Kasahara RD. Discovery of a cis-regulatory element SaeM involved in dynamic regulation of synergid-specific MYB98. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1177058. [PMID: 37223808 PMCID: PMC10200956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1177058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
MYB98 is a key regulator of the genetic network behind pollen tube attraction toward the female gametophyte. MYB98 is specifically expressed in the synergid cells (SCs), a female gametophyte component cells specialized for pollen tube attraction. However, it had not been clear how exactly MYB98 achieves this specific expression pattern. In the current study, we have determined that a normal SC-specific expression of MYB98 is dependent on a 16-bp-long cis-regulatory element, CATTTACACATTAAAA, freshly named as the "S ynergid-specific A ctivation E lement of M YB98" (SaeM). An 84 bp fragment harboring SaeM in the middle was sufficient to drive exclusively SC-specific expression. The element was present in a significantly large proportion of SC-specific gene promoters and in the promoter of MYB98 homologous genes in the Brassicaceae (pMYB98s). Significance of such family-wide SaeM-like element conservation in exclusive SC-specific expression was confirmed by the Arabidopsis-like activation feature of Brassica oleracea-derived pMYB98 and absence of such feature of pMYB98 derived from a non-Brassicaceae member Prunus persica. Additionally, the yeast-one-hybrid assay showed that the SaeM can be recognized by ANTHOCYANINLESS2 (ANL2) and DAP-seq data further suggested for additional three ANL2 homologs targeting the similar cis-element. Overall, our study has concluded that SaeM plays a crucial role in driving exclusively SC-specific expression of MYB98 and strongly suggests for the involvement of ANL2 and its homologs in its dynamic regulation in planta. Future study on the transcription factors is expected to shed more light on the mechanism behind the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Babu Adhikari
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liyang Xie
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiale He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Benjamin Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lynette Brownfield
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shingo Nagawa
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ryushiro Dora Kasahara
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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12
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Zhang YS, Xu Y, Xing WT, Wu B, Huang DM, Ma FN, Zhan RL, Sun PG, Xu YY, Song S. Identification of the passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis Sims) MYB family in fruit development and abiotic stress, and functional analysis of PeMYB87 in abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124351. [PMID: 37215287 PMCID: PMC10196401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses are ubiquitous in agricultural cultivation, and they affect the healthy growth and development of edible tissues in passion fruit. The study of resistance mechanisms is important in understanding the adaptation and resistance of plants to environmental stresses. In this work, two differently resistant passion fruit varieties were selected, using the expression characteristics of the transcription factor MYB, to explore the resistance mechanism of the MYB gene under various environmental stresses. A total of 174 MYB family members were identified using high-quality passion fruit genomes: 98 2R-MYB, 5 3R-MYB, and 71 1R-MYB (MYB-relate). Their family information was systematically analyzed, including subcellular localization, physicochemical properties, phylogeny at the genomic level, promoter function, encoded proteins, and reciprocal regulation. In this study, bioinformatics and transcriptome sequencing were used to identify members of the PeMYB genes in passion fruit whole-genome data, and biological techniques, such as qPCR, gene clone, and transient transformation of yeast, were used to determine the function of the passion fruit MYB genes in abiotic stress tolerance. Transcriptomic data were obtained for differential expression characteristics of two resistant and susceptible varieties, three expression patterns during pulp development, and four induced expression patterns under abiotic stress conditions. We further focused on the resistance mechanism of PeMYB87 in environmental stress, and we selected 10 representative PeMYB genes for quantitative expression verification. Most of the genes were differentially induced by four abiotic stresses, among which PeMYB87 responded significantly to high-temperature-induced expression and overexpression of the PeMYB87 gene in the yeast system. The transgenic PeMYB87 in yeast showed different degrees of stress resistance under exposure to cold, high temperatures, drought, and salt stresses. These findings lay the foundation for further analysis of the biological functions of PeMYBs involved in stress resistance in passion fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-shu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Wen-ting Xing
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Dong-mei Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Fu-ning Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Ru-lin Zhan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Pei-guang Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yong-yan Xu
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shun Song
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou Experimental Station, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS/ Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
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13
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Wang X, Liu X, Yi X, Wang M, Shi W, Li R, Tang W, Zhang L, Sun M, Peng X. The female germ unit is essential for pollen tube funicular guidance in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:155-168. [PMID: 36527238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperm, two immotile sperm cells are delivered to the female gametes for fertilization by a pollen tube, which perceives guidance cues from ovules at least at two critical sites, micropyle for short-distance guidance and funiculus for comparably longer distance guidance. Compared with the great progress in understanding pollen tube micropylar guidance, little is known about the signaling for funicular guidance. Here, we show that funiculus plays an important role in pollen tube guidance and report that female gametophyte (FG) plays a critical role in funicular guidance by analysis of a 3-dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS) mutant. Loss function of DHQS in FG interrupts pollen tube funicular guidance, suggesting that the guiding signal is generated from FG. We show the evidence that the capacity of funicular guidance is established during FG functional specification after the establishment of cell identity. Specific expression of DHQS in the synergid cells, central cells, or egg cells can rescue funicular guidance defect in dhqs/+, indicating all the female germ unit cells are involved in the funicular guidance. The finding reveals that the attracting signal of pollen tube funicular guidance was generated at a site and stage manner and provides novel clue to locate and search for the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinlei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ruiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenyue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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14
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Susaki D, Izumi R, Oi T, Takeuchi H, Shin JM, Sugi N, Kinoshita T, Higashiyama T, Kawashima T, Maruyama D. F-actin regulates the polarized secretion of pollen tube attractants in Arabidopsis synergid cells. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1222-1240. [PMID: 36562145 PMCID: PMC10052382 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube attraction is a key event of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. In the ovule, two synergid cells neighboring the egg cell control pollen tube arrival via the active secretion of attractant peptides such as AtLURE1 and XIUQIU from the filiform apparatus (FA) facing toward the micropyle. Distinctive cell polarity together with longitudinal F-actin and microtubules are hallmarks of the synergid cell in various species, though the functions of these cellular structures are unclear. In this study, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to indicate the roles of cytoskeletal components in FA formation and pollen tube guidance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic inhibition of microtubule formation reduced invaginations of the plasma membrane but did not abolish micropylar AtLURE1.2 accumulation. By contrast, the expression of a dominant-negative form of ACTIN8 induced disorganization of the FA and loss of polar AtLURE1.2 distribution toward the FA. Interestingly, after pollen tube reception, F-actin became unclear for a few hours in the persistent synergid cell, which may be involved in pausing and resuming pollen tube attraction during early polytubey block. Our data suggest that F-actin plays a central role in maintaining cell polarity and in mediating male-female communication in the synergid cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Susaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Rie Izumi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Takao Oi
- Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takeuchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ji Min Shin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 321 Plant Science Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Naoya Sugi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kinoshita
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 321 Plant Science Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
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15
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Ishii H, Ishikawa A, Yumoto E, Kurokura T, Asahina M, Shimada Y, Nakamura A. Propiconazole-induced brassinosteroid deficiency reduces female fertility by inhibiting female gametophyte development in woodland strawberry. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:587-598. [PMID: 36629883 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In woodland strawberry, a brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor propiconazole induced typical brassinosteroid-deficient phenotypes and decreased female fertility due to attenuated female gametophyte development. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play roles in various aspects of plant development. We investigated the physiological roles of BRs in the woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca. BR-level-dependent phenotypes were observed using a BR biosynthetic inhibitor, propiconazole (PCZ), and the most active natural BR, brassinolide (BL). Endogenous BL and castasterone, the active BRs, were below detectable levels in PCZ-treated woodland strawberry. The plants were typical BR-deficient phenotypes, and all phenotypes were restored by treatment with BL. These observations indicate that PCZ is an effective inhibitor of BR in woodland strawberry. Only one gene for each major step of BR biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is encoded in the woodland strawberry genome. BR biosynthetic genes are highly expressed during the early stage of fruit development. Emasculated flowers treated with BL failed to develop fruit, implying that BR is not involved in parthenocarpic fruit development. Similar to BR-deficient and BR-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants, female fertility was lower in PCZ-treated plants than in mock-treated plants due to failed attraction of the pollen tube to the ovule. In PCZ-treated plants, expression of FveMYB98, the homologous gene for Arabidopsis MYB98 (a marker for synergid cells), was downregulated. Ovules were smaller in PCZ-treated plants than in mock-treated plants, and histological analysis implied that the development of more than half of female gametophytes was arrested at the early stage in PCZ-treated plants. Our findings explain how BRs function during female gametophyte development in woodland strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Ishii
- Yokohama City University, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Ami Ishikawa
- Yokohama City University, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Emi Yumoto
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurokura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masashi Asahina
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Shimada
- Yokohama City University, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamura
- Yokohama City University, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan.
