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Dreyer I, Vergara-Valladares F, Mérida-Quesada F, Rubio-Meléndez ME, Hernández-Rojas N, Riedelsberger J, Astola-Mariscal SZ, Heitmüller C, Yanez-Chávez M, Arrey-Salas O, San Martín-Davison A, Navarro-Retamal C, Michard E. The Surprising Dynamics of Electrochemical Coupling at Membrane Sandwiches in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:204. [PMID: 36616332 PMCID: PMC9824766 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport processes across membranes play central roles in any biological system. They are essential for homeostasis, cell nutrition, and signaling. Fluxes across membranes are governed by fundamental thermodynamic rules and are influenced by electrical potentials and concentration gradients. Transmembrane transport processes have been largely studied on single membranes. However, several important cellular or subcellular structures consist of two closely spaced membranes that form a membrane sandwich. Such a dual membrane structure results in remarkable properties for the transport processes that are not present in isolated membranes. At the core of membrane sandwich properties, a small intermembrane volume is responsible for efficient coupling between the transport systems at the two otherwise independent membranes. Here, we present the physicochemical principles of transport coupling at two adjacent membranes and illustrate this concept with three examples. In the supplementary material, we provide animated PowerPoint presentations that visualize the relationships. They could be used for teaching purposes, as has already been completed successfully at the University of Talca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Fernando Vergara-Valladares
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Modelado de Sistemas Químicos y Biológicos, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Franko Mérida-Quesada
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Modelado de Sistemas Químicos y Biológicos, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - María Eugenia Rubio-Meléndez
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Naomí Hernández-Rojas
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Sadith Zobeida Astola-Mariscal
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Charlotte Heitmüller
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mónica Yanez-Chávez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Oscar Arrey-Salas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Alex San Martín-Davison
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742–5815, USA
| | - Erwan Michard
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
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2
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Minicozzi V, Qi T, Gradogna A, Pozzolini M, Milenkovic S, Filippini A, Ceccarelli M, Carpaneto A. A commentary on the inhibition of human TPC2 channel by the natural flavonoid naringenin: Methods, experiments, and ideas. Biomol Concepts 2023; 14:bmc-2022-0036. [PMID: 37677148 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endo-lysosomes possess a class of proteins called TPC channels on their membrane, which are essential for proper cell functioning. This protein family can be functionally studied by expressing them in plant vacuoles. Inhibition of hTPC activity by naringenin, one of the main flavonoids present in the human diet, has the potential to be beneficial in severe human diseases such as solid tumor development, melanoma, and viral infections. We attempted to identify the molecular basis of the interaction between hTPC2 and naringenin, using ensemble docking on molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories, but the specific binding site remains elusive, posing a challenge that could potentially be addressed in the future by increased computational power in MD and the combined use of microscopy techniques such as cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velia Minicozzi
- INFN and Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Tianwen Qi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefan Milenkovic
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, 16 Via A. Scarpa, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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Gradogna A, Carpaneto A. Electrophysiology and fluorescence to investigate cation channels and transporters in isolated plant vacuoles. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:42. [PMID: 37676514 PMCID: PMC10442027 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant vacuole plays a fundamental role in cell homeostasis. The successful application of patch-clamp technique on isolated vacuoles allows the determination of the functional characteristics of tonoplast ion channels and transporters. The parallel use of a sensor-based fluorescence approach capable of detecting changes in calcium and proton concentrations opens up new possibilities for investigation. In excised patch, the presence of fura-2 in the vacuolar solution reveals the direct permeation of calcium in plant TPC channels. In whole-vacuole, the activity of non-electrogenic NHX potassium proton antiporters can be measured by using the proton sensitive dye BCECF loaded in the vacuolar lumen by the patch pipette. Both vacuolar NHXs and CLCa (chloride/nitrate antiporter) are inhibited by the phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P2, suggesting a coordinated role of these proteins in salt accumulation. Increased knowledge in the molecular mechanisms of vacuolar ion channels and transporters has the potential to improve our understanding on how plants cope with a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Gradogna A, Pardo JM, Carpaneto A. The phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P 2 inhibits the activity of plant NHX proton/potassium antiporters: Advantages of a novel electrophysiological approach. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:119-125. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the present work, we discuss the way in which the parallel application of the patch-clamp technique and the 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) fluorescence detection for recording luminal proton changes allows the functional characterization of nonelectrogenic potassium/proton vacuolar antiporters of the NHX (Na+/H+ exchanger) family. Moreover, we review the functional role of the tonoplast-specific phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P2, able to simultaneously inhibit the activity of NHXs and CLC-a transporters, whose coordinated action can play an important role in the water balance of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council , Via De Marini 6 , 16149 Genova , Italy
| | - José M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville , Seville 41092 , Spain
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV) – University of Genoa , Viale Benedetto XV 5 , 16132 Genova , Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council , Via De Marini 6 , 16149 Genova , Italy
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Current Methods to Unravel the Functional Properties of Lysosomal Ion Channels and Transporters. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060921. [PMID: 35326372 PMCID: PMC8946281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A distinct set of channels and transporters regulates the ion fluxes across the lysosomal membrane. Malfunctioning of these transport proteins and the resulting ionic imbalance is involved in various human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, cancer, as well as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. As a consequence, these proteins have stimulated strong interest for their suitability as possible drug targets. A detailed functional characterization of many lysosomal channels and transporters is lacking, mainly due to technical difficulties in applying the standard patch-clamp technique to these small intracellular compartments. In this review, we focus on current methods used to unravel the functional properties of lysosomal ion channels and transporters, stressing their advantages and disadvantages and evaluating their fields of applicability.
