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Tsuda K. Evolution of the sporophyte shoot axis and functions of TALE HD transcription factors in stem development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102594. [PMID: 38943830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The stem is one of the major organs in seed plants and is important for plant survival as well as in agriculture. However, due to the lack of clear external landmarks in many species, its developmental and evolutionary processes are understudied compared to other organs. Recent approaches tackling these problems, especially those focused on KNOX1 and BLH transcription factors belonging to the TALE homeodomain superfamily have started unveiling the patterning process of nodes and internodes by connecting previously accumulated knowledge on lateral organ regulators. Fossil records played crucial roles in understanding the evolutionary process of the stem. The aim of this review is to introduce how the stem evolved from ancestorial sporophyte axes and to provide frameworks for future efforts in understanding the developmental process of this elusive but pivotal organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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2
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Cao C, Guo S, Deng P, Yang S, Xu J, Hu T, Hu Z, Chen D, Zhang H, Navea IP, Chin JH, Zhang W, Jing W. The BEL1-like homeodomain protein OsBLH4 regulates rice plant height, grain number, and heading date by repressing the expression of OsGA2ox1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1369-1385. [PMID: 38824648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play crucial roles in regulating plant architecture and grain yield of crops. In rice, the inactivation of endogenous bioactive GAs and their precursors by GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) regulates stem elongation and reproductive development. However, the regulatory mechanisms of GA2ox gene expression, especially in rice reproductive organs, are unknown. The BEL1-like homeodomain protein OsBLH4, a negative regulatory factor for the rice OsGA2ox1 gene, was identified in this study. Loss of OsBLH4 function results in decreased bioactive GA levels and pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced plant height, decreased grain number per panicle, and delayed heading date, as also observed in OsGA2ox1-overexpressing plants. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, OsBLH4 was predominantly expressed in shoots and young spikelets; its encoded protein was exclusively localized in the nucleus. Molecular analysis demonstrated that OsBLH4 directly bound to the promoter region of OsGA2ox1 to repress its expression. Genetic assays revealed that OsBLH4 acts upstream of OsGA2ox1 to control rice plant height, grain number, and heading date. Taken together, these results indicate a crucial role for OsBLH4 in regulating rice plant architecture and yield potential via regulation of bioactive GA levels, and provide a potential strategy for genetic improvements of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuaiqiang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengfei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijuan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ian Paul Navea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Hyoun Chin
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Jia LC, Yang ZT, Shang LL, He SZ, Zhang H, Li X, Xin GS. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the KNOX family and its diverse roles in response to growth and abiotic tolerance in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:572. [PMID: 38844832 PMCID: PMC11157901 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
KNOXs, a type of homeobox genes that encode atypical homeobox proteins, play an essential role in the regulation of growth and development, hormonal response, and abiotic stress in plants. However, the KNOX gene family has not been explored in sweet potato. In this study, through sequence alignment, genomic structure analysis, and phylogenetic characterization, 17, 12 and 11 KNOXs in sweet potato (I. batatas, 2n = 6x = 90) and its two diploid relatives I. trifida (2n = 2x = 30) and I. triloba (2n = 2x = 30) were identified. The protein physicochemical properties, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, protein interaction network, cis-elements of promoters, tissue-specific expression and expression patterns under hormone treatment and abiotic stresses of these 40 KNOX genes were systematically studied. IbKNOX4, -5, and - 6 were highly expressed in the leaves of the high-yield varieties Longshu9 and Xushu18. IbKNOX3 and IbKNOX8 in Class I were upregulated in initial storage roots compared to fibrous roots. IbKNOXs in Class M were specifically expressed in the stem tip and hardly expressed in other tissues. Moreover, IbKNOX2 and - 6, and their homologous genes were induced by PEG/mannitol and NaCl treatments. The results showed that KNOXs were involved in regulating growth and development, hormone crosstalk and abiotic stress responses between sweet potato and its two diploid relatives. This study provides a comparison of these KNOX genes in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives and a theoretical basis for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cong Jia
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Zi-Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li-Li Shang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Shao-Zhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China.
| | - Guo-Sheng Xin
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, China.
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Yuan Y, Du Y, Delaplace P. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms governing axillary meristem initiation in plants. PLANTA 2024; 259:101. [PMID: 38536474 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Axillary meristems (AMs) located in the leaf axils determine the number of shoots or tillers eventually formed, thus contributing significantly to the plant architecture and crop yields. The study of AM initiation is unavoidable and beneficial for crop productivity. Shoot branching is an undoubted determinant of plant architecture and thus greatly impacts crop yield due to the panicle-bearing traits of tillers. The emergence of the AM is essential for the incipient bud formation, and then the bud is dormant or outgrowth immediately to form a branch or tiller. While numerous reviews have focused on plant branching and tillering development networks, fewer specifically address AM initiation and its regulatory mechanisms. This review synthesizes the significant advancements in the genetic and hormonal factors governing AM initiation, with a primary focus on studies conducted in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). In particular, by elaborating on critical genes like LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LAS), which specifically regulates AM initiation and the networks in which they are involved, we attempt to unify the cascades through which they are positioned. We concentrate on clarifying the precise mutual regulation between shoot apical meristem (SAM) and AM-related factors. Additionally, we examine challenges in elucidating AM formation mechanisms alongside opportunities provided by emerging omics approaches to identify AM-specific genes. By expanding our comprehension of the genetic and hormonal regulation of AM development, we can develop strategies to optimize crop production and address global food challenges effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Sciences, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA-Teaching and Research Center, Université de Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
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Cao X, Du Q, Guo Y, Wang Y, Jiao Y. Condensation of STM is critical for shoot meristem maintenance and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1445-1459. [PMID: 37674313 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The shoot meristem generates the entire shoot system and is precisely maintained throughout the life cycle under various environmental challenges. In this study, we identified a prion-like domain (PrD) in the key shoot meristem regulator SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM), which distinguishes STM from other related KNOX1 proteins. We demonstrated that PrD stimulates STM to form nuclear condensates, which are required for maintaining the shoot meristem. STM nuclear condensate formation is stabilized by selected PrD-containing STM-interacting BELL proteins in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, condensation of STM promotes its interaction with the Mediator complex subunit MED8 and thereby enhances its transcriptional activity. Thus, condensate formation emerges as a novel regulatory mechanism of shoot meristem functions. Furthermore, we found that the formation of STM condensates is enhanced upon salt stress, which allows enhanced salt tolerance and increased shoot branching. Our findings highlight that the transcription factor partitioning plays an important role in cell fate determination and might also act as a tunable environmental acclimation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yahe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ting NC, Chan PL, Buntjer J, Ordway JM, Wischmeyer C, Ooi LCL, Low ETL, Marjuni M, Sambanthamurthi R, Singh R. High-resolution genetic linkage map and height-related QTLs in an oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis) family planted across multiple sites. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1301-1318. [PMID: 38024957 PMCID: PMC10678900 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A refined SNP array containing 92,459 probes was developed and applied for chromosome scanning, construction of a high-density genetic linkage map and QTL analysis in a selfed Nigerian oil palm family (T128). Genotyping of the T128 mapping family generated 76,447 good quality SNPs for detailed scanning of aberration and homozygosity in the individual pseudo-chromosomes. Of them, 25,364 polymorphic SNPs were used for linkage analysis resulting in an 84.4% mapping rate. A total of 21,413 SNPs were mapped into 16 linkage groups (LGs), covering a total map length of 1364.5 cM. This genetic map is 16X denser than the previous version used to establish pseudo-chromosomes of the oil palm reference genome published in 2013. The QTLs associated with height, height increment and rachis length were identified in LGs TT05, 06, 08, 15 and 16. The present QTLs as well as those published previously were tagged to the reference genome to determine their chromosomal locations. Almost all the QTLs identified in this study were either close to or co-located with those reported in other populations. Determining the QTL position on chromosomes was also helpful in mining for the underlying candidate genes. In total, 55 putative genes and transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis, conjugation and signalling of the major phytohormones, especially for gibberellins and cell wall morphogenesis were found to be present in the identified genomic QTL regions, and their potential roles in plant dwarfism are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01360-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoot-Chin Ting
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Pek-Lan Chan
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Cheng-Li Ooi
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Eng Ti Leslie Low
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Marhalil Marjuni
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