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16
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Incompatible pollen abortion and late-acting self-incompatibility in Schima superba. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15598. [PMID: 36114363 PMCID: PMC9481619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, self-incompatibility (SI) is a common and widespread mechanism for plant prevention of inbreeding, and late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) may be ancestral in the group. In this work, we studied Schima superba, a species in Theaceae that is a commercially important timer and fire-resistant tree, and revealed its LSI mechanism. Hormones, enzymes, transcriptomes, and proteins were compared between self-pollination (SP) and outcross pollination (OP) in the styles and ovaries from 0 to 120 h after pollination. The self-pollen tubes grew to the bottom of the style and entered the ovary within 48 h but failed to penetrate the ovule. Meanwhile, the hormone and peroxidase levels dramatically changed. Transcriptome and proteome analyses explored the molecular mechanisms of LSI and candidate genes related to LSI in S. superba. Overall, 586.71 million reads were obtained, and 79,642 (39.08%) unigenes were annotated. KEGG and GO analysis showed that there were 4531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 82 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 48 h in self- (SP) versus outcross pollination (OP). Among these, 160 DEGs and 33 DEPs were involved in pollen–pistil interactions. “Pollen–pistil interaction,” “signal recognition,” and “component of membrane” were downregulated in SP, whereas “cell wall and membrane biosynthetic process,” and “oxidoreductase activity” were upregulated. The DEGs involved with S-RNases and SCF during SP suggested that the LSI occurred at 48 h in the ovary and that the LSI in S. superba was under gametophyte control. Calcium ion increase and release, mitochondrial function loss, and ROS disruption further aggravated PCD progress and cell death. The LSI of S. superba, which happened 48 h after pollination, was a key time point. The incompatibility PT ceased growth in the ovary because of S-RNase recognition and PCD in this organ. This study highlights the LSI molecular mechanism in S. superba and provides a reference to other species in Theaceae.
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17
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Li Y, Li Y, Su Q, Wu Y, Zhang R, Li Y, Ma Y, Ma H, Guo X, Zhu L, Min L, Zhang X. High temperature induces male sterility via MYB66-MYB4-Casein kinase I signaling in cotton. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2091-2109. [PMID: 35522025 PMCID: PMC9342968 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) causes male sterility and decreases crop yields. Our previous works have demonstrated that sugar and auxin signaling pathways, Gossypium hirsutum Casein kinase I (GhCKI), and DNA methylation are all involved in HT-induced male sterility in cotton. However, the signaling mechanisms leading to distinct GhCKI expression patterns induced by HT between HT-tolerant and HT-sensitive cotton anthers remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a GhCKI promoter (ProGhCKI) region that functions in response to HT in anthers and found the transcription factor GhMYB4 binds to this region to act as an upstream positive regulator of GhCKI. In the tapetum of early-stage cotton anthers, upregulated expression of GhMYB4 under HT and overexpressed GhMYB4 under normal temperature both led to severe male sterility phenotypes, coupled with enhanced expression of GhCKI. We also found that GhMYB4 interacts with GhMYB66 to form a heterodimer to enhance its binding to ProGhCKI. However, GhMYB66 showed an expression pattern similar to GhMYB4 under HT but did not directly bind to ProGhCKI. Furthermore, HT reduced siRNA-mediated CHH DNA methylations in the GhMYB4 promoter, which enhanced the expression of GhMYB4 in tetrad stage anthers and promoted the formation of the GhMYB4/GhMYB66 heterodimer, which in turn elevated the transcription of GhCKI in the tapetum, leading to male sterility. Overall, we shed light on the GhMYB66-GhMYB4-GhCKI regulatory pathway in response to HT in cotton anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Su
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanlong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yawei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | | | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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18
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Sezen UU, Worthy SJ, Umaña MN, Davies SJ, McMahon SM, Swenson NG. Comparative transcriptomics of tropical woody plants supports fast and furious strategy along the leaf economics spectrum in lianas. Biol Open 2022; 11:276072. [PMID: 35876379 PMCID: PMC9346291 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lianas, climbing woody plants, influence the structure and function of tropical forests. Climbing traits have evolved multiple times, including ancestral groups such as gymnosperms and pteridophytes, but the genetic basis of the liana strategy is largely unknown. Here, we use a comparative transcriptomic approach for 47 tropical plant species, including ten lianas of diverse taxonomic origins, to identify genes that are consistently expressed or downregulated only in lianas. Our comparative analysis of full-length transcripts enabled the identification of a core interactomic network common to lianas. Sets of transcripts identified from our analysis reveal features related to functional traits pertinent to leaf economics spectrum in lianas, include upregulation of genes controlling epidermal cuticular properties, cell wall remodeling, carbon concentrating mechanism, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and a large suit of downregulated transcription factors and enzymes involved in ABA-mediated stress response as well as lignin and suberin synthesis. All together, these genes are known to be significant in shaping plant morphologies through responses such as gravitropism, phyllotaxy and shade avoidance. Summary: The full-length fraction of liana transcriptomes mapped on a protein–protein interactome revealed the nature of their convergence through distinct sets of expressed and downregulated genes not observed in free-standing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Uzay Sezen
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Samantha J Worthy
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616USA
| | - Maria N Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama.,Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20560, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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19
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A receptor-channel trio conducts Ca 2+ signalling for pollen tube reception. Nature 2022; 607:534-539. [PMID: 35794475 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Precise signalling between pollen tubes and synergid cells in the ovule initiates fertilization in flowering plants1. Contact of the pollen tube with the ovule triggers calcium spiking in the synergids2,3 that induces pollen tube rupture and sperm release. This process, termed pollen tube reception, entails the action of three synergid-expressed proteins in Arabidopsis: FERONIA (FER), a receptor-like kinase; LORELEI (LRE), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein; and NORTIA (NTA), a transmembrane protein of unknown function4-6. Genetic analyses have placed these three proteins in the same pathway; however, it remains unknown how they work together to enable synergid-pollen tube communication. Here we identify two pollen-tube-derived small peptides7 that belong to the rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) family8 as ligands for the FER-LRE co-receptor, which in turn recruits NTA to the plasma membrane. NTA functions as a calmodulin-gated calcium channel required for calcium spiking in the synergid. We also reconstitute the biochemical pathway in which FER-LRE perceives pollen-tube-derived peptides to activate the NTA calcium channel and initiate calcium spiking, a second messenger for pollen tube reception. The FER-LRE-NTA trio therefore forms a previously unanticipated receptor-channel complex in the female cell to recognize male signals and trigger the fertilization process.
