1
|
Fu Y, Gao T, Wu Q, Qi M, Wang Z, Liu C. Mechanism of zinc stress on magnesium deficiency in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.): Insights from magnesium isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171463. [PMID: 38447719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) are essential nutrients for plants. Mg deficiency often occurs in rice plants grown in Zn-polluted soil. However, the mechanism for this correlation is unclear. Here, we performed culture experiments on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) and used Mg isotopes to investigate mechanisms of Zn stress on plant Mg deficiency. Our results show that excess Zn can significantly reduce the uptake of Mg in rice tissues. The root displays positive Δ26Mgplant-nutrient values (δ26Mgplant-δ26Mgnutrient; 1.90 ‰ to 2.06 ‰), which suggests that Mg enters the root cells mainly via Mg-specific transporters rather than non-selective diffusion. The decreased Δ26Mgplant-nutrient values with increasing Zn supply can be explained by the competition between Zn and Mg, both of which combine with same transporters in roots. In contrast, the shoots (stem and leaf) display much lower δ26Mg values than roots, which suggests that the transport of Mg from roots to aerial biomass is mainly via free Mg ions, during which Zn cannot competitively inhibit the movement of Mg. Our study suggests that the Mg deficiency in rice plants can be caused by high Zn-levels in soils and highlights the necessity of soil Zn-remediation in solving Mg deficiency problems in rice plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiqi Wu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Meng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York 10031, USA
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grosjean N, Blaudez D, Chalot M, Flayac J, Gross EM, Le Jean M. Rare earth elements perturb root architecture and ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133701. [PMID: 38364576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial elements for current high-technology and renewable energy advances. In addition to their increasing usage and their low recyclability leading to their release into the environment, REEs are also used as crop fertilizers. However, little is known regarding the cellular and molecular effects of REEs in plants, which is crucial for better risk assessment, crop safety and phytoremediation. Here, we analysed the ionome and transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to a light (lanthanum, La) and a heavy (ytterbium, Yb) REE. At the transcriptome level, we observed the contribution of ROS and auxin redistribution to the modified root architecture following REE exposure. We found indications for the perturbation of Fe homeostasis by REEs in both roots and leaves of Arabidopsis suggesting competition between REEs and Fe. Furthermore, we propose putative ways of entry of REEs inside cells through transporters of microelements. Finally, similar to REE accumulating species, organic acid homeostasis (e.g. malate and citrate) appears critical as a tolerance mechanism in response to REEs. By combining ionomics and transcriptomics, we elucidated essential patterns of REE uptake and toxicity response of Arabidopsis and provide new hypotheses for a better evaluation of the impact of REEs on plant homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien Blaudez
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Michel Chalot
- Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, Chrono-Environnement, F-25000 Montbéliard, France; Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Justine Flayac
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | | | - Marie Le Jean
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Danakumara T, Kumar N, Patil BS, Kumar T, Bharadwaj C, Jain PK, Nimmy MS, Joshi N, Parida SK, Bindra S, Kole C, Varshney RK. Unraveling the genetics of heat tolerance in chickpea landraces ( Cicer arietinum L.) using genome-wide association studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1376381. [PMID: 38590753 PMCID: PMC10999645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1376381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Chickpea, being an important grain legume crop, is often confronted with the adverse effects of high temperatures at the reproductive stage of crop growth, drastically affecting yield and overall productivity. The current study deals with an extensive evaluation of chickpea genotypes, focusing on the traits associated with yield and their response to heat stress. Notably, we observed significant variations for these traits under both normal and high-temperature conditions, forming a robust basis for genetic research and breeding initiatives. Furthermore, the study revealed that yield-related traits exhibited high heritability, suggesting their potential suitability for marker-assisted selection. We carried out single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Overall, 27 marker-trait associations (MTAs) linked to yield-related traits, among which we identified five common MTAs displaying pleiotropic effects after applying a stringent Bonferroni-corrected p-value threshold of <0.05 [-log10(p) > 4.95] using the BLINK (Bayesian-information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway) model. Through an in-depth in silico analysis of these markers against the CDC Frontier v1 reference genome, we discovered that the majority of the SNPs were located at or in proximity to gene-coding regions. We further explored candidate genes situated near these MTAs, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms governing heat stress tolerance and yield enhancement in chickpeas such as indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.1 with GH3 auxin-responsive promoter and pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein, etc. The harvest index (HI) trait was associated with marker Ca3:37444451 encoding aspartic proteinase ortholog sequence of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica and Medicago truncatula, which is known for contributing to heat stress tolerance. These identified MTAs and associated candidate genes may serve as valuable assets for breeding programs dedicated to tailoring chickpea varieties resilient to heat stress and climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tapan Kumar
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Amlaha, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | - Nilesh Joshi
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Chittaranjan Kole
- Prof. Chittaranjan Kole Foundation for Science & Society, Kolkatta, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shekhawat PK, Goyal A, Akhatar J, Sharma S, Kaur N, Bharti B, Mittal M, Sardana VK, Chhuneja P, Banga SS, Atri C. Genetic analysis of the variation for mineral accumulation in the leaves and seeds of natural germplasm of Brassica rapa L. (AA) and the its derived forms extracted from an allotetraploid B.juncea L.(AABB). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108084. [PMID: 37832370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa L. (2n = 20; AA) is a vegetable and oilseed crop that is grown all over the world. Its leaves, shoots, and seeds store significant amounts of minerals. We used inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to determine the concentrations of eleven minerals in the leaves and seeds of 195 advanced generation inbred lines, of which 92 represented natural (NR) B. rapa and the remaining 103 were derived (DR) from a set of mother genotypes originally extracted from an allotetraploid B. juncea (2n = 36; AABB). The inbred lines differed for the composition of leaf and seed minerals. Leaf concentrations of N, K, Zn, and Se were higher in the DR subpanel as compared to NR subpanel, along with high seed accumulations of K and Se. DArT genotyping and genome wide association mapping led to the identification of SNPs associated with leaf and seed mineral compositions. Chromosomes A03, A05, and A10 harboured the most associated loci. Annotations of the regions adjacent to respective GWAS peaks allowed prediction of genes known for acquisition, transport, and accumulation of minerals and heavy metal detoxification. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression patterns of the predicted candidates, with most genes either down-regulated in derived genotypes relative to natural forms or their expression being comparable between the two. General downregulation may be a consequence of extracting B. rapa from allotetraploid B. juncea through genome resection. Some of the identified SNPs may be used as DNA markers for breeding programmes designed to modify the leaf and seed mineral compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kanwar Shekhawat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anna Goyal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Javed Akhatar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sanjula Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Baudh Bharti
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Meenakshi Mittal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - V K Sardana
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Surinder S Banga
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Chhaya Atri
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma Q, Feng Y, Luo S, Cheng L, Tong W, Lu X, Li Y, Zhang P. The aquaporin MePIP2;7 improves MeMGT9-mediated Mg 2 + acquisition in cassava. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2349-2367. [PMID: 37548108 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are important transmembrane water transport proteins which transport water and several neutral molecules. However, how aquaporins are involved in the synergistic transport of Mg2+ and water remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the cassava aquaporin MePIP2;7 was involved in Mg2+ transport through interaction with MeMGT9, a lower affinity magnesium transporter protein. Knockdown of MePIP2;7 in cassava led to magnesium deficiency in basal mature leaves with chlorosis and necrotic spots on their edges and starch over-accumulation. Mg2+ content was significantly decreased in leaves and roots of MePIP2;7-RNA interference (PIP-Ri) plants grown in both field and Mg2+ -free hydroponic solution. Xenopus oocyte injection analysis verified that MePIP2;7 possessed the ability to transport water only and MeMGT9 was responsible for Mg2+ efflux. More importantly, MePIP2;7 improved the transportability of Mg2+ via MeMGT9 as verified using the CM66 mutant complementation assay and Xenopus oocytes expressing system. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, co-localization, and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the direct protein-protein interaction between MePIP2;7 and MeMGT9 in vivo. Mg2+ flux was significantly elevated in MePIP2;7-overexpressing lines in hydroponic solution through non-invasive micro-test technique analysis. Under Mg2+ -free condition, the retarded growth of PIP-Ri transgenic plants could be recovered with Mg2+ supplementation. Taken together, our results demonstrated the synergistic effect of the MePIP2;7 and MeMGT9 interaction in regulating water and Mg2+ absorption and transport in cassava.