1
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Bente H, Köhler C. Molecular basis and evolutionary drivers of endosperm-based hybridization barriers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:155-169. [PMID: 38298124 PMCID: PMC11060687 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The endosperm, a transient seed tissue, plays a pivotal role in supporting embryo growth and germination. This unique feature sets flowering plants apart from gymnosperms, marking an evolutionary innovation in the world of seed-bearing plants. Nevertheless, the importance of the endosperm extends beyond its role in providing nutrients to the developing embryo by acting as a versatile protector, preventing hybridization events between distinct species and between individuals with different ploidy. This phenomenon centers on growth and differentiation of the endosperm and the speed at which both processes unfold. Emerging studies underscore the important role played by type I MADS-box transcription factors, including the paternally expressed gene PHERES1. These factors, along with downstream signaling pathways involving auxin and abscisic acid, are instrumental in regulating endosperm development and, consequently, the establishment of hybridization barriers. Moreover, mutations in various epigenetic regulators mitigate these barriers, unveiling a complex interplay of pathways involved in their formation. In this review, we discuss the molecular underpinnings of endosperm-based hybridization barriers and their evolutionary drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Bente
- Department of Plant Reproductive Biology and Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Reproductive Biology and Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
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2
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Gonzalez JP, Frandsen KEH, Kesten C. The role of intrinsic disorder in binding of plant microtubule-associated proteins to the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:404-436. [PMID: 37578201 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) represent one of the main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and support numerous critical cellular functions. MTs are in principle tube-like structures that can grow and shrink in a highly dynamic manner; a process largely controlled by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Plant MAPs are a phylogenetically diverse group of proteins that nonetheless share many common biophysical characteristics and often contain large stretches of intrinsic protein disorder. These intrinsically disordered regions are determinants of many MAP-MT interactions, in which structural flexibility enables low-affinity protein-protein interactions that enable a fine-tuned regulation of MT cytoskeleton dynamics. Notably, intrinsic disorder is one of the major obstacles in functional and structural studies of MAPs and represents the principal present-day challenge to decipher how MAPs interact with MTs. Here, we review plant MAPs from an intrinsic protein disorder perspective, by providing a complete and up-to-date summary of all currently known members, and address the current and future challenges in functional and structural characterization of MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Perez Gonzalez
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Kesten
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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3
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Yoon J, Min CW, Kim J, Baek G, Kim D, Jang JW, Gupta R, Kim ST, Cho LH. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Deciphers the Molecular Mechanism for Endosperm Nuclear Division in Early Rice Seed Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3715. [PMID: 37960070 PMCID: PMC10650807 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying early seed development is important in improving the grain yield and quality of crop plants. We performed a comparative label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of developing rice seeds for the WT and osctps1-2 mutant, encoding a cytidine triphosphate synthase previously reported as the endospermless 2 (enl2) mutant in rice, harvested at 0 and 1 d after pollination (DAP) to understand the molecular mechanism of early seed development. In total, 5231 proteins were identified, of which 902 changed in abundance between 0 and 1 DAP seeds. Proteins that preferentially accumulated at 1 DAP were involved in DNA replication and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways. Notably, an increased abundance of OsCTPS1 was observed at 1 DAP; however, no such changes were observed at the transcriptional level. We further observed that the inhibition of phosphorylation increased the stability of this protein. Furthermore, in osctps1-2, minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins were significantly reduced compared with those in the WT at 1 DAP, and mutations in OsMCM5 caused defects in seed development. These results highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying early seed development in rice at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Gibeom Baek
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Dohyeon Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (J.W.J.)
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4
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McCartney B, Dudin O. Cellularization across eukaryotes: Conserved mechanisms and novel strategies. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 80:102157. [PMID: 36857882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Many eukaryotes form multinucleated cells during their development. Some cells persist as such during their lifetime, others choose to cleave each nucleus individually using a specialized cytokinetic process known as cellularization. What is cellularization and how is it achieved across the eukaryotic tree of life? Are there common pathways among all species supporting a shared ancestry, or are there key differences, suggesting independent evolutionary paths? In this review, we discuss common strategies and key mechanistic differences in how cellularization is executed across vastly divergent eukaryotic species. We present a number of novel methods and non-model organisms that may provide important insight into the evolutionary origins of cellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke McCartney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Omaya Dudin
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Creff A, Ali O, Bied C, Bayle V, Ingram G, Landrein B. Evidence that endosperm turgor pressure both promotes and restricts seed growth and size. Nat Commun 2023; 14:67. [PMID: 36604410 PMCID: PMC9814827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, as in animals, organ growth depends on mechanical interactions between cells and tissues, and is controlled by both biochemical and mechanical cues. Here, we investigate the control of seed size, a key agronomic trait, by mechanical interactions between two compartments: the endosperm and the testa. By combining experiments with computational modelling, we present evidence that endosperm pressure plays two antagonistic roles: directly driving seed growth, but also indirectly inhibiting it through tension it generates in the surrounding testa, which promotes wall stiffening. We show that our model can recapitulate wild type growth patterns, and is consistent with the small seed phenotype of the haiku2 mutant, and the results of osmotic treatments. Our work suggests that a developmental regulation of endosperm pressure is required to prevent a precocious reduction of seed growth rate induced by force-dependent seed coat stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Olivier Ali
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
| | - Camille Bied
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
| | - Benoit Landrein
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.
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6
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Kalanchoë Species during Plantlet Formation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131643. [PMID: 35807595 PMCID: PMC9268976 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Few species in the Kalanchoë genus form plantlets on their leaf margins as an asexual reproduction strategy. The limited molecular studies on plantlet formation show that an organogenesis ortholog, SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and embryogenesis genes, such as LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) and FUSCA3 are recruited during plantlet formation. To understand the mechanisms of two Kalanchoë plantlet-forming species with different modes of plantlet formation, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed. Differentially expressed genes between the developmental stages were clustered in K. daigremontiana (Raym.-Hamet and H. Perrier) and K. pinnata (Lam. Pers.), respectively. Of these gene clusters, GO terms that may be involved in plantlet formation of both species, such as signaling, response to wounding, reproduction, regulation of hormone level, and response to karrikin were overrepresented. Compared with the common GO terms, there were more unique GO terms overrepresented during the plantlet formation of each species. A more in-depth investigation is required to understand how these pathways are participating in plantlet formation. Nonetheless, this transcriptome analysis is presented as a reliable basis for future studies on plantlet formation and development in two Kalanchoë plantlet-forming species.