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Jia P, Sharif R, Li Y, Sun T, Li S, Zhang X, Dong Q, Luan H, Guo S, Ren X, Qi G. The BELL1-like homeobox gene MdBLH14 from apple controls flowering and plant height via repression of MdGA20ox3. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124790. [PMID: 37169049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Apple growth and yield are largely dependent on plant height and flowering characteristics. The BELL1-like homeobox (BLH) transcription factors regulate extensive plant biological processes. However, the BLH-mediated regulation of plant height and flowering in apple remains elusive. In the current study, 19 members of the MdBLH family were identified in the apple genome. Segmental duplication and purifying selection are the main reasons for the evolution of the MdBLH genes. A BLH1-like gene, MdBLH14, was isolated and functionally characterized. The MdBLH14 was preferentially expressed in flower buds, and downregulated during the floral induction period. The subcellular localization in tobacco leaves indicated that MdBLH14 is a nuclear protein. Overexpression of MdBLH14 in Arabidopsis led to a significant dwarfing and late-flowering phenotype by hindering active GA accumulation. Additionally, MdKNOX19, another member of the TALE superfamily, physically interacts with MdBLH14 and synergistically inhibits the expression of MdGA20ox3. This is the first report on the function of the MdBLH14 from apple, and its mechanism involving plant flower induction and growth. The data presented here provide a theoretical basis for genetically breeding new apple varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Tianbo Sun
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shikui Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qinglong Dong
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Haoan Luan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Suping Guo
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Guohui Qi
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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Niu XL, Li HL, Li R, Liu GS, Peng ZZ, Jia W, Ji X, Zhu HL, Zhu BZ, Grierson D, Giuliano G, Luo YB, Fu DQ. Transcription factor SlBEL2 interferes with GOLDEN2-LIKE and influences green shoulder formation in tomato fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:982-997. [PMID: 36164829 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a crucial role in plant growth and fruit quality. However, the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development are still poorly understood in fruits. In this study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor SlBEL2 (BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN 2) in fruit of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Phenotypic analysis of SlBEL2 overexpression (OE-SlBEL2) and SlBEL2 knockout (KO-SlBEL2) plants revealed that SlBEL2 has the function of inhibiting green shoulder formation in tomato fruits by affecting the development of fruit chloroplasts. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the expression of chloroplast-related genes such as SlGLK2 and SlLHCB1 changed significantly in the fruit of OE-SlBEL2 and KO-SlBEL2 plants. Further analysis showed that SlBEL2 could not only bind to the promoter of SlGLK2 to inhibit its transcription, but also interacted with the SlGLK2 protein to inhibit the transcriptional activity of SlGLK2 and its downstream target genes. SlGLK2 knockout (KO-SlGLK2) plants exhibited a complete absence of the green shoulder, which was consistent with the fruit phenotype of OE-SlBEL2 plants. SlBEL2 showed an expression gradient in fruits, in contrast with that reported for SlGLK2. In conclusion, our study reveals that SlBEL2 affects the formation of green shoulder in tomato fruits by negatively regulating the gradient expression of SlGLK2, thus providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of fruit green shoulder formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Niu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang-Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Peng
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ben-Zhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Res. Ctr, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, 00123, Italy
| | - Yun-Bo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Crick J, Corrigan L, Belcram K, Khan M, Dawson JW, Adroher B, Li S, Hepworth SR, Pautot V. Floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis requires the combined activities of three TALE homeodomain transcription factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6150-6169. [PMID: 35689803 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ abscission is a separation process in which sepals, petals, and stamens detach from the plant at abscission zones. Here, we investigated the collective role of three amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) homeobox genes ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1 (ATH1), KNAT6 (for KNOTTED LIKE from Arabidopsis thaliana) and KNAT2, which form a module that patterns boundaries under the regulation of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 (BOP1/2) co-activators. These TALE homeodomain transcription factors were shown to maintain boundaries in the flower, functioning as a unit to coordinate the growth, patterning, and activity of abscission zones. Together with BOP1 and BOP2, ATH1 and its partners KNAT6 and KNAT2 collectively contribute to the differentiation of lignified and separation layers of the abscission zone. The genetic interactions of BOP1/2 and ATH1 with INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) were also explored. We showed that BOP1/2 co-activators and ATH1 converge with the IDA signalling pathway to promote KNAT6 and KNAT2 expression in the abscission zone and cell separation. ATH1 acts as a central regulator in floral organ abscission as it controls the expression of other TALE genes in abscission zone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crick
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Corrigan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katia Belcram
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Madiha Khan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff W Dawson
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Adroher
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sibei Li
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Véronique Pautot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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10
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Min Y, Ballerini ES, Edwards MB, Hodges SA, Kramer EM. Genetic architecture underlying variation in floral meristem termination in Aquilegia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6241-6254. [PMID: 35731618 PMCID: PMC9756955 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Floral organs are produced by floral meristems (FMs), which harbor stem cells in their centers. Since each flower only has a finite number of organs, the stem cell activity of an FM will always terminate at a specific time point, a process termed floral meristem termination (FMT). Variation in the timing of FMT can give rise to floral morphological diversity, but how this process is fine-tuned at a developmental and evolutionary level is poorly understood. Flowers from the genus Aquilegia share identical floral organ arrangement except for stamen whorl number (SWN), making Aquilegia a well-suited system for investigation of this process: differences in SWN between species represent differences in the timing of FMT. By crossing A. canadensis and A. brevistyla, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has revealed a complex genetic architecture with seven QTL. We explored potential candidate genes under each QTL and characterized novel expression patterns of select loci of interest using in situ hybridization. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to dissect the genetic basis of how natural variation in the timing of FMT is regulated, and our results provide insight into how floral morphological diversity can be generated at the meristematic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangeline S Ballerini
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Molly B Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Hodges
- Department of Ecology & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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11
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Ezura K, Nakamura A, Mitsuda N. Genome-wide characterization of the TALE homeodomain family and the KNOX-BLH interaction network in tomato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:799-821. [PMID: 35543849 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive yeast and protoplast two-hybrid analyses illustrated the protein-protein interaction network of the TALE homeodomain protein family, KNOX and BLH proteins, in tomato leaf and fruit development. KNOTTED-like (KNOX, KN) proteins and BELL1-like (BLH) proteins, which belong to the same TALE homeodomain family, act together by forming KNOX-BLH heterodimer modules. These modules play crucial roles in regulating multiple developmental processes in plants, like organ differentiation. However, despite the increasing knowledge about individual KNOX and BLH functions, a comprehensive view of their functional protein-protein interaction (PPI) network remains elusive in most plants, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), an important model plant to study fruit and leaf development. Here, we characterized eight tomato KNOX genes (SlKN1 to SlKN8) and fourteen tomato BLH genes (SlBLH1 to SlBLH14) by expression profiling, co-expression analysis, and PPI network analysis using two-hybrid techniques in yeasts (Y2H) and protoplasts (P2H). We identified 75 pairwise KNOX-BLH interactions, including ten novel interactors of SlKN2/TKN2, a primary class I KNOX protein, and nine novel interactors of SlKN5, a primary class II KNOX protein. Based on these data, we classified KNOX-BLH modules into several categories, which made us infer the order and combination of the KNOX-BLH modules involved in differentiation processes in leaf and fruit. Notably, the co-expression and interaction of SlKN5 and fruit preferentially expressing BLH1-clade paralogs (SlBLH5/SlBEL11 and SlBLH7) suggest their important roles in regulating fruit differentiation. Furthermore, in silico modeling of the KNOX-BLH modules, sequence analysis, and P2H assay identified several residues and a linker region potentially influencing the affinity of BLHs to KNOXs within their conserved dimerization domains. Together, these findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of KNOX-BLH modules underlying tomato organ differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ezura
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Nakamura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
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12
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Xiao Y, Guo J, Dong Z, Richardson A, Patterson E, Mangrum S, Bybee S, Bertolini E, Bartlett M, Chuck G, Eveland AL, Scanlon MJ, Whipple C. Boundary domain genes were recruited to suppress bract growth and promote branching in maize. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6835. [PMID: 35704576 PMCID: PMC9200273 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Grass inflorescence development is diverse and complex and involves sophisticated but poorly understood interactions of genes regulating branch determinacy and leaf growth. Here, we use a combination of transcript profiling and genetic and phylogenetic analyses to investigate tasselsheath1 (tsh1) and tsh4, two maize genes that simultaneously suppress inflorescence leaf growth and promote branching. We identify a regulatory network of inflorescence leaf suppression that involves the phase change gene tsh4 upstream of tsh1 and the ligule identity gene liguleless2 (lg2). We also find that a series of duplications in the tsh1 gene lineage facilitated its shift from boundary domain in nongrasses to suppressed inflorescence leaves of grasses. Collectively, these results suggest that the boundary domain genes tsh1 and lg2 were recruited to inflorescence leaves where they suppress growth and regulate a nonautonomous signaling center that promotes inflorescence branching, an important component of yield in cereal grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Jinyan Guo
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Annis Richardson
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Erin Patterson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sidney Mangrum
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Seth Bybee
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Madelaine Bartlett
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - George Chuck
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Scanlon
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Clinton Whipple