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yancai Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weijing Tong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinlu Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohamadi SF, Babaeian Jelodar N, Bagheri N, Nematzadeh G, Hashemipetroudi SH. New insights into comprehensive analysis of magnesium transporter ( MGT) gene family in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:322. [PMID: 37649592 PMCID: PMC10462602 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium transporters (MGTs) regulate magnesium absorption, transport, and redistribution in higher plants. To investigate the role of the Oryza sativa MGTs gene family members under salt stress, this study analyzed the protein properties, gene structure, phylogenetic relationship, synteny patterns, expression, and co-expression networks of 23 non-redundant OsMGT. The evolutionary relationship of the OsMGT gene family was fully consistent with their functional domain, and were divided into three main classes based on the conserved domain: MMgT, CorA-like, and NIPA. The α/β patterns in the protein structures were highly similar in the CorA-like and NIPA members, with the conserved structures in the Mg2+-binding and catalytic regions. The CorA-like clade-related proteins demonstrated the highest numbers of protein channels with Pro, Ser, Lys, Gly, and Tyr, as the critical binding residues. The expression analysis of OsMGT genes in various tissues showed that MGTs' gene family may possess critical functions during rice development. Gene expression analysis of candidate OsMGT using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) found that four OsMGT genes exhibited different expression patterns in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice genotypes. We hypothesize that the OsMGT gene family members may be involved in responses to salt stress. These findings could be useful for further functional investigation of MGTs as well as defining their involvement in abiotic stress studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03735-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Fateme Mohamadi
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Nadali Babaeian Jelodar
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Nadali Bagheri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Nematzadeh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biology, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, 4818166996 Iran
| | - Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemipetroudi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biology, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, 4818166996 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang L, Xiao L, Chen E, Lei X, Ren J, Yang Y, Xiao B, Gong C. Magnesium transporter CsMGT10 of tea plants plays a key role in chlorosis leaf vein greening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107842. [PMID: 37352698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+), as the central atom of chlorophyll, is the most abundant divalent cation for plant growth and development in living cells. MRS2/MGT magnesium transporters play important roles in coping with magnesium stress, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanism of MGT influencing tea plant leaf vein color remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CsMGT10 may be a potential transporter influencing leaf vein color. CsMGT10 belongs to Clade A member of MRS2/MGT family. CsMGT10 has the highest expression level in leaves of tea plants. And it is mainly expressed in aboveground parts, especially in vascular bundles. Moreover, CsMGT10 localizes to the chloroplast envelope of tea plants with a high affinity to Mg2+. And the GMN motif is required for its magnesium transport function. Ectopic expression of CsMGT10 in Arabidopsis leaf variegation mutant var5-1 can restore green color of chlorosis leaf veins, and the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid change significantly, proving its essential role in leaf vein greening. Furthermore, the chlorophyll and carotenoid of tea leaves treated with CsMGT10 antisense oligonucleotides also decrease significantly. Our findings indicate that CsMGT10 mainly acts as Mg2+ transporter in chloroplast envelope of leaf veins, which may play a key role in leaf vein greening of tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luodan Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Yibin Research Institute of Tea Industry, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Enxiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Lei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiejie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu W, Khan S, Tong M, Hu H, Yin L, Huang J. Identification and Expression of the CorA/MRS2/ALR Type Magnesium Transporters in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2512. [PMID: 37447072 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent ion in plants, participating in numerous metabolic processes in growth and development. CorA/MRS2/ALR type Mg2+ transporters are essential for maintaining Mg2+ homeostasis in plants. However, the candidate protein and its potential functions in the tomato plant have not been fully understood. In this study, we identified seven MGT genes (SlMRS2) in tomato based on sequence similarity, domain analysis, conserved motif identification, and structure prediction. Two SlMRS2 genes were analyzed in the bacterial strain MM281, and a functional complementary assay demonstrated their high-affinity transport of Mg2+. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of these Mg2+ transporters were down-regulated in leaves under Mg2+ limitation, with a greater impact on lower and middle leaves compared to young leaves. Conversely, under Mg2+ toxicity, several genes were up-regulated in leaves with a circadian rhythm. Our findings indicate that members of the SlMRS2 family function as Mg2+ transporters and lay the groundwork for further analysis of their distinct functions in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mengying Tong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liyan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kobayashi NI, Takagi H, Yang X, Nishizawa-Yokoi A, Segawa T, Hoshina T, Oonishi T, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Toki S, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Mutations in RZF1, a zinc-finger protein, reduce magnesium uptake in roots and translocation to shoots in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:342-355. [PMID: 36718554 PMCID: PMC10152673 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) homeostasis is critical for maintaining many biological processes, but little information is available to comprehend the molecular mechanisms regulating Mg concentration in rice (Oryza sativa). To make up for the lack of information, we aimed to identify mutants defective in Mg homeostasis through a forward genetic approach. As a result of the screening of 2,825 M2 seedlings mutated by ion-beam irradiation, we found a rice mutant that showed reduced Mg content in leaves and slightly increased Mg content in roots. Radiotracer 28Mg experiments showed that this mutant, named low-magnesium content 1 (LMGC1), has decreased Mg2+ influx in the root and Mg2+ translocation from root to shoot. Consequently, LMGC1 is sensitive to the low Mg condition and prone to develop chlorosis in the young mature leaf. The MutMap method identified a 7.4-kbp deletion in the LMGC1 genome leading to a loss of two genes. Genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 further revealed that one of the two lost genes, a gene belonging to the RanBP2-type zinc-finger family that we named RanBP2-TYPE ZINC FINGER1 (OsRZF1), was the causal gene of the low Mg phenotype. OsRZF1 is a nuclear protein and may have a fundamental role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in rice plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishizawa-Yokoi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
| | - Tenta Segawa
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Hoshina
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayuki Oonishi
- Center for Education and Research of Community Collaboration, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Seiichi Toki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Tomoko M Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Peng M, Tan G, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and transcriptomic responses to magnesium deficiency in Neolamarckia Cadamba. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107645. [PMID: 36963300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a critical component of chlorophyll and enzymes involved in various physiological and biochemical processes essential for plant growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthesis. Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) is common in hot and rainy subtropical areas due to its easy loss from soil. Neolamarckia cadamba, an important tropical tree in South Asia, faces severe effects of MgD, however, the responses of N. cadamba to MgD stress remain unclear. In here, effects of N. cadamba under MgD stress were investigated. The study revealed that MgD had lower plant biomass, fresh and dry weight, root length, root volume, and surface area compared to CK (normal Mg2+). As treatment time increased, the leaves began to yellow, and lesions appeared. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, along with fluorescence-related parameters and leaf photosynthetic capacity, were significantly reduced in MgD stress compared to CK treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that transporters as well as transcription factors (TFs) from MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog), MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) and WRKY families were upregulated in leaves at 10 d of MgD stress, indicating that magnesium signaling transduction might be activated to compensate MgD. In addition, genes including chlorophyll(ide) b reductase (NYC1/NOL) chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll synthase (G4) and 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase synthesizing (HCAR) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were down-regulated in leaves, while those scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) were mainly up-regulated at 10 d of MgD stress. These results shed light on underlying MgD in N. cadamba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhi S, Zou W, Li J, Meng L, Liu J, Chen J, Ye G. Mapping QTLs and gene validation studies for Mg 2+ uptake and translocation using a MAGIC population in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131064. [PMID: 36909447 PMCID: PMC9996051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Rice is an important food crop in the world, but there are few studies on the uptake and translocation of Mg2+ in rice. We used a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population constructed using four parental lines and genotyped by a 55 K rice SNP array for association analysis to locate QTLs related to Mg2+ uptake and translocation in rice at the seedling stage. Four QTLs (qRMg1, qRMg2, qRMg7 and qRMg8) were detected for the root Mg2+ concentration, which explained 11.45-13.08% of the phenotypic variation. The Mg2+ transporter gene, OsMGT1, was within the region of qRMg1. Three QTLs (qSMg3, qSMg7 and qSMg10) were detected for the shoot Mg2+ concentration, which explained 4.30-5.46% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs (qTrMg3 and qTrMg8) were found to affect the translocation of Mg2+ from the roots to the shoots, and explained 10.91% and 9.63% of phenotypic variation. qSMg3 and qTrMg3 might be the same, since they are very close to each other on chromosome 3. Analysis of candidate genes in the region of qSMg3 and qTrMg3 through qRT-PCR, complementation assay in the yeast Mg2+ transport-defective mutant CM66, and sequence analysis of the parental lines suggested that LOC_Os03g04360 may play important roles in Mg2+ uptake, translocation and accumulation in rice. Overexpression of LOC_Os03g04360 can significantly increase the Mg2+ concentration in rice seedlings, especially under the condition of low Mg2+ supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhi
