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Cheng G, Zhou Z, Li S, Yang S, Wang Y, Ye Z, Ren C. Predicting bladder cancer survival with high accuracy: insights from MAPK pathway-related genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10482. [PMID: 38714855 PMCID: PMC11076554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a critical role in tumor development and immunotherapy. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to comprehend the relationship between the MAPK pathway and the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA), as well as its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. To create prognostic models, we screened ten genes associated with the MAPK pathway using COX and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. These models were validated in the Genomic Data Commons (GEO) cohort and further examined for immune infiltration, somatic mutation, and drug sensitivity characteristics. Finally, the findings were validated using The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and through Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the prognosis-related genes of the MAPK pathway. The high-risk group had poorer overall survival than the low-risk group and showed increased immune infiltration compared to the low-risk group. Additionally, the nomograms built using the risk scores and clinical factors exhibited high accuracy in predicting the survival of BLCA patients. The prognostic profiling of MAPK pathway-associated genes represents a potent clinical prediction tool, serving as the foundation for precise clinical treatment of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhuo Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chuanchuan Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Li C, Luo S, Feng L, Wang Q, Cheng J, Xie J, Lin Y, Fu Y, Jiang D, Chen T. Protist ubiquitin ligase effector PbE3-2 targets cysteine protease RD21A to impede plant immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1764-1778. [PMID: 38035763 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by the soil-borne protist pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most devastating diseases of Brassica oil and vegetable crops worldwide. Understanding the pathogen infection strategy is crucial for the development of disease control. However, because of its obligate biotrophic nature, the molecular mechanism by which this pathogen promotes infection remains largely unknown. P. brassicae E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (PbE3-2) is a Really Interesting New Gene (RING)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase in P. brassicae with E3 ligase activity in vitro. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) invertase assay and apoplast washing fluid extraction showed that PbE3-2 harbors a functional signal peptide. Overexpression of PbE3-2 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in higher susceptibility to P. brassicae and decreases in chitin-triggered reactive oxygen species burst and expression of marker genes in salicylic acid signaling. PbE3-2 interacted with and ubiquitinated host cysteine protease RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 21A (RD21A) in vitro and in vivo. Mutant plants deficient in RD21A exhibited similar susceptibility and compromised immune responses as in PbE3-2 overexpression plants. We show that PbE3-2, which targets RD21A, is an important virulence factor for P. brassicae. Two other secretory RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in P. brassicae performed the same function as PbE3-2 and ubiquitinated RD21A. This study reveals a substantial virulence functional role of protist E3 ubiquitin ligases and demonstrates a mechanism by which protist E3 ubiquitin ligases degrade host immune-associated cysteine proteases to impede host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shaofeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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Chen D, Li D, Li Z, Song Y, Li Q, Wang L, Zhou D, Xie F, Li Y. Legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation require interaction of DnaJ-like protein and lipid transfer protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2164-2179. [PMID: 37610417 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The lipid transport protein (LTP) product of the AsE246 gene of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) contributes to the transport of plant-synthesized lipids to the symbiosome membranes (SMs) that are required for nodule organogenesis in this legume. However, the mechanisms used by nodule-specific LTPs remain unknown. In this study, a functional protein in the DnaJ-like family, designated AsDJL1, was identified and shown to interact with AsE246. Immunofluorescence showed that AsDJL1 was expressed in infection threads (ITs) and in nodule cells and that it co-localized with rhizobium, and an immunoelectron microscopy assay localized the protein to SMs. Via co-transformation into Nicotiana benthamiana cells, AsDJL1 and AsE246 displayed subcellular co-localization in the cells of this heterologous host. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that AsDJL1 interacted with AsE246 in nodules. The essential interacting region of AsDJL1 was determined to be the zinc finger domain at its C-terminus. Chinese milk vetch plants transfected with AsDJL1-RNAi had significantly decreased numbers of ITs, nodule primordia and nodules as well as reduced (by 83%) nodule nitrogenase activity compared with the controls. By contrast, AsDJL1 overexpression led to increased nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity. RNAi-AsDJL1 also significantly affected the abundance of lipids, especially digalactosyldiacylglycerol, in early-infected roots and transgenic nodules. Taken together, the results of this study provide insights into the symbiotic functions of AsDJL1, which may participate in lipid transport to SMs and play an essential role in rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Song
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Donglai Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuli Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhang W, Li J, Li H, Zhang D, Zhu B, Yuan H, Gao T. Transcriptomic analysis of humic acid in relieving the inhibitory effect of high nitrogen on soybean nodulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1196939. [PMID: 37564385 PMCID: PMC10410467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1196939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Nitrogen fertilizer intake promotes soybean growth before the formation of nodules, but excess nitrogen has an inhibitory effect on soybean nodulation. It is important to balance nitrogen levels to meet both growth and nodulation needs. Methods the nitrogen level suitable for soybean growth and nodulation was studied, the role of humic acid (HA) in alleviating the inhibition of high nitrogen on soybean nodulation was analyzed, and transcriptomic analysis was performed to understand its mechanism. Results The results showed that a lower level of nitrogen with 36.4 mg urea per pot could increase the number of nodules of soybean, and a higher level of nitrogen with 145.9 mg urea per pot (U4 group) had the best growth indicators but inhibited nodulation significantly. HA relieved the inhibitory effect at high nitrogen level, and the number of nodules increased by 122.1% when 1.29 g HA was added (H2 group) compared with the U4 group. The transcriptome analysis was subsequently performed on the H2 and U4 groups, showing that there were 2995 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on the 25th day, accounting for 6.678% of the total annotated genes (44,848) under the test conditions. These DEGs were enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway-plant, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction based on the -log10 (P adjusted) value in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). Discussion HA balanced the nitrogen level through the above pathways in soybean planting to control the number of nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhang
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Waste, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Waste, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongya Li
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Waste, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Waste, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baocheng Zhu
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Waste, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongguo Gao
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Waste, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Fu B, Xu Z, Lei Y, Dong R, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhu H, Cao Y, Yan Z. A novel secreted protein, NISP1, is phosphorylated by soybean Nodulation Receptor Kinase to promote nodule symbiosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1297-1311. [PMID: 36534458 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nodulation Receptor Kinase (NORK) functions as a co-receptor of Nod factor receptors to mediate rhizobial symbiosis in legumes, but its direct phosphorylation substrates that positively mediate root nodulation remain to be fully identified. Here, we identified a GmNORK-Interacting Small Protein (GmNISP1) that functions as a phosphorylation target of GmNORK to promote soybean nodulation. GmNORKα directly interacted with and phosphorylated GmNISP1. Transcription of GmNISP1 was strongly induced after rhizobial infection in soybean roots and nodules. GmNISP1 encodes a peptide containing 90 amino acids with a "DY" consensus motif at its N-terminus. GmNISP1 protein was detected to be present in the apoplastic space. Phosphorylation of GmNISP1 by GmNORKα could enhance its secretion into the apoplast. Pretreatment with either purified GmNISP1 or phosphorylation-mimic GmNISP112D on the roots could significantly increase nodule numbers compared with the treatment with phosphorylation-inactive GmNISP112A . The data suggested a model that soybean GmNORK phosphorylates GmNISP1 to promote its secretion into the apoplast, which might function as a potential peptide hormone to promote root nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Fu
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yutao Lei
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ru Dong
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Hlaváčková K, Šamajová O, Hrbáčková M, Šamaj J, Ovečka M. Advanced microscopy resolves dynamic localization patterns of stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase SIMK during alfalfa root hair interactions with Ensifer meliloti. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad111. [PMID: 36951479 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plants have established a mutualistic endosymbiotic interaction with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia to secure nitrogen sources in new specialised organs called root nodules. Before nodule formation, the development of early symbiotic structures is essential for rhizobia docking, internalization, targeted delivery and intracellular accommodation. We have recently reported that overexpression of stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (SIMK) in alfalfa affects root hair, nodule and shoot formation, which raised the questions how SIMK may modulate these processes. In particular, detailed subcellular spatial distribution, activation and developmental relocation of SIMK during the early stages of alfalfa nodulation remain unclear. Here, we qualitatively and quantitatively characterised SIMK distribution patterns in Ensifer meliloti-infected root hairs using live-cell imaging and immunolocalization, employing alfalfa stable transgenic lines with genetically manipulated SIMK abundance and kinase activity. In the SIMKK-RNAi line, showing downregulation of SIMKK and SIMK, we found considerably decreased accumulation of phosphorylated SIMK around infection pockets and infection threads. However, this was strongly increased in the GFP-SIMK line, constitutively overexpressing GFP-tagged SIMK. Thus, genetically manipulated SIMK modulates root hair capacity to form infection pockets and infection threads. Employment of advanced light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) on intact plants allowed gentle and non-invasive imaging of spatiotemporal interactions between root hairs and symbiotic Ensifer meliloti, while immunofluorescence detection confirmed that SIMK was activated in these locations. Our results shed new light on SIMK spatiotemporal participation in early interactions between alfalfa and Ensifer meliloti, and its internalization into root hairs, showing that local accumulation of active SIMK indeed modulates early nodulation in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hlaváčková
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Hrbáčková
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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A Germin-Like Protein GLP1 of Legumes Mediates Symbiotic Nodulation by Interacting with an Outer Membrane Protein of Rhizobia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0335022. [PMID: 36633436 PMCID: PMC9927233 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03350-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia can infect legumes and induce the coordinated expression of symbiosis and defense genes for the establishment of mutualistic symbiosis. Numerous studies have elucidated the molecular interactions between rhizobia and host plants, which are associated with Nod factor, exopolysaccharide, and T3SS effector proteins. However, there have been relatively few reports about how the host plant recognizes the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of rhizobia to mediate symbiotic nodulation. In our previous work, a gene (Mhopa22) encoding an OMP was identified in Mesorhizobium huakuii 7653R, whose homologous genes are widely distributed in Rhizobiales. In this study, a germin-like protein GLP1 interacting with Mhopa22 was identified in Astragalus sinicus. RNA interference of AsGLP1 resulted in a decrease in nodule number, whereas overexpression of AsGLP1 increased the number of nodules in the hairy roots of A. sinicus. Consistent symbiotic phenotypes were identified in Medicago truncatula with MtGLPx (refer to medtr7g111240.1, the isogeny of AsGLP1) overexpression or Tnt1 mutant (glpx-1) in symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. The glpx-1 mutant displayed hyperinfection and the formation of more infection threads but a decrease in root nodules. RNA sequencing analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes were involved in hormone signaling and symbiosis. Taken together, AsGLP1 and its homology play an essential role in mediating the early symbiotic process through interacting with the OMPs of rhizobia. IMPORTANCE This study is the first report to characterize a legume host plant protein to sense and interact with an outer membrane protein (OMP) of rhizobia. It can be speculated that GLP1 plays an essential role to mediate early symbiotic process through interacting with OMPs of rhizobia. The results provide deeper understanding and novel insights into the molecular interactive mechanism of a legume symbiosis signaling pathway in recognition with rhizobial OMPs. Our findings may also provide a new perspective to improve the symbiotic compatibility and nodulation of legume.
