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Gálvez-Roldán C, Cerna-Vargas JP, Rodríguez-Herva JJ, Krell T, Santamaría-Hernando S, López-Solanilla E. A Nitrate-Sensing Domain-Containing Chemoreceptor Is Required for Successful Entry and Virulence of Dickeya dadantii 3937 in Potato Plants. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:390-399. [PMID: 36399025 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0367-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate metabolism plays an important role in bacterial physiology. During the interaction of plant-pathogenic bacteria with their hosts, bacteria face variable conditions with respect to nitrate availability. Perception mechanisms through the chemosensory pathway drive the entry and control the colonization of the plant host in phytopathogenic bacteria. In this work, the identification and characterization of the nitrate- and nitrite-sensing (NIT) domain-containing chemoreceptor of Dickeya dadantii 3937 (Dd3937) allowed us to unveil the key role of nitrate sensing not only for the entry into the plant apoplast through wounds but also for infection success. We determined the specificity of this chemoreceptor to bind nitrate and nitrite, with a slight ligand preference for nitrate. Gene expression analysis showed that nitrate perception controls not only the expression of nitrate reductase genes involved in respiratory and assimilatory metabolic processes but also the expression of gyrA, hrpN, and bgxA, three well-known virulence determinants in Dd3937.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gálvez-Roldán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean Paul Cerna-Vargas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Protección Ambiental, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Rodríguez-Herva
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Departamento de Protección Ambiental, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Saray Santamaría-Hernando
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia López-Solanilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ferraretto D, Nair R, Shah NW, Reay D, Mencuccini M, Spencer M, Heal KV. Forest canopy nitrogen uptake can supply entire foliar demand. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ferraretto
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - R. Nair
- Department Biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
| | - N. W. Shah
- Forest Research Northern Research Station Roslin Midlothian EH25 9SY UK
| | - D. Reay
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - M. Mencuccini
- CREAF Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) 08193 Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona 08010 Spain
| | - M. Spencer
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - K. V. Heal
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
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Shah AN, Javed T, Singhal RK, Shabbir R, Wang D, Hussain S, Anuragi H, Jinger D, Pandey H, Abdelsalam NR, Ghareeb RY, Jaremko M. Nitrogen use efficiency in cotton: Challenges and opportunities against environmental constraints. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970339. [PMID: 36072312 PMCID: PMC9443504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a vital nutrient for agricultural, and a defieciency of it causes stagnate cotton growth and yield penalty. Farmers rely heavily on N over-application to boost cotton output, which can result in decreased lint yield, quality, and N use efficiency (NUE). Therefore, improving NUE in cotton is most crucial for reducing environmental nitrate pollution and increasing farm profitability. Well-defined management practices, such as the type of sources, N-rate, application time, application method, crop growth stages, and genotypes, have a notable impact on NUE. Different N formulations, such as slow and controlled released fertilizers, have been shown to improve N uptake and, NUE. Increasing N rates are said to boost cotton yield, although high rates may potentially impair the yield depending on the soil and environmental conditions. This study comprehensively reviews various factors including agronomic and environmental constraints that influence N uptake, transport, accumulation, and ultimately NUE in cotton. Furthermore, we explore several agronomic and molecular approaches to enhance efficiency for better N uptake and utilization in cotton. Finally, this objective of this review to highlight a comprehensive view on enhancement of NUE in cotton and could be useful for understanding the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanism of N in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Adnan Noor Shah,
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Rubab Shabbir
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Depeng Wang,
| | - Sadam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hirdayesh Anuragi
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Jinger
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Science Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Pan Y, Liang H, Gao L, Dai G, Chen W, Yang X, Qing D, Gao J, Wu H, Huang J, Zhou W, Huang C, Liang Y, Deng G. Transcriptomic profiling of germinating seeds under cold stress and characterization of the cold-tolerant gene LTG5 in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:371. [PMID: 32762649 PMCID: PMC7409433 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature is a limiting factor of rice productivity and geographical distribution. Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is an important germplasm resource for rice improvement. It has superior tolerance to many abiotic stresses, including cold stress, but little is known about the mechanism underlying its resistance to cold. RESULTS This study elucidated the molecular genetic mechanisms of wild rice in tolerating low temperature. Comprehensive transcriptome profiles of two rice genotypes (cold-sensitive ce 253 and cold-tolerant Y12-4) at the germinating stage under cold stress were comparatively analyzed. A total of 42.44-68.71 million readings were obtained, resulting in the alignment of 29,128 and 30,131 genes in genotypes 253 and Y12-4, respectively. Many common and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in the cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant genotypes. Results showed more upregulated DEGs in the cold-tolerant genotype than in the cold-sensitive genotype at four stages under cold stress. Gene ontology enrichment analyses based on cellular process, metabolic process, response stimulus, membrane part, and catalytic activity indicated more upregulated genes than downregulated ones in the cold-tolerant genotype than in the cold-sensitive genotype. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on seven randomly selected DEGs to confirm the RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) data. These genes showed similar expression patterns corresponding with the RNA-Seq method. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed Y12-4 showed more positive genes than 253 under cold stress. We also explored the cold tolerance gene LTG5 (Low Temperature Growth 5) encoding a UDP-glucosyltransferase. The overexpression of the LTG5 gene conferred cold tolerance to indica rice. CONCLUSION Gene resources related to cold stress from wild rice can be valuable for improving the cold tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Haifu Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Gaoxing Dai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Dongjin Qing