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenli Zou
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingguang Chen
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lv X, Huang S, Wang J, Han D, Li J, Guo D, Zhu H. Genome-wide identification of Mg 2+ transporters and functional characteristics of DlMGT1 in Dimocarpus longan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110005. [PMID: 36818860 PMCID: PMC9932547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus Longan) is one of the most important fruit crops in Southern China. Lack of available Mg in acidic soil conditions is a limitation to further increasing longan yield. Magnesium transporter (MGT/MRS2) mediates the uptake, transport, and redistribution of Mg2+ in higher plants. To understand the role of MGTs family members in longan Mg deficiency. We identified and analyzed the protein characteristics, phylogeny, expression changes, subcellular localization, and transcriptional regulation of DlMGTs members. The results showed that, twelve DlMGTs are localized in the cell membrane, chloroplast, and nucleus. The evolutionary differences in MGTs between herbaceous and woody species in different plants. The DlMGTs promoters contained many cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding sites related to the hormone, environmental, and stress response. Subcellular localization assays showed that DlMGT1 localizes in the cell membrane of Arabidopsis protoplasts. The candidate transcription factor DlGATA16, which may regulate the expression of DlMGT1, was localized in the nucleus of tobacco leaves. Dual luciferase analysis demonstrated that DlGATA16 is a potential factor regulating the transcriptional activity of DlMGT1. In this study, we identified and analyzed DlMGTs on a genome-wide scale and the subcellular localization and interaction of DlMGT1 and DlGATA16, which has important implications for further functional analysis studies of MGTs and the use of MGT for longan genetic improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lv
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Li
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang B, Zhang C, Tang R, Zheng X, Zhao F, Fu A, Lan W, Luan S. Two magnesium transporters in the chloroplast inner envelope essential for thylakoid biogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:464-478. [PMID: 35776059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+ ) serves as a cofactor for a number of photosynthetic enzymes in the chloroplast, and is the central atom of the Chl molecule. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of Mg2+ transport across the chloroplast envelope. Here, we report the functional characterization of two transport proteins in Arabidopsis: Magnesium Release 8 (MGR8) and MGR9, of the ACDP/CNNM family, which is evolutionarily conserved across all lineages of living organisms. Both MGR8 and MGR9 genes were expressed ubiquitously, and their encoded proteins were localized in the inner envelope of chloroplasts. Mutations of MGR8 and MGR9 together, but neither of them alone, resulted in albino ovules and chlorotic seedlings. Further analysis revealed severe defects in thylakoid biogenesis and assembly of photosynthetic complexes in the double mutant. Both MGR8 and MGR9 functionally complemented the growth of the Salmonella typhimurium mutant strain MM281, which lacks Mg2+ uptake capacity. The embryonic and early seedling defects of the mgr8/mgr9 double mutant were rescued by the expression of MGR9 under the embryo-specific ABI3 promoter. The partially rescued mutant plants were hypersensitive to Mg2+ deficient conditions and contained less Mg2+ in their chloroplasts than wild-type plants. Taken together, we conclude that MGR8 and MGR9 serve as Mg2+ transporters and are responsible for chloroplast Mg2+ uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Renjie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang RJ, Yang Y, Yan YW, Mao DD, Yuan HM, Wang C, Zhao FG, Luan S. Two transporters mobilize magnesium from vacuolar stores to enable plant acclimation to magnesium deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1307-1320. [PMID: 35809075 PMCID: PMC9516776 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential metal for chlorophyll biosynthesis and other metabolic processes in plant cells. Mg is largely stored in the vacuole of various cell types and remobilized to meet cytoplasmic demand. However, the transport proteins responsible for mobilizing vacuolar Mg2+ remain unknown. Here, we identified two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Mg2+ transporters (MAGNESIUM TRANSPORTER 1 and 2; MGT1 and MGT2) that facilitate Mg2+ mobilization from the vacuole, especially when external Mg supply is limited. In addition to a high degree of sequence similarity, MGT1 and MGT2 exhibited overlapping expression patterns in Arabidopsis tissues, implying functional redundancy. Indeed, the mgt1 mgt2 double mutant, but not mgt1 and mgt2 single mutants, showed exaggerated growth defects as compared to the wild type under low-Mg conditions, in accord with higher expression levels of Mg-starvation gene markers in the double mutant. However, overall Mg level was also higher in mgt1 mgt2, suggesting a defect in Mg2+ remobilization in response to Mg deficiency. Consistently, MGT1 and MGT2 localized to the tonoplast and rescued the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mnr2Δ (manganese resistance 2) mutant strain lacking the vacuolar Mg2+ efflux transporter. In addition, disruption of MGT1 and MGT2 suppressed high-Mg sensitivity of calcineurin B-like 2 and 3 (cbl2 cbl3), a mutant defective in vacuolar Mg2+ sequestration, suggesting that vacuolar Mg2+ influx and efflux processes are antagonistic in a physiological context. We further crossed mgt1 mgt2 with mgt6, which lacks a plasma membrane MGT member involved in Mg2+ uptake, and found that the triple mutant was more sensitive to low-Mg conditions than either mgt1 mgt2 or mgt6. Hence, Mg2+ uptake (via MGT6) and vacuolar remobilization (through MGT1 and MGT2) work synergistically to achieve Mg2+ homeostasis in plants, especially under low-Mg supply in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-Wei Yan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Mao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yuan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jin F, Huang Y, Hattori M. Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of Mg 2+ Channels and Transporters. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167729. [PMID: 35841930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are the most abundant divalent cations in living organisms and are essential for various physiological processes, including ATP utilization and the catalytic activity of numerous enzymes. Therefore, the homeostatic mechanisms associated with cellular Mg2+ are crucial for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and are thus strictly controlled by Mg2+ channels and transporters. Technological advances in structural biology, such as the expression screening of membrane proteins, in meso phase crystallization, and recent cryo-EM techniques, have enabled the structure determination of numerous Mg2+ channels and transporters. In this review article, we provide an overview of the families of Mg2+ channels and transporters (MgtE/SLC41, TRPM6/7, CorA/Mrs2, CorC/CNNM), and discuss the structural biology prospects based on the known structures of MgtE, TRPM7, CorA and CorC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Franken GAC, Huynen MA, Martínez-Cruz LA, Bindels RJM, de Baaij JHF. Structural and functional comparison of magnesium transporters throughout evolution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:418. [PMID: 35819535 PMCID: PMC9276622 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most prevalent divalent intracellular cation. As co-factor in many enzymatic reactions, Mg2+ is essential for protein synthesis, energy production, and DNA stability. Disturbances in intracellular Mg2+ concentrations, therefore, unequivocally result in delayed cell growth and metabolic defects. To maintain physiological Mg2+ levels, all organisms rely on balanced Mg2+ influx and efflux via Mg2+ channels and transporters. This review compares the structure and the function of prokaryotic Mg2+ transporters and their eukaryotic counterparts. In prokaryotes, cellular Mg2+ homeostasis is orchestrated via the CorA, MgtA/B, MgtE, and CorB/C Mg2+ transporters. For CorA, MgtE, and CorB/C, the motifs that form the selectivity pore are conserved during evolution. These findings suggest that CNNM proteins, the vertebrate orthologues of CorB/C, also have Mg2+ transport capacity. Whereas CorA and CorB/C proteins share the gross quaternary structure and functional properties with their respective orthologues, the MgtE channel only shares the selectivity pore with SLC41 Na+/Mg2+ transporters. In eukaryotes, TRPM6 and TRPM7 Mg2+ channels provide an additional Mg2+ transport mechanism, consisting of a fusion of channel with a kinase. The unique features these TRP channels allow the integration of hormonal, cellular, and transcriptional regulatory pathways that determine their Mg2+ transport capacity. Our review demonstrates that understanding the structure and function of prokaryotic magnesiotropic proteins aids in our basic understanding of Mg2+ transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A C Franken