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Singh J, Verma PK. Role of Nod factor receptors and its allies involved in nitrogen fixation. PLANTA 2023; 257:54. [PMID: 36780015 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysin motif (LysM)-receptor-like kinase (RLK) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-RLK mediated signaling play important roles in the development and regulation of root nodule symbiosis in legumes. The availability of water and nutrients in the soil is a major limiting factor affecting crop productivity. Plants of the Leguminosae family form a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing Gram-negative soil bacteria, rhizobia for nitrogen fixation. This symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia depends on the signal exchange between them. Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) containing lysin motif (LysM) and/or leucine-rich repeat (LRR) play an important role in the perception of chemical signals from rhizobia for initiation and establishment of root nodule symbiosis (RNS) that results in nitrogen fixation. This review highlights the diverse aspects of LysM-RLK and LRR receptors including their specificity, functions, interacting partners, regulation, and associated signaling in RNS. The activation of LysM-RLKs and LRR-RLKs is important for ensuring the successful interaction between legume roots and rhizobia. The intracellular regions of the receptors enable additional layers of signaling that help in the transduction of signals intracellularly. Additionally, symbiosis receptor-like kinase (SYMRK) containing the LRR motif acts as a co-receptor with Nod factors receptors (LysM-RLK). Cleavage of the malectin-like domain from the SYMRK ectodomain is a mechanism for controlling SYMRK stability. Overall, this review has discussed different aspects of legume receptors that are critical to the perception of signals from rhizobia and their subsequent role in creating the mutualistic relationship necessary for nitrogen fixation. Additionally, it has been discussed how crucial it is to extrapolate the knowledge gained from model legumes to crop legumes such as chickpea and common bean to better understand the mechanism underlying nodule formation in crop legumes. Future directions have also been proposed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Singh
- Plant-Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 54090, Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Plant-Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Plant-Immunity Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 10067, India.
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Identification and Expression Analysis of MPK and MKK Gene Families in Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315190. [PMID: 36499523 PMCID: PMC9737717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases consist of three kinase modules composed of MPKs, MKKs, and MPKKKs. As members of the protein kinase (PK) superfamily, they are involved in various processes, such as developmental programs, cell division, hormonal progression, and signaling responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a total of 18 MPKs and 10 MKKs were annotated on the pecan genome, all of which could be classified into four subgroups, respectively. The gene structures and conserved sequences of family members in the same branch were relatively similar. All MPK proteins had a conserved motif TxY, and D(L/I/V)K and VGTxxYMSPER existed in all MKK proteins. Duplication events contributed largely to the expansion of the pecan MPK and MKK gene families. Phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences from six plants indicated that species evolution occurred in pecan. Organ-specific expression profiles of MPK and MKK showed functional diversity. Ka/Ks values indicated that all genes with duplicated events underwent strong negative selection. Seven CiPawMPK and four CiPawMKK genes with high expression levels were screened by transcriptomic data from different organs, and these candidates were validated by qRT-PCR analysis of hormone-treated and stressed samples.
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Clúa J, Rípodas C, Roda C, Battaglia ME, Zanetti ME, Blanco FA. NIPK, a protein pseudokinase that interacts with the C subunit of the transcription factor NF-Y, is involved in rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992543. [PMID: 36212340 PMCID: PMC9532615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factors are key regulators of the symbiotic program that controls rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. Using a yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified a putative protein kinase of Phaseolus vulgaris that interacts with the C subunit of the NF-Y complex. Physical interaction between NF-YC1 Interacting Protein Kinase (NIPK) and NF-YC1 occurs in the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. Only one of the three canonical amino acids predicted to be required for catalytic activity is conserved in NIPK and its putative homologs from lycophytes to angiosperms, indicating that NIPK is an evolutionary conserved pseudokinase. Post-transcriptional silencing on NIPK affected infection and nodule organogenesis, suggesting NIPK is a positive regulator of the NF-Y transcriptional complex. In addition, NIPK is required for activation of cell cycle genes and early symbiotic genes in response to rhizobia, including NF-YA1 and NF-YC1. However, strain preference in co-inoculation experiments was not affected by NIPK silencing, suggesting that some functions of the NF-Y complex are independent of NIPK. Our work adds a new component associated with the NF-Y transcriptional regulators in the context of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.
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Majeed Y, Zhu X, Zhang N, Rasheed A, Tahir MM, Si H. Functional analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in potato under biotic and abiotic stress. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:31. [PMID: 37312964 PMCID: PMC10248695 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses are the main constrain of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production all over the world. To overcome these hurdles, many techniques and mechanisms have been used for increasing food demand for increasing population. One of such mechanism is mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which is significance regulators of MAPK pathway under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions in plants. However, the acute role in potato for various biotic and abiotic resistance is not fully understood. In eukaryotes including plants, MAPK transfer information from sensors to responses. In potato, biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as a range of developmental responses including differentiation, proliferation, and cell death in plants, MAPK plays an essential role in transduction of diverse extracellular stimuli. Different biotic and abiotic stress stimuli such as pathogen (bacteria, virus, and fungi, etc.) infections, drought, high and low temperatures, high salinity, and high or low osmolarity are induced by several MAPK cascade and MAPK gene families in potato crop. The MAPK cascade is synchronized by numerous mechanisms, including not only transcriptional regulation but also through posttranscriptional regulation such as protein-protein interactions. In this review, we will discuss the recent detailed functional analysis of certain specific MAPK gene families which are involved in resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses in potato. This study will also provide new insights into functional analysis of various MAPK gene families in biotic and abiotic stress response as well as its possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Adnan Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Crops Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Majid Mahmood Tahir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Huaijun Si
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Wang D, Dong W, Murray J, Wang E. Innovation and appropriation in mycorrhizal and rhizobial Symbioses. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1573-1599. [PMID: 35157080 PMCID: PMC9048890 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants benefit from endosymbiotic interactions with mycorrhizal fungi, including legumes and some nonlegumes that also interact with endosymbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria to form nodules. In addition to these helpful interactions, plants are continuously exposed to would-be pathogenic microbes: discriminating between friends and foes is a major determinant of plant survival. Recent breakthroughs have revealed how some key signals from pathogens and symbionts are distinguished. Once this checkpoint has been passed and a compatible symbiont is recognized, the plant coordinates the sequential development of two types of specialized structures in the host. The first serves to mediate infection, and the second, which appears later, serves as sophisticated intracellular nutrient exchange interfaces. The overlap in both the signaling pathways and downstream infection components of these symbioses reflects their evolutionary relatedness and the common requirements of these two interactions. However, the different outputs of the symbioses, phosphate uptake versus N fixation, require fundamentally different components and physical environments and necessitated the recruitment of different master regulators, NODULE INCEPTION-LIKE PROTEINS, and PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSES, for nodulation and mycorrhization, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Ertao Wang
- Authors for correspondence: (E.W) and (J.M.)