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Coupel‐Ledru A, Pallas B, Delalande M, Segura V, Guitton B, Muranty H, Durel C, Regnard J, Costes E. Tree architecture, light interception and water-use related traits are controlled by different genomic regions in an apple tree core collection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:209-226. [PMID: 35023155 PMCID: PMC9305758 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tree architecture shows large genotypic variability, but how this affects water-deficit responses is poorly understood. To assess the possibility of reaching ideotypes with adequate combinations of architectural and functional traits in the face of climate change, we combined high-throughput field phenotyping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on an apple tree (Malus domestica) core-collection. We used terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) scanning and airborne multispectral and thermal imagery to monitor tree architecture, canopy shape, light interception, vegetation indices and transpiration on 241 apple cultivars submitted to progressive field soil drying. GWAS was performed with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-by-SNP and multi-SNP methods. Large phenotypic and genetic variability was observed for all traits examined within the collection, especially canopy surface temperature in both well-watered and water deficit conditions, suggesting control of water loss was largely genotype-dependent. Robust genomic associations revealed independent genetic control for the architectural and functional traits. Screening associated genomic regions revealed candidate genes involved in relevant pathways for each trait. We show that multiple allelic combinations exist for all studied traits within this collection. This opens promising avenues to jointly optimize tree architecture, light interception and water use in breeding strategies. Genotypes carrying favourable alleles depending on environmental scenarios and production objectives could thus be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Coupel‐Ledru
- AGAP InstitutUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Benoît Pallas
- AGAP InstitutUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Magalie Delalande
- AGAP InstitutUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Vincent Segura
- AGAP InstitutUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Baptiste Guitton
- AGAP InstitutUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Hélène Muranty
- IRHSSFR QuaSaVUniversité d’Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE49000AngersFrance
| | - Charles‐Eric Durel
- IRHSSFR QuaSaVUniversité d’Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE49000AngersFrance
| | - Jean‐Luc Regnard
- AGAP InstitutUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Evelyne Costes
- AGAP InstitutUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
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14
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Niu X, Fu D. The Roles of BLH Transcription Factors in Plant Development and Environmental Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3731. [PMID: 35409091 PMCID: PMC8998993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in plant molecular biology and biotechnology, providing enough, and safe, food for an increasing world population remains a challenge. The research into plant development and environmental adaptability has attracted more and more attention from various countries. The transcription of some genes, regulated by transcript factors (TFs), and their response to biological and abiotic stresses, are activated or inhibited during plant development; examples include, rooting, flowering, fruit ripening, drought, flooding, high temperature, pathogen infection, etc. Therefore, the screening and characterization of transcription factors have increasingly become a hot topic in the field of plant research. BLH/BELL (BEL1-like homeodomain) transcription factors belong to a subfamily of the TALE (three-amino-acid-loop-extension) superfamily and its members are involved in the regulation of many vital biological processes, during plant development and environmental response. This review focuses on the advances in our understanding of the function of BLH/BELL TFs in different plants and their involvement in the development of meristems, flower, fruit, plant morphogenesis, plant cell wall structure, the response to the environment, including light and plant resistance to stress, biosynthesis and signaling of ABA (Abscisic acid), IAA (Indoleacetic acid), GA (Gibberellic Acid) and JA (Jasmonic Acid). We discuss the theoretical basis and potential regulatory models for BLH/BELL TFs' action and provide a comprehensive view of their multiple roles in modulating different aspects of plant development and response to environmental stress and phytohormones. We also present the value of BLHs in the molecular breeding of improved crop varieties and the future research direction of the BLH gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daqi Fu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
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15
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He Y, Yang T, Yan S, Niu S, Zhang Y. Identification and characterization of the BEL1-like genes reveal their potential roles in plant growth and abiotic stress response in tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:193-205. [PMID: 34995657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BEL1-like (BELL) transcription factors, belonging to three-amino acid-loop-extension (TALE) superfamily, are ubiquitous in plants. BELLs regulate a wide range of plant biological processes, but the understanding of the BELL family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) remains fragmentary. In this study, a total of 14 members of the SlBELL family were identified in tomato. SlBELL proteins contained the conserved BELL and SKY domains that served as typical structures of the BELL family. Syntenic analysis indicated that the BELL orthologs between tomato and other dicots had close evolutionary relationships. Furthermore, the promoters of SlBELLs contained numerous cis-elements related to plant growth, development, and stress response. The SlBELL genes exhibited different tissue-specific expression profiles and responded to cold, heat, and drought stresses, implying their potential functions in regulating multiple aspects of plant growth, as well as in response to abiotic stresses. Through the interaction network prediction, we found that most SlBELL proteins displayed probable interactions with the KNOTTED1-like (KNOX) proteins, another kind of transcription factor in the TALE superfamily. These findings laid foundations for further dissection of the functions of SlBELL genes in tomato, as well as for exploration of the evolutionary relationships of BELL homologs among different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Siwei Yan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shaobo Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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16
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Luo Z, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. The molecular and genetic regulation of shoot branching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1033-1044. [PMID: 33616657 PMCID: PMC8566252 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of flowering plants exhibits both phenotypic diversity and plasticity, determined, in part, by the number and activity of axillary meristems and, in part, by the growth characteristics of the branches that develop from the axillary buds. The plasticity of shoot branching results from a combination of various intrinsic and genetic elements, such as number and position of nodes and type of growth phase, as well as environmental signals such as nutrient availability, light characteristics, and temperature (Napoli et al., 1998; Bennett and Leyser, 2006; Janssen et al., 2014; Teichmann and Muhr, 2015; Ueda and Yanagisawa, 2019). Axillary meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth are controlled by a complex and interconnected regulatory network. Although many of the genes and hormones that modulate branching patterns have been discovered and characterized through genetic and biochemical studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the control mechanisms at play. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the control of axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth into a branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
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17
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Zeng RF, Zhou H, Fu LM, Yan Z, Ye LX, Hu SF, Gan ZM, Ai XY, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Two citrus KNAT-like genes, CsKN1 and CsKN2, are involved in the regulation of spring shoot development in sweet orange. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7002-7019. [PMID: 34185082 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Shoot-tip abortion is a very common phenomenon in some perennial woody plants and it affects the height, architecture, and branch orientation of trees; however, little is currently known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we identified a gene in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) encoding a KNAT-like protein (CsKN1) and found high expression in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpression of CsKN1 in transgenic plants prolonged the vegetative growth of SAMs, whilst silencing resulted in either the loss or inhibition of SAMs. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that CsKN1 interacted with another citrus KNAT-like protein (CsKN2), and overexpression of CsKN2 in lemon and tobacco caused an extreme multiple-meristem phenotype. Overexpression of CsKN1 and CsKN2 in transgenic plants resulted in the differential expression of numerous genes related to hormone biosynthesis and signaling. Yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that the CsKN1-CsKN2 complex can bind to the promoter of citrus floral meristem gene LEAFY (CsLFY) and inhibit its expression. These results indicated that CsKN1 might prolong the vegetative growth period of SAMs by delaying flowering. In addition, an ethylene-responsive factor (CsERF) was found to bind to the CsKN1 promoter and suppresses its transcription. Overexpression of CsERF in Arabidopsis increased the contents of ethylene and reactive oxygen species, which might induce the occurrence of shoot-tip abscission. On the basis of our results, we conclude that CsKN1 and CsKN2 might work cooperatively to regulate the shoot-tip abscission process in spring shoots of sweet orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ming Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Xia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ai
- Institute of Pomology and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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VPB1 Encoding BELL-like Homeodomain Protein Is Involved in Rice Panicle Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157909. [PMID: 34360677 PMCID: PMC8348756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflorescence architecture in rice (Oryza sativa) is mainly determined by spikelets and the branch arrangement. Primary branches initiate from inflorescence meristem in a spiral phyllotaxic manner, and further develop into the panicle branches. The branching patterns contribute largely to rice production. In this study, we characterized a rice verticillate primary branch 1(vpb1) mutant, which exhibited a clustered primary branches phenotype. Gene isolation revealed that VPB1 was a allele of RI, that it encoded a BELL-like homeodomain (BLH) protein. VPB1 gene preferentially expressed in the inflorescence and branch meristems. The arrangement of primary branch meristems was disturbed in the vpb1 mutant. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that VPB1 affected the expression of some genes involved in inflorescence meristem identity and hormone signaling pathways. In addition, the differentially expressed gene (DEG) promoter analysis showed that OsBOPs involved in boundary organ initiation were potential target genes of VPB1 protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter system further verified that VPB1 protein bound to the promoter of OsBOP1 gene. Overall, our findings demonstrate that VPB1 controls inflorescence architecture by regulating the expression of genes involved in meristem maintenance and hormone pathways and by interacting with OsBOP genes.