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20
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Noble JA, Seddon A, Uygun S, Bright A, Smith SE, Shiu SH, Palanivelu R. The SEEL motif and members of the MYB-related REVEILLE transcription factor family are important for the expression of LORELEI in the synergid cells of the Arabidopsis female gametophyte. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:61-76. [PMID: 34716496 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synergid cells in the micropylar end of the female gametophyte are required for critical cell-cell signaling interactions between the pollen tube and the ovule that precede double fertilization and seed formation in flowering plants. LORELEI (LRE) encodes a putative GPI-anchored protein that is expressed primarily in the synergid cells, and together with FERONIA, a receptor-like kinase, it controls pollen tube reception by the receptive synergid cell. Still, how LRE expression is controlled in synergid cells remains poorly characterized. We identified candidate cis-regulatory elements enriched in LRE and other synergid cell-expressed genes. One of the candidate motifs ('TAATATCT') in the LRE promoter was an uncharacterized variant of the Evening Element motif that we named as the Short Evening Element-like (SEEL) motif. Deletion or point mutations in the SEEL motif of the LRE promoter resulted in decreased reporter expression in synergid cells, demonstrating that the SEEL motif is important for expression of LRE in synergid cells. Additionally, we found that LRE expression is decreased in the loss of function mutants of REVEILLE (RVE) transcription factors, which are clock genes known to bind the SEEL and other closely related motifs. We propose that RVE transcription factors regulate LRE expression in synergid cells by binding to the SEEL motif in the LRE promoter. Identification of cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors involved in the expression of LRE will serve as a foundation to characterize the gene regulatory networks in synergid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Noble
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alex Seddon
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Ashley Bright
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Steven E Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shin-Han Shiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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21
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Nagae TT, Takeuchi H, Higashiyama T. Quantification of Species-Preferential Micropylar Chemoattraction in Arabidopsis by Fluorescein Diacetate Staining of Pollen Tubes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052722. [PMID: 35269862 PMCID: PMC8910611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction between males and females of the same species is essential for species maintenance. Ovular micropylar guidance, the last step of pollen tube guidance in angiosperms, contributes to species-preferential reproduction. Previous studies using semi-in vivo attraction assays showed that species-preferential attractant peptides are secreted from the ovule through its micropyle. However, conventional semi-in vivo assays usually depend on transgenic pollen tubes expressing a fluorescent protein to determine whether the tubes are attracted to the ovule to precisely penetrate the micropyle. Here, we found that fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining was suitable for evaluating the micropylar guidance rate of non-transgenic pollen tubes in semi-in vivo conditions. Micropylar guidance was quantified for ovules and pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis lyrata by combining FDA staining with modified semi-in vivo assays. Our results using the simple staining method showed that the ovules of each species secrete species-preferential attractants, and that pollen tubes respond more strongly to attractants of their own species compared with those of closely related species. LURE-type CRP810 attractant peptides were shown to be responsible for micropylar attraction of A. thaliana in the semi-in vivo assay. The POLLEN-SPECIFIC RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 6 (PRK6) receptor for LURE1, as well as an unidentified receptor for other LURE-type attractants, are involved in the species-preferential response of these two Arabidopsis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya T. Nagae
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan;
| | - Hidenori Takeuchi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan;
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Correspondence:
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22
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Liu X, Blomme J, Bogaert KA, D’hondt S, Wichard T, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, De Clerck O. Transcriptional dynamics of gametogenesis in the green seaweed Ulva mutabilis identifies an RWP-RK transcription factor linked to reproduction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:19. [PMID: 34991492 PMCID: PMC8734247 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanism underlying sexual reproduction in land plants is well understood in model plants and is a target for crop improvement. However, unlike land plants, the genetic basis involved in triggering reproduction and gamete formation remains elusive in most seaweeds, which are increasingly viewed as an alternative source of functional food and feedstock for energy applications. RESULTS Gametogenesis of Ulva mutabilis, a model organism for green seaweeds, was studied. We analyzed transcriptome dynamics at different time points during gametogenesis following induction of reproduction by fragmentation and removal of sporulation inhibitors. Analyses demonstrated that 45% of the genes in the genome were differentially expressed during gametogenesis. We identified several transcription factors that potentially play a key role in the early gametogenesis of Ulva given the function of their homologs in higher plants and microalgae. In particular, the detailed expression pattern of an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor containing an RWP-RK domain suggested a key role during Ulva gametogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analyses of gametogenesis in the green seaweed Ulva highlight the importance of a conserved RWP-RK transcription factor in the induction of sexual reproduction. The identification of putative master regulators of gametogenesis provides a starting point for further functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenny A. Bogaert
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie D’hondt
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Wichard
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Genome-wide analysis and transcriptional reprogrammings of MYB superfamily revealed positive insights into abiotic stress responses and anthocyanin accumulation in Carthamus tinctorius L. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:125-145. [PMID: 34978004 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The MYB transcription factors comprise one of the largest superfamilies in plants that have been implicated in the regulation of plant-specific metabolites and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we present the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis and functional characterization of the CtMYB family in Carthamus tinctorius. A total of 272 CtMYBs were identified and classified into 12 subgroups using comparative phylogenetic analysis with Arabidopsis and rice orthologs. The overview of conserved motifs, gene structures, and cis elements as well as the expression pattern of CtMYB genes indicated the diverse roles of these transcription factors during plant growth, regulation of secondary metabolites, and various abiotic stress responses. The subcellular localization and transactivation analysis of four CtMYB proteins indicated predominant localization in the nuclei with enhanced transcriptional activation in yeast. The expression of CtMYB63 induced with various abiotic stress conditions showed upregulation in its transcription level. In addition, the expression analysis of the core structural genes of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway under drought and cold stress in CtMYB63 overexpressed transgenic lines also supports the notion of CtMYB63 transcriptional reprogramming in response to abiotic stress by upregulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis. Together, our findings revealed the underlying regulatory mechanism of CtMYB TF network involving enhanced cold and drought stress tolerance through activating the rapid biosynthesis of anthocyanin in C. tinctorius. This study also presents useful insights towards the establishment of new strategies for crop improvements.