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13
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Roy Choudhury S, Pandey S. SymRK-dependent phosphorylation of Gα protein and its role in signaling during soybean (Glycine max) nodulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:277-291. [PMID: 35048428 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins, comprised of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, influence signaling in most eukaryotes. In metazoans, G proteins are activated by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated GDP to GTP exchange on Gα; however, the role(s) of GPCRs in regulating plant G-protein signaling remains equivocal. Mounting evidence suggests the involvement of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) in regulating plant G-protein signaling, but their mechanistic details remain scarce. We have previously shown that during Glycine max (soybean) nodulation, the nod factor receptor 1 (NFR1) interacts with G-protein components and indirectly affects signaling. We explored the direct regulation of G-protein signaling by RLKs using protein-protein interactions, receptor-mediated in vitro phosphorylations and the effects of such phosphorylations on soybean nodule formation. Results presented in this study demonstrate a direct, phosphorylation-based regulation of Gα by symbiosis receptor kinase (SymRK). SymRKs interact with and phosphorylate Gα at multiple residues in vitro, including two in its active site, which abolishes GTP binding. Additionally, phospho-mimetic Gα fails to interact with Gβγ, potentially allowing for constitutive signaling by the freed Gβγ. These results uncover an unusual mechanism of G-protein cycle regulation in plants where the receptor-mediated phosphorylation of Gα not only affects its activity but also influences the availability of its signaling partners, thereby exerting a two-pronged check on signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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14
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Su L, Xu C, Zeng S, Su L, Joshi T, Stacey G, Xu D. Large-Scale Integrative Analysis of Soybean Transcriptome Using an Unsupervised Autoencoder Model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831204. [PMID: 35310659 PMCID: PMC8927983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissues are distinguished by their gene expression patterns, which can help identify tissue-specific highly expressed genes and their differential functional modules. For this purpose, large-scale soybean transcriptome samples were collected and processed starting from raw sequencing reads in a uniform analysis pipeline. To address the gene expression heterogeneity in different tissues, we utilized an adversarial deconfounding autoencoder (AD-AE) model to map gene expressions into a latent space and adapted a standard unsupervised autoencoder (AE) model to help effectively extract meaningful biological signals from the noisy data. As a result, four groups of 1,743, 914, 2,107, and 1,451 genes were found highly expressed specifically in leaf, root, seed and nodule tissues, respectively. To obtain key transcription factors (TFs), hub genes and their functional modules in each tissue, we constructed tissue-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs), and differential correlation networks by using corrected and compressed gene expression data. We validated our results from the literature and gene enrichment analysis, which confirmed many identified tissue-specific genes. Our study represents the largest gene expression analysis in soybean tissues to date. It provides valuable targets for tissue-specific research and helps uncover broader biological patterns. Code is publicly available with open source at https://github.com/LingtaoSu/SoyMeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtao Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shuai Zeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Li Su
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Health Management and Informatics and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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15
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Feng Y, Wu P, Liu C, Peng L, Wang T, Wang C, Tan Q, Li B, Ou Y, Zhu H, Yuan S, Huang R, Stacey G, Zhang Z, Cao Y. Suppression of LjBAK1-mediated immunity by SymRK promotes rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1935-1950. [PMID: 34314895 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An important question in biology is how organisms can associate with different microbes that pose no threat (commensals), pose a severe threat (pathogens), and those that are beneficial (symbionts). The root nodule symbiosis serves as an important model system for addressing such questions in the context of plant-microbe interactions. It is now generally accepted that rhizobia can actively suppress host immune responses during the infection process, analogous to the way in which plant pathogens can evade immune recognition. However, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms by which the host recognizes the rhizobia as pathogens and how, subsequently, these pathways are suppressed to allow establishment of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. In this study, we found that SymRK (Symbiosis Receptor-like Kinase) is required for rhizobial suppression of plant innate immunity in Lotus japonicus. SymRK associates with LjBAK1 (BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-Associated receptor Kinase 1), a well-characterized positive regulator of plant innate immunity, and directly inhibits LjBAK1 kinase activity. Rhizobial inoculation enhances the association between SymRK and LjBAK1 in planta. LjBAK1 is required for the regulation of plant innate immunity and plays a negative role in rhizobial infection in L. japonicus. The data indicate that the SymRK-LjBAK1 protein complex serves as an intersection point between rhizobial symbiotic signaling pathways and innate immunity pathways, and support that rhizobia may actively suppress the host's ability to mount a defense response during the legume-rhizobium symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liwei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yajuan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Songli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Renliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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16
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Gao JP, Xu P, Wang M, Zhang X, Yang J, Zhou Y, Murray JD, Song CP, Wang E. Nod factor receptor complex phosphorylates GmGEF2 to stimulate ROP signaling during nodulation. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3538-3550.e5. [PMID: 34216556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of the symbiotic interaction between rhizobia and legumes involves the Nod factor signaling pathway. Nod factor recognition occurs through two plant receptors, NFR1 and NFR5. However, the signal transduction mechanisms downstream of NFR1-NFR5-mediated Nod factor perception remain largely unknown. Here, we report that a small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), GmROP9, and a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GmGEF2, are involved in the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis. We show that GmNFR1α phosphorylates GmGEF2a at its N-terminal S86, which stimulates guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-to-GTP exchange to activate GmROP9 and that the active form of GmROP9 can associate with both GmNFR1α and GmNFR5α. We further show that a scaffold protein, GmRACK1, interacts with active GmROP9 and contributes to root nodule symbiosis. Collectively, our results highlight the symbiotic role of GmROP9-GmRACK1 and support the hypothesis that rhizobial signals promote the formation of a protein complex comprising GmNFR1, GmNFR5, GmROP9, and GmRACK1 for symbiotic signal transduction in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Peng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Zaynab M, Hussain A, Sharif Y, Fatima M, Sajid M, Rehman N, Yang X, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, Li S. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071371. [PMID: 34371574 PMCID: PMC8309457 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are the universal signal transduction networks that regulate cell growth and development, hormone signaling, and other environmental stresses. However, their essential contribution to plant tolerance is very little known in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) plant. The current study carried out a genome-wide study of StMAPK and provided a deep insight using bioinformatics tools. In addition, the relative expression of StMAPKs was also assessed in different plant tissues. The similarity search results identified a total of 22 StMAPK genes in the potato genome. The sequence alignment also showed conserved motif TEY/TDY in most StMAPKs with conserved docking LHDXXEP sites. The phylogenetic analysis divided all 22 StMAPK genes into five groups, i.e., A, B, C, D, and E, showing some common structural motifs. In addition, most of the StMAPKs were found in a cluster form at the terminal of chromosomes. The promoter analysis predicted several stress-responsive Cis-acting regulatory elements in StMAPK genes. Gene duplication under selection pressure also indicated several purifying and positive selections in StMAPK genes. In potato, StMAPK2, StMAPK6, and StMAPK19 showed a high expression in response to heat stress. Under ABA and IAA treatment, the expression of the total 20 StMAPK genes revealed that ABA and IAA played an essential role in this defense process. The expression profiling and real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) exhibited their high expression in roots and stems compared to leaves. These results deliver primary data for functional analysis and provide reference data for other important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zaynab
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 51807, China; (M.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Athar Hussain
- Genomics Lab, Department of Life Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Yasir Sharif
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Mahpara Fatima
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Mateen Sajid
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan;
| | - Nazia Rehman
- National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 51807, China; (M.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.K.); (H.A.G.)
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A. Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.K.); (H.A.G.)