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Geiger D. Plant glucose transporter structure and function. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1111-1128. [PMID: 32845347 PMCID: PMC8298354 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate D-glucose is the main source of energy in living organisms. In contrast to animals, as well as most fungi, bacteria, and archaea, plants are capable to synthesize a surplus of sugars characterizing them as autothrophic organisms. Thus, plants are de facto the source of all food on earth, either directly or indirectly via feed to livestock. Glucose is stored as polymeric glucan, in animals as glycogen and in plants as starch. Despite serving a general source for metabolic energy and energy storage, glucose is the main building block for cellulose synthesis and represents the metabolic starting point of carboxylate- and amino acid synthesis. Finally yet importantly, glucose functions as signalling molecule conveying the plant metabolic status for adjustment of growth, development, and survival. Therefore, cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of photoassimilates/sugars throughout the plant body require the fine-tuned activity of sugar transporters facilitating the transport across membranes. The functional plant counterparts of the animal sodium/glucose transporters (SGLTs) are represented by the proton-coupled sugar transport proteins (STPs) of the plant monosaccharide transporter(-like) family (MST). In the framework of this special issue on “Glucose Transporters in Health and Disease,” this review gives an overview of the function and structure of plant STPs in comparison to the respective knowledge obtained with the animal Na+-coupled glucose transporters (SGLTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Dreyer I, Gomez-Porras JL, Riedelsberger J. The potassium battery: a mobile energy source for transport processes in plant vascular tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1049-1053. [PMID: 28643868 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1049 I. 1049 II. 1050 III. 1050 IV. 1050 V. 1051 VI. 1051 VII. 1052 VIII. 1052 1053 References 1053 SUMMARY: Plant roots absorb potassium ions from the soil and transport them in the xylem via the transpiration stream to the shoots. There, in source tissues where sufficient chemical energy (ATP) is available, K+ is loaded into the phloem and then transported with the phloem stream to other parts of the plant; in part, transport is also back to the roots. This, at first sight, futile cycling of K+ has been uncovered to be part of a sophisticated mechanism that (1) enables the shoot to communicate its nutrient demand to the root, (2) contributes to the K+ nutrition of transport phloem tissues and (3) transports energy stored in the K+ gradient between phloem cytosol and the apoplast. This potassium battery can be tapped by opening AKT2-like potassium channels and then enables the ATP-independent energization of other transport processes, such as the reloading of sucrose. Insights into these mechanisms have only been possible by combining wet-lab and dry-lab experiments by means of computational cell biology modeling and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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8
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Electron current recordings in living cells. Biophys Chem 2017; 229:57-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Wittek A, Dreyer I, Al-Rasheid KAS, Sauer N, Hedrich R, Geiger D. The fungal UmSrt1 and maize ZmSUT1 sucrose transporters battle for plant sugar resources. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:422-435. [PMID: 28296205 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis causes corn smut disease, inducing tumor formation in its host Zea mays. Upon infection, the fungal hyphae invaginate the plasma membrane of infected maize cells, establishing an interface where pathogen and host are separated only by their plasma membranes. At this interface the fungal and maize sucrose transporters, UmSrt1 and ZmSUT1, compete for extracellular sucrose in the corn smut/maize pathosystem. Here we biophysically characterized ZmSUT1 and UmSrt1 in Xenopus oocytes with respect to their voltage-, pH- and substrate-dependence and determined affinities toward protons and sucrose. In contrast to ZmSUT1, UmSrt1 has a high affinity for sucrose and is relatively pH- and voltage-independent. Using these quantitative parameters, we developed a mathematical model to simulate the competition for extracellular sucrose at the contact zone between the fungus and the host plant. This approach revealed that UmSrt1 exploits the apoplastic sucrose resource, which forces the plant transporter into a sucrose export mode providing the fungus with sugar from the phloem. Importantly, the high sucrose concentration in the phloem appeared disadvantageous for the ZmSUT1, preventing sucrose recovery from the apoplastic space in the fungus/plant interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Wittek