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19
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Disengagement of light responses in Arabidopsis by localized developmental factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106291118. [PMID: 33927047 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106291118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Ejaz M, Bencivenga S, Tavares R, Bush M, Sablowski R. ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE 1 controls plant architecture by locally restricting environmental responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018615118. [PMID: 33888582 PMCID: PMC8092594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018615118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity and environmental plasticity of plant growth results from variations of repetitive modules, such as the basic shoot units made of a leaf, axillary bud, and internode. Internode elongation is regulated both developmentally and in response to environmental conditions, such as light quality, but the integration of internal and environmental signals is poorly understood. Here, we show that the compressed rosette growth habit of Arabidopsis is maintained by the convergent activities of the organ boundary gene ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE 1 (ATH1) and of the gibberellin-signaling DELLA genes. Combined loss of ATH1 and DELLA function activated stem development during the vegetative phase and changed the growth habit from rosette to caulescent. Chromatin immunoprecipitation high-throughput sequencing and genetic analysis indicated that ATH1 and the DELLA gene REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 (RGA) converge on the regulation of light responses, including the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIF) pathway, and showed that the ATH1 input is mediated in part by direct activation of BLADE ON PETIOLE (BOP1 and BOP2) genes, whose products destabilize PIF proteins. We conclude that an organ-patterning gene converges with hormone signaling to spatially restrict environmental responses and establish a widespread type of plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Ejaz
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Bencivenga
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Tavares
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Max Bush
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sablowski
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
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21
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Bhatia S, Kumar H, Mahajan M, Yadav S, Saini P, Yadav S, Sahu SK, Sundaram JK, Yadav RK. A cellular expression map of epidermal and subepidermal cell layer-enriched transcription factor genes integrated with the regulatory network in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00306. [PMID: 33748654 PMCID: PMC7970154 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional control of gene expression is an exquisitely regulated process in both animals and plants. Transcription factors (TFs) and the regulatory networks that drive the expression of TF genes in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in Arabidopsis are unexplored. Here, we identified 65 TF genes enriched in the epidermal and subepidermal cell layers of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). To determine the cell type specificity in different stages of Arabidopsis development, we made YFP based transcriptional fusion constructs by taking a 3-kb upstream noncoding region above the translation start site. Here, we report that for ~52% (22/42) TF genes, we detected transcription activity. TF genes derived from epidermis show uniform expression in early embryo development; however, in the late globular stage, their transcription activity is suppressed in the inner cell layers. Expression patterns linked to subepidermal cell layer identity were apparent in the postembryonic development. Potential upstream regulators that could modulate the activity of epidermal and subepidermal cell layer-enriched TF genes were identified using enhanced yeast-one-hybrid (eY1H) assay and validated. This study describes the activation of TF genes in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in embryonic and postembryonic development of Arabidopsis shoot apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bhatia
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Monika Mahajan
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Sonal Yadav
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Prince Saini
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Sangram Keshari Sahu
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Jayesh Kumar Sundaram
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ram Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
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22
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Jeon HW, Byrne ME. SAW homeodomain transcription factors regulate initiation of leaf margin serrations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1738-1747. [PMID: 33247922 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves are the main photosynthetic organ of plants and they occur in an array of different shapes. Leaf shape is determined by morphogenesis whereby patterning of the leaf margin can result in interspaced leaf serrations, lobes, or leaflets, depending on the species, developmental stage, and in some instances the environment. In Arabidopsis, mutations in the homeodomain transcription factors SAW1 and SAW2 result in more prominent leaf margin serrations. Here we show that serrations appear precociously in the saw1 saw2 mutant. The pattern of auxin maxima, and of PIN1 and CUC2 expression, which form a feedback loop that drives serration outgrowth, is altered in saw1 saw2 and correlates with precocious serration initiation. SAW1 is not expressed in the outer epidermal cell layer where PIN1 convergence points generate auxin maxima. Instead, SAW1 is expressed on the adaxial side of the leaf and expression in this domain is sufficient for function. We suggest that SAW1 and SAW2 repress serration initiation and outgrowth by promoting the transition to a determinate fate in the leaf margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Woo Jeon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary E Byrne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Souza LA, Tavares R. Nitrogen and Stem Development: A Puzzle Still to Be Solved. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:630587. [PMID: 33659017 PMCID: PMC7917133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
High crop yields are generally associated with high nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. A growing tendency that is urgently demanding the adoption of precision technologies that manage N more efficiently, combined with the advances of crop genetics to meet the needs of sustainable farm systems. Among the plant traits, stem architecture has been of paramount importance to enhance harvest index in the cereal crops. Nonetheless, the reduced stature also brought undesirable effect, such as poor N-uptake, which has led to the overuse of N fertilizer. Therefore, a better understanding of how N signals modulate the initial and late stages of stem development might uncover novel semi-dwarf alleles without pleiotropic effects. Our attempt here is to review the most recent advances on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Anjos Souza
- Innovation Centre in Bioenergy and Grains, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tavares
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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24
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Du J, Lu S, Chai M, Zhou C, Sun L, Tang Y, Nakashima J, Kolape J, Wen Z, Behzadirad M, Zhong T, Sun J, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Functional characterization of PETIOLULE-LIKE PULVINUS (PLP) gene in abscission zone development in Medicago truncatula and its application to genetic improvement of alfalfa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:351-364. [PMID: 32816361 PMCID: PMC7868985 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops throughout the world. Maximizing leaf retention during the haymaking process is critical for achieving superior hay quality and maintaining biomass yield. Leaf abscission process affects leaf retention. Previous studies have largely focused on the molecular mechanisms of floral organ, pedicel and seed abscission but scarcely touched on leaf and petiole abscission. This study focuses on leaf and petiole abscission in the model legume Medicago truncatula and its closely related commercial species alfalfa. By analysing the petiolule-like pulvinus (plp) mutant in M. truncatula at phenotypic level (breakstrength and shaking assays), microscopic level (scanning electron microscopy and cross-sectional analyses) and molecular level (expression level and expression pattern analyses), we discovered that the loss of function of PLP leads to an absence of abscission zone (AZ) formation and PLP plays an important role in leaflet and petiole AZ differentiation. Microarray analysis indicated that PLP affects abscission process through modulating genes involved in hormonal homeostasis, cell wall remodelling and degradation. Detailed analyses led us to propose a functional model of PLP in regulating leaflet and petiole abscission. Furthermore, we cloned the PLP gene (MsPLP) from alfalfa and produced RNAi transgenic alfalfa plants to down-regulate the endogenous MsPLP. Down-regulation of MsPLP results in altered pulvinus structure with increased leaflet breakstrength, thus offering a new approach to decrease leaf loss during alfalfa haymaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityArdmoreOKUSA
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- School of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | | | | | - Jaydeep Kolape
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Morrison Microscopy Core Research FacilityCenter for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnNEUSA
| | - Zhaozhu Wen
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- College of AgricultureHunan Agricultural UniversityHunanChina
| | - Marjan Behzadirad
- Institute for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityArdmoreOKUSA
| | - Tianxiu Zhong
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juan Sun
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zeng‐Yu Wang
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
- Grassland Agri‐Husbandry Research CenterCollege of Grassland ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
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25