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 51807, China; (M.Z.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Hrbáčková M, Luptovčiak I, Hlaváčková K, Dvořák P, Tichá M, Šamajová O, Novák D, Bednarz H, Niehaus K, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. Overexpression of alfalfa SIMK promotes root hair growth, nodule clustering and shoot biomass production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:767-784. [PMID: 33112469 PMCID: PMC8051612 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and legumes have developed complex mutualistic mechanism that allows to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. Signalling by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) seems to be involved in this symbiotic interaction. Previously, we reported that stress-induced MAPK (SIMK) shows predominantly nuclear localization in alfalfa root epidermal cells. Nevertheless, SIMK is activated and relocalized to the tips of growing root hairs during their development. SIMK kinase (SIMKK) is a well-known upstream activator of SIMK. Here, we characterized production parameters of transgenic alfalfa plants with genetically manipulated SIMK after infection with Sinorhizobium meliloti. SIMKK RNAi lines, causing strong downregulation of both SIMKK and SIMK, showed reduced root hair growth and lower capacity to form infection threads and nodules. In contrast, constitutive overexpression of GFP-tagged SIMK promoted root hair growth as well as infection thread and nodule clustering. Moreover, SIMKK and SIMK downregulation led to decrease, while overexpression of GFP-tagged SIMK led to increase of biomass in above-ground part of plants. These data suggest that genetic manipulations causing downregulation or overexpression of SIMK affect root hair, nodule and shoot formation patterns in alfalfa, and point to the new biotechnological potential of this MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Hrbáčková
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Ivan Luptovčiak
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hlaváčková
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Michaela Tichá
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Dominik Novák
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Hanna Bednarz
- Faculty of BiologyCenter for Biotechnology – CeBiTecUniversität BielefeldBielefeldGermany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Faculty of BiologyCenter for Biotechnology – CeBiTecUniversität BielefeldBielefeldGermany
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
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19
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Dong NQ, Lin HX. Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant-environment interactions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:180-209. [PMID: 33325112 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid metabolism is one of the most important metabolisms in plants, yielding more than 8,000 metabolites contributing to plant development and plant-environment interplay. Phenylpropanoid metabolism materialized during the evolution of early freshwater algae that were initiating terrestrialization and land plants have evolved multiple branches of this pathway, which give rise to metabolites including lignin, flavonoids, lignans, phenylpropanoid esters, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, and sporopollenin. Recent studies have revealed that many factors participate in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and modulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis when plants undergo successive developmental processes and are subjected to stressful environments. In this review, we summarize recent progress on elucidating the contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to the coordination of plant development and plant-environment interaction, and metabolic flux redirection among diverse metabolic routes. In addition, our review focuses on the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels, and in response to phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Qian Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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20
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Luo Y, Liu D, Jiao S, Liu S, Wang X, Shen X, Wei G. Identification of Robinia pseudoacacia target proteins responsive to Mesorhizobium amphore CCNWGS0123 effector protein NopT. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7347-7363. [PMID: 32865563 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nodulation outer proteins secreted via type 3 secretion systems are involved in the process of symbiosis between legume plants and rhizobia. To study the function of NopT in symbiosis, we mutated nopT in Mesorhizobium amphore CCNWGS0123 (GS0123), which can nodulate black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). The nopT mutant induced higher levels of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in the roots of R. pseudoacacia compared with wild-type GS0123. The ΔnopT mutant induced higher disease-resistant gene expression 72 hours post-inoculation (hpi), whereas GS0123 induced higher disease-resistant gene expression earlier, at 36 hpi. Compared with the nopT mutant, GS0123 induced the up-regulation of most genes at 36 hpi and the down-regulation of most genes at 72 hpi. Proteolytically active NopT_GS0123 induced hypersensitive responses when expressed transiently in tobacco leaves (Nicotiana benthamiana). Two NopT_GS0123 targets in R. pseudoacacia were identified, ATP-citrate synthase alpha chain protein 2 and hypersensitive-induced response protein. Their interactions with NopT_GS0123 triggered resistance by the plant immune system. In conclusion, NopT_GS0123 inhibited the host plant immune system and had minimal effect on nodulation in R. pseudoacacia. Our results reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of NopT function in plant-symbiont interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- Department of Liquor Making Engineering, Moutai College, Renhuai, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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21
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Si Z, Guan N, Zhou Y, Mei L, Li Y, Li Y. A Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B Is Required for the Establishment of Astragalus sinicus-Mesorhizobium Symbiosis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1631-1645. [PMID: 32618998 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) is involved in oxidative stress or defense responses in plants. However, little is known about its role in legume-rhizobium symbiosis. In this study, an MsrB gene was identified from Astragalus sinicus and its function in symbiosis was characterized. AsMsrB was induced under phosphorus starvation and displayed different expression patterns under symbiotic and nonsymbiotic conditions. Hydrogen peroxide or methyl viologen treatment enhanced the transcript level of AsMsrB in roots and nodules. Subcellular localization showed that AsMsrB was localized in the cytoplasm of onion epidermal cells and co-localized with rhizobia in nodules. Plants with AsMsrB-RNAi hairy roots exhibited significant decreases in nodule number, nodule nitrogenase activity and fresh weight of the aerial part, as well as an abnormal nodule and symbiosome development. Statistical analysis of infection events showed that plants with AsMsrB-RNAi hairy roots had significant decreases in the number of root hair curling events, infection threads and nodule primordia compared with the control. The content of hydrogen peroxide increased in AsMsrB-RNAi roots but decreased in AsMsrB overexpression roots at the early stage of infection. The transcriptome analysis showed synergistic modulations of the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species generation and scavenging, defense and pathogenesis and early nodulation. In addition, a candidate protein interacting with AsMsrB was identified and confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Taken together, our results indicate that AsMsrB plays an essential role in nodule development and symbiotic nitrogen fixation by affecting the redox homeostasis in roots and nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ning Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingli Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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22
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Dephosphorylation of LjMPK6 by Phosphatase LjPP2C is Involved in Regulating Nodule Organogenesis in Lotus japonicus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155565. [PMID: 32756503 PMCID: PMC7432216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) LjMPK6 is a phosphorylation target of SIP2, a MAPK kinase that interacts with SymRK (symbiosis receptor-like kinase) for regulation of legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Both LjMPK6 and SIP2 are required for nodulation in Lotus japonicus. However, the dephosphorylation of LjMPK6 and its regulatory components in nodule development remains unexplored. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified a type 2C protein phosphatase, LjPP2C, that specifically interacts with and dephosphorylates LjMPK6 in vitro. Physiological and biochemical assays further suggested that LjPP2C phosphatase is required for dephosphorylation of LjMPK6 in vivo and for fine-tuning nodule development after rhizobial inoculation. A non-phosphorylatable mutant variant LjMPK6 (T224A Y226F) could mimic LjPP2C functioning in MAPK dephosphorylation required for nodule development in hairy root transformed plants. Collectively, our study demonstrates that interaction with LjPP2C phosphatase is required for dephosphorylation of LjMPK6 to fine tune nodule development in L. japonicus.
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23
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He L, Lei Y, Li X, Peng Q, Liu W, Jiao K, Su S, Hu Z, Shen Z, Luo D. SYMMETRIC PETALS 1 Encodes an ALOG Domain Protein that Controls Floral Organ Internal Asymmetry in Pea ( Pisum sativum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4060. [PMID: 32517095 PMCID: PMC7313044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to typical radially symmetrical flowers, zygomorphic flowers, such as those produced by pea (Pisum sativum L.), have bilateral symmetry, manifesting dorsoventral (DV) and organ internal (IN) asymmetry. However, the molecular mechanism controlling IN asymmetry remains largely unclear. Here, we used a comparative mapping approach to clone SYMMETRIC PETALS 1 (SYP1), which encodes a key regulator of floral organ internal asymmetry. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SYP1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYL 3 (LSH3), an ALOG (Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1) family transcription factor. Genetic analysis and physical interaction assays showed that COCHLEATA (COCH, Arabidopsis BLADE-ON-PETIOLE ortholog), a known regulator of compound leaf and nodule identity in pea, is involved in organ internal asymmetry and interacts with SYP1. COCH and SYP1 had similar expression patterns and COCH and SYP1 target to the nucleus. Furthermore, our results suggested that COCH represses the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of SYP1 and regulates its abundance. Our study suggested that the COCH-SYP1 module plays a pivotal role in floral organ internal asymmetry development in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.P.); (W.L.); (K.J.); (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Yawen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.P.); (W.L.); (K.J.); (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Qincheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.P.); (W.L.); (K.J.); (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.P.); (W.L.); (K.J.); (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Keyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.P.); (W.L.); (K.J.); (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Shihao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.P.); (W.L.); (K.J.); (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Da Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.H.); (Y.L.); (Q.P.); (W.L.); (K.J.); (S.S.); (D.L.)
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24
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Genome-wide identification of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and expression profiling of CmMAPKs in melon (Cucumis melo L.). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232756. [PMID: 32407323 PMCID: PMC7224490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a form of serine/threonine protein kinase that activated by extracellular stimulation acting through the MAPK cascade (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK). The MAPK cascade gene family, an important family of protein kinases, plays a vital role in responding to various stresses and hormone signal transduction processes in plants. In this study, we identified 14 CmMAPKs, 6 CmMAPKKs and 64 CmMAPKKKs in melon genome. Based on structural characteristics and a comparison of phylogenetic relationships of MAPK gene families from Arabidopsis, cucumber and watermelon, CmMAPKs and CmMAPKKs were categorized into 4 groups, and CmMAPKKKs were categorized into 3 groups. Furthermore, chromosome location revealed an unevenly distribution on chromosomes of MAPK cascade genes in melon, respectively. Eventually, qRT-PCR analysis showed that all 14 CmMAPKs had different expression patterns under drought, salt, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), red light (RL), and Podosphaera xanthii (P. xanthii) treatments. Overall, the expression levels of CmMAPK3 and CmMAPK7 under different treatments were higher than those in control. Our study provides an important basis for future functional verification of MAPK genes in regulating responses to stress and signal substance in melon.