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24
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Ajayi OO, Held MA, Showalter AM. Glucuronidation of type II arabinogalactan polysaccharides function in sexual reproduction of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:164-181. [PMID: 34726315 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are complex, hyperglycosylated plant cell wall proteins with little known about the biological roles of their glycan moieties in sexual reproduction. Here, we report that GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B, and GLCAT14C, three enzymes responsible for the addition of glucuronic acid residues to AGPs, function in pollen development, polytubey block, and normal embryo development in Arabidopsis. Using biochemical and immunolabeling techniques, we demonstrated that the loss of function of the GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B, and GLCAT14C genes resulted in disorganization of the reticulate structure of the exine wall, abnormal development of the intine layer, and collapse of pollen grains in glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants. Synchronous development between locules within the same anther was also lost in some glcat14a/b/c stamens. In addition, we observed excessive attraction of pollen tubes targeting glcat14a/b/c ovules, indicating that the polytubey block mechanism was compromised. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed significant reductions in all sugars in glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants except for arabinose and galactose, while immunolabeling showed decreased amounts of AGP sugar epitopes recognized by glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants compared with the wild type. This work demonstrates the important roles that AG glucuronidation plays in Arabidopsis sexual reproduction and reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyeyemi O Ajayi
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Michael A Held
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Allan M Showalter
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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25
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Wang H, Qi X, Chen S, Feng J, Chen H, Qin Z, Deng Y. An integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to dynamically study the mechanism of pollen-pistil interactions during jasmine crossing. J Proteomics 2021; 249:104380. [PMID: 34517123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmine (Jasminum sambac Aiton, Oleaceae) flowers are widely consumed in many countries for their tea-making, medicinal and ornamental properties. To improve the quality and yield of flowers, it is very important to carry out cross-breeding between different petal types of jasmine. However, because of the difficulty of sexual reproduction, there is no report on the success of jasmine crosses. In this paper, single- and double-petal jasmine plants were crossed artificially. The stigmas of single-petal plants post pollination, including those at 0 h after pollination (CK), 1 h after pollination (T1) and 6 h after pollination (T2), were sequenced by transcriptomic combined with proteomic analyses. A total of 178,098 gene products were assembled. Simultaneously, a total of 2337 protein species were identified. Some regulatory gene products and functional protein species were identified that may be involved in the process of pollen-pistil interactions. These findings suggest that the identified differentially expressed gene products and differentially accumulated protein species may play vital roles in jasmine plants in response to pollen-pistil interactions, providing important genetic resources for further functional dissection of the molecular mechanisms of these interactions. SIGNIFICANCE: These results have important scientific significance to take effective measures to overcome pre-fertilization barriers and to guide the cross breeding of jasmine. Further, they can also be used for reference in other plant breeding with the same fertilization barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanming Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Wang L, Liu Y, Aslam M, Jakada BH, Qin Y, Cai H. The Glycine-Rich Domain Protein GRDP2 Regulates Ovule Development via the Auxin Pathway in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:698487. [PMID: 34777406 PMCID: PMC8585784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.698487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The glycine-rich domain proteins (GRDP) have been functionally implicated in the cell wall structure, biotic, and abiotic stress responses. However, little is known about GRDP genes in female gametophyte development of Arabidopsis. This study shows that GRDP2, a GRDP, plays a crucial role in female gametophyte development. In GRDP2 overexpression lines, grdp2-3, the embryo sacs were arrested at FG1 and no nucleus stages. Furthermore, callose staining shows that cell plate formation during megasporogenesis is disturbed in grdp2-3. In contrast, the pollen development is not affected in grdp2-3. The expression patterns of auxin-specific marker lines in female gametophytes showed that the auxin distribution and transport were significantly changed during megagametogenesis in grdp2-3. In addition, compared with the membrane-localized pattern of PIN1, PIN2, and PIN7 in WT, the signals were detected in the cytoplasm in grdp2-3. Together, our data suggest that GRDP2 plays an essential role in auxin-mediated female gametophyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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27
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Luo G, Shen L, Zhao S, Li R, Song Y, Song S, Yu K, Yang W, Li X, Sun J, Wang Y, Gao C, Liu D, Zhang A. Genome-wide identification of seed storage protein gene regulators in wheat through coexpression analysis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1704-1720. [PMID: 34634158 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Only a few transcriptional regulators of seed storage protein (SSP) genes have been identified in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Coexpression analysis could be an efficient approach to characterize novel transcriptional regulators at the genome-scale considering the correlated expression between transcriptional regulators and target genes. As the A genome donor of common wheat, Triticum urartu is more suitable for coexpression analysis than common wheat considering the diploid genome and single gene copy. In this work, the transcriptome dynamics in endosperm of T. urartu throughout grain filling were revealed by RNA-Seq analysis. In the coexpression analysis, a total of 71 transcription factors (TFs) from 23 families were found to be coexpressed with SSP genes. Among these TFs, TuNAC77 enhanced the transcription of SSP genes by binding to cis-elements distributed in promoters. The homolog of TuNAC77 in common wheat, TaNAC77, shared an identical function, and the total SSPs were reduced by about 24% in common wheat when TaNAC77 was knocked down. This is the first genome-wide identification of transcriptional regulators of SSP genes in wheat, and the newly characterized transcriptional regulators will undoubtedly expand our knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of SSP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Agronomy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Agronomy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kang Yu
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
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28
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Plant egg cell fate determination depends on its exact position in female gametophyte. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017488118. [PMID: 33597298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017488118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant fertilization involves both an egg cell, which fuses with a sperm cell, and synergid cells, which guide pollen tubes for sperm cell delivery. Therefore, egg and synergid cell functional specifications are prerequisites for successful fertilization. However, how the egg and synergid cells, referred to as the "egg apparatus," derived from one mother cell develop into distinct cell types remains an unanswered question. In this report, we show that the final position of the nuclei in female gametophyte determines the cell fate of the egg apparatus. We established a live imaging system to visualize the dynamics of nuclear positioning and cell identity establishment in the female gametophyte. We observed that free nuclei should migrate to a specific position before egg apparatus specialization. Artificial changing in the nuclear position on disturbance of the actin cytoskeleton, either in vitro or in vivo, could reset the cell fate of the egg apparatus. We also found that nuclei of the same origin moved to different positions and then showed different cell identities, whereas nuclei of different origins moved to the same position showed the same cell identity, indicating that the final positions of the nuclei, rather than specific nucleus lineage, play critical roles in the egg apparatus specification. Furthermore, the active auxin level was higher in the egg cell than in synergid cells. Auxin transport inhibitor could decrease the auxin level in egg cells and impair egg cell identity, suggesting that directional and accurate auxin distribution likely acts as a positional cue for egg apparatus specialization.