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Satterlee JW, Strable J, Scanlon MJ. Plant stem-cell organization and differentiation at single-cell resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33689-33699. [PMID: 33318187 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.25.267427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants maintain populations of pluripotent stem cells in shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which continuously produce new aboveground organs. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to achieve an unbiased characterization of the transcriptional landscape of the maize shoot stem-cell niche and its differentiating cellular descendants. Stem cells housed in the SAM tip are engaged in genome integrity maintenance and exhibit a low rate of cell division, consistent with their contributions to germline and somatic cell fates. Surprisingly, we find no evidence for a canonical stem-cell organizing center subtending these cells. In addition, trajectory inference was used to trace the gene expression changes that accompany cell differentiation, revealing that ectopic expression of KNOTTED1 (KN1) accelerates cell differentiation and promotes development of the sheathing maize leaf base. These single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the shoot apex yield insight into the processes of stem-cell function and cell-fate acquisition in the maize seedling and provide a valuable scaffold on which to better dissect the genetic control of plant shoot morphogenesis at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Satterlee
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Josh Strable
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Michael J Scanlon
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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26
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Abstract
Plants possess the remarkable ability to grow and produce new organs throughout their lifespan, owing to the activities of persistent populations of pluripotent stem cells within their meristematic tips. Here we isolated individual cells from the microscopic shoot apical meristem (SAM) of maize and provide single-cell transcriptomic analysis of a plant shoot meristem. This study enabled an unbiased analysis of the developmental genetic organization of the maize shoot apex and uncovered evolutionarily divergent and conserved signatures of SAM homeostasis. The fine-scale resolution of single-cell analysis was used to reconstruct the process of shoot cell differentiation, whereby stem cells acquire diverse and distinct cell fates over developmental time in wild-type and mutant maize seedlings. Plants maintain populations of pluripotent stem cells in shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which continuously produce new aboveground organs. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to achieve an unbiased characterization of the transcriptional landscape of the maize shoot stem-cell niche and its differentiating cellular descendants. Stem cells housed in the SAM tip are engaged in genome integrity maintenance and exhibit a low rate of cell division, consistent with their contributions to germline and somatic cell fates. Surprisingly, we find no evidence for a canonical stem-cell organizing center subtending these cells. In addition, trajectory inference was used to trace the gene expression changes that accompany cell differentiation, revealing that ectopic expression of KNOTTED1 (KN1) accelerates cell differentiation and promotes development of the sheathing maize leaf base. These single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the shoot apex yield insight into the processes of stem-cell function and cell-fate acquisition in the maize seedling and provide a valuable scaffold on which to better dissect the genetic control of plant shoot morphogenesis at the cellular level.
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27
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McKim SM. Moving on up - controlling internode growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:672-678. [PMID: 31955426 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant reproductive success depends on making fertile flowers but also upon developing appropriate shoot internodes that optimally arrange and support the flowering shoot. Compared to floral morphogenesis, we understand little about the networks directing internode growth during flowering. However, new studies reveal that long-range signals, local factors, and age-dependent micoRNA-networks are all important to harmonize internode morphogenesis with shoot development. Some of the same players modulate symplastic transport to seasonally regulate internode growth in perennial species. Exploring possible hierarchical control amongst symplastic continuity, age, systemic signals and local regulators during internode morphogenesis will help elucidate the mechanisms coordinating axial growth with the wider plant body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
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28
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Cao X, Wang J, Xiong Y, Yang H, Yang M, Ye P, Bencivenga S, Sablowski R, Jiao Y. A Self-Activation Loop Maintains Meristematic Cell Fate for Branching. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1893-1904.e4. [PMID: 32243852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In plants and animals, self-renewing stem cell populations play fundamental roles in many developmental contexts. Plants differ from most animals in their retained ability to initiate new cycles of growth and development, which relies on the establishment and activity of branch meristems. In seed plants, branching is achieved by stem-cell-containing axillary meristems, which are initiated from a leaf axil meristematic cell population originally detached from the shoot apical meristem. It remains unclear how the meristematic cell fate is maintained. Here, we show that ARABIDOPSISTHALIANAHOMEOBOXGENE1 (ATH1) maintains the meristem marker gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) expression in the leaf axil to enable meristematic cell fate maintenance. Furthermore, ATH1 protein interacts with STM protein to form a STM self-activation loop. Genetic and biochemical data suggest that ATH1 anchors STM to activate STM as well as other axillary meristem regulatory genes. This auto-regulation allows the STM locus to remain epigenetically active. Taken together, our findings provide a striking example of a self-activation loop that maintains the flexibility required for stem cell niche re-establishment during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peiyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Stefano Bencivenga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Robert Sablowski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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29
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Piya S, Liu J, Burch-Smith T, Baum TJ, Hewezi T. A role for Arabidopsis growth-regulating factors 1 and 3 in growth-stress antagonism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1402-1417. [PMID: 31701146 PMCID: PMC7031083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) belong to a small family of transcription factors that are highly conserved in plants. GRFs regulate many developmental processes and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Despite the importance of GRFs, a detailed mechanistic understanding of their regulatory functions is still lacking. In this study, we used ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify genome-wide binding sites of Arabidopsis GRF1 and GRF3, and correspondingly their direct downstream target genes. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that GRF1 and GRF3 regulate the expression of a significant number of the identified direct targets. The target genes unveiled broad regulatory functions of GRF1 and GRF3 in plant growth and development, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and the cell cycle. Our analyses also revealed that clock core genes and genes with stress- and defense-related functions are most predominant among the GRF1- and GRF3-bound targets, providing insights into a possible role for these transcription factors in mediating growth-defense antagonism and integrating environmental stimuli into developmental programs. Additionally, GRF1 and GRF3 target molecular nodes of growth-defense antagonism and modulate the levels of defense- and development-related hormones in opposite directions. Taken together, our results point to GRF1 and GRF3 as potential key determinants of plant fitness under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Present address: College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tessa Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Correspondence:
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30
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Satterlee JW, Scanlon MJ. Coordination of Leaf Development Across Developmental Axes. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100433. [PMID: 31652517 PMCID: PMC6843618 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are initiated as lateral outgrowths from shoot apical meristems throughout the vegetative life of the plant. To achieve proper developmental patterning, cell-type specification and growth must occur in an organized fashion along the proximodistal (base-to-tip), mediolateral (central-to-edge), and adaxial–abaxial (top-bottom) axes of the developing leaf. Early studies of mutants with defects in patterning along multiple leaf axes suggested that patterning must be coordinated across developmental axes. Decades later, we now recognize that a highly complex and interconnected transcriptional network of patterning genes and hormones underlies leaf development. Here, we review the molecular genetic mechanisms by which leaf development is coordinated across leaf axes. Such coordination likely plays an important role in ensuring the reproducible phenotypic outcomes of leaf morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Satterlee
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michael J Scanlon
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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31