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7
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Wang W, Xiong H, Sun K, Zhang B, Sun MX. New insights into cell-cell communications during seed development in flowering plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:215-229. [PMID: 34473416 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of seeds is a major reason why flowering plants are a dominant life form on Earth. The developing seed is composed of two fertilization products, the embryo and endosperm, which are surrounded by a maternally derived seed coat. Accumulating evidence indicates that efficient communication among all three seed components is required to ensure coordinated seed development. Cell communication within plant seeds has drawn much attention in recent years. In this study, we review current knowledge of cross-talk among the endosperm, embryo, and seed coat during seed development, and highlight recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hanxian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kaiting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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8
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Pathak AK, Singh SP, Sharma R, Nath V, Tuli R. Transcriptome analysis at mid-stage seed development in litchi with contrasting seed size. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:47. [PMID: 35127302 PMCID: PMC8783947 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Litchi is a sub-tropical fruit crop with genotypes that bear fruits with variable seed size. Small seed size is a desirable trait in litchi, as it improves consumers' preference and facilitates fruit processing. Seed specific transcriptome analysis was performed in two litchi genotypes with contrasting seed size to identify the genes associated with seed development. The transcriptomic sequence data from seeds at mid-development stages (16-28 days after anthesis) were de-novo assembled into 1,39,608 Trinity transcripts. Out of these, 6325 transcripts expressed differentially between the two contrasting genotypes. Several putative genes for salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and brassinosteriod pathways were down-regulated in seeds of the small-seeded litchi. The putative regulators of seed maturation and seed storage were down-regulated in the small-seeded genotype. Embryogenesis, cell expansion, seed size and stress related Trinity transcripts exhibited differential expression. Further studies on gene characterization will reveal the early regulators of seed size in litchi. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03098-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K. Pathak
- grid.452674.60000 0004 1757 6145National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (DBT-NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India ,grid.261674.00000 0001 2174 5640Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sudhir P. Singh
- grid.452674.60000 0004 1757 6145National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (DBT-NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India ,grid.454774.1Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India
| | - Ritika Sharma
- grid.473732.6Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bioenergy, Jalandhar, India
| | - Vishal Nath
- grid.506047.0ICAR-National Research Centre of Litchi, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Rakesh Tuli
- grid.452674.60000 0004 1757 6145National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (DBT-NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India ,grid.261674.00000 0001 2174 5640Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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9
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Sablowski R, Gutierrez C. Cycling in a crowd: Coordination of plant cell division, growth, and cell fate. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:193-208. [PMID: 34498091 PMCID: PMC8774096 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The reiterative organogenesis that drives plant growth relies on the constant production of new cells, which remain encased by interconnected cell walls. For these reasons, plant morphogenesis strictly depends on the rate and orientation of both cell division and cell growth. Important progress has been made in recent years in understanding how cell cycle progression and the orientation of cell divisions are coordinated with cell and organ growth and with the acquisition of specialized cell fates. We review basic concepts and players in plant cell cycle and division, and then focus on their links to growth-related cues, such as metabolic state, cell size, cell geometry, and cell mechanics, and on how cell cycle progression and cell division are linked to specific cell fates. The retinoblastoma pathway has emerged as a major player in the coordination of the cell cycle with both growth and cell identity, while microtubule dynamics are central in the coordination of oriented cell divisions. Future challenges include clarifying feedbacks between growth and cell cycle progression, revealing the molecular basis of cell division orientation in response to mechanical and chemical signals, and probing the links between cell fate changes and chromatin dynamics during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crisanto Gutierrez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Romeiro Motta M, Zhao X, Pastuglia M, Belcram K, Roodbarkelari F, Komaki M, Harashima H, Komaki S, Kumar M, Bulankova P, Heese M, Riha K, Bouchez D, Schnittger A. B1-type cyclins control microtubule organization during cell division in Arabidopsis. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53995. [PMID: 34882930 PMCID: PMC8728612 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering plants contain a large number of cyclin families, each containing multiple members, most of which have not been characterized to date. Here, we analyzed the role of the B1 subclass of mitotic cyclins in cell cycle control during Arabidopsis development. While we reveal CYCB1;5 to be a pseudogene, the remaining four members were found to be expressed in dividing cells. Mutant analyses showed a complex pattern of overlapping, development-specific requirements of B1-type cyclins with CYCB1;2 playing a central role. The double mutant cycb1;1 cycb1;2 is severely compromised in growth, yet viable beyond the seedling stage, hence representing a unique opportunity to study the function of B1-type cyclin activity at the organismic level. Immunolocalization of microtubules in cycb1;1 cycb1;2 and treating mutants with the microtubule drug oryzalin revealed a key role of B1-type cyclins in orchestrating mitotic microtubule networks. Subsequently, we identified the GAMMA-TUBULIN COMPLEX PROTEIN 3-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (GIP1/MOZART) as an in vitro substrate of B1-type cyclin complexes and further genetic analyses support a potential role in the regulation of GIP1 by CYCB1s.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin’Ai Zhao
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
- Centre for Organismal Studies HeidelbergUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Martine Pastuglia
- Institute Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Katia Belcram
- Institute Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | | | - Maki Komaki
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohamaJapan
- Present address:
Solution Research LaboratoryAS ONE CorporationKawasakiJapan
| | - Shinichiro Komaki
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
- Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyNaraJapan
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Amity Institute of Genome EngineeringAmity University Uttar PradeshSector 125NoidaIndia
| | | | - Maren Heese
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Karel Riha
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - David Bouchez
- Institute Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
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11
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Song J, Xie X, Cui Y, Zou J. Endosperm-Embryo Communications: Recent Advances and Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112511. [PMID: 34834874 PMCID: PMC8625250 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed maturation depends on well-coordinated communications between the processes of endosperm and embryo development. The endosperm is considered to be destined to support embryo development and the timing of endosperm cellularization is critical for embryo growth. Recent findings suggest that the endosperm development and the onset of embryo maturation are two independent processes during seed development. Meanwhile, it is lately reported that several mobile regulators originating from the endosperm are needed to ensure proper embryo growth and seed maturation. In this opinion article, we highlight processes on how endosperm communicates with embryo during seed development and discuss some intriguing questions in light of the latest advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpu Song
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xin Xie
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada; (X.X.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yuhai Cui
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada; (X.X.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jitao Zou
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada;
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12
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Zhou YF, Zhang YC, Sun YM, Yu Y, Lei MQ, Yang YW, Lian JP, Feng YZ, Zhang Z, Yang L, He RR, Huang JH, Cheng Y, Liu YW, Chen YQ. The parent-of-origin lncRNA MISSEN regulates rice endosperm development. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6525. [PMID: 34764271 PMCID: PMC8585977 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cereal endosperm is a major factor determining seed size and shape. However, the molecular mechanisms of endosperm development are not fully understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function in various biological processes. Here we show a lncRNA, MISSEN, that plays an essential role in early endosperm development in rice (Oryza sativa). MISSEN is a parent-of-origin lncRNA expressed in endosperm, and negatively regulates endosperm development, leading to a prominent dent and bulge in the seed. Mechanistically, MISSEN functions through hijacking a helicase family protein (HeFP) to regulate tubulin function during endosperm nucleus division and endosperm cellularization, resulting in abnormal cytoskeletal polymerization. Finally, we revealed that the expression of MISSEN is inhibited by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification after pollination. Therefore, MISSEN is the first lncRNA identified as a regulator in endosperm development, highlighting the potential applications in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Meng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qi Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Zhao Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Rui He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Yoon J, Cho L, Kim S, Tun W, Peng X, Pasriga R, Moon S, Hong W, Ji H, Jung K, Jeon J, An G. CTP synthase is essential for early endosperm development by regulating nuclei spacing. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2177-2191. [PMID: 34058048 PMCID: PMC8541778 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grain endosperms are an important source of human nutrition. Nuclear division in early endosperm development plays a major role in determining seed size; however, this development is not well understood. We identified the rice mutant endospermless 2 (enl2), which shows defects in the early stages of endosperm development. These phenotypes arise from mutations in OsCTPS1 that encodes a cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS). Both wild-type and mutant endosperms were normal at 8 h after pollination (HAP). In contrast, at 24 HAP, enl2 endosperm had approximately 10-16 clumped nuclei while wild-type nuclei had increased in number and migrated to the endosperm periphery. Staining of microtubules in endosperm at 24 HAP revealed that wild-type nuclei were evenly distributed by microtubules while the enl2-2 nuclei were tightly packed due to their reduction in microtubule association. In addition, OsCTPS1 interacts with tubulins; thus, these observations suggest that OsCTPS1 may be involved in microtubule formation. OsCTPS1 transiently formed macromolecular structures in the endosperm during early developmental stages, further supporting the idea that OsCTPS1 may function as a structural component during endosperm development. Finally, overexpression of OsCTPS1 increased seed weight by promoting endosperm nuclear division, suggesting that this trait could be used to increase grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
- Department of Plant BioscienceCollege of Natural Resources and Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Lae‐Hyeon Cho
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
- Department of Plant BioscienceCollege of Natural Resources and Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Ryul Kim
- Gene Identification and Validation GroupGenetic Design and Validation UnitInternational Rice Research Institute (IRRI)Metro ManilaPhilippines
| | - Win Tun
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Xin Peng
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
- Institution of Genomics and BioinformaticsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Richa Pasriga
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Woo‐Jong Hong
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeonso Ji
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development AdministrationJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Ki‐Hong Jung
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Seong Jeon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
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14
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Plant CDKs-Driving the Cell Cycle through Climate Change. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091804. [PMID: 34579337 PMCID: PMC8468384 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a growing population, producing enough food has become a challenge in the face of the dramatic increase in climate change. Plants, during their evolution as sessile organisms, developed countless mechanisms to better adapt to the environment and its fluctuations. One important way is through the plasticity of their body and their forms, which are modulated during plant growth by accurate control of cell divisions. A family of serine/threonine kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) is a key regulator of cell divisions by controlling cell cycle progression. In this review, we compile information on the primary response of plants in the regulation of the cell cycle in response to environmental stresses and show how the cell cycle proteins (mainly the cyclin-dependent kinases) involved in this regulation can act as components of environmental response signaling cascades, triggering adaptive responses to drive the cycle through climate fluctuations. Understanding the roles of CDKs and their regulators in the face of adversity may be crucial to meeting the challenge of increasing agricultural productivity in a new climate.