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29
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Takeuchi H. The role of diverse LURE-type cysteine-rich peptides as signaling molecules in plant reproduction. Peptides 2021; 142:170572. [PMID: 34004266 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperm sexual reproduction, the male pollen tube undergoes a series of interactions with female tissues. For efficient growth and precise guidance, the pollen tube perceives extracellular ligands. In recent decades, various types of secreted cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) have been identified as peptide ligands that regulate diverse angiosperm reproduction processes, including pollen tube germination, growth, guidance, and rupture. Notably, in two distant core eudicot plants, multiple LURE-type CRPs were found to be secreted from egg-accompanying synergid cells, and these CRPs act as a cocktail of pollen tube attractants for the final step of pollen tube guidance. LURE-type CRPs have species-preferential activity, even among close relatives, and exhibit remarkably divergent molecular evolution with conserved cysteine frameworks, demonstrating that they play a key role in species recognition in pollen tube guidance. In this review, I focus on "reproductive CRPs," particularly LURE-type CRPs, which underlie common but species-specific mechanisms in angiosperm sexual reproduction, and discuss their action, functional regulation, receptors, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Takeuchi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
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30
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Abstract
The gametophyte represents the sexual phase in the alternation of generations in plants; the other, nonsexual phase is the sporophyte. Here, we review the evolutionary origins of the male gametophyte among land plants and, in particular, its ontogenesis in flowering plants. The highly reduced male gametophyte of angiosperm plants is a two- or three-celled pollen grain. Its task is the production of two male gametes and their transport to the female gametophyte, the embryo sac, where double fertilization takes place. We describe two phases of pollen ontogenesis-a developmental phase leading to the differentiation of the male germline and the formation of a mature pollen grain and a functional phase representing the pollen tube growth, beginning with the landing of the pollen grain on the stigma and ending with double fertilization. We highlight recent advances in the complex regulatory mechanisms involved, including posttranscriptional regulation and transcript storage, intracellular metabolic signaling, pollen cell wall structure and synthesis, protein secretion, and phased cell-cell communication within the reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; ,
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; ,
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31
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Ke Y, Podio M, Conner J, Ozias-Akins P. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) eggs unveils apomictic parthenogenesis signatures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9880. [PMID: 33972603 PMCID: PMC8110759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Apomixis, a type of asexual reproduction in angiosperms, results in progenies that are genetically identical to the mother plant. It is a highly desirable trait in agriculture due to its potential to preserve heterosis of F1 hybrids through subsequent generations. However, no major crops are apomictic. Deciphering mechanisms underlying apomixis becomes one of the alternatives to engineer self-reproducing capability into major crops. Parthenogenesis, a major component of apomixis, commonly described as the ability to initiate embryo formation from the egg cell without fertilization, also can be valuable in plant breeding for doubled haploid production. A deeper understanding of transcriptional differences between parthenogenetic and sexual or non-parthenogenetic eggs can assist with pathway engineering. By conducting laser capture microdissection-based RNA-seq on sexual and parthenogenetic egg cells on the day of anthesis, a de novo transcriptome for the Cenchrus ciliaris egg cells was created, transcriptional profiles that distinguish the parthenogenetic egg from its sexual counterpart were identified, and functional roles for a few transcription factors in promoting natural parthenogenesis were suggested. These transcriptome data expand upon previous gene expression studies and will be a resource for future research on the transcriptome of egg cells in parthenogenetic and sexual genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ke
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Maricel Podio
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Joann Conner
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA.,Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA. .,Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA.
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32
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Motomura K, Takeuchi H, Notaguchi M, Tsuchi H, Takeda A, Kinoshita T, Higashiyama T, Maruyama D. Persistent directional growth capability in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes after nuclear elimination from the apex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2331. [PMID: 33888710 PMCID: PMC8062503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the double fertilization process, pollen tubes deliver two sperm cells to an ovule containing the female gametes. In the pollen tube, the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells move together to the apical region where the vegetative nucleus is thought to play a crucial role in controlling the direction and growth of the pollen tube. Here, we report the generation of pollen tubes in Arabidopsis thaliana whose vegetative nucleus and sperm cells are isolated and sealed by callose plugs in the basal region due to apical transport defects induced by mutations in the WPP domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WITs) and sperm cell-specific expression of a dominant mutant of the CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 protein. Through pollen-tube guidance assays, we show that the physiologically anuclear mutant pollen tubes maintain the ability to grow and enter ovules. Our findings provide insight into the sperm cell delivery mechanism and illustrate the independence of the tip-localized vegetative nucleus from directional growth control of the pollen tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Motomura
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takeuchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.,Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Haruna Tsuchi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kinoshita
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.,Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan.