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Kim J, Chun JP, Tucker ML. Transcriptional Regulation of Abscission Zones. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060154. [PMID: 31174352 PMCID: PMC6631628 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Precise and timely regulation of organ separation from the parent plant (abscission) is consequential to improvement of crop productivity as it influences both the timing of harvest and fruit quality. Abscission is tightly associated with plant fitness as unwanted organs (petals, sepals, filaments) are shed after fertilization while seeds, fruits, and leaves are cast off as means of reproductive success or in response to abiotic/biotic stresses. Floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis has been a useful model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the separation processes, and multiple abscission signals associated with the activation and downstream pathways have been uncovered. Concomitantly, large-scale analyses of omics studies in diverse abscission systems of various plants have added valuable insights into the abscission process. The results suggest that there are common molecular events linked to the biosynthesis of a new extracellular matrix as well as cell wall disassembly. Comparative analysis between Arabidopsis and soybean abscission systems has revealed shared and yet disparate regulatory modules that affect the separation processes. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of abscission in several different plants that has improved on the previously proposed four-phased model of organ separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyup Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jong-Pil Chun
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Mark L Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA Bldg. 006, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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32
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Wang Y, Salasini BC, Khan M, Devi B, Bush M, Subramaniam R, Hepworth SR. Clade I TGACG-Motif Binding Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors Mediate BLADE-ON-PETIOLE-Dependent Regulation of Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:937-951. [PMID: 30923069 PMCID: PMC6548253 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lateral organs formed by the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are separated from surrounding stem cells by regions of low growth called boundaries. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 represent a class of genes important for boundary patterning in land plants. Members of this family lack a DNA-binding domain and interact with TGACG-motif binding (TGA) basic Leu zipper (bZIP) transcription factors for recruitment to DNA. Here, we show that clade I bZIP transcription factors TGA1 and TGA4, previously associated with plant defense, are essential cofactors in BOP-dependent regulation of development. TGA1 and TGA4 are expressed at organ boundaries and function in the same genetic pathways as BOP1 and BOP2 required for SAM maintenance, flowering, and inflorescence architecture. Further, we show that clade I TGAs interact constitutively with BOP1 and BOP2, contributing to activation of ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1, which is needed for boundary establishment. These studies expand the functional repertoire of clade I TGA factors in development and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Brenda C Salasini
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Madiha Khan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Bhaswati Devi
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Michael Bush
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
| | - Shelley R Hepworth
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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33
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Yu Y. New Interacting Partners of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE in Regulation of Plant Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:697-698. [PMID: 31160524 PMCID: PMC6548281 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Yu
- Assistant Features Editor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
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34
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Zhao K, Zhang X, Cheng Z, Yao W, Li R, Jiang T, Zhou B. Comprehensive analysis of the three-amino-acid-loop-extension gene family and its tissue-differential expression in response to salt stress in poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:1-12. [PMID: 30639784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The three-amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) transcription factor gene family is widely present in plants and plays an important role in its growth and development. However, studies on the gene family are limited in poplar. In this study, we investigated 35 TALE gene family members in terms of their evolutionary relationship, classification, physicochemical properties, gene structures, and protein motifs. We divided the genes into four classes, based on their protein sequences similarity. The members from each class share similar gene structures and motif compositions. Evidence from transcript profiling indicated that the majority of the TALE genes exhibited distinct expression patterns over leaf, stem, and root tissues. Out of the 35 genes, 17 genes are highly expressed in stems, suggesting that the TALE gene family may play an important role in secondary growth and wood formation. Furthermore, out of the 35 genes, 11 genes are responsive to salt stress, and the spatio-temporal expression patterns of these 11 genes under salt stress were analysed using RT-qPCR. Yeast two-hybridization analysis indicated that poplar TALE proteins from different classes can form heterodimers. These results lay the foundation for future studies on biological functions of poplar TALE genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zihan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Renhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Boru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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35
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McKim SM. How plants grow up. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:257-277. [PMID: 30697935 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plant's lateral structures, such as leaves, branches and flowers, literally hinge on the shoot axis, making its integrity and growth fundamental to plant form. In all plants, subapical proliferation within the shoot tip displaces cells downward to extrude the cylindrical stem. Following the transition to flowering, many plants show extensive axial elongation associated with increased subapical proliferation and expansion. However, the cereal grasses also elongate their stems, called culms, due to activity within detached intercalary meristems which displaces cells upward, elevating the grain-bearing inflorescence. Variation in culm length within species is especially relevant to cereal crops, as demonstrated by the high-yielding semi-dwarfed cereals of the Green Revolution. Although previously understudied, recent renewed interest the regulation of subapical and intercalary growth suggests that control of cell division planes, boundary formation and temporal dynamics of differentiation, are likely critical mechanisms coordinating axial growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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36
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Gu C, Guo ZH, Cheng HY, Zhou YH, Qi KJ, Wang GM, Zhang SL. A HD-ZIP II HOMEBOX transcription factor, PpHB.G7, mediates ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening in peach. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 278:12-19. [PMID: 30471725 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox transcription factors belong to a superfamily that has been widely studied in plant growth and development, but little is known regarding their role in fruit development and ripening. Using a genome-wide expression analysis of homeobox (HB) genes and quantitative real-time PCR, a HD-ZIP II member, PpHB.G7, which presented higher levels of expression in ripening fruits than in developing fruits in all of the tested cultivars, was isolated from peach. Transient transformations showed that PpHB.G7 affects ethylene production and the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes (PpACS1 and PpACO1). Both dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that PpHB.G7 interacts with the promoters of PpACS1 and PpACO1. Thus, PpHB.G7 mediates ethylene biosynthesis by stimulating PpACS1 and PpACO1 activities. Furthermore, we also found that the other eight HB genes were differentially expressed in the developing fruits, with seven of these genes belonging to the HD-ZIP family. These results suggest that the HB genes in the HD-ZIP family play important roles in fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Guo
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cheng
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhou
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai-Jie Qi
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guo-Ming Wang
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Zhang L, Sun L, Zhang X, Zhang S, Xie D, Liang C, Huang W, Fan L, Fang Y, Chang Y. OFP1 Interaction with ATH1 Regulates Stem Growth, Flowering Time and Flower Basal Boundary Formation in Arabidopsis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9080399. [PMID: 30082666 PMCID: PMC6116164 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovate Family Protein1 (OFP1) is a regulator, and it is suspected to be involved in plant growth and development. Meanwhile, Arabidopsis Thaliana Homeobox (ATH1), a BEL1-like homeodomain (HD) transcription factor, is known to be involved in regulating stem growth, flowering time and flower basal boundary development in Arabidopsis. Previous large-scale yeast two-hybrid studies suggest that ATH1 possibly interact with OFP1, but this interaction is yet unverified. In our study, the interaction of OFP1 with ATH1 was verified using a directional yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Our results also demonstrated that the OFP1-ATH1 interaction is mainly controlled by the HD domain of ATH1. Meanwhile, we found that ATH1 plays the role of transcriptional repressor to regulate plant development and that OFP1 can enhance ATH1 repression function. Regardless of the mechanism, a putative functional role of ATH1-OFP1 may be to regulate the expression of the both the GA20ox1 gene, which is involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and control of stem elongation, and the Flowering Locus C (FLC) gene, which inhibits transition to flowering. Ultimately, the regulatory functional mechanism of OFP1-ATH1 may be complicated and diverse according to our results, and this work lays groundwork for further understanding of a unique and important protein⁻protein interaction that influences flowering time, stem development, and flower basal boundary development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Lili Sun