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M A Huynen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A Martínez-Cruz
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - R J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meng SF, Zhang B, Tang RJ, Zheng XJ, Chen R, Liu CG, Jing YP, Ge HM, Zhang C, Chu YL, Fu AG, Zhao FG, Luan S, Lan WZ. Four plasma membrane-localized MGR transporters mediate xylem Mg 2+ loading for root-to-shoot Mg 2+ translocation in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:805-819. [PMID: 35063662 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+), an essential structural component of chlorophyll, is absorbed from the soil by roots and transported to shoots to support photosynthesis in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying root-to-shoot Mg2+ translocation remain largely unknown. We describe here the identification of four plasma membrane (PM)-localized transporters, named Mg2+ release transporters (MGRs), that are critical for root-to-shoot Mg transport in Arabidopsis. Functional complementation assays in a Mg2+-uptake-deficient bacterial strain confirmed that these MGRs conduct Mg2+ transport. PM-localized MGRs (MGR4, MGR5, MGR6, and MGR7) were expressed primarily in root stellar cells and participated in the xylem loading step of the long-distance Mg2+ transport process. In particular, MGR4 and MGR6 played a major role in shoot Mg homeostasis, as their loss-of-function mutants were hypersensitive to low Mg2+ but tolerant to high Mg2+ conditions. Reciprocal grafting analysis further demonstrated that MGR4 functions in the root to determine shoot Mg2+ accumulation and physiological phenotypes caused by both low- and high-Mg2+ stress. Taken together, our study has identified the long-sought transporters responsible for root-to-shoot Mg2+ translocation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fang Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong-Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ping Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hai-Man Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yan-Li Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Wen-Zhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bakshi A, Gilroy S. Moving magnesium. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:796-798. [PMID: 35422405 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadipta Bakshi
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53076, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53076, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ge M, Zhong R, Sadeghnezhad E, Hakeem A, Xiao X, Wang P, Fang J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of magnesium transporter gene family in grape (Vitis vinifera). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 35477360 PMCID: PMC9047265 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium ion is one of the essential mineral elements for plant growth and development, which participates in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes. Since there is no report on the research of magnesium ion transporter in grape, the study of the structure and function of magnesium ion transporters (MGT) is helpful to understand the dynamic balance mechanism of intracellular magnesium ions and their inter- or intra-cellular activities. RESULT In this study, we identified the members of MGT protein family in grape and performed the phylogenetic and expression analysis. We have identified nine VvMGT genes in grape genome, which are distributed on eight different chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MGT family members of grapes were divided into five subfamilies and had obvious homology with Arabidopsis, maize, and pear. Based on transcriptome data from the web databases, we analyzed the expression patterns of VvMGTs at different development stages and in response to abiotic stresses including waterlogging, drought, salinity, and copper. Using qRT-PCR method, we tested the expression of grape VvMGTs under magnesium and aluminum treatments and found significant changes in VvMGTs expression. In addition, four of the MGT proteins in grape were located in the nucleus. CONCLUSION Overall, in this study we investigated the structural characteristics, evolution pattern, and expression analysis of VvMGTs in depth, which laid the foundation for further revealing the function of VvMGT genes in grape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Ge
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Abdul Hakeem
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ishfaq M, Wang Y, Yan M, Wang Z, Wu L, Li C, Li X. Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802274. [PMID: 35548291 PMCID: PMC9085447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for a wide array of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It largely involves chlorophyll synthesis, production, transportation, and utilization of photoassimilates, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis. As a multifaceted result of the introduction of high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars, intensive cropping without replenishment of Mg, soil acidification, and exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) leaching, Mg has become a limiting nutrient for optimum crop production. However, little literature is available to better understand distinct responses of plants to Mg deficiency, the geographical distribution of soil Ex-Mg, and the degree of Mg deficiency. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of key plant responses to Mg availability and, as far as possible, highlight spatial Mg distribution and the magnitude of Mg deficiency in different cultivated regions of the world with a special focus on China. In particular, ~55% of arable lands in China are revealed Mg-deficient (< 120 mg kg-1 soil Ex-Mg), and Mg deficiency literally becomes increasingly severe from northern (227-488 mg kg-1) to southern (32-89 mg kg-1) China. Mg deficiency primarily traced back to higher depletion of soil Ex-Mg by fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tubers, tea, and tobacco cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Further, each unit decline in soil pH from neutral reduced ~2-fold soil Ex-Mg. This article underscores the physiological importance of Mg, potential risks associated with Mg deficiency, and accordingly, to optimize fertilization strategies for higher crop productivity and better quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liangquan Wu
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ge H, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang B, Chen R, Lan W, Luan S, Yang L. An Arabidopsis vasculature distributed metal tolerance protein facilitates xylem magnesium diffusion to shoots under high-magnesium environments. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:166-182. [PMID: 34761874 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+ ) is an essential metal for plant growth; however, its over-accumulation in cells can be cytotoxic. The metal tolerance protein family (MTP) belongs to an ubiquitous family of cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins that export divalent metal cations for metal homeostasis and tolerance in all organisms. We describe here the identification of MTP10 to be critical for xylem Mg homeostasis in Arabidopsis under high Mg2+ conditions. The Arabidopsis plant contains 12 MTP genes, and only knockout of MTP10 decreased the tolerance of high-Mg stress. The functional complementation assays in a Mg2+ -uptake-deficient bacterial strain MM281 confirmed that MTP10 conducted Mg2+ transport. MTP10 is localized to the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells around the xylem. Reciprocal grafting analysis further demonstrated that MTP10 functions in the shoot to determine the shoot growth phenotypes under high Mg2+ conditions. Moreover, compared to the wild type, the mtp10 mutant accumulated more Mg2+ in xylem sap under high-Mg stress. This study reveals that MTP10 facilitates Mg2+ diffusion from the xylem to shoots and thus determines Mg homeostasis in shoot vascular tissues during high-Mg stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiman Ge
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jinlin Chen
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94702, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tian XY, He DD, Bai S, Zeng WZ, Wang Z, Wang M, Wu LQ, Chen ZC. Physiological and molecular advances in magnesium nutrition of plants. PLANT AND SOIL 2021; 468:1-17. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
|
23
|
Enomoto T, Yoshida J, Mizuno T, Watanabe T, Nishida S. Differences in mineral accumulation and gene expression profiles between two metal hyperaccumulators, Noccaea japonica and Noccaea caerulescens ecotype Ganges, under excess nickel condition. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1945212. [PMID: 34227899 PMCID: PMC8331044 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1945212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we compare mineral accumulation and global gene expression patterns between two metal hyperaccumulator plants - Noccaea japonica, originating from Ni-rich serpentine soils, and Noccaea caerulescens (ecotype Ganges), originating from Zn/Pb-mine soils - under excess Ni conditions. Significant differences in the accumulation of K, P, Mg, B, and Mo were explained by the expression levels of specific transporters for each mineral. We previously showed that total Ni accumulation in the whole plant is higher in N. caerulescens than in N. japonica. Here we found a similar tendency for Fe under excess Ni; however, the expression of iron-regulated transporter 1 (IRT1), which encodes the primary Fe uptake transporter and causes excess Ni uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana, was higher in N. japonica. NjIRT1 has a point mutation at Asp100, which is essential for Fe transport, and so might lack its Fe and possibly Ni transport function. Noccaea japonica might have lost its IRT1 function, which would prevent excess Ni uptake via IRT1 in Ni-rich soils, and come to rely on other transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Enomoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Sho Nishida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Iwamoto M, Tsuchida-Mayama T, Ichikawa H. The transcription factor gene RDD4 contributes to the control of nutrient ion accumulation in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2059-2069. [PMID: 33876435 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the expression and functions of the transcription factor gene RDD4 (rice Dof daily fluctuations 4), which has sequence similarity to RDD1 that controls nutrient ion accumulation in rice. RDD4 protein was highly accumulated in leaf sheaths and localized to vascular bundles. RDD4-overexpressing plants (RDD4-OX) improved the accumulation of various nutrient ions, irrespective of nutrient concentration in a hydroponic solution. K+ and Cl- deficiencies induced the accumulation of other cations and anions, respectively. Interestingly, in RDD4-OX plants K+ and Cl- deficiencies increased PO4 3- and Mg2+ contents, respectively, despite opposite electric charges. Furthermore, PO4 3- deficiency induced NO3 - and Mg2+ accumulation in RDD4-OX plants. These data show that RDD4 is associated with the control of nutrient ion contents within plants. Also, photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in RDD4-OX plants was higher than in wild-type (WT) plants, although the sizes of shoots and panicles decreased in RDD4-OX plants. Subsequent microarray analysis indicated that OsFWL7, similar to maize CNR1 that negatively regulates plant size, showed the most significant difference in its expression levels between WT and RDD4-OX plants. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that a prominent increase in the OsFWL7 expression reduces plant size in RDD4-OX plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Iwamoto
- Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuchida-Mayama
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Root hairs: the villi of plants. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1133-1146. [PMID: 34013353 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Strikingly, evolution shaped similar tubular structures at the µm to mm scale in roots of sessile plants and in small intestines of mobile mammals to ensure an efficient transfer of essential nutrients from 'dead matter' into biota. These structures, named root hairs (RHs) in plants and villi in mammals, numerously stretch into the environment, and extremely enlarge root and intestine surfaces. They are believed to forage for nutrients, and mediate their uptake. While the conceptional understanding of plant RH function in hydromineral nutrition seems clear, experimental evidence presented in textbooks is restricted to a very limited number of reference-nutrients. Here, we make an element-by-element journey through the periodic table and link individual nutrient availabilities to the development, structure/shape and function of RHs. Based on recent developments in molecular biology and the identification of mutants differing in number, length or other shape-related characteristics of RHs in various plant species, we present comprehensive advances in (i) the physiological role of RHs for the uptake of specific nutrients, (ii) the developmental and morphological responses of RHs to element availability and (iii) RH-localized nutrient transport proteins. Our update identifies crucial roles of RHs for hydromineral nutrition, mostly under nutrient and/or water limiting conditions, and highlights the influence of certain mineral availabilities on early stages of RH development, suggesting that nutritional stimuli, as deficiencies in P, Mn or B, can even dominate over intrinsic developmental programs underlying RH differentiation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Faraji S, Ahmadizadeh M, Heidari P. Genome-wide comparative analysis of Mg transporter gene family between Triticum turgidum and Camelina sativa. Biometals 2021; 34:639-660. [PMID: 33783656 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) as a bimetal plays critical roles in biochemical processes, membrane stability, and enzyme activity. Mg transporters (MGTs) are involving in maintaining Mg homeostasis in cells. Although the MGT family members have been identified in different plant species, there is no comprehensive analysis of the other plants' MGT genes. In the current study, 62 and 41 non-redundant putative MGT proteins were recognized into the genome of Camelina sativa, and Triticum turgidum and they were compared based on physicochemical properties, protein structure, expression, and interaction. All identified MGTs were classified into three subgroups, NIPA, CorA, and MRS2/MGT, based on conserved-motifs distribution. The results showed that the secondary structure pattern in NIPA and MRS2 subfamily members in both studied plant species were highly similar. Furthermore, MGTs encompass the conserved structures and the critical sites mainly in the metal ion and Mg2+ binding centers as well as the catalytic sites were observed. The highest numbers of protein channels were predicted in CorA proteins in both C. sativa and T. turgidum with 24 and 17 channel numbers, respectively. The Ser, Pro, Gly, Lys, Tyr, and Arg amino acids were predicted as the binding residues in MGTs channel regions. The expression pattern of identified genes demonstrated that MGT genes have diverse tissue-specific expression and stress response expression patterns. Besides, 147 co-expressed genes with MGTs were clustered into the eight co-expression nodes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and endocytosis. In the present study, all interpretations are based on in silico predictions, which can be used in further studies related to functional genomics of MGT genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Faraji
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), 4818168984, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Heidari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, 3619995161, Shahrood, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chaudhry AH, Nayab S, Hussain SB, Ali M, Pan Z. Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1819. [PMID: 33673043 PMCID: PMC7917752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Shafa Nayab
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Muqarrab Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu XF, Qian XX, Wang KQ, Yu YH, Guo YY, Zhao X, Wang B, Yang NY, Huang JR, Yang ZN. Slowing Development Facilitates Arabidopsis mgt Mutants to Accumulate Enough Magnesium for Pollen Formation and Fertility Restoration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:621338. [PMID: 33552112 PMCID: PMC7854698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.621338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an abundant and important cation in cells. Plants rely on Mg transporters to take up Mg from the soil, and then Mg is transported to anthers and other organs. Here, we showed that MGT6+/- plants display reduced fertility, while mgt6 plants are fertile. MGT6 is expressed in the anther at the early stages. Pollen mitosis and intine formation are impaired in aborted pollen grains (PGs) of MGT6+/- plants, which is similar to the defective pollen observed in mgt5 and mgt9 mutants. These results suggest that Mg deficiency leads to pollen abortion in MGT6+/- plants. Our data showed that mgt6 organs including buds develop significantly slower and mgt6 stamens accumulate a higher level of Mg, compared with wild-type (WT) and MGT6+/- plants. These results indicate that slower bud development allows mgt6 to accumulate sufficient amounts of Mg in the pollen, explaining why mgt6 is fertile. Furthermore, we found that mgt6 can restore fertility of mgt5, which has been reported to be male sterile due to defects in Mg transport from the tapetum to microspores and that an additional Mg supply can restore its fertility. Interestingly, mgt5 fertility is recovered when grown under short photoperiod conditions, which is a well-known factor regulating plant fertility. Taken together, these results demonstrate that slow development is a general mechanism to restore mgts fertility, which allows other redundant magnesium transporter (MGT) members to transport sufficient Mg for pollen formation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Functional analysis of whether the glycine residue of the GMN motif of the Arabidopsis MRS2/MGT/CorA-type Mg 2+ channel protein AtMRS2-11 is critical for Mg 2+ transport activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108673. [PMID: 33217378 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) plays a critical role in many physiological processes. The AtMRS2/MGT family, which contains nine Arabidopsis genes (and two pseudogenes), belongs to a eukaryotic subset of the CorA superfamily of divalent cation transporters. AtMRS2-11/MGT10 possesses the signature GlyMetAsn sequence (the GMN motif) conserved in the CorA superfamily; however, little is known about the role of the GMN motif in AtMRS2. Direct measurement using the fluorescent dye mag-fura-2 revealed that reconstituted AtMRS2-11 mediated rapid Mg2+ uptake into proteoliposomes at extraliposomal Mg2+ concentrations of 10 and 20 mM. Mutations in the GMN motif, G417 to A, S or V, did not show a significant change in Mg2+ uptake relative to the wild-type protein. The G417W mutant exhibited a significant increase in Mg2+ uptake. The functional complementation assay in Escherichia coli strain TM2 showed that E. coli cells expressing AtMRS2-11 with mutations in G of the GMN motif did not grow in LB medium without Mg2+ supplementation, while growth was observed in LB medium supplemented with 0.5 mM Mg2+; no difference was observed between the growth of TM2 cells expressing the AtMRS2-11 G417W mutant and that of cells expressing wild-type AtMRS2-11. These results suggested that the Mg2+ transport activity of the AtMRS2-11 GMN-motif mutants was low at low physiological Mg2+ concentrations; thus, the Gly residue is critical for Mg2+ transport, and the Mg2+ transport activity of the GMN-motif mutants was increased at high Mg2+ concentrations.
Collapse
|
30
|
Identification and functional analysis of the CorA/MGT/MRS2-type magnesium transporter in banana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239058. [PMID: 33001980 PMCID: PMC7529347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth and development. Mg
transporters, especially CorA/MGT/MRS2 family proteins, played a vital role in
regulating Mg content in plant cells. Although extensive work has been conducted
in model crops, such as Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, the relevant information
is scarce in tropical crops. In this study, 10 MaMRS2 genes in
banana (Musa acuminata) were isolated from its genome and
classified into five distinct clades. The putative physiochemical properties,
chromosome location, gene structure, cis-acting elements, and duplication
relationships in between these members were analyzed. Complementary experiments
revealed that three MaMRS2 gene members
(MaMRS2-1, MaMRS2-4,
MaMRS2-7), from three distinct phylogenetic branches, were
capable of restoring the function of Mg transport in Salmonella
typhimurium mutants. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that
MaMRS2 genes were differentially expressed in banana
cultivar ‘Baxijiao’ (Musa spp. AAA Cavendish)
seedlings. The result was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis, in addition to
tissue specific expression, expression differences among MaMRS2
members were also observed under Mg deficiency conditions. These results showed
that Mg transporters may play a versatile role in banana growth and development,
and our work will shed light on the functional analysis of Mg transporters in
banana.