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33
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Susaki D, Suzuki T, Maruyama D, Ueda M, Higashiyama T, Kurihara D. Dynamics of the cell fate specifications during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001123. [PMID: 33770073 PMCID: PMC7997040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female gametophyte undergoes unique developmental processes, such as several rounds of nuclear division without cell plate formation and final cellularization, it remains unknown when and how the cell fate is determined during development. Here, we visualized the living dynamics of female gametophyte development and performed transcriptome analysis of individual cell types to assess the cell fate specifications in Arabidopsis thaliana. We recorded time lapses of the nuclear dynamics and cell plate formation from the 1-nucleate stage to the 7-cell stage after cellularization using an in vitro ovule culture system. The movies showed that the nuclear division occurred along the micropylar–chalazal (distal–proximal) axis. During cellularization, the polar nuclei migrated while associating with the forming edge of the cell plate, and then, migrated toward each other to fuse linearly. We also tracked the gene expression dynamics and identified that the expression of MYB98pro::GFP–MYB98, a synergid-specific marker, was initiated just after cellularization in the synergid, egg, and central cells and was then restricted to the synergid cells. This indicated that cell fates are determined immediately after cellularization. Transcriptome analysis of the female gametophyte cells of the wild-type and myb98 mutant revealed that the myb98 synergid cells had egg cell–like gene expression profiles. Although in myb98, egg cell–specific gene expression was properly initiated in the egg cells only after cellularization, but subsequently expressed ectopically in one of the 2 synergid cells. These results, together with the various initiation timings of the egg cell–specific genes, suggest complex regulation of the individual gametophyte cells, such as cellularization-triggered fate initiation, MYB98-dependent fate maintenance, cell morphogenesis, and organelle positioning. Our system of live-cell imaging and cell type–specific gene expression analysis provides insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the development of female gametophytes in plants. The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Live-cell imaging and transcriptome analysis of single female gametophyte cell reveal novel insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the model plant Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Susaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (DK)
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (DK)
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34
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Susaki D, Suzuki T, Maruyama D, Ueda M, Higashiyama T, Kurihara D. Dynamics of the cell fate specifications during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001123. [PMID: 33770073 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.023028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female gametophyte undergoes unique developmental processes, such as several rounds of nuclear division without cell plate formation and final cellularization, it remains unknown when and how the cell fate is determined during development. Here, we visualized the living dynamics of female gametophyte development and performed transcriptome analysis of individual cell types to assess the cell fate specifications in Arabidopsis thaliana. We recorded time lapses of the nuclear dynamics and cell plate formation from the 1-nucleate stage to the 7-cell stage after cellularization using an in vitro ovule culture system. The movies showed that the nuclear division occurred along the micropylar-chalazal (distal-proximal) axis. During cellularization, the polar nuclei migrated while associating with the forming edge of the cell plate, and then, migrated toward each other to fuse linearly. We also tracked the gene expression dynamics and identified that the expression of MYB98pro::GFP-MYB98, a synergid-specific marker, was initiated just after cellularization in the synergid, egg, and central cells and was then restricted to the synergid cells. This indicated that cell fates are determined immediately after cellularization. Transcriptome analysis of the female gametophyte cells of the wild-type and myb98 mutant revealed that the myb98 synergid cells had egg cell-like gene expression profiles. Although in myb98, egg cell-specific gene expression was properly initiated in the egg cells only after cellularization, but subsequently expressed ectopically in one of the 2 synergid cells. These results, together with the various initiation timings of the egg cell-specific genes, suggest complex regulation of the individual gametophyte cells, such as cellularization-triggered fate initiation, MYB98-dependent fate maintenance, cell morphogenesis, and organelle positioning. Our system of live-cell imaging and cell type-specific gene expression analysis provides insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the development of female gametophytes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Susaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan
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35
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Adhikari PB, Liu X, Kasahara RD. Mechanics of Pollen Tube Elongation: A Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:589712. [PMID: 33193543 PMCID: PMC7606272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.589712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube (PT) serves as a vehicle that delivers male gametes (sperm cells) to a female gametophyte during double fertilization, which eventually leads to the seed formation. It is one of the fastest elongating structures in plants. Normally, PTs traverse through the extracellular matrix at the transmitting tract after penetrating the stigma. While the endeavor may appear simple, the molecular processes and mechanics of the PT elongation is yet to be fully resolved. Although it is the most studied "tip-growing" structure in plants, several features of the structure (e.g., Membrane dynamics, growth behavior, mechanosensing etc.) are only partially understood. In many aspects, PTs are still considered as a tissue rather than a "unique cell." In this review, we have attempted to discuss mainly on the mechanics behind PT-elongation and briefly on the molecular players involved in the process. Four aspects of PTs are particularly discussed: the PT as a cell, its membrane dynamics, mechanics of its elongation, and the potential mechanosensors involved in its elongation based on relevant findings in both plant and non-plant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Babu Adhikari
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ryushiro D. Kasahara
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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36
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Adhikari PB, Liu X, Wu X, Zhu S, Kasahara RD. Fertilization in flowering plants: an odyssey of sperm cell delivery. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:9-32. [PMID: 32124177 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In light of the available discoveries in the field, this review manuscript discusses on plant reproduction mechanism and molecular players involved in the process. Sperm cells in angiosperms are immotile and are physically distant to the female gametophytes (FG). To secure the production of the next generation, plants have devised a clever approach by which the two sperm cells in each pollen are safely delivered to the female gametophyte where two fertilization events occur (by each sperm cell fertilizing an egg cell and central cell) to give rise to embryo and endosperm. Each of the successfully fertilized ovules later develops into a seed. Sets of macromolecules play roles in pollen tube (PT) guidance, from the stigma, through the transmitting tract and funiculus to the micropylar end of the ovule. Other sets of genetic players are involved in PT reception and in its rupture after it enters the ovule, and yet other sets of genes function in gametic fusion. Angiosperms have come long way from primitive reproductive structure development to today's sophisticated, diverse, and in most cases flamboyant organ. In this review, we will be discussing on the intricate yet complex molecular mechanism of double fertilization and how it might have been shaped by the evolutionary forces focusing particularly on the model plant Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B Adhikari
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ryushiro D Kasahara
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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37
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Hater F, Nakel T, Groß-Hardt R. Reproductive Multitasking: The Female Gametophyte. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:517-546. [PMID: 32442389 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization of flowering plants requires the organization of complex tasks, many of which become integrated by the female gametophyte (FG). The FG is a few-celled haploid structure that orchestrates division of labor to coordinate successful interaction with the sperm cells and their transport vehicle, the pollen tube. As reproductive outcome is directly coupled to evolutionary success, the underlying mechanisms are under robust molecular control, including integrity check and repair mechanisms. Here, we review progress on understanding the development and function of the FG, starting with the functional megaspore, which represents the haploid founder cell of the FG. We highlight recent achievements that have greatly advanced our understanding of pollen tube attraction strategies and the mechanisms that regulate plant hybridization and gamete fusion. In addition, we discuss novel insights into plant polyploidization strategies that expand current concepts on the evolution of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hater
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Thomas Nakel
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Rita Groß-Hardt
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
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38
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Transcriptional repression specifies the central cell for double fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6231-6236. [PMID: 32132210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909465117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Double fertilization is a key innovation for the evolutionary success of angiosperms by which the two fertilized female gametes, the egg cell and central cell, generate the embryo and endosperm, respectively. The female gametophyte (embryo sac) enclosed in the sporophyte is derived from a one-celled haploid cell lineage. It undergoes successive events of mitotic divisions, cellularization, and cell specification to give rise to the mature embryo sac, which contains the two female gametes accompanied by two types of accessory cells, namely synergids and antipodals. How the cell fate of the central cell is specified has long been equivocal and is further complicated by the structural diversity of female gametophyte across plant taxa. Here, MADS-box protein AGL80 was verified as a transcriptional repressor that directly suppresses the expression of accessory cell-specific genes to specify the central cell. Further genetic rescue and phylogenetic assay of the AGL80 orthologs revealed a possible conserved mechanism in the Brassicaceae family. Results from this study provide insight into the molecular determination of the second female gamete cell in Brassicaceae.