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Information Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Shuquan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Dongwei Xie
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Chunbo Liang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Wengong Huang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Yuyan Fang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Ying Chang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Liu L, Li C, Song S, Teo ZWN, Shen L, Wang Y, Jackson D, Yu H. FTIP-Dependent STM Trafficking Regulates Shoot Meristem Development in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2018; 23:1879-1890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Liu H, Yu H, Tang G, Huang T. Small but powerful: function of microRNAs in plant development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:515-528. [PMID: 29318384 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous noncoding small RNAs frequently 21 nucleotides long. miRNAs act as negative regulators of their target genes through sequence-specific mRNA cleavage, translational repression, or chromatin modifications. Alterations of the expression of a miRNA or its targets often result in a variety of morphological and physiological abnormalities, suggesting the strong impact of miRNAs on plant development. Here, we review the recent advances on the functional studies of plant miRNAs. We will summarize the regulatory networks of miRNAs in a series of developmental processes, including meristem development, establishment of lateral organ polarity and boundaries, vegetative and reproductive organ growth, etc. We will also conclude the conserved and species-specific roles of plant miRNAs in evolution and discuss the strategies for further elucidating the functional mechanisms of miRNAs during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Hongyang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Abstract
Abscission is a process in plants for shedding unwanted organs such as leaves, flowers, fruits, or floral organs. Shedding of leaves in the fall is the most visually obvious display of abscission in nature. The very shape plants take is forged by the processes of growth and abscission. Mankind manipulates abscission in modern agriculture to do things such as prevent pre-harvest fruit drop prior to mechanical harvesting in orchards. Abscission occurs specifically at abscission zones that are laid down as the organ that will one day abscise is developed. A sophisticated signaling network initiates abscission when it is time to shed the unwanted organ. In this article, we review recent advances in understanding the signaling mechanisms that activate abscission. Physiological advances and roles for hormones in abscission are also addressed. Finally, we discuss current avenues for basic abscission research and potentially lucrative future directions for its application to modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rahul Patharkar
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John C Walker
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Zhang L, Su W, Tao R, Zhang W, Chen J, Wu P, Yan C, Jia Y, Larkin RM, Lavelle D, Truco MJ, Chin-Wo SR, Michelmore RW, Kuang H. RNA sequencing provides insights into the evolution of lettuce and the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2264. [PMID: 29273740 PMCID: PMC5741661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Different horticultural types of lettuce exhibit tremendous morphological variation. However, the molecular basis for domestication and divergence among the different horticultural types of lettuce remains unknown. Here, we report the RNA sequencing of 240 lettuce accessions sampled from the major horticultural types and wild relatives, generating 1.1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Demographic modeling indicates that there was a single domestication event for lettuce. We identify a list of regions as putative selective sweeps that occurred during domestication and divergence, respectively. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify 5311 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) regulating the expression of 4105 genes, including nine eQTLs regulating genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. GWAS for leaf color detects six candidate loci responsible for the variation of anthocyanins in lettuce leaves. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the domestication and the accumulation of anthocyanins in lettuce, and will facilitate the breeding of cultivars with improved nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Su
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiongjiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dean Lavelle
- Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maria-Jose Truco
- Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sebastian Reyes Chin-Wo
- Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Richard W Michelmore
- Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hanhui Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Woerlen N, Allam G, Popescu A, Corrigan L, Pautot V, Hepworth SR. Repression of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE genes by KNOX homeodomain protein BREVIPEDICELLUS is essential for differentiation of secondary xylem in Arabidopsis root. PLANTA 2017; 245:1079-1090. [PMID: 28204875 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Repression of boundary genes by KNOTTED1-like homeodomain transcription factor BREVIPEDICELLUS promotes the differentiation of phase II secondary xylem in Arabidopsis roots. Plant growth and development relies on the activity of meristems. Boundaries are domains of restricted growth that separate forming organs and the meristem. Class I KNOX homeodomain transcription factors are important regulators of meristem maintenance. Members of this class including BREVIDICELLUS also called KNOTTED-LIKE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1 (BP/KNAT1) fulfill this function in part by spatially regulating boundary genes. The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem that allows for radial expansion of organs during secondary growth. We show here that BP/KNAT1 repression of boundary genes plays a crucial role in root secondary growth. In particular, exclusion of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1/2 (BOP1/2) and other members of this module from xylem is required for the differentiation of lignified fibers and vessels during the xylem expansion phase of root thickening. These data reveal a previously undiscovered role for boundary genes in the root and shed light on mechanisms controlling wood development in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Woerlen
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA, Agro Paris Tech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Gamalat Allam
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Adina Popescu
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA, Agro Paris Tech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laura Corrigan
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Véronique Pautot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA, Agro Paris Tech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Shelley R Hepworth
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Hodge JG, Kellogg EA. Abscission zone development in Setaria viridis and its domesticated relative, Setaria italica. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:998-1005. [PMID: 27257006 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Development of an abscission zone (AZ) is needed for dispersal of seeds, and AZ loss was a critical early step in plant domestication. The AZ forms in different tissues in different species of plants, but whether the AZ is developmentally similar wherever it occurs is unknown. AZ development in Setaria viridis was studied as a representative of the previously uncharacterized subfamily Panicoideae. METHODS One accession of the wild species S. viridis and two of its domesticate, S. italica, were studied. Strength of the AZ was measured with a force gauge. Anatomy of the AZ was studied throughout development using bright field and confocal microscopy. KEY RESULTS The force required to remove a spikelet of S. viridis from the parent plant dropped steadily during development, whereas that required to remove spikelets of S. italica increased initially before stabilizing at a high level. Despite the clear difference in tensile strength of the AZ, anatomical differences between S. viridis and S. italica were subtle, and the position of the AZ was not easy to determine in cross sections of pedicel apices. Staining with DAPI showed that nuclei were present up to and presumably through abscission in S. viridis, and acridine orange staining showed much less lignification than in other cereals. CONCLUSIONS The AZ in Setaria is developmentally and anatomically different from that characterized in rice, barley, and many eudicots. In particular, no set of small, densely cytoplasmic cells is obvious. This difference in anatomy could point to differential genetic control of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Hodge
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kellogg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 USA
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Groner WD, Christy ME, Kreiner CM, Liljegren SJ. Allele-Specific Interactions between CAST AWAY and NEVERSHED Control Abscission in Arabidopsis Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1588. [PMID: 27818674 PMCID: PMC5073242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An advantage of analyzing abscission in genetically tractable model plants is the ability to make use of classic genetic tools such as suppression analysis. We have investigated the regulation of organ abscission by carrying out suppression analysis in Arabidopsis flowers. Plants carrying mutations in the NEVERSHED (NEV) gene, which encodes an ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, retain their outer floral organs after fertilization. Mutant alleles of CAST AWAY (CST), which encodes a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, were found to restore organ abscission in nev flowers in an allele-specific manner. To further explore the basis of the interactions between CST and NEV, we tested whether the site of a nev mutation is predictive of its ability to be suppressed. Our results suggest instead that the strength of a nev allele influences whether organ abscission can be rescued by a specific allele of CST.