Collapse
|
31
|
Feng Z, Nagao H, Li B, Sotta N, Shikanai Y, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Kamiya T, Fujiwara T. An SMU Splicing Factor Complex Within Nuclear Speckles Contributes to Magnesium Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:428-442. [PMID: 32601148 PMCID: PMC7479882 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mg2+ is among the most abundant divalent cations in living cells. In plants, investigations on magnesium (Mg) homeostasis are restricted to the functional characterization of Mg2+ transporters. Here, we demonstrate that the splicing factors SUPPRESSORS OF MEC-8 AND UNC-52 1 (SMU1) and SMU2 mediate Mg homeostasis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A low-Mg sensitive Arabidopsis mutant was isolated, and the causal gene was identified as SMU1 Disruption of SMU2, a protein that can form a complex with SMU1, resulted in a similar low-Mg sensitive phenotype. In both mutants, an Mg2+ transporter gene, Mitochondrial RNA Splicing 2 (MRS2-7), showed altered splicing patterns. Genetic evidence indicated that MRS2-7 functions in the same pathway as SMU1 and SMU2 for low-Mg adaptation. In contrast with previous results showing that the SMU1-SMU2 complex is the active form in RNA splicing, MRS2-7 splicing was promoted in the smu2 mutant overexpressing SMU1, indicating that complex formation is not a prerequisite for the splicing. We found here that formation of the SMU1-SMU2 complex is an essential step for their compartmentation in the nuclear speckles, a type of nuclear body enriched with proteins that participate in various aspects of RNA metabolism. Taken together, our study reveals the involvement of the SMU splicing factors in plant Mg homeostasis and provides evidence that complex formation is required for their intranuclear compartmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Feng
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagao
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Baohai Li
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sotta
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shikanai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Shigenobu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mishra B, Ploch S, Runge F, Schmuker A, Xia X, Gupta DK, Sharma R, Thines M. The Genome of Microthlaspi erraticum (Brassicaceae) Provides Insights Into the Adaptation to Highly Calcareous Soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:943. [PMID: 32719698 PMCID: PMC7350527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microthlaspi erraticum is widely distributed in temperate Eurasia, but restricted to Ca2+-rich habitats, predominantly on white Jurassic limestone, which is made up by calcium carbonate, with little other minerals. Thus, naturally occurring Microthlaspi erraticum individuals are confronted with a high concentration of Ca2+ ions while Mg2+ ion concentration is relatively low. As there is a competitive uptake between these two ions, adaptation to the soil condition can be expected. In this study, it was the aim to explore the genomic consequences of this adaptation by sequencing and analysing the genome of Microthlaspi erraticum. Its genome size is comparable with other diploid Brassicaceae, while more genes were predicted. Two Mg2+ transporters known to be expressed in roots were duplicated and one showed a significant degree of positive selection. It is speculated that this evolved due to the pressure to take up Mg2+ ions efficiently in the presence of an overwhelming amount of Ca2+ ions. Future studies on plants specialized on similar soils and affinity tests of the transporters are needed to provide unequivocal evidence for this hypothesis. If verified, the transporters found in this study might be useful for breeding Brassicaceae crops for higher yield on Ca2+-rich and Mg2+ -poor soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bagdevi Mishra
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ploch
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabian Runge
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Xiaojuan Xia
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Deepak K. Gupta
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ogura T, Kobayashi NI, Hermans C, Ichihashi Y, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Aoki N, Sugita R, Ogawa T, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Short-Term Magnesium Deficiency Triggers Nutrient Retranslocation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:563. [PMID: 32582226 PMCID: PMC7287120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is essential for many biological processes in plant cells, and its deficiency causes yield reduction in crop systems. Low Mg status reportedly affects photosynthesis, sucrose partitioning and biomass allocation. However, earlier physiological responses to Mg deficiency are scarcely described. Here, we report that Mg deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana first modified the mineral profile in mature leaves within 1 or 2 days, then affected sucrose partitioning after 4 days, and net photosynthesis and biomass production after 6 days. The short-term Mg deficiency reduced the contents of phosphorus (P), potassium, manganese, zinc and molybdenum in mature but not in expanding (young) leaves. While P content decreased in mature leaves, P transport from roots to mature leaves was not affected, indicating that Mg deficiency triggered retranslocation of the mineral nutrients from mature leaves. A global transcriptome analysis revealed that Mg deficiency triggered the expression of genes involved in defence response in young leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ogura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko I. Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Hermans
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko M. Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu X, Guo LX, Luo LJ, Liu YZ, Peng SA. Identification of the magnesium transport (MGT) family in Poncirus trifoliata and functional characterization of PtrMGT5 in magnesium deficiency stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:551-560. [PMID: 31621003 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At least eight MGT genes were identified in citrus and PtrMGT5 plays important role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in citrus by getting involved in the Mg absorption and transport. Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, and the magnesium transporter (MGT) genes participate in mediate Mg2+ uptake, translocation and sequestration into cellular storage compartments. Although several MGT genes have been characterized in various plant species, a comprehensive analysis of the MGT gene family in citrus is still uncharacterized. In this study, eight PtrMGT genes were identified through genome-wide analyses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PtrMGT genes were classified into five distinct subfamilies. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that eight PtrMGT genes were expressed in all of the detected tissues and they mainly expressed in the vegetative organs. Expression analyses revealed the PtrMGT genes responded to various Mg deficiency stresses, including absolute Mg deficiency and antagonistic Mg deficiency which caused by low pH or Al toxicity. PtrMGT5, which localizes to the plasma membrane and was transcriptionally active, was functionally characterized. PtrMGT5 overexpression considerably enhanced absolute Mg deficiency and antagonistic Mg deficiency tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, which was accompanied by increased fresh weight and Mg content, whereas opposite changes were observed when PtrMGT5 homolog in Valencia Orange callus was knocked down. Taken together, PtrMGT5 plays important role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in citrus by getting involved in the Mg absorption and transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Ang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Harrington SA, Cobo N, Karafiátová M, Doležel J, Borrill P, Uauy C. Identification of a Dominant Chlorosis Phenotype Through a Forward Screen of the Triticum turgidum cv. Kronos TILLING Population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:963. [PMID: 31396255 PMCID: PMC6667664 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) derives from a hybridization event approximately 400,000 years ago which led to the creation of an allotetraploid genome. The evolutionary recent origin of durum wheat means that its genome has not yet been fully diploidised. As a result, many of the genes present in the durum genome act in a redundant fashion, where loss-of-function mutations must be present in both gene copies to observe a phenotypic effect. Here, we use a novel set of induced variation within the cv. Kronos TILLING population to identify a locus controlling a dominant, environmentally dependent chlorosis phenotype. We carried out a forward screen of the sequenced cv. Kronos TILLING lines for senescence phenotypes and identified a line with a dominant early senescence and chlorosis phenotype. Mutant plants contained less chlorophyll throughout their development and displayed premature flag leaf senescence. A segregating population was classified into discrete phenotypic groups and subjected to bulked-segregant analysis using exome capture followed by next-generation sequencing. This allowed the identification of a single region on chromosome 3A, Yellow Early Senescence 1 (YES-1), which was associated with the mutant phenotype. While this phenotype was consistent across 4 years of field trials in the United Kingdom, the mutant phenotype was not observed when grown in Davis, CA (United States). To obtain further SNPs for fine-mapping, we isolated chromosome 3A using flow sorting and sequenced the entire chromosome. By mapping these reads against both the cv. Chinese Spring reference sequence and the cv. Kronos assembly, we could identify high-quality, novel EMS-induced SNPs in non-coding regions within YES-1 that were previously missed in the exome capture data. This allowed us to fine-map YES-1 to 4.3 Mb, containing 59 genes. Our study shows that populations containing induced variation can be sources of novel dominant variation in polyploid crop species, highlighting their importance in future genetic screens. We also demonstrate the value of using cultivar-specific genome assemblies alongside the gold-standard reference genomes particularly when working with non-coding regions of the genome. Further fine-mapping of the YES-1 locus will be pursued to identify the causal SNP underpinning this dominant, environmentally dependent phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Cobo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Miroslava Karafiátová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Genome-wide analysis of magnesium transporter genes in Solanum lycopersicum. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 80:498-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
37
|