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25
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Chiu CH, Paszkowski U. Receptor-Like Kinases Sustain Symbiotic Scrutiny. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1597-1612. [PMID: 32054781 PMCID: PMC7140970 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) control the initiation, development, and maintenance of symbioses with beneficial mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Carbohydrate perception activates symbiosis signaling via Lysin-motif RLKs and subsequently the common symbiosis signaling pathway. As the receptors activated are often also immune receptors in multiple species, exactly how carbohydrate identities avoid immune activation and drive symbiotic outcome is still not fully understood. This may involve the coincident detection of additional signaling molecules that provide specificity. Because of the metabolic costs of supporting symbionts, the level of symbiosis development is fine-tuned by a range of local and mobile signals that are activated by various RLKs. Beyond early, precontact symbiotic signaling, signal exchanges ensue throughout infection, nutrient exchange, and turnover of symbiosis. Here, we review the latest understanding of plant symbiosis signaling from the perspective of RLK-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hao Chiu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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26
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Feng Y, Wu P, Fu W, Peng L, Zhu H, Cao Y, Zhou X, Hong Z, Zhang Z, Yuan S. The Lotus japonicus Ubiquitin Ligase SIE3 Interacts With the Transcription Factor SIP1 and Forms a Homodimer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:795. [PMID: 32595680 PMCID: PMC7303358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The symbiosis receptor kinase SymRK plays an essential role in symbiotic signal transduction and nodule organogenesis. Several proteins bind to SymRK, but how the symbiosis signals are transduced from SymRK to downstream components remains elusive. We previously demonstrated that both SymRK interacting protein 1 (SIP1, an ARID-type DNA-binding protein) and SymRK interacting E3 ligase [SIE3, a RING (Really Interesting New Gene)-containing E3 ligase] interact with SymRK to regulate downstream cellular responses in Lotus japonicus during the legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Here, we show that SIE3 interacts with SIP1 in both yeast cells and Nicotiana benthamiana. SIE3 associated with itself and formed a homodimer. The cysteine 266 residue was found to be essential for SIE3 dimerization and for promoting nodulation in transgenic hairy roots of L. japonicus. Our findings provide a foundation for further investigating the regulatory mechanisms of the SymRK-mediated signaling pathway, as well as the biological function of E3 ligase dimerization in nodule organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liwei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People’s Republic of China, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences and Program of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongming Zhang,
| | - Songli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People’s Republic of China, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Songli Yuan,
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27
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Roy S, Liu W, Nandety RS, Crook A, Mysore KS, Pislariu CI, Frugoli J, Dickstein R, Udvardi MK. Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:15-41. [PMID: 31649123 PMCID: PMC6961631 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Since 1999, various forward- and reverse-genetic approaches have uncovered nearly 200 genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legumes. These discoveries advanced our understanding of the evolution of SNF in plants and its relationship to other beneficial endosymbioses, signaling between plants and microbes, the control of microbial infection of plant cells, the control of plant cell division leading to nodule development, autoregulation of nodulation, intracellular accommodation of bacteria, nodule oxygen homeostasis, the control of bacteroid differentiation, metabolism and transport supporting symbiosis, and the control of nodule senescence. This review catalogs and contextualizes all of the plant genes currently known to be required for SNF in two model legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, and two crop species, Glycine max (soybean) and Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). We also briefly consider the future of SNF genetics in the era of pan-genomics and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Wei Liu
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | | | - Ashley Crook
- College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | | | | | - Julia Frugoli
- College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton Texas 76203
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28
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Si Z, Yang Q, Liang R, Chen L, Chen D, Li Y. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene MtDGD1 Plays an Essential Role in Nodule Development and Nitrogen Fixation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1196-1209. [PMID: 30986120 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-18-0322-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the genes participating in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) synthesis during nodule symbiosis. Here, we identified full-length MtDGD1, a synthase of DGDG, and characterized its effect on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that MtDGD1 was located on the symbiosome membranes in the infected cells. β-Glucuronidase histochemical staining revealed that MtDGD1 was highly expressed in the infection zone of young nodules as well as in the whole mature nodules. Compared with the control, MtDGD1-RNA interference transgenic plants exhibited significant decreases in nodule number, symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity, and DGDG abundance in the nodules, as well as abnormal nodule and symbiosome development. Overexpression of MtDGD1 resulted in enhancement of nodule number and nitrogen fixation activity. In response to phosphorus starvation, the MtDGD1 expression level was substantially upregulated and the abundance of nonphospholipid DGDG was significantly increased in the roots and nodules, accompanied by corresponding decreases in the abundance of phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. Overall, our results indicate that DGD1 contributes to effective nodule organogenesis and nitrogen fixation by affecting the synthesis and content of DGDG during symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dasong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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29
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Yin J, Guan X, Zhang H, Wang L, Li H, Zhang Q, Chen T, Xu Z, Hong Z, Cao Y, Zhang Z. An MAP kinase interacts with LHK1 and regulates nodule organogenesis in Lotus japonicus. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1203-1217. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Zhu X, Guo J, He F, Zhang Y, Tan C, Yang Q, Huang C, Kang Z, Guo J. Silencing PsKPP4, a MAP kinase kinase kinase gene, reduces pathogenicity of the stripe rust fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2590-2602. [PMID: 30047240 PMCID: PMC6638076 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many obligately parasitic pathogens absorb nutrients from host plants via specialized infection structures, called haustoria and infection hyphae, to further colonization and growth in the host plant. In the wheat (Triticum aestivum) stripe rust fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) PsFUZ7 is involved in the regulation of haustorium formation and invasive growth. Here, we functionally characterized PsKPP4 of Pst, which is homologous to the yeast MAPKKK STE11. Similar to the silencing of PsFUZ7, the knockdown of PsKPP4 was detected in the vegetative hyphae and haustoria, resulting in the reduced pathogenicity of Pst. Pst urediniospores treated with the STE11 MAPKKK activation inhibitor produced deformed germ tubes. In addition, overexpression of PsKPP4 in fission yeast resulted in the production of fusiform cells and increased tolerance of yeast cells to oxidative stress. The transformation of PsKPP4 into the mst11 mutant of Magnaporthe oryzae partially restored mst11 function. The PsKPP4 protein contains a sterile alpha motif (SAM), Ras association (RA) and kinase domains, similar to its homologues in other fungi. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that the SAM domain is essential for the interaction between PsKPP4 and PsUBC2, a homologue of Ustilago maydis UBC2, known to interact with KPP4, which is associated with the regulation of the Fus3 cascade. Host-induced gene silencing of PsUBC2 reduced the pathogenicity of Pst slightly, indicating that PsUBC2 also plays a minor role in the regulation of the infection pathway of Pst. These observations indicate that PsKPP4, interacting with PsUBC2, may play an important role in the regulation of infection-related morphogenesis in Pst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Fuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Chenglong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Chuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina
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31
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Yu H, Xiao A, Dong R, Fan Y, Zhang X, Liu C, Wang C, Zhu H, Duanmu D, Cao Y, Zhang Z. Suppression of innate immunity mediated by the CDPK-Rboh complex is required for rhizobial colonization in Medicago truncatula nodules. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:425-434. [PMID: 30129677 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of innate immunity is essential for rhizobial infection and colonization in compatible interactions with leguminous plants. In Medicago nad1 mutant plants, innate immunity is excessively activated, resulting in necrotic cell death after rhizobia are released from infection threads into symbiotic cells, suggesting that innate immunity plays a critical role in regulating bacteroid persistence. In this study, we identified three respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rboh) and one calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) as key factors for the activation of immunity in Medicago nodules using genetic and biochemical methods. Knock-out of either MtRbohB or MtRbohD in nad1-1 mutant plants produced effective nodules with intact symbiotic cells, while knock-out of MtRbohC decreased brown pigment deposition, leading to less necrosis in nad1-1 mutant nodules. MtCDPK5 directly phosphorylated MtRbohB, MtRbohC and MtRbohD, which triggered immune responses in plants. Knock-out of MtCDPK5 in nad1-1 mutant plants partially restored nitrogen-fixing nodules. Overexpression of the constitutively activated variant MtCDPK5VK under the control of the NAD1 promoter elicited strong immune responses, resulting in ineffective nodules in wild-type plants. Our data provide direct evidence that host plants utilize innate immunity to regulate rhizobial colonization in symbiotic cells in Medicago truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Aifang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ru Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuqian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zhang L, Liu JY, Gu H, Du Y, Zuo JF, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Li P, Dunwell JM, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang YM. Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110- Glycine max Interactome Provides Candidate Proteins Associated with Symbiosis. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3061-3074. [PMID: 30091610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the legume-rhizobium symbiosis is a most-important biological process, there is a limited knowledge about the protein interaction network between host and symbiont. Using interolog- and domain-based approaches, we constructed an interspecies protein interactome containing 5115 protein-protein interactions between 2291 Glycine max and 290 Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110 proteins. The interactome was further validated by the expression pattern analysis in nodules, gene ontology term semantic similarity, co-expression analysis, and luciferase complementation image assay. In the G. max-B. diazoefficiens interactome, bacterial proteins are mainly ion channel and transporters of carbohydrates and cations, while G. max proteins are mainly involved in the processes of metabolism, signal transduction, and transport. We also identified the top 10 highly interacting proteins (hubs) for each species. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis for each hub showed that a pair of 14-3-3 proteins (SGF14g and SGF14k) and 5 heat shock proteins in G. max are possibly involved in symbiosis, and 10 hubs in B. diazoefficiens may be important symbiotic effectors. Subnetwork analysis showed that 18 symbiosis-related soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor proteins may play roles in regulating bacterial ion channels, and SGF14g and SGF14k possibly regulate the rhizobium dicarboxylate transport protein DctA. The predicted interactome provide a valuable basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of nodulation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Crop Information Center , College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