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15
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Li J, Wang Y, Zou W, Jian L, Fu Y, Zhao J. AtNUF2 modulates spindle microtubule organization and chromosome segregation during mitosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:801-816. [PMID: 33993566 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The NDC80 complex is a conserved eukaryotic complex composed of four subunits (NUF2, SPC25, NDC80, and SPC24). In yeast and animal cells, the complex is located at the outer layer of the kinetochore, connecting the inner layer of the kinetochore and spindle microtubules (MTs) during cell division. In higher plants, the relationship of the NDC80 complex with MTs is still unclear. In this study, we characterized the biological function of AtNUF2, a subunit of the Arabidopsis NDC80 complex. We found that AtNUF2 is widely expressed in various organs, especially in different stages of embryonic development. It was verified that AtNUF2 co-localized with α-tubulin on MTs during mitosis by immunohistochemical assays. Mutation of AtNUF2 led to severe mitotic defects, not only in the embryo and endosperm, but also in seedlings, resulting in seed abortion and stagnating seedling growth. Furthermore, the biological function of AtNUF2 was studied using partially complemented nuf2-3/-DD45;ABI3pro::AtNUF2 (nuf2-3/-DA ) seedlings. The chromosome bridge and lagging chromatids occurred in nuf2-3/-DA root apical meristem cells, along with aberration of spindle MTs, resulting in blocked root growth. Meanwhile, the direct binding of AtNUF2 and AtSPC25 to MTs was determined by an MT co-sedimentation assay in vitro. This study revealed the function of AtNUF2 in mitosis and the underlying mechanisms, modulating spindle MT organization and ensuring chromosome segregation during embryo, endosperm, and root development, laying the foundation for subsequent research of the NDC80 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liufang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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16
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Xiong H, Wang W, Sun MX. Endosperm development is an autonomously programmed process independent of embryogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1151-1160. [PMID: 33793916 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of flowering plants contain three genetically distinct structures: the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. The embryo and endosperm need to interact and exchange signals to ensure coordinated growth. Accumulating evidence has confirmed that embryo growth is supported by the nourishing endosperm and regulated by signals originating from the endosperm. Available data also support that endosperm development requires communication with the embryo. Here, using single-fertilization mutants, Arabidopsis thaliana dmp8 dmp9 and gex2, we demonstrate that in the absence of a zygote and embryo, endosperm initiation, syncytium formation, free nuclear cellularization, and endosperm degeneration occur as in the wild type in terms of the cytological process and time course. Although rapid embryo expansion accelerates endosperm breakdown, our findings strongly suggest that endosperm development is an autonomously organized process, independent of egg cell fertilization and embryo-endosperm communication. This work confirms both the altruistic and self-directed nature of the endosperm during coordinated embryo-endosperm development. Our findings provide insights into the intricate interaction between the two fertilization products and will help to distinguish the physiological roles of the signaling between endosperm and embryo. These findings also open new avenues in agro-biotechnology for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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17
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Transcriptome Analyses Throughout Chili Pepper Fruit Development Reveal Novel Insights into the Domestication Process. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030585. [PMID: 33808668 PMCID: PMC8003350 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important crop, as well as a model for fruit development studies and domestication. Here, we performed a time-course experiment to estimate standardized gene expression profiles with respect to fruit development for six domesticated and four wild chili pepper ancestors. We sampled the transcriptomes every 10 days from flowering to fruit maturity, and found that the mean standardized expression profiles for domesticated and wild accessions significantly differed. The mean standardized expression was higher and peaked earlier for domesticated vs. wild genotypes, particularly for genes involved in the cell cycle that ultimately control fruit size. We postulate that these gene expression changes are driven by selection pressures during domestication and show a robust network of cell cycle genes with a time shift in expression, which explains some of the differences between domesticated and wild phenotypes.
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18
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Ma H, Xu L, Fu Y, Zhu L. Arabidopsis QWRF1 and QWRF2 Redundantly Modulate Cortical Microtubule Arrangement in Floral Organ Growth and Fertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634218. [PMID: 33634133 PMCID: PMC7901996 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral organ development is fundamental to sexual reproduction in angiosperms. Many key floral regulators (most of which are transcription factors) have been identified and shown to modulate floral meristem determinacy and floral organ identity, but not much is known about the regulation of floral organ growth, which is a critical process by which organs to achieve appropriate morphologies and fulfill their functions. Spatial and temporal control of anisotropic cell expansion following initial cell proliferation is important for organ growth. Cortical microtubules are well known to have important roles in plant cell polar growth/expansion and have been reported to guide the growth and shape of sepals and petals. In this study, we identified two homolog proteins, QWRF1 and QWRF2, which are essential for floral organ growth and plant fertility. We found severely deformed morphologies and symmetries of various floral organs as well as a significant reduction in the seed setting rate in the qwrf1qwrf2 double mutant, although few flower development defects were seen in qwrf1 or qwrf2 single mutants. QWRF1 and QWRF2 display similar expression patterns and are both localized to microtubules in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found altered cortical microtubule organization and arrangements in qwrf1qwrf2 cells, consistent with abnormal cell expansion in different floral organs, which eventually led to poor fertility. Our results suggest that QWRF1 and QWRF2 are likely microtubule-associated proteins with functional redundancy in fertility and floral organ development, which probably exert their effects via regulation of cortical microtubules and anisotropic cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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Tian R, Paul P, Joshi S, Perry SE. Genetic activity during early plant embryogenesis. Biochem J 2020; 477:3743-3767. [PMID: 33045058 PMCID: PMC7557148 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seeds are essential for human civilization, so understanding the molecular events underpinning seed development and the zygotic embryo it contains is important. In addition, the approach of somatic embryogenesis is a critical propagation and regeneration strategy to increase desirable genotypes, to develop new genetically modified plants to meet agricultural challenges, and at a basic science level, to test gene function. We briefly review some of the transcription factors (TFs) involved in establishing primary and apical meristems during zygotic embryogenesis, as well as TFs necessary and/or sufficient to drive somatic embryo programs. We focus on the model plant Arabidopsis for which many tools are available, and review as well as speculate about comparisons and contrasts between zygotic and somatic embryo processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tian
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, U.S.A
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, U.S.A
| | - Sanjay Joshi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, U.S.A
| | - Sharyn E. Perry
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, U.S.A
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20
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Sun S, Yi C, Ma J, Wang S, Peirats-Llobet M, Lewsey MG, Whelan J, Shou H. Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Transcriptome Profiles of Soybean ( Glycine max) Tissues during Early Seed Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7603. [PMID: 33066688 PMCID: PMC7589660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important crop providing oil and protein for both human and animal consumption. Knowing which biological processes take place in specific tissues in a temporal manner will enable directed breeding or synthetic approaches to improve seed quantity and quality. We analyzed a genome-wide transcriptome dataset from embryo, endosperm, endothelium, epidermis, hilum, outer and inner integument and suspensor at the global, heart and cotyledon stages of soybean seed development. The tissue specificity of gene expression was greater than stage specificity, and only three genes were differentially expressed in all seed tissues. Tissues had both unique and shared enriched functional categories of tissue-specifically expressed genes associated with them. Strong spatio-temporal correlation in gene expression was identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, with the most co-expression occurring in one seed tissue. Transcription factors with distinct spatiotemporal gene expression programs in each seed tissue were identified as candidate regulators of expression within those tissues. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment of orthogroup clusters revealed the conserved functions and unique roles of orthogroups with similar and contrasting expression patterns in transcript abundance between soybean and Arabidopsis during embryo proper and endosperm development. Key regulators in each seed tissue and hub genes connecting those networks were characterized by constructing gene regulatory networks. Our findings provide an important resource for describing the structure and function of individual soybean seed compartments during early seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (S.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Changyu Yi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia; (C.Y.); (M.P.-L.)