Livigni S, Lucini L, Sega D, Navacchi O, Pandolfini T, Zamboni A, Varanini Z. The different tolerance to magnesium deficiency of two grapevine rootstocks relies on the ability to cope with oxidative stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:148. [PMID: 30991946 PMCID: PMC6469136 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) deficiency causes physiological and molecular responses, already dissected in several plant species. The study of these responses among genotypes showing a different tolerance to the Mg shortage can allow identifying the mechanisms underlying the resistance to this nutritional disorder. To this aim, we compared the physiological and molecular responses (e.g. changes in root metabolome and transcriptome) of two grapevine rootstocks exhibiting, in field, different behaviors with respect to Mg shortage (1103P, tolerant and SO4 susceptible). RESULTS The two grapevine rootstocks confirmed, in a controlled growing system, their behavior in relation to the tolerance to Mg deficiency. Differences in metabolite and transcriptional profiles between the roots of the two genotypes were mainly linked to antioxidative compounds and the cell wall constituents. In addition, differences in secondary metabolism, in term of both metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids) and transcripts, assessed between 1103P and SO4 suggest a different behavior in relation to stress responses particularly at early stages of Mg deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the higher ability of 1103P to tolerate Mg shortage is mainly linked to its capability of coping, faster and more efficiently, with the oxidative stress condition caused by the nutritional disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Livigni
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Davide Sega
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Pandolfini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Zamboni
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Varanini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang L, Wen A, Wu X, Pan X, Wu N, Chen X, Chen Y, Mao D, Chen L, Luan S. Molecular identification of the magnesium transport gene family in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:204-214. [PMID: 30690277 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential element for plant growth. Its transport and homeostasis in plants is mainly maintained by the MRS2/MGT of Mg2+ transporters. Little is known about the MRS2/MGT gene family in Brassica napus L. (B. napus), one of the most important oil grains. In our present study, we identified 36 putative MRS2/MGT genes (BnMGTs) from B. napus and investigated their phylogeny, expression pattern and function. These BnMGT genes were sorted into five distinguished groups by the phylogenetic analysis, and they were clearly homologous with the MRS2/MGT genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Complementation assays using the Salmonella typhimurium mutant MM281 demonstrated that the BnMGT genes were capable of mediating Mg2+ uptake and transport, with varied affinities to Mg2+. The expression pattern analysis showed that the expression of BnMGTs were tissue-specific and varied in different tissues. This work provides the molecular basis to discover the function of BnMGT gene family in plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Anning Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaoling Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Dandan Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Liangbi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang L, Peng Y, Li J, Tian X, Chen Z. OsMGT1 Confers Resistance to Magnesium Deficiency By Enhancing the Import of Mg in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010207. [PMID: 30626062 PMCID: PMC6337559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient element for plant growth and plays an important role in numerous physiological and biochemical processes. Mg deficiency inhibits plant growth and has become a growing problem for crop productions in agriculture. However, the molecular mechanisms for the resistance to Mg deficiency in plants were not well understood. In this study, we identified a Mg transporter gene OsMGT1 that confers resistance to Mg deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa). The expression of OsMGT1 was highly induced by Mg deficiency in shoots. Investigation of tissue expression patterns revealed that OsMGT1 was mainly expressed in the phloem region; however, Mg deficiency remarkably enhanced its expression in xylem parenchyma and mesophyll cells in shoots. Knockout of OsMGT1 resulted in a significant reduction in Mg content and biomass when grown at Mg-limited conditions. Furthermore, the sensitivity to low-Mg in mutants was intensified by excessive calcium supply. In addition, overexpression of OsMGT1 increased Mg content and biomass under low-Mg supply. In conclusion, our results indicate that OsMGT1 plays an important role in rice Mg import and is required for the resistance to Mg deficiency, which can be utilized for molecular breeding of low-Mg tolerant plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Zhang
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xinyue Tian
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhichang Chen
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vacuolar Proton Pyrophosphatase Is Required for High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113617. [PMID: 30453498 PMCID: PMC6274811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential nutrient in all organisms. However, high levels of Mg2+ in the environment are toxic to plants. In this study, we identified the vacuolar-type H⁺-pyrophosphatase, AVP1, as a critical enzyme for optimal plant growth under high-Mg conditions. The Arabidopsis avp1 mutants displayed severe growth retardation, as compared to the wild-type plants upon excessive Mg2+. Unexpectedly, the avp1 mutant plants retained similar Mg content to wild-type plants under either normal or high Mg conditions, suggesting that AVP1 may not directly contribute to Mg2+ homeostasis in plant cells. Further analyses confirmed that the avp1 mutant plants contained a higher pyrophosphate (PPi) content than wild type, coupled with impaired vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase activity. Interestingly, expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase1 gene IPP1, which facilitates PPi hydrolysis but not proton translocation into vacuole, rescued the growth defects of avp1 mutants under high-Mg conditions. These results provide evidence that high-Mg sensitivity in avp1 mutants possibly resulted from elevated level of cytosolic PPi. Moreover, genetic analysis indicated that mutation of AVP1 was additive to the defects in mgt6 and cbl2 cbl3 mutants that are previously known to be impaired in Mg2+ homeostasis. Taken together, our results suggest AVP1 is required for cellular PPi homeostasis that in turn contributes to high-Mg tolerance in plant cells.
Collapse
|
41
|
Narayana R, Fliegmann J, Paponov I, Maffei ME. Reduction of geomagnetic field (GMF) to near null magnetic field (NNMF) affects Arabidopsis thaliana root mineral nutrition. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 19:43-50. [PMID: 30482280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Earth magnetic field (or geomagnetic field, GMF) is a natural component of our planet and variations of the GMF are perceived by plants with a still uncharacterized magnetoreceptor. The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of near null magnetic field (NNMF, ∼40 nT) on Arabidopsis thaliana Col0 root ion modulation. A time-course (from 10 min to 96 h) exposure of Arabidopsis to NNMF was compared to GMF and the content of some cations (NH4+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and anions (Cl-, SO4=, NO3- and PO4=) was evaluated by capillary electrophoresis. The expression of several cation and anion channel- and transporter-related genes was assessed by gene microarray. A few minutes after exposure to NNMF, Arabidopsis roots responded with a significant change in the content and gene expression of all nutrient ions under study, indicating the presence of a plant magnetoreceptor that responds immediately to MF variations by modulating channels, transporters and genes involved in mineral nutrition. The response of Arabidopsis to reduced MF was a general reduction of plant ion uptake and transport. Our data suggest the importance to understand the nature and function of the plant magnetoreceptor for future space programs involving plant growth in environments with a reduced MF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravishankar Narayana
- Department of Entomology, Penn State University, W249 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Judith Fliegmann
- ZMBP Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Paponov
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Dept. of Fruit and Vegetables, Ås, Norway
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ishijima S, Manabe Y, Shinkawa Y, Hotta A, Tokumasu A, Ida M, Sagami I. The homologous Arabidopsis MRS2/MGT/CorA-type Mg2+ channels, AtMRS2-10 and AtMRS2-1 exhibit different aluminum transport activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2184-2191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Liu C, Sun Q, Zhao L, Li Z, Peng Z, Zhang J. Heterologous Expression of the Transcription Factor EsNAC1 in Arabidopsis Enhances Abiotic Stress Resistance and Retards Growth by Regulating the Expression of Different Target Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1495. [PMID: 30374363 PMCID: PMC6196249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of a transcription factor (TF) gene in a related species is a useful method for crop breeding and the identification of gene function. The differences in phenotype and target gene expression between HE lines (with the heterologous expression of an ortholog) and OX lines (with an overexpressed native gene) must be understood. EsNAC1, encoding a NAC protein and the ortholog of RD26 in Arabidopsis, was cloned from Eutrema salsugineum and introduced into Arabidopsis. The heterologous expression of EsNAC1 retarded the vegetative growth of Arabidopsis, and the transgenic plants (HE lines) showed much greater resistance to salt and oxidative stress than the wild type, Col-0. The HE lines accumulated 2.8-fold (8-h light) of starch, 1.42-fold of Chlorophyll a and 1.31-fold of Chlorophyll b than Col-0 during the light period, with obvious differences compared to the RD26OX line. A genome-wide ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis)-on-chip assay revealed that EsNAC1 targeted promoters of different genes compared to RD26. In HE lines, EsNAC1 could specifically upregulate the expression level of TF genes NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 62 (ANAC062), INTEGRASE-TYPE DNA-BINDING PROTEIN (TINY2), and MYB HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION-RELATED (MYBH) to show more effective abiotic stress resistance than RD26OX lines. Moreover, DELTA1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 1 (P5CS1), TRYPTOPHAN BIOSYNTHESIS 2 (TRP2) or GALACTINOL SYNTHASE 2 (GOLS2), was also specifically regulated by EsNAC1 to retard the vegetative growth of HE lines, but not the brassinosteroid singling pathway in RD26OX lines. These differences in phenotypes and metabolism between the HE lines and the RD26OX line implied that the differential features could be produced from the diversity of target genes in the transgenic plants when the ortholog was introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juren Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Niu Y, Chen P, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hu S, Jin G, Tang C, Guo L. Natural variation among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in tolerance to high magnesium supply. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13640. [PMID: 30206317 PMCID: PMC6134027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High magnesium (Mg2+) in some extreme serpentine soils or semi-arid regions is an important factor affecting crop growth and development. Specific loci that form the genetic framework underlying high Mg2+ homeostasis, however, are not well understood. By using GWA mapping on 388 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana selected from a worldwide collection and genotyped at approximately 250,00 SNPs, we successfully identified 109 and 74 putative genetic regions associated in nutrient traits under normal (1,000 µM) and high Mg2+ (10,000 µM), respectively. Above 90% SNPs associated with nutrients including Mg2+ and only two SNPs shared between normal and high Mg2+. A single strong peak of SNPs associated with Ca concentration corresponding to candidate gene At1g60420 ARABIDOPSIS NUCLEOREDOXIN (AtNRX1) under high Mg2+ was further determined. Compared with wildtype, mutants of Atnrx1-1 and Atnrx1-2 supplied with high Mg2+ had higher Ca concentrations in the plant, and higher cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations during root elongation, as well as higher fresh weight and lateral-root number. This suggests that AtNRX1 was a critical gene negatively regulating Ca uptake under high Mg2+ conditions. The discovery could help to breed/select crops that can adapt to high-Mg2+ soils such as serpentine soils (high ratio of Mg2+: Ca2+) or Mars soil with high levels of magnesium sulfate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaofang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gulei Jin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Vic, 3086, Australia