- School of Public Health , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Jin-Yang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Huan Gu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Yanfang Du
- Crop Information Center , College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Jian-Fang Zuo
- Crop Information Center , College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Crop Information Center , College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Menglin Zhang
- Crop Information Center , College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Pan Li
- School of Public Health , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AR , United Kingdom
| | - Yangrong Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- Crop Information Center , College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- Crop Information Center , College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
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Xu CC, Zhang D, Hann DR, Xie ZP, Staehelin C. Biochemical properties and in planta effects of NopM, a rhizobial E3 ubiquitin ligase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15304-15315. [PMID: 30120198 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nodulation outer protein M (NopM) is an IpaH family type three (T3) effector secreted by the nitrogen-fixing nodule bacterium Sinorhizobium sp. strain NGR234. Previous work indicated that NopM is an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for an optimal symbiosis between NGR234 and the host legume Lablab purpureus Here, we continued to analyze the function of NopM. Recombinant NopM was biochemically characterized using an in vitro ubiquitination system with Arabidopsis thaliana proteins. In this assay, NopM forms unanchored polyubiquitin chains and possesses auto-ubiquitination activity. In a NopM variant lacking any lysine residues, auto-ubiquitination was not completely abolished, indicating noncanonical auto-ubiquitination of the protein. In addition, we could show intermolecular ubiquitin transfer from NopM to C338A (enzymatically inactive NopM form) in vitro Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis provided clues about NopM-NopM interactions at plasma membranes in planta NopM, but not C338A, expressed in tobacco cells induced cell death, suggesting that E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of NopM induced effector-triggered immunity responses. Likewise, expression of NopM in Lotus japonicus caused reduced nodule formation, whereas expression of C338A showed no obvious effects on symbiosis. Further experiments indicated that serine residue 26 of NopM is phosphorylated in planta and that NopM can be phosphorylated in vitro by salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (NtSIPK), a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of tobacco. Hence, NopM is a phosphorylated T3 effector that can interact with itself, with ubiquitin, and with MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chao Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Di Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dagmar R Hann
- the Institute of Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, and
| | - Zhi-Ping Xie
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China, .,the Shenzhen Research and Development Center of State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Baoan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China, .,the Shenzhen Research and Development Center of State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Baoan, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Komis G, Šamajová O, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. Cell and Developmental Biology of Plant Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:237-265. [PMID: 29489398 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) constitute a network of signaling cascades responsible for transducing extracellular stimuli and decoding them to dedicated cellular and developmental responses that shape the plant body. Over the last decade, we have accumulated information about how MAPK modules control the development of reproductive tissues and gametes and the embryogenic and postembryonic development of vegetative organs such as roots, root nodules, shoots, and leaves. Of key importance to understanding how MAPKs participate in developmental and environmental signaling is the characterization of their subcellular localization, their interactions with upstream signal perception mechanisms, and the means by which they target their substrates. In this review, we summarize the roles of MAPK signaling in the regulation of key plant developmental processes, and we survey what is known about the mechanisms guiding the subcellular compartmentalization of MAPK modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Komis
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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Liu J, Deng J, Zhu F, Li Y, Lu Z, Qin P, Wang T, Dong J. The MtDMI2-MtPUB2 Negative Feedback Loop Plays a Role in Nodulation Homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:3003-3026. [PMID: 29440269 PMCID: PMC5884597 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DOES NOT MAKE INFECTION 2 (MtDMI2) is a Leu rich repeat-type receptor kinase required for signal transduction in the Medicago truncatula/Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis pathway. However, the mechanisms through which MtDMI2 participates in nodulation homeostasis are poorly understood. In this study, we identified MtPUB2-a novel plant U-box (PUB)-type E3 ligase-and showed that it interacts with MtDMI2. MtDMI2 and MtPUB2 accumulation were shown to be similar in various tissues. Roots of plants in which MtPUB2 was silenced by RNAi (MtPUB2-RNAi plants) exhibited impaired infection threads, fewer nodules, and shorter primary root lengths compared to those of control plants transformed with empty vector. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we showed that MtDMI2 phosphorylates MtPUB2 at Ser-316, Ser-421, and Thr-488 residues. When MtPUB2-RNAi plants were transformed with MtPUB2S421D , which mimics the phosphorylated state, MtDMI2 was persistently ubiquitinated and degraded by MtPUB2S421D, resulting in fewer nodules than observed in MtPUB2/MtPUB2-RNAi-complemented plants. However, MtPUB2S421A /MtPUB2-RNAi-complemented plants showed no MtPUB2 ubiquitination activity, and their nodulation phenotype was similar to that of MtPUB2-RNAi plants transformed with empty vector. Further studies demonstrated that these proteins form a negative feedback loop of the prey (MtDMI2)-predator (MtPUB2) type. Our results suggest that the MtDMI2-MtPUB2 negative feedback loop, which displays crosstalk with the long-distance autoregulation of nodulation via MtNIN, plays an important role in nodulation homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fugui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- University of Wyoming, Department of Atmospheric Science, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Peibin Qin
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiangli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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36
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Feng H, Wang L, Wuchty S, Wilson ACC. microRNA regulation in an ancient obligate endosymbiosis. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1777-1793. [PMID: 29271121 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although many insects are associated with obligate bacterial endosymbionts, the mechanisms by which these host/endosymbiont associations are regulated remain mysterious. While microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently identified as regulators of host/microbe interactions, including host/pathogen and host/facultative endosymbiont interactions, the role miRNAs may play in mediating host/obligate endosymbiont interactions is virtually unknown. Here, we identified conserved miRNAs that potentially mediate symbiotic interactions between aphids and their obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola. Using small RNA sequence data from Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum, we annotated 93 M. persicae and 89 A. pisum miRNAs, among which 69 were shared. We found 14 miRNAs that were either highly expressed in aphid bacteriome, the Buchnera-housing tissue, or differentially expressed in bacteriome vs. gut, a non-Buchnera-housing tissue. Strikingly, 10 of these 14 miRNAs have been implicated previously in other host/microbe interaction studies. Investigating the interaction networks of these miRNAs using a custom computational pipeline, we identified 103 miRNA::mRNA interactions shared between M. persicae and A. pisum. Functional annotation of the shared mRNA targets revealed only two over-represented cluster of orthologous group categories: amino acid transport and metabolism, and signal transduction mechanisms. Our work supports a role for miRNAs in mediating host/symbiont interactions between aphids and their obligate endosymbiont Buchnera. In addition, our results highlight the probable importance of signal transduction mechanisms to host/endosymbiont coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Feng
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alex C C Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Zhu X, Qi T, Yang Q, He F, Tan C, Ma W, Voegele RT, Kang Z, Guo J. Host-Induced Gene Silencing of the MAPKK Gene PsFUZ7 Confers Stable Resistance to Wheat Stripe Rust. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1853-1863. [PMID: 29070517 PMCID: PMC5717739 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful genetic tool to accelerate research in plant biotechnology and control biotic stresses by manipulating target gene expression. However, the potential of RNAi in wheat to efficiently and durably control the devastating stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) remained largely under explored so far. To address this issue, we generated transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines expressing dsRNA targeting PsFUZ7 transcripts of Pst We analyzed expression of PsFUZ7 and related genes, and resistance traits of the transgenic wheat lines. We show that PsFUZ7 is an important pathogenicity factor that regulates infection and development of Pst A PsFUZ7 RNAi construct stably expressed in two independent transgenic wheat lines confers strong resistance to PstPst hyphal development is strongly restricted, and necrosis of plant cells in resistance responses was significantly induced. We conclude that trafficking of RNA molecules from wheat plants to Pst may lead to a complex molecular dialogue between wheat and the rust pathogen. Moreover, we confirm the RNAi-based crop protection approaches can be used, to our knowledge, as a novel control strategy against rust pathogens in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenglong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ralf Thomas Voegele
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Kelly S, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J. Legume LysM receptors mediate symbiotic and pathogenic signalling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:152-158. [PMID: 28787662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Legume-rhizobia symbiosis is coordinated through the production and perception of signal molecules by both partners with legume LysM receptor kinases performing a central role in this process. Receptor complex formation and signalling outputs derived from these are regulated through ligand binding and further modulated by a diverse variety of interactors. The challenge now is to understand the molecular mechanisms of these reported interactors. Recently attributed roles of LysM receptors in the perception of rhizobial exopolysaccharide, distinguishing between pathogens and symbionts, and assembly of root and rhizosphere communities expand on the importance of these receptors. These studies also highlight challenges, such as identification of cognate ligands, formation of responsive receptor complexes and separation of downstream signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kelly
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK - 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK - 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK - 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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39
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Plant signalling in symbiosis and immunity. Nature 2017; 543:328-336. [PMID: 28300100 DOI: 10.1038/nature22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants encounter a myriad of microorganisms, particularly at the root-soil interface, that can invade with detrimental or beneficial outcomes. Prevalent beneficial associations between plants and microorganisms include those that promote plant growth by facilitating the acquisition of limiting nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. But while promoting such symbiotic relationships, plants must restrict the formation of pathogenic associations. Achieving this balance requires the perception of potential invading microorganisms through the signals that they produce, followed by the activation of either symbiotic responses that promote microbial colonization or immune responses that limit it.