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (S.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Shoudong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
| | - Marta Peirats-Llobet
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia; (C.Y.); (M.P.-L.)
| | - Mathew G. Lewsey
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (S.S.); (J.M.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia; (C.Y.); (M.P.-L.)
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (S.S.); (J.M.)
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21
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Li W, Ge F, Qiang Z, Zhu L, Zhang S, Chen L, Wang X, Li J, Fu Y. Maize ZmRPH1 encodes a microtubule-associated protein that controls plant and ear height. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1345-1347. [PMID: 31696605 PMCID: PMC7206999 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fanghui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiquan Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuaisong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Centre of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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22
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Xu J, Lee YRJ, Liu B. Establishment of a mitotic model system by transient expression of the D-type cyclin in differentiated leaf cells of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1213-1220. [PMID: 31679162 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of plant cell division would greatly benefit from a fast, inducible system. Therefore, we aimed to establish a mitotic model by transiently expressing D-type cyclins in tobacco leaf cells. Two different D-type cyclins, CYCD3;1 and CYCD4;2 from Arabidopsis thaliana, were expressed by agrobacterial infiltration in the cells of expanded leaves in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Leaf pavement cells were examined after cyclin expression while target and reference (histone or tubulin) proteins were marked by fluorescent protein-tagging. Ectopic expression of the D-type cyclin induced pavement cells to re-enter cell division by establishing mitotic microtubule arrays. The induced leaf cells expressed M phase-specific genes of Arabidopsis encoding the mitotic kinase AtAurora 1, the microtubule-associated proteins AtEDE1 and AtMAP65-4, and the vesicle fusion protein AtKNOLLE by recognizing their genomic elements. Their distinct localizations at spindle poles (AtAurora1), spindle microtubules (AtEDE1), phragmoplast microtubules (AtMAP65-4) and the cell plate (AtKNOLLE) were indistinguishable from those in their native Arabidopsis cells. The dividing cells also revealed two rice (Oryza sativa) microtubule-associated proteins in the phragmoplast and uncovered a novel spindle-associated microtubule motor protein. Hence, this cell division-enabled leaf system predicts hypothesized cell cycle-dependent functions of heterologous genes by reporting the dynamics of encoded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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23
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An L, Tao Y, Chen H, He M, Xiao F, Li G, Ding Y, Liu Z. Embryo-Endosperm Interaction and Its Agronomic Relevance to Rice Quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587641. [PMID: 33424883 PMCID: PMC7793959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryo-endosperm interaction is the dominant process controlling grain filling, thus being crucial for yield and quality formation of the three most important cereals worldwide, rice, wheat, and maize. Fundamental science of functional genomics has uncovered several key genetic programs for embryo and endosperm development, but the interaction or communication between the two tissues is largely elusive. Further, the significance of this interaction for grain filling remains open. This review starts with the morphological and developmental aspects of rice grain, providing a spatial and temporal context. Then, it offers a comprehensive and integrative view of this intercompartmental interaction, focusing on (i) apoplastic nutrient flow from endosperm to the developing embryo, (ii) dependence of embryo development on endosperm, (iii) regulation of endosperm development by embryo, and (iv) bidirectional dialogues between embryo and endosperm. From perspective of embryo-endosperm interaction, the mechanisms underlying the complex quality traits are explored, with grain chalkiness as an example. The review ends with three open questions with scientific and agronomic importance that should be addressed in the future. Notably, current knowledge and future prospects of this hot research topic are reviewed from a viewpoint of crop physiology, which should be helpful for bridging the knowledge gap between the fundamental plant sciences and the practical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu An
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjie He
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenghui Liu,
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24
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Dudin O, Ondracka A, Grau-Bové X, Haraldsen AA, Toyoda A, Suga H, Bråte J, Ruiz-Trillo I. A unicellular relative of animals generates a layer of polarized cells by actomyosin-dependent cellularization. eLife 2019; 8:49801. [PMID: 31647412 PMCID: PMC6855841 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, cellularization of a coenocyte is a specialized form of cytokinesis that results in the formation of a polarized epithelium during early embryonic development. It is characterized by coordinated assembly of an actomyosin network, which drives inward membrane invaginations. However, whether coordinated cellularization driven by membrane invagination exists outside animals is not known. To that end, we investigate cellularization in the ichthyosporean Sphaeroforma arctica, a close unicellular relative of animals. We show that the process of cellularization involves coordinated inward plasma membrane invaginations dependent on an actomyosin network and reveal the temporal order of its assembly. This leads to the formation of a polarized layer of cells resembling an epithelium. We show that this stage is associated with tightly regulated transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell adhesion. Hereby we demonstrate the presence of a self-organized, clonally-generated, polarized layer of cells in a unicellular relative of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaya Dudin
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrej Ondracka
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Grau-Bové
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Ab Haraldsen
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jon Bråte
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Wang W, Pan Q, Tian B, He F, Chen Y, Bai G, Akhunova A, Trick HN, Akhunov E. Gene editing of the wheat homologs of TONNEAU1-recruiting motif encoding gene affects grain shape and weight in wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:251-264. [PMID: 31219637 PMCID: PMC6851855 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grain size and weight are important components of a suite of yield-related traits in crops. Here, we showed that the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of TaGW7, a homolog of rice OsGW7 encoding a TONNEAU1-recruiting motif (TRM) protein, affects grain shape and weight in allohexaploid wheat. By editing the TaGW7 homoeologs in the B and D genomes, we showed that mutations in either of the two or both genomes increased the grain width and weight but reduced the grain length. The effect sizes of mutations in the TaGW7 gene homoeologs coincided with the relative levels of their expression in the B and D genomes. The effects of gene editing on grain morphology and weight traits were dosage dependent with the double-copy mutant showing larger effect than the respective single copy mutants. The TaGW7-centered gene co-expression network indicated that this gene is involved in the pathways regulating cell division and organ growth, also confirmed by the cellular co-localization of TaGW7 with α- and β-tubulin proteins, the building blocks of microtubule arrays. The analyses of exome capture data in tetraploid domesticated and wild emmer, and hexaploid wheat revealed the loss of diversity around TaGW7-associated with domestication selection, suggesting that TaGW7 is likely to play an important role in the evolution of yield component traits in wheat. Our study showed how integrating CRISPR-Cas9 system with cross-species comparison can help to uncover the function of a gene fixed in wheat for allelic variants targeted by domestication selection and select targets for engineering new gene variants for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Qianli Pan
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Fei He
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Yueying Chen
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Guihua Bai
- USDA‐ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitManhattanKSUSA
| | - Alina Akhunova
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
- Integrated Genomics FacilityKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Harold N. Trick
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Eduard Akhunov
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
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26
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O'Neill JP, Colon KT, Jenik PD. The onset of embryo maturation in Arabidopsis is determined by its developmental stage and does not depend on endosperm cellularization. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:286-301. [PMID: 30900325 PMCID: PMC6635039 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are dormant and desiccated structures, filled with storage products to be used after germination. These properties are determined by the maturation program, which starts, in Arabidopsis thaliana, mid-embryogenesis, at about the same time and developmental stage in all the seeds in a fruit. The two factors, chronological and developmental time, are closely entangled during seed development, so their relative contribution to the transition to maturation is not well understood. It is also unclear whether that transition is determined autonomously by each seed or whether it depends on signals from the fruit. The onset of maturation follows the cellularization of the endosperm, and it has been proposed that there exists a causal relationship between both processes. We explored all these issues by analyzing markers for maturation in Arabidopsis mutant seeds that develop at a slower pace, or where endosperm cellularization happens too early, too late, or not at all. Our data show that the developmental stage of the embryo is the key determinant of the initiation of maturation, and that each seed makes that transition autonomously. We also found that, in contrast with previous models, endosperm cellularization is not required for the onset of maturation, suggesting that this transition is independent of the hexose/sucrose ratio in the seed. Our observations indicate that the mechanisms that control endosperm cellularization, embryo growth, and embryo maturation act independently of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P O'Neill