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39
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Liu X, Wu X, Adhikari PB, Zhu S, Kinoshita Y, Berger F, Higashiyama T, Kasahara RD. Establishment of a novel method for the identification of fertilization defective mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:928-932. [PMID: 31711640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant reproduction is an extremely important phenomenon, as it is strongly associated with plant genetics and early development. Additionally, foundations of the reproductive system have direct implications on plant breeding and agriculture. Investigation of the functions of male and female gametophytes is critical since their fusion is required for seed formation. Although a large number of mutants have been generated to understand the functions of male and female gametophytes, only a small number of genes required for plant fertilization have been identified to date. This is because the screening method used previously required the dissection of siliques, and fertilization-specific mutants exhibiting semi-fertility (or ∼50% fertility) were difficult to identify. Here, we report a new efficient screening method for the identification of fertilization defective mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana using vanillin staining. This method is based on the pollen tube-dependent ovule enlargement morphology (POEM) phenomenon, which generates a partial seed coat within the ovule without fertilization. Using this method, we successfully identified 23 putative fertilization defective mutants in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China; FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China; FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Prakash Babu Adhikari
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China; FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China; FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yoshihiro Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Frederic Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH Dr, Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryushiro D Kasahara
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China; FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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40
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Kulichová K, Kumar V, Steinbachová L, Klodová B, Timofejeva L, Juříček M, Honys D, Hafidh S. PRP8A and PRP8B spliceosome subunits act co-ordinately to control pollen tube attraction in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:dev.186742. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.186742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Precise guided pollen tube growth by the female gametophyte is a pre-requisite for successful sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) secreted from the embryo sac are known pollen tube attractants perceived by pollen tube receptor-like kinases (RLK's). How pre-mRNA splicing facilitates this cell-to-cell communication is not understood. Here, we report novel function of Pre-mRNA PROCESSING factor 8 paralogs, PRP8A and PRP8B, as regulators of pollen tube attraction. Double mutant prp8a prp8b ovules cannot attract pollen tubes, and prp8a prp8b pollen tubes fail in sensing ovules attraction signals. Only 3% of ovule-expressed genes were misregulated in prp8a prp8b. Combination of RNA-seq and MYB98/LURE1.2-YFP reporter revealed the expression of MYB98, LUREs and 49 other CRPs were downregulated suggesting loss of synergid cell fate. Differential Exon usage (DEU) and Intron-retention (IR) analysis revealed autoregulation of PPR8A/PRP8B splicing. In vivo, PRP8A coimmunoprecipitates with splicing enhancer AtSF3A1, suggesting involvement of PRP8A in 3′-splice site selection. Our data hint that PRP8A/PRP8B module exhibit spliceosome-autoregulation to facilitate pollen tube attraction via transcriptional regulation of MYB98, CRPs and LURE pollen tube attractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kulichová
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Steinbachová
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Božena Klodová
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ljudmilla Timofejeva
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Juříček
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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41
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Zhong S, Liu M, Wang Z, Huang Q, Hou S, Xu YC, Ge Z, Song Z, Huang J, Qiu X, Shi Y, Xiao J, Liu P, Guo YL, Dong J, Dresselhaus T, Gu H, Qu LJ. Cysteine-rich peptides promote interspecific genetic isolation in Arabidopsis. Science 2019; 364:364/6443/eaau9564. [PMID: 31147494 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau9564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is a prerequisite for speciation. Failure of communication between female tissues of the pistil and paternal pollen tubes imposes hybridization barriers in flowering plants. Arabidopsis thaliana LURE1 (AtLURE1) peptides and their male receptor PRK6 aid attraction of the growing pollen tube to the ovule. Here, we report that the knockout of the entire AtLURE1 gene family did not affect fertility, indicating that AtLURE1-PRK6-mediated signaling is not required for successful fertilization within one Arabidopsis species. AtLURE1s instead function as pollen tube emergence accelerators that favor conspecific pollen over pollen from other species and thus promote reproductive isolation. We also identified maternal peptides XIUQIU1 to -4, which attract pollen tubes regardless of species. Cooperation between ovule attraction and pollen tube growth acceleration favors conspecific fertilization and promotes reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Saiying Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China. .,The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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42
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Hwang D, Wada S, Takahashi A, Urawa H, Kamei Y, Nishikawa SI. Development of a Heat-Inducible Gene Expression System Using Female Gametophytes of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2564-2572. [PMID: 31359050 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Female gametophyte (FG) is crucial for reproduction in flowering plants. Arabidopsis thaliana produces Polygonum-type FGs, which consist of an egg cell, two synergid cells, three antipodal cells and a central cell. Egg cell and central cell are the two female gametes that give rise to the embryo and surrounding endosperm, respectively, after fertilization. During the development of a FG, a single megaspore produced by meiosis undergoes three rounds of mitosis to produce an eight-nucleate cell. A seven-celled FG is formed after cellularization. The central cell initially contains two polar nuclei that fuse during female gametogenesis to form the secondary nucleus. In this study, we developed a gene induction system for analyzing the functions of various genes in developing Arabidopsis FGs. This system allows transgene expression in developing FGs using the heat-inducible Cre-loxP recombination system and FG-specific embryo sac 2 (ES2) promoter. Efficient gene induction was achieved in FGs by incubating flower buds and isolated pistils at 35�C for short periods of time (1-5 min). Gene induction was also induced in developing FGs by heat treatment of isolated ovules using the infrared laser-evoked gene operator (IR-LEGO) system. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Sad1/UNC84 (SUN) proteins in developing FGs using the gene induction system developed in this study caused defects in polar nuclear fusion, indicating the roles of SUN proteins in this process. This strategy represents a new tool for analyzing the functions of genes in FG development and FG functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dukhyun Hwang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyoung National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Satomi Wada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Azusa Takahashi
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Urawa
- Department of Education, Gifu Shotokugakuen University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuh-Ichi Nishikawa
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
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43
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TICKET attracts pollen tubes and mediates reproductive isolation between relative species in Brassicaceae. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1413-1419. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Zhong S, Qu LJ. Peptide/receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling involved in male-female interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:7-14. [PMID: 30999163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, extensive male-female interactions during pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth and guidance in the transmitting tract, and pollen tube reception by the female gametophyte are required for successful double fertilization in which various signaling cascades are involved. Peptide/receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling has been found playing important roles in these male-female interactions. Here, we mainly summarized the progress made on the regulatory roles of peptide/receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling pathways in four critical stages during reproduction in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Zhou Q, Jia C, Ma W, Cui Y, Jin X, Luo D, Min X, Liu Z. MYB transcription factors in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa): genome-wide identification and expression analysis under abiotic stresses. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7714. [PMID: 31576246 PMCID: PMC6753925 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alfalfa is the most widely cultivated forage legume and one of the most economically valuable crops in the world. Its survival and production are often hampered by environmental changes. However, there are few studies on stress-resistance genes in alfalfa because of its incomplete genomic information and rare expression profile data. The MYB proteins are characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain, which is large, functionally diverse, and represented in all eukaryotes. The role of MYB proteins in plant development is essential; they function in diverse biological processes, including stress and defense responses, and seed and floral development. Studies on the MYB gene family have been reported in several species, but they have not been comprehensively analyzed in alfalfa. Methods To identify more comprehensive MYB transcription factor family genes, the sequences of 168 Arabidopsis thaliana, 430 Glycine max, 185 Medicago truncatula, and 130 Oryza sativa MYB proteins were downloaded from the Plant Transcription Factor Database. These sequences were used as queries in a BLAST search against the M. sativa proteome sequences provided by the Noble Research Institute. Results In the present study, a total of 265 MsMYB proteins were obtained, including 50 R1-MYB, 186 R2R3-MYB, 26 R1R2R3-MYB, and three atypical-MYB proteins. These predicted MsMYB proteins were divided into 12 subgroups by phylogenetic analysis, and gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that most of the MsMYB genes are involved in various biological processes. The expression profiles and quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that some MsMYB genes might play a crucial role in the response to abiotic stresses. Additionally, a total of 170 and 914 predicted protein–protein and protein-DNA interactions were obtained, respectively. The interactions between MsMYB043 and MSAD320162, MsMYB253 and MSAD320162, and MsMYB253 and MSAD308489 were confirmed by a yeast two-hybrid system. This work provides information on the MYB family in alfalfa that was previously lacking and might promote the cultivation of stress-resistant alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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46
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Losada JM, Herrero M. Arabinogalactan proteins mediate intercellular crosstalk in the ovule of apple flowers. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:291-305. [PMID: 31049682 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AGP-rich glycoproteins mediate pollen-ovule interactions and cell patterning in the embryo sac of apple before and after fertilization. Glycoproteins are significant players in the dialog that takes place between growing pollen tubes and the stigma and style in the angiosperms. Yet, information is scarce on their possible involvement in the ovule, a sporophytic organ that hosts the female gametophyte. Apple flowers have a prolonged lapse of time between pollination and fertilization, offering a great system to study the developmental basis of glycoprotein secretion and their putative role during the last stages of the progamic phase and early seed initiation. For this purpose, the sequential pollen tube elongation within the ovary was examined in relation to changes in arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in the tissues of the ovule before and after fertilization. To evaluate what of these changes are developmentally regulated, unpollinated and pollinated flowers were compared. AGPs paved the pollen tube pathway in the ovules along the micropylar canal, and the nucellus entrance toward the synergids, which also developmentally accumulated AGPs at the filiform apparatus. Glycoproteins vanished from all these tissues following pollen tube passage, strongly suggesting a role in pollen-ovule interaction. In addition, AGPs marked the primary cell walls of the haploid cells of the female gametophyte, and they further built up in the cell walls of the embryo sac and developing embryo, layering the interactive walls of the three generations hosted in the ovule, the maternal sporophytic tissues, the female gametophyte, and the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station-CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain.
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre St., Boston, MA, 02131, USA.
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora-CSIC-UMA, Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n. Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain.
| | - María Herrero
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station-CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain
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47
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Zhong S, Qu LJ. Cysteine-rich peptides: signals for pollen tube guidance, species isolation and beyond. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1243-1245. [PMID: 31444684 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing, 100101, China.
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48
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Hisanaga T, Yamaoka S, Kawashima T, Higo A, Nakajima K, Araki T, Kohchi T, Berger F. Building new insights in plant gametogenesis from an evolutionary perspective. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:663-669. [PMID: 31285561 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Extant bryophytes are thought to preserve characteristics of ancestral land plants, with a life cycle dominated by the haploid gametophyte. The gametophyte produces gametes in specialized organs that differentiate after an extensive phase of vegetative development. During land plant evolution, these organs became extremely reduced. As a result, in flowers of angiosperms the haploid phase of the life cycle is reduced to few-celled gametophytes, namely the embryo sac (female) and pollen (male). Although many factors contributing to gametogenesis have been identified in flowering plants, the extreme reduction of the gametophytes has prevented a clear molecular dissection of key processes of gametogenesis. Recent studies in the model bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha have identified conserved transcription factors regulating the equivalent steps in the sexual reproduction of land plants. These include FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE MYB for female gametophyte development, BONOBO for gamete progenitor cell specification, DUO POLLEN1 for sperm differentiation and members of the RWP-RK domain family for female gamete formation. These studies demonstrate that M. polymorpha is a powerful model to untangle the core processes of gametogenesis in land plants. We anticipate that a deeper understanding of gametogenesis in bryophytes will circumscribe the origin of plant germ cells and define the differentiation programmes of sperm and eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hisanaga
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Asuka Higo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Takashi Araki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
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49
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Lopes AL, Moreira D, Ferreira MJ, Pereira AM, Coimbra S. Insights into secrets along the pollen tube pathway in need to be discovered. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2979-2992. [PMID: 30820535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of plant fertilization provides an outstanding example of refined control of gene expression. During this elegant process, subtle communication occurs between neighboring cells, based on chemical signals, that induces cellular mechanisms of patterning and growth. Having faced an immediate issue of self-incompatibility responses, the pathway to fertilization starts once the stigmatic cells recognize a compatible pollen grain, and it continues with numerous players interacting to affect pollen tube growth and the puzzling process of navigation along the transmitting tract. The pollen tube goes through a guidance process that begins with a preovular stage (i.e. prior to the influence of the target ovule), with interactions with factors from the transmitting tissue. In the subsequent ovular-guidance stage a specific relationship develops between the pollen tube and its target ovule. This stage is divided into the funicular and micropylar guidance steps, with numerous receptors working in signalling cascades. Finally, just after the pollen tube has passed beyond the synergids, fusion of the gametes occurs and the developing seed-the ultimate aim of the process-will start to mature. In this paper, we review the existing knowledge of the crucial biological processes involved in pollen-pistil interactions that give rise to the new seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute - BioISI, Porto, Portugal
- Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre - GreenUPorto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre - GreenUPorto, Vairão, Portugal
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50
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Johnson MA, Harper JF, Palanivelu R. A Fruitful Journey: Pollen Tube Navigation from Germination to Fertilization. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:809-837. [PMID: 30822112 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo tip growth to deliver two nonmotile sperm to the ovule where they fuse with an egg and central cell to achieve double fertilization. This extended journey involves rapid growth and changes in gene activity that manage compatible interactions with at least seven different cell types. Nearly half of the genome is expressed in haploid pollen, which facilitates genetic analysis, even of essential genes. These unique attributes make pollen an ideal system with which to study plant cell-cell interactions, tip growth, cell migration, the modulation of cell wall integrity, and gene expression networks. We highlight the signaling systems required for pollen tube navigation and the potential roles of Ca2+ signals. The dynamics of pollen development make sexual reproduction highly sensitive to heat stress. Understanding this vulnerability may generate strategies to improve seed crop yields that are under threat from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA;
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA;
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