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40
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Yuan Z, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li L, Cai K, Han H. Novel impacts of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in plants: promotion of nodulation and nitrogenase activity in the rhizobium-legume system. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9921-9937. [PMID: 28678233 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The rhizobium-legume symbiosis system is critical for nitrogen-cycle balance in agriculture. However, the potential effects of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) on this system remain largely unknown. Herein, we studied the effects of four carbon-based materials (activated carbon (AC), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO)) on the rhizobium-legume symbiosis system consisting of Lotus japonicus and Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099. Under non-symbiotic conditions, the bacterial growth and root development of plants were both clearly inhibited by SWCNTs and GO, while the elongation of plant stems was enhanced by MWCNTs to a certain degree. More importantly, only MWCNTs could increase the number of nodules and enhance the activity of nitrogenase in the rhizobium-plant interaction. Further analyses showed that the average number of nodules in plants treated with 100 μg mL-1 MWCNTs was significantly increased by 39% at 14 days post inoculation (dpi) and by 41% at 28 dpi. Meanwhile, the biological nitrogen fixation of the nodules was promoted by more than 10% under 100 μg mL-1 MWCNT treatment, which enhanced the above- and below-ground fresh biomass by 14% and 25% respectively at 28 dpi. Transmission electron microscopy images further indicated that MWCNTs penetrated the cell wall, and pierced through the cell membrane to be transmitted into the cytoplasm. In addition, gene expression analysis showed that the promotion of nodulation by MWCNTs was correlated with the up-regulation of certain genes involved in this signaling pathway. In particular, the expression of NIN, a crucial gene regulating the development of nodules, was significantly elevated 2-fold by MWCNTs at an early stage of nodulation. These findings are expected to facilitate the understanding and future utilization of MWCNTs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology and College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Phylogenomic analysis of MKKs and MAPKs from 16 legumes and detection of interacting pairs in chickpea divulge MAPK signalling modules. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5026. [PMID: 28694440 PMCID: PMC5504024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated phosphorylation cascade is a vital component of plant cellular signalling. Despite this, MAPK signalling cascade is less characterized in crop legumes. To fill this void, we present here a comprehensive phylogeny of MAPK kinases (MKKs) and MAPKs identified from 16 legume species belonging to genistoid (Lupinus angustifolius), dalbergioid (Arachis spp.), phaseoloid (Glycine max, Cajanus cajan, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Vigna spp.), and galegoid (Cicer arietinum, Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula, Pisum sativum, Trifolium spp., and Vicia faba) clades. Using the genes of the diploid crop chickpea (C. arietinum), an exhaustive interaction analysis was performed between MKKs and MAPKs by split-ubiquitin based yeast two-hybrid (Y2H). Twenty seven interactions of varying strengths were identified between chickpea MKKs and MAPKs. These interactions were verified in planta by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). As a first report in plants, four intra-molecular interactions of weak strength were identified within chickpea MKKs. Additionally; two TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors of class I were identified as novel down-stream interacting partners of seven MAPKs. We propose that this highly reliable MAPK interaction network, presented here for chickpea, can be utilized as a reference for legumes and thus will help in deciphering their role in legume-specific events.
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Jayaraman D, Richards AL, Westphall MS, Coon JJ, Ané JM. Identification of the phosphorylation targets of symbiotic receptor-like kinases using a high-throughput multiplexed assay for kinase specificity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1196-1207. [PMID: 28267253 PMCID: PMC5461195 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Detecting the phosphorylation substrates of multiple kinases in a single experiment is a challenge, and new techniques are being developed to overcome this challenge. Here, we used a multiplexed assay for kinase specificity (MAKS) to identify the substrates directly and to map the phosphorylation site(s) of plant symbiotic receptor-like kinases. The symbiotic receptor-like kinases nodulation receptor-like kinase (NORK) and lysin motif domain-containing receptor-like kinase 3 (LYK3) are indispensable for the establishment of root nodule symbiosis. Although some interacting proteins have been identified for these symbiotic receptor-like kinases, very little is known about their phosphorylation substrates. Using this high-throughput approach, we identified several other potential phosphorylation targets for both these symbiotic receptor-like kinases. In particular, we also discovered the phosphorylation of LYK3 by NORK itself, which was also confirmed by pairwise kinase assays. Motif analysis of potential targets for these kinases revealed that the acidic motif xxxsDxxx was common to both of them. In summary, this high-throughput technique catalogs the potential phosphorylation substrates of multiple kinases in a single efficient experiment, the biological characterization of which should provide a better understanding of phosphorylation signaling cascade in symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhileepkumar Jayaraman
- Department of Agronomy, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alicia L. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425 Henry Mall, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael S. Westphall
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425 Henry Mall, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 420 Henry Mall, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425 Henry Mall, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 420 Henry Mall, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, 1550 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Chen T, Duan L, Zhou B, Yu H, Zhu H, Cao Y, Zhang Z. Interplay of Pathogen-Induced Defense Responses and Symbiotic Establishment in Medicago truncatula. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:973. [PMID: 28611764 PMCID: PMC5447765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of host innate immunity appears to be required for the establishment of symbiosis between rhizobia and host plants. In this study, we established a system that included a host plant, a bacterial pathogen and a symbiotic rhizobium to study the role of innate immunity during symbiotic interactions. A pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000), was shown to cause chlorosis in Medicago truncatula A17. Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Sm2011 (Sm2011) and Pst DC3000 strain alone induced similar defense responses in M. truncatula. However, when co-inoculated, Sm2011 specifically suppressed the defense responses induced by Pst DC3000, such as MAPK activation and ROS production. Inoculation with Sm2011 suppressed the transcription of defense-related genes triggered by Pst DC3000 infection, including the receptor of bacterial flagellin (FLS2), pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR10), and the transcription factor WRKY33. Interestingly, inoculation with Pst DC3000 specifically inhibited the expression of the symbiosis marker genes nodule inception and nodulation pectate lyase and reduced the numbers of infection threads and nodules on M. truncatula A17 roots, indicating that Pst DC3000 inhibits the establishment of symbiosis in M. truncatula. In addition, defense-related genes, such as MAPK3/6, RbohC, and WRKY33, exhibited a transient increase in their expression in the early stage of symbiosis with Sm2011, but the expression dropped down to normal levels at later symbiotic stages. Our results suggest that plant innate immunity plays an antagonistic role in symbiosis by directly reducing the numbers of infection threads and nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Liujian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Haixiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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Chen T, Zhou B, Duan L, Zhu H, Zhang Z. MtMAPKK4 is an essential gene for growth and reproduction of Medicago truncatula. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:492-503. [PMID: 27935060 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signaling modules in eukaryotes, including yeasts, animals and plants. They are involved in responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormones, cell division and developmental processes. A MAPK cascade is composed of three functionally tiered protein kinases, namely MAPK, MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs). These kinases have been intensively studied for their roles in developmental and physiological processes in various organisms. In this study, a Medicago truncatula MtMAPKK4 mutant with the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 insertion was identified using reverse genetics methods. No homozygous progeny could be produced by self-pollination of mapkk4/+ heterozygotes for 5 generations. Heterozygous mapkk4/+ mutant plants exhibited growth retardation, chlorosis symptoms and significantly reduced numbers of infection threads and nodules. The interaction between MtMAPKK4 and MtMAPK3/6 occurred both in yeast and in planta. Green fluorescent protein-tagged MtMAPKK4, MtMAPK3 and MtMAPK6 were all localized to membranes, cytoplasm and nuclei. Expression of MtMAPKK4, MtMAPK3 and MtMAPK6 was detected in various tissues of M. truncatula plants at the nodule maturation stage. Transcript levels of these genes were decreased in roots at the early symbiotic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
| | - Liujian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
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Ryu H, Laffont C, Frugier F, Hwang I. MAP Kinase-Mediated Negative Regulation of Symbiotic Nodule Formation in Medicago truncatula. Mol Cells 2017; 40:17-23. [PMID: 28152300 PMCID: PMC5303885 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades play critical roles in various cellular events in plants, including stress responses, innate immunity, hormone signaling, and cell specificity. MAPK-mediated stress signaling is also known to negatively regulate nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interactions, but the molecular mechanism of the MAPK signaling cascades underlying the symbiotic nodule development remains largely unknown. We show that the MtMKK5-MtMPK3/6 signaling module negatively regulates the early symbiotic nodule formation, probably upstream of ERN1 (ERF Required for Nodulation 1) and NSP1 (Nod factor Signaling Pathway 1) in Medicago truncatula. The overexpression of MtMKK5 stimulated stress and defense signaling pathways but also reduced nodule formation in M. truncatula roots. Conversely, a MAPK specific inhibitor, U0126, enhanced nodule formation and the expression of an early nodulation marker gene, MtNIN. We found that MtMKK5 directly activates MtMPK3/6 by phosphorylating the TEY motif within the activation loop and that the MtMPK3/6 proteins physically interact with the early nodulation-related transcription factors ERN1 and NSP1. These data suggest that the stress signaling-mediated MtMKK5/MtMPK3/6 module suppresses symbiotic nodule development via the action of early nodulation transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Carole Laffont
- Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Diderot, Univ d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
| | - Florian Frugier
- Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Diderot, Univ d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mycorrhizal fungi belong to several taxa and develop mutualistic symbiotic associations with over 90% of all plant species, from liverworts to angiosperms. While descriptive approaches have dominated the initial studies of these fascinating symbioses, the advent of molecular biology, live cell imaging, and “omics” techniques have provided new and powerful tools to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms that rule mutualistic plant-fungus interactions. In this article we focus on the most common mycorrhizal association, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), which is formed by a group of soil fungi belonging to Glomeromycota. AM fungi are believed to have assisted the conquest of dry lands by early plants around 450 million years ago and are found today in most land ecosystems. AM fungi have several peculiar biological traits, including obligate biotrophy, intracellular development inside the plant tissues, coenocytic multinucleate hyphae, and spores, as well as unique genetics, such as the putative absence of a sexual cycle, and multiple ecological functions. All of these features make the study of AM fungi as intriguing as it is challenging, and their symbiotic association with most crop plants is currently raising a broad interest in agronomic contexts for the potential use of AM fungi in sustainable production under conditions of low chemical input.