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA, 17604-3003, USA
| | - Kristen T Colon
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA, 17604-3003, USA
| | - Pablo D Jenik
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA, 17604-3003, USA
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27
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Tian J, Kong Z. The role of the augmin complex in establishing microtubule arrays. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3035-3041. [PMID: 30882862 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-dependent microtubule nucleation occurs on the lateral surface of pre-existing microtubules and provides a highly efficient means of amplifying their populations and reorganizing their architectures. The γ‑tubulin ring complex serves as the template to initiate nascent microtubule polymerization. Augmin, a hetero-octameric protein complex, acts as a recruiting factor to target the γ‑tubulin ring complex to pre-existing microtubules and trigger new microtubule growth. Although microtubule-dependent microtubule nucleation has been extensively studied in both animal and plant cells, it remains unclear how the augmin complex assembles in plant cells, especially in cell-cycle-specific and cell-type-specific manners, and how its spatial structure orchestrates the nucleation geometry. In this review, we summarize the advances in knowledge of augmin-dependent microtubule nucleation and the regulation of its geometry, and highlight recent findings and emerging questions concerning the role of the augmin complex in establishing microtubule arrays and the cell-cycle-specific composition of augmin in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Lee YRJ, Liu B. Microtubule nucleation for the assembly of acentrosomal microtubule arrays in plant cells. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1705-1718. [PMID: 30681146 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary I. Introduction II. MT arrays in plant cells III. γ-Tubulin and MT nucleation IV. MT nucleation sites or flexible MTOCs in plant cells V. MT-dependent MT nucleation VI. Generating new MTs for spindle assembly VII. Generation of MTs for phragmoplast expansion during cytokinesis VIII. MT generation for the cortical MT array IX. MT nucleation: looking forward Acknowledgements References SUMMARY: Cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) have a multitude of functions including intracellular distribution of molecules and organelles, cell morphogenesis, as well as segregation of the genetic material and separation of the cytoplasm during cell division among eukaryotic organisms. In response to internal and external cues, eukaryotic cells remodel their MT network in a regulated manner in order to assemble physiologically important arrays for cell growth, cell proliferation, or for cells to cope with biotic or abiotic stresses. Nucleation of new MTs is a critical step for MT remodeling. Although many key factors contributing to MT nucleation and organization are well conserved in different kingdoms, the centrosome, representing the most prominent microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), disappeared during plant evolution as angiosperms lack the structure. Instead, flexible MTOCs may emerge on the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, and even organelles depending on types of cells and organisms and/or physiological conditions. MT-dependent MT nucleation is particularly noticeable in plant cells because it accounts for the primary source of MT generation for assembling spindle, phragmoplast, and cortical arrays when the γ-tubulin ring complex is anchored and activated by the augmin complex. It is intriguing what proteins are associated with plant-specific MTOCs and how plant cells activate or inactivate MT nucleation activities in spatiotemporally regulated manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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29
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Lorenz C, Brandt S, Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H, Heinzel N, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Braun HP, Hildebrandt TM. The Role of Persulfide Metabolism During Arabidopsis Seed Development Under Light and Dark Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1381. [PMID: 30283487 PMCID: PMC6156424 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur dioxygenase ETHE1 oxidizes persulfides in the mitochondrial matrix and is involved in the degradation of L-cysteine and hydrogen sulfide. ETHE1 has an essential but as yet undefined function in early embryo development of Arabidopsis thaliana. In leaves, ETHE1 is strongly induced by extended darkness and participates in the use of amino acids as alternative respiratory substrates during carbohydrate starvation. Thus, we tested the effect of darkness on seed development in an ETHE1 deficient mutant in comparison to the wild type. Since ETHE1 knock-out is embryo lethal, the knock-down line ethe1-1 with about 1% residual sulfur dioxygenase activity was used for this study. We performed phenotypic analysis, metabolite profiling and comparative proteomics in order to investigate the general effect of extended darkness on seed metabolism and further define the specific function of the mitochondrial sulfur dioxygenase ETHE1 in seeds. Shading of the siliques had no morphological effect on embryogenesis in wild type plants. However, the developmental delay that was already visible in ethe1-1 seeds under control conditions was further enhanced in the darkness. Dark conditions strongly affected seed quality parameters of both wild type and mutant plants. The effect of ETHE1 knock-down on amino acid profiles was clearly different from that found in leaves indicating that in seeds persulfide oxidation interacts with alanine and glycine rather than branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Sulfur dioxygenase deficiency led to defects in endosperm development possibly due to alterations in the cellularization process. In addition, we provide evidence for a potential role of persulfide metabolism in abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction in seeds. We conclude that the knock-down of ETHE1 causes metabolic re-arrangements in seeds that differ from those in leaves. Putative mechanisms that cause the aberrant endosperm and embryo development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Lorenz
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Saskia Brandt
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinzel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Tatjana M. Hildebrandt
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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30
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Tomaszewska P, Kosina R. Instability of endosperm development in amphiploids and their parental species in the genus Avena L. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1145-1158. [PMID: 29789885 PMCID: PMC6060836 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of oat endosperm is modified by chromatin and nuclei elimination, intrusive growth of cell walls, and polyploidisation of cell clones. The last event is correlated with somatic crossing-over. Grass endosperm is a variable tissue in terms of its cytogenetics and development. Free-nuclear syncytium and starchy and aleurone endosperm were the main focus of the research. These were studied in oat amphiploids (4x, 6x, and 8x) and parental species (2x, 4x, and 6x). What the levels of cytogenetic disorders and developmental anomalies in species versus hybrids are, and, what the factors are determining phenotypes of both tissue components, are open questions for oats. Chromosome bridges and micronuclei are the main cytogenetic disorders showing the elimination of parts of genomes. Bridges are formed by the AT-heterochromatin-rich and -free ends of chromosomes. In the starchy tissue, various sectors are separated structurally due to the elongation or intrusive growth of aleurone cells. The development of the aleurone layer is highly disturbed locally due to the amplification of aleurone cell divisions. Changes related to their structure and metabolism occur in the aleurone cells, for example, clones of small versus large aleurone cells. Somatic crossing-over (SCO) is expressed in clones of large polyploidised cells (r = 0.80***), giving rise to new aleurone phenotypes. The multivariate description of the endosperm instability showed that endospermal disorders were more frequent in amphiploids than in the oat species. Avena strigosa and the amphiploid A. fatua × A. sterilis appeared to be extreme units in an ordination space. Nuclear DNA elimination, periclinal and multidirectional cytokineses, polyploidisation, intrusive growth, and SCO appeared to be important factors determining oat endospermal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Tomaszewska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Romuald Kosina
- Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Mitotic cell division in plants is a dynamic process playing a key role in plant morphogenesis, growth, and development. Since progress of mitosis is highly sensitive to external stresses, documentation of mitotic cell division in living plants requires fast and gentle live-cell imaging microscopy methods and suitable sample preparation procedures. This chapter describes, both theoretically and practically, currently used advanced microscopy methods for the live-cell visualization of the entire process of plant mitosis. These methods include microscopy modalities based on spinning disk, Airyscan confocal laser scanning, structured illumination, and light-sheet bioimaging of tissues or whole plant organs with diverse spatiotemporal resolution. Examples are provided from studies of mitotic cell division using microtubule molecular markers in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and from deep imaging of mitotic microtubules in robust plant samples, such as legume crop species Medicago sativa.