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45
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Kim J, Yang J, Yang R, Sicher RC, Chang C, Tucker ML. Transcriptome Analysis of Soybean Leaf Abscission Identifies Transcriptional Regulators of Organ Polarity and Cell Fate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 26925069 PMCID: PMC4756167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abscission, organ separation, is a developmental process that is modulated by endogenous and environmental factors. To better understand the molecular events underlying the progression of abscission in soybean, an agriculturally important legume, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of RNA isolated from the leaf abscission zones (LAZ) and petioles (Non-AZ, NAZ) after treating stem/petiole explants with ethylene for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. As expected, expression of several families of cell wall modifying enzymes and many pathogenesis-related (PR) genes specifically increased in the LAZ as abscission progressed. Here, we focus on the 5,206 soybean genes we identified as encoding transcription factors (TFs). Of the 5,206 TFs, 1,088 were differentially up- or down-regulated more than eight-fold in the LAZ over time, and, within this group, 188 of the TFs were differentially regulated more than eight-fold in the LAZ relative to the NAZ. These 188 abscission-specific TFs include several TFs containing domains for homeobox, MYB, Zinc finger, bHLH, AP2, NAC, WRKY, YABBY, and auxin-related motifs. To discover the connectivity among the TFs and highlight developmental processes that support organ separation, the 188 abscission-specific TFs were then clustered based on a >four-fold up- or down-regulation in two consecutive time points (i.e., 0 and 12 h, 12 and 24 h, 24 and 48 h, or 48 and 72 h). By requiring a sustained change in expression over two consecutive time intervals and not just one or several time intervals, we could better tie changes in TFs to a particular process or phase of abscission. The greatest number of TFs clustered into the 0 and 12 h group. Transcriptional network analysis for these abscission-specific TFs indicated that most of these TFs are known as key determinants in the maintenance of organ polarity, lateral organ growth, and cell fate. The abscission-specific expression of these TFs prior to the onset of abscission and their functional properties as defined by studies in Arabidopsis indicate that these TFs are involved in defining the separation cells and initiation of separation within the AZ by balancing organ polarity, roles of plant hormones, and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyup Kim
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Joonyup Kim
| | - Jinyoung Yang
- Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, USA
| | - Ronghui Yang
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, USA
| | - Richard C. Sicher
- Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, USA
| | - Caren Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Mark L. Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureBeltsville, MD, USA
- Mark L. Tucker
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Khan M, Ragni L, Tabb P, Salasini BC, Chatfield S, Datla R, Lock J, Kuai X, Després C, Proveniers M, Yongguo C, Xiang D, Morin H, Rullière JP, Citerne S, Hepworth SR, Pautot V. Repression of Lateral Organ Boundary Genes by PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH Is Essential for Meristem Maintenance and Flowering in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2166-86. [PMID: 26417006 PMCID: PMC4634066 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), endogenous and environmental signals acting on the shoot apical meristem cause acquisition of inflorescence meristem fate. This results in changed patterns of aerial development seen as the transition from making leaves to the production of flowers separated by elongated internodes. Two related BEL1-like homeobox genes, PENNYWISE (PNY) and POUND-FOOLISH (PNF), fulfill this transition. Loss of function of these genes impairs stem cell maintenance and blocks internode elongation and flowering. We show here that pny pnf apices misexpress lateral organ boundary genes BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1/2 (BOP1/2) and KNOTTED-LIKE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA6 (KNAT6) together with ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1 (ATH1). Inactivation of genes in this module fully rescues pny pnf defects. We further show that BOP1 directly activates ATH1, whereas activation of KNAT6 is indirect. The pny pnf restoration correlates with renewed accumulation of transcripts conferring floral meristem identity, including FD, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN LIKE genes, LEAFY, and APETALA1. To gain insight into how this module blocks flowering, we analyzed the transcriptome of BOP1-overexpressing plants. Our data suggest a central role for the microRNA156-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE-microRNA172 module in integrating stress signals conferred in part by promotion of jasmonic acid biosynthesis. These data reveal a potential mechanism by which repression of lateral organ boundary genes by PNY-PNF is essential for flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Laura Ragni
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Paul Tabb
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Brenda C Salasini
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Steven Chatfield
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Raju Datla
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - John Lock
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Xiahezi Kuai
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Charles Després
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Marcel Proveniers
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Cao Yongguo
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Daoquan Xiang
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Halima Morin
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Rullière
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Shelley R Hepworth
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
| | - Véronique Pautot
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 (M.K., P.T., B.C.S., S.Ch., J.L., S.R.H.);Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.R., H.M., J.-P.R., S.Ci., V.P.); Plant Biotechnology Institute,National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9 (R.D., C.Y., D.X.);Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 (X.K, C.D.); andMolecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, CH-3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.P.)
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Sablowski R. Control of patterning, growth, and differentiation by floral organ identity genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1065-73. [PMID: 25609826 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the different morphologies of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, all these floral organs are believed to be modified versions of a ground-state organ similar to the leaf. Modifications of the ground-state developmental programme are orchestrated by different combinations of MADS-domain transcription factors encoded by floral organ identity genes. In recent years, much has been revealed about the gene regulatory networks controlled by the floral organ identity genes and about the genetic pathways that control leaf development. This review examines how floral organ identity is connected with the control of morphogenesis and differentiation of shoot organs, focusing on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Direct links have emerged between floral organ identity genes and genes involved in abaxial-adaxial patterning, organ boundary formation, tissue growth, and cell differentiation. In parallel, predictive models have been developed to explain how the activity of regulatory genes can be coordinated by intercellular signalling and constrained by tissue mechanics. When combined, these advances provide a unique opportunity for revealing exactly how leaf-like organs have been 'metamorphosed' into floral organs during evolution and showing crucial regulatory points in the generation of plant form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sablowski
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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48
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Carretero-Paulet L, Chang TH, Librado P, Ibarra-Laclette E, Herrera-Estrella L, Rozas J, Albert VA. Genome-wide analysis of adaptive molecular evolution in the carnivorous plant Utricularia gibba. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:444-56. [PMID: 25577200 PMCID: PMC4350169 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of the bladderwort Utricularia gibba provides an unparalleled opportunity to uncover the adaptive landscape of an aquatic carnivorous plant with unique phenotypic features such as absence of roots, development of water-filled suction bladders, and a highly ramified branching pattern. Despite its tiny size, the U. gibba genome accommodates approximately as many genes as other plant genomes. To examine the relationship between the compactness of its genome and gene turnover, we compared the U. gibba genome with that of four other eudicot species, defining a total of 17,324 gene families (orthogroups). These families were further classified as either 1) lineage-specific expanded/contracted or 2) stable in size. The U. gibba-expanded families are generically related to three main phenotypic features: 1) trap physiology, 2) key plant morphogenetic/developmental pathways, and 3) response to environmental stimuli, including adaptations to life in aquatic environments. Further scans for signatures of protein functional specialization permitted identification of seven candidate genes with amino acid changes putatively fixed by positive Darwinian selection in the U. gibba lineage. The Arabidopsis orthologs of these genes (AXR, UMAMIT41, IGS, TAR2, SOL1, DEG9, and DEG10) are involved in diverse plant biological functions potentially relevant for U. gibba phenotypic diversification, including 1) auxin metabolism and signal transduction, 2) flowering induction and floral meristem transition, 3) root development, and 4) peptidases. Taken together, our results suggest numerous candidate genes and gene families as interesting targets for further experimental confirmation of their functional and adaptive roles in the U. gibba's unique lifestyle and highly specialized body plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carretero-Paulet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo
| | - Tien-Hao Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo
| | - Pablo Librado
- Departament de Genètica and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Langebio/Unidad de Genómica Avanzada UGA, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México Present address: Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Langebio/Unidad de Genómica Avanzada UGA, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Julio Rozas
- Departament de Genètica and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Hepworth SR, Pautot VA. Beyond the Divide: Boundaries for Patterning and Stem Cell Regulation in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1052. [PMID: 26697027 PMCID: PMC4673312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of plant lateral organs from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is closely associated with the formation of specialized domains of restricted growth known as the boundaries. These zones are required in separating the meristem from the growing primordia or adjacent organs but play a much broader role in regulating stem cell activity and shoot patterning. Studies have revealed a network of genes and hormone pathways that establish and maintain boundaries between the SAM and leaves. Recruitment of these pathways is shown to underlie a variety of processes during the reproductive phase including axillary meristems production, flower patterning, fruit development, and organ abscission. This review summarizes the role of conserved gene modules in patterning boundaries throughout the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley R. Hepworth
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, OttawaON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Shelley R. Hepworth, ; Véronique A. Pautot,
| | - Véronique A. Pautot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-SaclayVersailles, France
- *Correspondence: Shelley R. Hepworth, ; Véronique A. Pautot,
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50
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Gubert CM, Christy ME, Ward DL, Groner WD, Liljegren SJ. ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 regulates abscission zone placement in Arabidopsis flowers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:195. [PMID: 25038814 PMCID: PMC4223632 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sepals, petals and stamens of Arabidopsis flowers detach via abscission zones formed at their boundaries with the underlying receptacle. The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) MYB transcription factor plays a critical role in setting boundaries between newly formed leaf primordia and the shoot meristem. By repressing expression of a set of KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN (KNOX) genes from developing leaf primordia, AS1 and its partner ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 allow the patterning and differentiation of leaves to proceed. Here we show a unique role for AS1 in establishing the positions of the sepal and petal abscission zones in Arabidopsis flowers. RESULTS In as1 mutant flowers, the sepal abscission zones are displaced into inverted V-shaped positions, leaving behind triangular stubs of tissue when the organs abscise. Movement of the petal abscission zones is also apparent. Abscission of the medial sepals is delayed in as1 flowers; loss of chlorophyll in the senescing sepals contrasts with proximal zones that remain green. AS1 has previously been shown to restrict expression of the KNOX gene, BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP), from the sepals. We show here that loss of BP activity in as1 flowers is sufficient to restore the positions of the sepal and petal abscission zones, the sepal-receptacle boundary of the medial sepals and the timing of their abscission. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AS1 activity is critical for the proper placement of the floral organ abscission zones, and influences the timing of organ shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E Christy
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford 38677, MS, USA
| | - Denise L Ward
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford 38677, MS, USA
| | - William D Groner
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford 38677, MS, USA
| | - Sarah J Liljegren
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford 38677, MS, USA
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