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Ke D, Li X, Han Y, Cheng L, Yuan H, Wang L. ROP6 is involved in root hair deformation induced by Nod factors in Lotus japonicus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:488-498. [PMID: 27592173 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Roots of leguminous plants perceive Nod factor signals, and then root hair deformation responses such as swelling and curling are activated. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of such root hair deformation. We have previously shown that LjROP6, a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, was identified as an NFR5 (Nod Factor Receptor 5)-interacting protein and participated in symbiotic nodulation in Lotus japonicus. In this study, we identified ten LjROP GTPases including LjROP6, and they were distributed into groups II, III, IV but not group I by phylogenetic analysis. The expression profiles of ten LjROP genes during nodulation were examined. LjROP6 belonged to group IV and interacted with NFR5 in a GTP-dependent manner. Overexpression of either wild-type ROP6 or a constitutively active mutant (ROP6-CA) generated root hair tip growth depolarization, while overexpression of a dominant negative mutant (ROP6-DN) exhibited normal root hair growth. After inoculating with Mesorhizobium loti or adding Nod factors to hairy roots, overexpression of ROP6 and ROP6-CA exhibited extensive root hair deformation, while overexpression of ROP6-DN inhibited root hair deformation. The infection event and nodule number were increased in ROP6 and ROP6-CA overexpressing transgenic plants; but decreased in ROP6-DN overexpressing transgenic plants. These studies provide strong evidence that ROP6 GTPase, which binds NFR5 in a GTP-dependent manner, is involved in root hair development as well as root hair deformation responses induced by NFs in the early stage of symbiotic interaction in L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Ke
- College of Life Sciences & Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Xiangyong Li
- College of Life Sciences & Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yapeng Han
- College of Life Sciences & Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- College of Life Sciences & Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- College of Life Sciences & Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences & Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
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Jardinaud MF, Boivin S, Rodde N, Catrice O, Kisiala A, Lepage A, Moreau S, Roux B, Cottret L, Sallet E, Brault M, Emery RJN, Gouzy J, Frugier F, Gamas P. A Laser Dissection-RNAseq Analysis Highlights the Activation of Cytokinin Pathways by Nod Factors in the Medicago truncatula Root Epidermis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2256-76. [PMID: 27217496 PMCID: PMC4936592 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nod factors (NFs) are lipochitooligosaccharidic signal molecules produced by rhizobia, which play a key role in the rhizobium-legume symbiotic interaction. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression reprogramming induced by purified NF (4 and 24 h of treatment) in the root epidermis of the model legume Medicago truncatula Tissue-specific transcriptome analysis was achieved by laser-capture microdissection coupled to high-depth RNA sequencing. The expression of 17,191 genes was detected in the epidermis, among which 1,070 were found to be regulated by NF addition, including previously characterized NF-induced marker genes. Many genes exhibited strong levels of transcriptional activation, sometimes only transiently at 4 h, indicating highly dynamic regulation. Expression reprogramming affected a variety of cellular processes, including perception, signaling, regulation of gene expression, as well as cell wall, cytoskeleton, transport, metabolism, and defense, with numerous NF-induced genes never identified before. Strikingly, early epidermal activation of cytokinin (CK) pathways was indicated, based on the induction of CK metabolic and signaling genes, including the CRE1 receptor essential to promote nodulation. These transcriptional activations were independently validated using promoter:β-glucuronidase fusions with the MtCRE1 CK receptor gene and a CK response reporter (TWO COMPONENT SIGNALING SENSOR NEW). A CK pretreatment reduced the NF induction of the EARLY NODULIN11 (ENOD11) symbiotic marker, while a CK-degrading enzyme (CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE3) ectopically expressed in the root epidermis led to increased NF induction of ENOD11 and nodulation. Therefore, CK may play both positive and negative roles in M. truncatula nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Jardinaud
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Stéphane Boivin
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Nathalie Rodde
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Olivier Catrice
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kisiala
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Agnes Lepage
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Sandra Moreau
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Brice Roux
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Ludovic Cottret
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Erika Sallet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Mathias Brault
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - R J Neil Emery
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Jérôme Gouzy
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Florian Frugier
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Pascal Gamas
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
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Li Y, Jackson SA. Crowdsourcing the nodulation gene network discovery environment. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:223. [PMID: 27230384 PMCID: PMC4880984 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Legumes (Fabaceae) are an economically and ecologically important group of plant species with the conspicuous capacity for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules, specialized plant organs containing symbiotic microbes. With the aim of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to nodulation, many efforts are underway to identify nodulation-related genes and determine how these genes interact with each other. In order to accurately and efficiently reconstruct nodulation gene network, a crowdsourcing platform, CrowdNodNet, was created. Results The platform implements the jQuery and vis.js JavaScript libraries, so that users are able to interactively visualize and edit the gene network, and easily access the information about the network, e.g. gene lists, gene interactions and gene functional annotations. In addition, all the gene information is written on MediaWiki pages, enabling users to edit and contribute to the network curation. Conclusions Utilizing the continuously updated, collaboratively written, and community-reviewed Wikipedia model, the platform could, in a short time, become a comprehensive knowledge base of nodulation-related pathways. The platform could also be used for other biological processes, and thus has great potential for integrating and advancing our understanding of the functional genomics and systems biology of any process for any species. The platform is available at http://crowd.bioops.info/, and the source code can be openly accessed at https://github.com/bioops/crowdnodnet under MIT License.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Li
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, 30602, GA, USA.,Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Scott A Jackson
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, 30602, GA, USA. .,Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, 30602, GA, USA.
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Xu Z, Cheng K, Li X, Yang J, Xu S, Cao X, Hu X, Xie W, Yuan L, Ambrose M, Chen G, Mi H, Luo D. Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Modulation of SQU and KEW Activities in the Control of Dorsal-Ventral Asymmetric Flower Development in Lotus japonicus. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:722-736. [PMID: 26854849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Papilionoideae legume, Lotus japonicus, the development of dorsal-ventral (DV) asymmetric flowers is mainly controlled by two TB1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) genes, SQUARED STANDARD (SQU) and KEELED WINGS IN LOTUS (KEW), which determine dorsal and lateral identities, respectively. However, the molecular basis of how these two highly homologous genes orchestrate their diverse functions remains unclear. Here, we analyzed their expression levels, and investigated the transcriptional activities of SQU and KEW. We demonstrated that SQU possesses both activation and repression activities, while KEW acts only as an activator. They form homo- and heterodimers, and then collaboratively regulate their expression at the transcription level. Furthermore, we identified two types of post-transcriptional modifications, phosphorylation and ATP/GTP binding, both of which could affect their transcriptional activities. Mutations in ATP/GTP binding motifs of SQU and KEW lead to failure of phosphorylation, and transgenic plants bearing the mutant proteins display defective DV asymmetric flower development, indicating that the two conjugate modifications are essential for their diverse functions. Altogether, SQU and KEW activities are precisely modulated at both transcription and post-transcription levels, which might link DV asymmetric flower development to different physiological status and/or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Modality of LFIA, Research and Application Marketing, Healthcare Group of General Electric, China Technology Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shilei Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiangling Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Mike Ambrose
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Genyun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hualing Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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