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32
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Sim JS, Kesawat MS, Kumar M, Kim SY, Mani V, Subramanian P, Park S, Lee CM, Kim SR, Hahn BS. Lack of the α1,3-Fucosyltransferase Gene ( Osfuct) Affects Anther Development and Pollen Viability in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041225. [PMID: 29670011 PMCID: PMC5979348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is one of the key post-translational modifications. α1,3-Fucosyltransferase (OsFucT) is responsible for transferring α1,3-linked fucose residues to the glycoprotein N-glycan in plants. We characterized an Osfuct mutant that displayed pleiotropic developmental defects, such as impaired anther and pollen development, diminished growth, shorter plant height, fewer tillers, and shorter panicle length and internodes under field conditions. In addition, the anthers were curved, the pollen grains were shriveled, and pollen viability and pollen number per anther decreased dramatically in the mutant. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analyses of the N-glycans revealed that α1,3-fucose was lacking in the N-glycan structure of the mutant. Mutant complementation revealed that the phenotype was caused by loss of Osfuct function. Transcriptome profiling also showed that several genes essential for plant developmental processes were significantly altered in the mutant, including protein kinases, transcription factors, genes involved in metabolism, genes related to protein synthesis, and hypothetical proteins. Moreover, the mutant exhibited sensitivity to an increased concentration of salt. This study facilitates a further understanding of the function of genes mediating N-glycan modification and anther and pollen development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Soo Sim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Mahipal Singh Kesawat
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Vimalraj Mani
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Parthiban Subramanian
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Soyoung Park
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Chang-Muk Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
| | - Bum-Soo Hahn
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
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33
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Lee YRJ, Hiwatashi Y, Hotta T, Xie T, Doonan JH, Liu B. The Mitotic Function of Augmin Is Dependent on Its Microtubule-Associated Protein Subunit EDE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3891-3897.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Endosperm-based hybridization barriers explain the pattern of gene flow between Arabidopsis lyrata and Arabidopsis arenosa in Central Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1027-E1035. [PMID: 28115687 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the biological species concept, two species are considered distinct if reproductive barriers prevent gene flow between them. In Central Europe, the diploid species Arabidopsis lyrata and Arabidopsis arenosa are genetically isolated, thus fitting this concept as "good species." Nonetheless, interspecific gene flow involving their tetraploid forms has been described. The reasons for this ploidy-dependent reproductive isolation remain unknown. Here, we show that hybridization between diploid A. lyrata and A. arenosa causes mainly inviable seed formation, revealing a strong postzygotic reproductive barrier separating these two species. Although viability of hybrid seeds was impaired in both directions of hybridization, the cause for seed arrest differed. Hybridization of A. lyrata seed parents with A. arenosa pollen donors resulted in failure of endosperm cellularization, whereas the endosperm of reciprocal hybrids cellularized precociously. Endosperm cellularization failure in both hybridization directions is likely causal for the embryo arrest. Importantly, natural tetraploid A. lyrata was able to form viable hybrid seeds with diploid and tetraploid A. arenosa, associated with the reestablishment of normal endosperm cellularization. Conversely, the defects of hybrid seeds between tetraploid A. arenosa and diploid A. lyrata were aggravated. According to these results, we hypothesize that a tetraploidization event in A. lyrata allowed the production of viable hybrid seeds with A. arenosa, enabling gene flow between the two species.
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35
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Transcriptional changes during ovule development in two genotypes of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) with contrast in seed size. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36304. [PMID: 27824099 PMCID: PMC5099886 DOI: 10.1038/srep36304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Litchi chinensis is a subtropical fruit crop, popular for its nutritional value and taste. Fruits with small seed size and thick aril are desirable in litchi. To gain molecular insight into gene expression that leads to the reduction in the size of seed in Litchi chinensis, transcriptomes of two genetically closely related genotypes, with contrasting seed size were compared in developing ovules. The cDNA library constructed from early developmental stages of ovules (0, 6, and 14 days after anthesis) of bold- and small-seeded litchi genotypes yielded 303,778,968 high quality paired-end reads. These were de-novo assembled into 1,19,939 transcripts with an average length of 865 bp. A total of 10,186 transcripts with contrast in expression were identified in developing ovules between the small- and large- seeded genotypes. A majority of these differences were present in ovules before anthesis, thus suggesting the role of maternal factors in seed development. A number of transcripts indicative of metabolic stress, expressed at higher level in the small seeded genotype. Several differentially expressed transcripts identified in such ovules showed homology with Arabidopsis genes associated with different stages of ovule development and embryogenesis.
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36
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Lafon-Placette C, Köhler C. Endosperm-based postzygotic hybridization barriers: developmental mechanisms and evolutionary drivers. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2620-9. [PMID: 26818717 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The endosperm is a nourishing tissue that serves to support embryo growth. Failure of endosperm development will ultimately cause embryo arrest and seed lethality, a phenomenon that is frequently observed upon hybridization of related plant species or species that differ in ploidy. Endosperm-based interspecies or interploidy hybridization barriers depend on the direction of the hybridization, causing nonreciprocal seed defects. This reveals that the parental genomes are not equivalent, implicating parent-of-origin specific genes generating this type of hybridization barrier. Recent work revealed that endosperm-based hybridization barriers are rapidly evolving. In this review, we discuss the developmental mechanisms causing hybrid seed lethality in angiosperms as well as the evolutionary forces establishing endosperm-based postzygotic hybridization barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lafon-Placette
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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37
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Jimenez-Lopez JC, Zienkiewicz A, Zienkiewicz K, Alché JD, Rodríguez-García MI. Biogenesis of protein bodies during legumin accumulation in developing olive (Olea europaea L.) seed. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:517-30. [PMID: 25994087 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Much of our current knowledge about seed development and differentiation regarding reserves synthesis and accumulation come from monocot (cereals) plants. Studies in dicotyledonous seeds differentiation are limited to a few species and in oleaginous species are even scarcer despite their agronomic and economic importance. We examined the changes accompanying the differentiation of olive endosperm and cotyledon with a focus on protein bodies (PBs) biogenesis during legumin protein synthesis and accumulation, with the aim of getting insights and a better understanding of the PBs' formation process. Cotyledon and endosperm undergo differentiation during seed development, where an asynchronous time-course of protein synthesis, accumulation, and differential PB formation patterns was found in both tissues. At the end of seed maturation, a broad population of PBs, particularly in cotyledon cells, was distinguishable in terms of number per cell and morphometric and cytochemical features. Olive seed development is a tissue-dependent process characterized by differential rates of legumin accumulation and PB formation in the main tissues integrating seed. One of the main features of the impressive differentiation process is the specific formation of a broad group of PBs, particularly in cotyledon cells, which might depend on selective accumulation and packaging of proteins and specific polypeptides into PBs. The nature and availability of the major components detected in the PBs of olive seed are key parameters in order to consider the potential use of this material as a suitable source of carbon and nitrogen for animal or even human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Jimenez-Lopez
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.
| | - Agnieszka Zienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Juan D Alché
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Maria I Rodríguez-García
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.