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Weiyong Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Chengcui Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Yuntao Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Guofu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
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Wang Z, Hardcastle TJ, Canto Pastor A, Yip WH, Tang S, Baulcombe DC. A novel DCL2-dependent miRNA pathway in tomato affects susceptibility to RNA viruses. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1155-1160. [PMID: 30150254 PMCID: PMC6120711 DOI: 10.1101/gad.313601.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wang et al. show that Dicer-like 2 (DCL2) is the major Dicer in tomato defense against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus X (PVX) and that it is involved in the biogenesis of endogenous 22-nt sRNA. Tomato Dicer-like2 (slDCL2) is a key component of resistance pathways against potato virus X (PVX) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It is also required for production of endogenous small RNAs, including miR6026 and other noncanonical microRNAs (miRNAs). The slDCL2 mRNAs are targets of these slDCL2-dependent RNAs in a feedback loop that was disrupted by target mimic RNAs of miR6026. In lines expressing these RNAs, there was correspondingly enhanced resistance against PVX and TMV. These findings illustrate a novel miRNA pathway in plants and a crop protection strategy in which miRNA target mimicry elevates expression of defense-related mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Hardcastle
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Canto Pastor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Wing Hin Yip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuoya Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - David C Baulcombe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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Xu J, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhu XG. Altered expression profiles of microRNA families during de-etiolation of maize and rice leaves. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:108. [PMID: 28235420 PMCID: PMC5324284 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved small non-coding RNAs that play important regulatory roles in plants. Although many miRNA families are sequentially and functionally conserved across plant kingdoms (Dezulian et al. in Genome Biol 13, 2005), they still differ in many aspects such as family size, average length, genomic loci etc. (Unver et al. in Int J Plant Genomics, 2009). RESULTS In this study, we investigated changes of miRNA expression profiles during greening process of etiolated seedlings of Oryza sativa (C3) and Zea mays (C4) to explore conserved and species-specific characteristics of miRNAs between these two species. Futhermore, we predicted 47 and 42 candidate novel miRNAs using parameterized monocot specific miRDeep2 pipeline in maize and rice respectively. Potential targets of miRNAs comprising both mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) were examined to clarify potential regulation of photosynthesis. Based on our result, two putative positive Kranz regulators reported by Wang et al. (2010) were predicted as potential targets of miR156. A few photosynthesis related genes such as sulfate adenylytransferase (APS3), chlorophyll a/b binding family protein etc. were suggested to be regulated by miRNAs. However, no C4 shuttle genes were predicted to be direct targets of either known or candidate novel miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the comprehensive list of miRNA that showed altered expression during the de-etiolation process and a number of candidate miRNAs that might play regulatory roles in C3 and C4 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Research, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Martinez CC, Chitwood DH, Smith RS, Sinha NR. Left-right leaf asymmetry in decussate and distichous phyllotactic systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2015.0412. [PMID: 27821524 DOI: 10.1101/043869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves in plants with spiral phyllotaxy exhibit directional asymmetries, such that all the leaves originating from a meristem of a particular chirality are similarly asymmetric relative to each other. Models of auxin flux capable of recapitulating spiral phyllotaxis predict handed auxin asymmetries in initiating leaf primordia with empirically verifiable effects on superficially bilaterally symmetric leaves. Here, we extend a similar analysis of leaf asymmetry to decussate and distichous phyllotaxy. We found that our simulation models of these two patterns predicted mirrored asymmetries in auxin distribution in leaf primordia pairs. To empirically verify the morphological consequences of asymmetric auxin distribution, we analysed the morphology of a tomato sister-of-pin-formed1a (sopin1a) mutant, entire-2, in which spiral phyllotaxy consistently transitions to a decussate state. Shifts in the displacement of leaflets on the left and right sides of entire-2 leaf pairs mirror each other, corroborating predicted model results. We then analyse the shape of more than 800 common ivy (Hedera helix) and more than 3000 grapevine (Vitis and Ampelopsis spp.) leaf pairs and find statistical enrichment of predicted mirrored asymmetries. Our results demonstrate that left-right auxin asymmetries in models of decussate and distichous phyllotaxy successfully predict mirrored asymmetric leaf morphologies in superficially symmetric leaves.This article is part of the themed issue 'Provocative questions in left-right asymmetry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciera C Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Busta L, Budke JM, Jetter R. The moss Funaria hygrometrica has cuticular wax similar to vascular plants, with distinct composition on leafy gametophyte, calyptra and sporophyte capsule surfaces. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:511-22. [PMID: 27489161 PMCID: PMC4998987 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aerial surfaces of land plants are covered with a waxy cuticle to protect against water loss. The amount and composition of cuticular waxes on moss surfaces had rarely been investigated. Accordingly, the degree of similarity between moss and vascular plant waxes, and between maternal and offspring moss structure waxes is unknown. To resolve these issues, this study aimed at providing a comprehensive analysis of the waxes on the leafy gametophyte, gametophyte calyptra and sporophyte capsule of the moss Funaria hygrometrica METHODS Waxes were extracted from the surfaces of leafy gametophytes, gametophyte calyptrae and sporophyte capsules, separated by gas chromatography, identified qualitatively with mass spectrometry, and quantified with flame ionization detection. Diagnostic mass spectral peaks were used to determine the isomer composition of wax esters. KEY RESULTS The surfaces of the leafy gametophyte, calyptra and sporophyte capsule of F. hygrometrica were covered with 0·94, 2·0 and 0·44 μg cm(-2) wax, respectively. While each wax mixture was composed of mainly fatty acid alkyl esters, the waxes from maternal and offspring structures had unique compositional markers. β-Hydroxy fatty acid alkyl esters were limited to the leafy gametophyte and calyptra, while alkanes, aldehydes and diol esters were restricted to the sporophyte capsule. Ubiquitous fatty acids, alcohols, fatty acid alkyl esters, aldehydes and alkanes were all found on at least one surface. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to determine wax coverage (μg cm(-2)) on a moss surface, enabling direct comparisons with vascular plants, which were shown to have an equal amount or more wax than F. hygrometrica Wax ester biosynthesis is of particular importance in this species, and the ester-forming enzyme(s) in different parts of the moss may have different substrate preferences. Furthermore, the alkane-forming wax biosynthesis pathway, found widely in vascular plants, is active in the sporophyte capsule, but not in the leafy gametophyte or calyptra. Overall, wax composition and coverage on F. hygrometrica were similar to those reported for some vascular plant species, suggesting that the underlying biosynthetic processes in plants of both lineages were inherited from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Busta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jessica M Budke
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California - Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Hu Y, Fernández V, Ma L. Nitrate transporters in leaves and their potential roles in foliar uptake of nitrogen dioxide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:360. [PMID: 25126090 PMCID: PMC4115617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While plant roots are specialized organs for the uptake and transport of water and nutrients, the absorption of gaseous or liquid mineral elements by aerial plant parts has been recognized since more than one century. Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient which generally absorbed either as nitrate (NO(-) 3) or ammonium (NH(+) 4) by plant roots. Gaseous nitrogen pollutants like N dioxide (NO2) can also be absorbed by plant surfaces and assimilated via the NO(-) 3 assimilation pathway. The subsequent NO(-) 3 flux may induce or repress the expression of various NO(-) 3-responsive genes encoding for instance, the transmembrane transporters, NO(-) 3/NO(-) 2 (nitrite) reductase, or assimilatory enzymes involved in N metabolism. Based on the existing information, the aim of this review was to theoretically analyze the potential link between foliar NO2 absorption and N transport and metabolism. For such purpose, an overview of the state of knowledge on the NO(-) 3 transporter genes identified in leaves or shoots of various species and their roles for NO(-) 3 transport across the tonoplast and plasma membrane, in addition to the process of phloem loading is briefly provided. It is assumed that a NO2-induced accumulation of NO(-) 3/NO(-) 2 may alter the expression of such genes, hence linking transmembrane NO(-) 3 transporters and foliar uptake of NO2. It is likely that NRT1/NRT2 gene expression and species-dependent apoplastic buffer capacity may be also related to the species-specific foliar NO2 uptake process. It is concluded that further work focusing on the expression of NRT1 (NRT1.1, NRT1.7, NRT1.11, and NRT1.12), NRT2 (NRT2.1, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5) and chloride channel family genes (CLCa and CLCd) may help us elucidate the physiological and metabolic response of plants fumigated with NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Ling Ma
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
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Mollet JC, Leroux C, Dardelle F, Lehner A. Cell Wall Composition, Biosynthesis and Remodeling during Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS 2013; 2:107-47. [PMID: 27137369 PMCID: PMC4844286 DOI: 10.3390/plants2010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is a fast tip-growing cell carrying the two sperm cells to the ovule allowing the double fertilization process and seed setting. To succeed in this process, the spatial and temporal controls of pollen tube growth within the female organ are critical. It requires a massive cell wall deposition to promote fast pollen tube elongation and a tight control of the cell wall remodeling to modify the mechanical properties. In addition, during its journey, the pollen tube interacts with the pistil, which plays key roles in pollen tube nutrition, guidance and in the rejection of the self-incompatible pollen. This review focuses on our current knowledge in the biochemistry and localization of the main cell wall polymers including pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose and callose from several pollen tube species. Moreover, based on transcriptomic data and functional genomic studies, the possible enzymes involved in the cell wall remodeling during pollen tube growth and their impact on the cell wall mechanics are also described. Finally, mutant analyses have permitted to gain insight in the function of several genes involved in the pollen tube cell wall biosynthesis and their roles in pollen tube growth are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, Normandy University, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Christelle Leroux
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, Normandy University, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Flavien Dardelle
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, Normandy University, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, Normandy University, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
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