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ogura T, Kobayashi NI, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Magnesium uptake characteristics in Arabidopsis revealed by 28Mg tracer studies. PLANTA 2018; 248:745-750. [PMID: 29882157 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Mg2+ uptake system in Arabidopsis roots is Gd3+- and Fe2+-sensitive, and responds to a changing Mg2+ concentration within 1 h with the participation of AtMRS2 transporters. Magnesium (Mg2+) absorption and the mechanism regulating its activity have not been clarified yet. To address these issues, it is necessary to reveal the characteristics of Mg2+ uptake in roots. Therefore, we first investigated the Mg2+ uptake characteristics in roots of 1-week-old Arabidopsis plants using 28Mg. The Mg2+ uptake system in roots was up-regulated within 1 h in response to the low Mg2+ condition. This induction was inhibited in Arabidopsis "mitochondrial RNA splicing 2/magnesium transport" mutants atmrs2-4/atmgt6 and atmrs2-7/atmgt7, while the expression of AtMRS2-4/AtMGT6 and AtMRS2-7/AtMGT7 genes in the Arabidopsis wild-type was not responsive to Mg2+ conditions. In addition, the Mg deficiency-induced Mg2+ uptake system was shut-down within 5 min when Mg2+ was resupplied to the environment. An inhibition study showed that the constitutive mechanism functioning in Mg2+ uptake under Mg2+ sufficient conditions was sensitive to a number of divalent and trivalent cations, particularly Gd3+ and Fe2+, but not to K+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ogura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoko M Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dhanapal AP, Ray JD, Smith JR, Purcell LC, Fritschi FB. Identification of Novel Genomic Loci Associated with Soybean Shoot Tissue Macro- and Micronutrient Concentrations. THE PLANT GENOME 2018; 11. [PMID: 30025027 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2017.07.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mineral composition of crop shoot tissues is important for yield formation and nutrient remobilization to seeds. The natural diversity that exists within crop species can be used to investigate mechanisms that define plant mineral composition and to identify important genomic loci for these processes. The objective of this study was to determine shoot mineral nutrient concentrations in genetically diverse soybean [ (L.) Merr.] genotypes and to identify genomic regions associated with concentrations of different nutrients in shoot tissue. The genotypes were grown at two locations in 2 yr and characterized for macronutrient (Ca, Mg, P, K, and S) and micronutrient (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations in shoot tissues. Genome-wide association studies were conducted with 31,748 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via a unified mixed model to identify SNPs associated with macro- and micronutrient concentrations. The number of putative loci identified for the macronutrients ranged from 11 for Ca to 20 for K. For the micronutrients, the number ranged from 10 for Mn to 24 for Fe. In addition to colocated loci for multiple nutrients, 22 individual SNPs were associated with more than one nutrient such that 11 different nutrient combinations were encompassed by these SNPs. Ultimately, the putative loci identified in this study will need to be confirmed and are expected to aid in the identification of new sources of variation for use in soybean breeding programs as well as for mechanistic studies aimed at understanding the regulation of mineral nutrient uptake, translocation, and shoot tissue concentrations.
Collapse
|
47
|
Li H, Liu C, Zhou L, Zhao Z, Li Y, Qu M, Huang K, Zhang L, Lu Y, Cao M, Gao S, Zhang S. Molecular and functional characterization of the magnesium transporter gene ZmMGT12 in maize. Gene 2018; 665:167-173. [PMID: 29702186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral element for normal plant growth and development, and the CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg transporters play a significant role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in plants. In total, 12 maize CorA-like Mg2+ transporters have been identified, but none of them had been functionally characterized. Accordingly, we cloned and functionally characterized ZmMGT12 from the maize CorA-like gene family. ZmMGT12 exhibited the structure typical of Mg2+ transporters, i.e., two conserved TM domains and a GMN tripeptide motif. ZmMGT12, Arabidopsis AtMGT6, and rice OsMRS2-6 shared high protein sequence identity and thus clustered in the same phylogenetic branch, suggesting that they could be homologs. A functional complementation assay in the Salmonella typhimurium MM281 mutant indicated that ZmMGT12 possessed Mg2+ transport ability. ZmMGT12 was expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, with the highest expression in leaves. Moreover, ZmMGT12 expression was induced by light and exhibited a circadian expression pattern. In addition, the expression level of ZmMGT12 in leaf tissue was related to chlorophyll synthesis. Overexpression of ZmMGT12 in Arabidopsis caused no phenotypic change in transgenic plants, including in fresh shoot weight, chlorophyll content, shoot Mg2+ content, and chloroplast Mg2+ content. Together, these results suggest that ZmMGT12 is a Mg2+ transporter and may play a role in Mg transport into chloroplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Moju Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yan YW, Mao DD, Yang L, Qi JL, Zhang XX, Tang QL, Li YP, Tang RJ, Luan S. Magnesium Transporter MGT6 Plays an Essential Role in Maintaining Magnesium Homeostasis and Regulating High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:274. [PMID: 29593754 PMCID: PMC5857585 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is one of the essential nutrients for all living organisms. Plants acquire Mg from the environment and distribute within their bodies in the ionic form via Mg2+-permeable transporters. In Arabidopsis, the plasma membrane-localized magnesium transporter MGT6 mediates Mg2+ uptake under Mg-limited conditions, and therefore is important for the plant adaptation to low-Mg environment. In this study, we further assessed the physiological function of MGT6 using a knockout T-DNA insertional mutant allele. We found that MGT6 was required for normal plant growth during various developmental stages when the environmental Mg2+ was low. Interestingly, in addition to the hypersensitivity to Mg2+ limitation, mgt6 mutants displayed dramatic growth defects when external Mg2+ was in excess. Compared with wild-type plants, mgt6 mutants generally contained less Mg2+ under both low and high external Mg2+ conditions. Reciprocal grafting experiments further underpinned a role of MGT6 in a shoot-based mechanism for detoxifying excessive Mg2+ in the environment. Moreover, we found that mgt6 mgt7 double mutant showed more severe phenotypes compared with single mutants under both low- and high-Mg2+ stress conditions, suggesting that these two MGT-type transporters play an additive role in controlling plant Mg2+ homeostasis under a wide range of external Mg2+ concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Yan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan-Dan Mao
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Lin Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun Y, Yang R, Li L, Huang J. The Magnesium Transporter MGT10 Is Essential for Chloroplast Development and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1584-1587. [PMID: 28989088 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Runan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li H, Wang N, Ding J, Liu C, Du H, Huang K, Cao M, Lu Y, Gao S, Zhang S. The maize CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg transporter, ZmMGT10, responses to magnesium deficiency and confers low magnesium tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:269-278. [PMID: 28871377 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ZmMGT10 was specifically expressed in maize roots and induced by a deficiency of magnesium. Overexpression of ZmMGT10 restored growth deficiency of the Salmonella typhimurium MM281 strain and enhanced the tolerance in Arabidopsis to stress induced by low magnesium levels by increasing uptake of Mg2+ via roots. CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg2+ transporters play a significant role in maintaining magnesium (Mg) homeostasis in plants. Although the maize CorA/MRS2/MGT family comprises of 12 members, currently no member has been functionally characterized. Here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of ZmMGT10 from the maize MRS2/MGT gene family. ZmMGT10 has a typical structure feature which includes two conserved TMs near the C-terminal end and an altered AMN tripeptide motif. The high sequence similarity and close phylogenetic relationship indicates that ZmMGT10 is probably the counterpart of Arabidopsis AtMGT6. The complementation of the Salmonella typhimurium mutated MM281 strain indicates that ZmMGT10 possesses the ability to transport Mg2+. ZmMGT10 was specifically expressed in the plant roots and it can be stimulated by a deficiency of Mg. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants which overexpressed ZmMGT10 grew more vigorously than wild-type plants under low Mg conditions, exhibited by longer root length, higher plant fresh weight and chlorophyll content, suggesting ZmMGT10 was essential for plant growth and development under low Mg conditions. Further investigations found that high accumulation of Mg2+ occurred in transgenic plants attributed to improved Mg2+ uptake and thereby enhanced tolerance to Mg deficiency. Results from this investigation illustrate that ZmMGT10 is a Mg transporter of maize which can enhance the tolerance to Mg deficient conditions by improving Mg2+ uptake in the transgenic plants of Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianzhou Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hanmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Moju Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|