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38
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Xing MQ, Zhang YJ, Zhou SR, Hu WY, Wu XT, Ye YJ, Wu XX, Xiao YP, Li X, Xue HW. Global Analysis Reveals the Crucial Roles of DNA Methylation during Rice Seed Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1417-32. [PMID: 26145151 PMCID: PMC4528747 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed development is an important process of reproductive development and consists of embryo and endosperm development; both comprise several key processes. To determine and investigate the functions of the dynamic DNA methylome during seed development, we profiled the DNA methylation genome wide in a series of developmental stages of rice (Oryza sativa) embryo and endosperm by methylcytosine immunoprecipitation followed by Illumina sequencing. The results showed that embryo is hypermethylated predominantly around non-transposable element (TE) genes, short DNA-TEs, and short interspersed TEs compared with endosperm, and non-TE genes have the most diverse methylation status across seed development. In addition, lowly expressed genes are significantly enriched in hypermethylated genes, but not vice versa, confirming the crucial role of DNA methylation in suppressing gene transcription. Further analysis revealed the significantly decreased methylation at early developing stages (from 2 to 3 d after pollination), indicating a predominant role of demethylation during early endosperm development and that genes with a consistent negative correlation between DNA methylation change and expression change may be potentially directly regulated by DNA methylation. Interestingly, comparative analysis of the DNA methylation profiles revealed that both rice indica and japonica subspecies showed robust fluctuant profiles of DNA methylation levels in embryo and endosperm across seed development, with the highest methylation level at 6 d after pollination (2 d after pollination of endosperm in japonica as well), indicating that a complex and finely controlled methylation pattern is closely associated with seed development regulation. The systemic characterization of the dynamic DNA methylome in developing rice seeds will help us understand the effects and mechanism of epigenetic regulation in seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Qing Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Yi-Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Shi-Rong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Wen-Yan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Xue-Ting Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Ya-Jin Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Xiao-Xia Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Yun-Ping Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Xuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China (M.-Q.X., Y.-J.Z., S.-R.Z., W.-Y.H., X.-T.W., Y.-J.Y., X.L., H.-W.X.);College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China (X.-X.W.); andShanghai OEbiotech, 201210 Shanghai, China (Y.-P.X.)
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Kobayashi K, Suzuki T, Iwata E, Nakamichi N, Suzuki T, Chen P, Ohtani M, Ishida T, Hosoya H, Müller S, Leviczky T, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Darula Z, Iwamoto A, Nomoto M, Tada Y, Higashiyama T, Demura T, Doonan JH, Hauser MT, Sugimoto K, Umeda M, Magyar Z, Bögre L, Ito M. Transcriptional repression by MYB3R proteins regulates plant organ growth. EMBO J 2015; 34:1992-2007. [PMID: 26069325 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, temporal and spatial regulation of cell proliferation is central for generating organs with defined sizes and morphologies. For establishing and maintaining the post-mitotic quiescent state during cell differentiation, it is important to repress genes with mitotic functions. We found that three of the Arabidopsis MYB3R transcription factors synergistically maintain G2/M-specific genes repressed in post-mitotic cells and restrict the time window of mitotic gene expression in proliferating cells. The combined mutants of the three repressor-type MYB3R genes displayed long roots, enlarged leaves, embryos, and seeds. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that MYB3R3 binds to the promoters of G2/M-specific genes and to E2F target genes. MYB3R3 associates with the repressor-type E2F, E2FC, and the RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED proteins. In contrast, the activator MYB3R4 was in complex with E2FB in proliferating cells. With mass spectrometry and pairwise interaction assays, we identified some of the other conserved components of the multiprotein complexes, known as DREAM/dREAM in human and flies. In plants, these repressor complexes are important for periodic expression during cell cycle and to establish a post-mitotic quiescent state determining organ size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan JST, CREST, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eriko Iwata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihito Nakamichi
- WPI Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Poyu Chen
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hanako Hosoya
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sabine Müller
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tünde Leviczky
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Darula
- Laboratory of Proteomic Research, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Akitoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Nomoto
- Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- WPI Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - John H Doonan
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan JST, CREST, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary Royal Holloway, School of Biological Sciences, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway, School of Biological Sciences, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan JST, CREST, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Rebernig CA, Lafon-Placette C, Hatorangan MR, Slotte T, Köhler C. Non-reciprocal Interspecies Hybridization Barriers in the Capsella Genus Are Established in the Endosperm. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005295. [PMID: 26086217 PMCID: PMC4472357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition to selfing in Capsella rubella accompanies its recent divergence from the ancestral outcrossing C. grandiflora species about 100,000 years ago. Whether the change in mating system was accompanied by the evolution of additional reproductive barriers that enforced species divergence remained unknown. Here, we show that C. rubella and C. grandiflora are reproductively separated by an endosperm-based, non-reciprocal postzygotic hybridization barrier. While hybridizations of C. rubella maternal plants with C. grandiflora pollen donors resulted in complete seed abortion caused by endosperm cellularization failure, the reciprocal hybridization resulted in the formation of small seeds with precociously cellularized endosperm. Strikingly, the transcriptomic response of both hybridizations mimicked respectively the response of paternal and maternal excess hybridizations in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting unbalanced genome strength causes hybridization failure in both species. These results provide strong support for the theory that crosses between plants of different mating systems will be unbalanced, with the outcrosser behaving like a plant of increased ploidy, evoking a response that resembles an interploidy-type seed failure. Seed incompatilibity of C. rubella pollinated by C. grandiflora followed the Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model, involving negative genetic interaction of multiple paternal C. grandiflora loci with at least one maternal C. rubella locus. Given that both species only recently diverged, our data suggest that a fast evolving mechanism underlies the post-zygotic hybridization barrier(s) separating both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin A. Rebernig
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clément Lafon-Placette
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcelinus R. Hatorangan
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanja Slotte
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pogson BJ, Ganguly D, Albrecht-Borth V. Insights into chloroplast biogenesis and development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1017-24. [PMID: 25667967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years many advances have been made to obtain insight into chloroplast biogenesis and development. In plants several plastids types exist such as the proplastid (which is the progenitor of all plastids), leucoplasts (group of colourless plastids important for storage including elaioplasts (lipids), amyloplasts (starch) or proteinoplasts (proteins)), chromoplasts (yellow to orange-coloured due to carotenoids, in flowers or in old leaves as gerontoplasts), and the green chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are indispensable for plant development; not only by performing photosynthesis and thus rendering the plant photoautotrophic, but also for biochemical processes (which in some instances can also take place in other plastids types), such as the synthesis of pigments, lipids, and plant hormones and sensing environmental stimuli. Although we understand many aspects of these processes there are gaps in our understanding of the establishment of functional chloroplasts and their regulation. Why is that so? Even though chloroplast function is comparable in all plants and most of the algae, ferns and moss, detailed analyses have revealed many differences, specifically with respect to its biogenesis. As an update to our prior review on the genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis and development [1] herein we will focus on recent advances in Angiosperms (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants) that provide novel insights and highlight the challenges and prospects for unravelling the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis specifically during the establishment of the young plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diep Ganguly
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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42
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Lafon-Placette C, Köhler C. Epigenetic mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 23:39-44. [PMID: 25449725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid incompatibility is generally viewed as a consequence of negative epistatic interactions between alleles that do not cause negative fitness effects in their parents. Substantial evidence in support of the model has accumulated over recent years. Nevertheless, there is evidence that hybrid incompatibility can have an epigenetic basis and results from deregulated small RNAs (sRNAs), causing changes in DNA methylation and transposable element (TE) activation. Epigenetically regulated loci can impact on the expression of nearby located genes. Alteration of dosage-sensitive gene expression builds hybridization barriers in the endosperm; however, it may also offer an explanation for transgressive effects in plant hybrids. In this review we highlight recent advances that illuminate the role of epigenetic pathways in establishing hybrid incompatibility in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lafon-Placette
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hara T, Katoh H, Ogawa D, Kagaya Y, Sato Y, Kitano H, Nagato Y, Ishikawa R, Ono A, Kinoshita T, Takeda S, Hattori T. Rice SNF2 family helicase ENL1 is essential for syncytial endosperm development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:1-12. [PMID: 25327517 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The endosperm of cereal grains represents the most important source of human nutrition. In addition, the endosperm provides many investigatory opportunities for biologists because of the unique processes that occur during its ontogeny, including syncytial development at early stages. Rice endospermless 1 (enl1) develops seeds lacking an endosperm but carrying a functional embryo. The enl1 endosperm produces strikingly enlarged amoeboid nuclei. These abnormal nuclei result from a malfunction in mitotic chromosomal segregation during syncytial endosperm development. The molecular identification of the causal gene revealed that ENL1 encodes an SNF2 helicase family protein that is orthologous to human Plk1-Interacting Checkpoint Helicase (PICH), which has been implicated in the resolution of persistent DNA catenation during anaphase. ENL1-Venus (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)) localizes to the cytoplasm during interphase but moves to the chromosome arms during mitosis. ENL1-Venus is also detected on a thread-like structure that connects separating sister chromosomes. These observations indicate the functional conservation between PICH and ENL1 and confirm the proposed role of PICH. Although ENL1 dysfunction also affects karyokinesis in the root meristem, enl1 plants can grow in a field and set seeds, indicating that its indispensability is tissue-dependent. Notably, despite the wide conservation of ENL1/PICH among eukaryotes, the loss of function of the ENL1 ortholog in Arabidopsis (CHR24) has only marginal effects on endosperm nuclei and results in normal plant development. Our results suggest that ENL1 is endowed with an indispensable role to secure the extremely rapid nuclear cycle during syncytial endosperm development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Hara
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Radchuk V, Borisjuk L. Physical, metabolic and developmental functions of the seed coat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:510. [PMID: 25346737 PMCID: PMC4193196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The conventional understanding of the role of the seed coat is that it provides a protective layer for the developing zygote. Recent data show that the picture is more nuanced. The seed coat certainly represents a first line of defense against adverse external factors, but it also acts as channel for transmitting environmental cues to the interior of the seed. The latter function primes the seed to adjust its metabolism in response to changes in its external environment. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of the structure and functionality of the seed coat, and to expose its hidden interaction with both the endosperm and embryo. Any breeding and/or biotechnology intervention seeking to increase seed size or modify seed features will have to consider the implications on this tripartite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Heterosis, Molecular Genetics, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und KulturpflanzenforschungGatersleben, Germany
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45
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Lafon-Placette C, Köhler C. Embryo and endosperm, partners in seed development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 17:64-9. [PMID: 24507496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperm seeds are the major source of human calories, generating a pressing need to understand the underlying processes governing seed growth and development. They are composed of the two fertilization products, embryo and endosperm surrounded by the maternally derived seed coat. The successful interaction of all three seed components is a requirement for seeds to complete their development and to produce viable embryos that are competent to establish a new sporophytic generation. Here, we review recent reports investigating signal exchange between embryo and endosperm, focusing in particular on the transport of metabolites and small RNAs between both fertilization products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lafon-Placette
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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46
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Hamada T. Microtubule organization and microtubule-associated proteins in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 312:1-52. [PMID: 25262237 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800178-3.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Plants have unique microtubule (MT) arrays, cortical MTs, preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast, in the processes of evolution. These MT arrays control the directions of cell division and expansion especially in plants and are essential for plant morphogenesis and developments. Organizations and functions of these MT arrays are accomplished by diverse MT-associated proteins (MAPs). This review introduces 10 of conserved MAPs in eukaryote such as γ-TuC, augmin, katanin, kinesin, EB1, CLASP, MOR1/MAP215, MAP65, TPX2, formin, and several plant-specific MAPs such as CSI1, SPR2, MAP70, WVD2/WDL, RIP/MIDD, SPR1, MAP18/PCaP, EDE1, and MAP190. Most of the studies cited in this review have been analyzed in the particular model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. The significant knowledge of A. thaliana is the important established base to understand MT organizations and functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Locascio A, Roig-Villanova I, Bernardi J, Varotto S. Current perspectives on the hormonal control of seed development in Arabidopsis and maize: a focus on auxin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:412. [PMID: 25202316 PMCID: PMC4142864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The seed represents the unit of reproduction of flowering plants, capable of developing into another plant, and to ensure the survival of the species under unfavorable environmental conditions. It is composed of three compartments: seed coat, endosperm and embryo. Proper seed development depends on the coordination of the processes that lead to seed compartments differentiation, development and maturation. The coordination of these processes is based on the constant transmission/perception of signals by the three compartments. Phytohormones constitute one of these signals; gradients of hormones are generated in the different seed compartments, and their ratios comprise the signals that induce/inhibit particular processes in seed development. Among the hormones, auxin seems to exert a central role, as it is the only one in maintaining high levels of accumulation from fertilization to seed maturation. The gradient of auxin generated by its PIN carriers affects several processes of seed development, including pattern formation, cell division and expansion. Despite the high degree of conservation in the regulatory mechanisms that lead to seed development within the Spermatophytes, remarkable differences exist during seed maturation between Monocots and Eudicots species. For instance, in Monocots the endosperm persists until maturation, and constitutes an important compartment for nutrients storage, while in Eudicots it is reduced to a single cell layer, as the expanding embryo gradually replaces it during the maturation. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on hormonal control of seed development, by considering the data available in two model plants: Arabidopsis thaliana, for Eudicots and Zea mays L., for Monocots. We will emphasize the control exerted by auxin on the correct progress of seed development comparing, when possible, the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Locascio
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment - University of PadovaPadova, Italy
- IBMCP-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonella Locascio, IBMCP-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, ed.8E, 46020 Valencia, Spain e-mail:
| | | | - Jamila Bernardi
- Istituto di Agronomia Genetica e Coltivazioni Erbacee, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment - University of PadovaPadova, Italy
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Cao L, Wang L, Zheng M, Cao H, Ding L, Zhang X, Fu Y. Arabidopsis AUGMIN subunit8 is a microtubule plus-end binding protein that promotes microtubule reorientation in hypocotyls. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:2187-201. [PMID: 23735294 PMCID: PMC3723620 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, cortical microtubules provide tracks for cellulose-synthesizing enzymes and regulate cell division, growth, and morphogenesis. The role of microtubules in these essential cellular processes depends on the spatial arrangement of the microtubules. Cortical microtubules are reoriented in response to changes in cell growth status and cell shape. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanism that underlies the change in microtubule orientation will provide insight into plant cell growth and morphogenesis. This study demonstrated that AUGMIN subunit8 (AUG8) in Arabidopsis thaliana is a novel microtubule plus-end binding protein that participates in the reorientation of microtubules in hypocotyls when cell elongation slows down. AUG8 bound to the plus ends of microtubules and promoted tubulin polymerization in vitro. In vivo, AUG8 was recruited to the microtubule branch site immediately before nascent microtubules branched out. It specifically associated with the plus ends of growing cortical microtubules and regulated microtubule dynamics, which facilitated microtubule reorientation when microtubules changed their growth trajectory or encountered obstacle microtubules during microtubule reorientation. This study thus reveals a novel mechanism underlying microtubule reorientation that is critical for modulating cell elongation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lian Ding
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Address correspondence to
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Farquharson KL. AUGMIN subunit8 participates in microtubule reorientation in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1913. [PMID: 23749846 PMCID: PMC3723600 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.250612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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