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Norbert Sauer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Tran TM, Hampton CS, Brossard TW, Harmata M, Robertson JD, Jurisson SS, Braun DM. In vivo transport of three radioactive [ 18F]-fluorinated deoxysucrose analogs by the maize sucrose transporter ZmSUT1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:1-11. [PMID: 28300727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose transporter (SUT) proteins translocate sucrose across cell membranes; however, mechanistic aspects of sucrose binding by SUTs are not well resolved. Specific hydroxyl groups in sucrose participate in hydrogen bonding with SUT proteins. We previously reported that substituting a radioactive fluorine-18 [18F] at the C-6' position within the fructosyl moiety of sucrose did not affect sucrose transport by the maize (Zea mays) ZmSUT1 protein. To determine how 18F substitution of hydroxyl groups at two other positions within sucrose, the C-1' in the fructosyl moiety or the C-6 in the glucosyl moiety, impact sucrose transport, we synthesized 1'-[F18]fluoro-1'-deoxysucrose and 6-[F18]fluoro-6-deoxysucrose ([18F]FDS) analogs. Each [18F]FDS derivative was independently introduced into wild-type or sut1 mutant plants, which are defective in sucrose phloem loading. All three (1'-, 6'-, and 6-) [18F]FDS derivatives were efficiently and equally translocated, similarly to carbon-14 [14C]-labeled sucrose. Hence, individually replacing the hydroxyl groups at these positions within sucrose does not interfere with substrate recognition, binding, or membrane transport processes, and hydroxyl groups at these three positions are not essential for hydrogen bonding between sucrose and ZmSUT1. [18F]FDS imaging afforded several advantages compared to [14C]-sucrose detection. We calculated that 1'-[18F]FDS was transported at approximately a rate of 0.90 ± 0.15 m.h-1 in wild-type leaves, and at 0.68 ± 0.25 m.h-1 in sut1 mutant leaves. Collectively, our data indicated that [18F]FDS analogs are valuable tools to probe sucrose-SUT interactions and to monitor sucrose transport in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu M Tran
- Plant Imaging Consortium, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Carissa S Hampton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Tom W Brossard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Michael Harmata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - J David Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Plant Imaging Consortium, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - David M Braun
- Plant Imaging Consortium, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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11
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Chen ZH, Chen G, Dai F, Wang Y, Hills A, Ruan YL, Zhang G, Franks PJ, Nevo E, Blatt MR. Molecular Evolution of Grass Stomata. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:124-139. [PMID: 27776931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grasses began to diversify in the late Cretaceous Period and now dominate more than one third of global land area, including three-quarters of agricultural land. We hypothesize that their success is likely attributed to the evolution of highly responsive stomata capable of maximizing productivity in rapidly changing environments. Grass stomata harness the active turgor control mechanisms present in stomata of more ancient plant lineages, maximizing several morphological and developmental features to ensure rapid responses to environmental inputs. The evolutionary development of grass stomata appears to have been a gradual progression. Therefore, understanding the complex structures, developmental events, regulatory networks, and combinations of ion transporters necessary to drive rapid stomatal movement may inform future efforts towards breeding new crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Dai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peter J Franks
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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12
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Cai Y, Tu W, Zu Y, Yan J, Xu Z, Lu J, Zhang Y. Overexpression of a Grapevine Sucrose Transporter (VvSUC27) in Tobacco Improves Plant Growth Rate in the Presence of Sucrose In vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1069. [PMID: 28676814 PMCID: PMC5476780 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The import of sugar from source leaves and it further accumulation in grape berries are considerably high during ripening, and this process is mediated via sucrose transporters. In this study, a grape sucrose transporter (SUT) gene, VvSUC27, located at the plasma membrane, was transferred to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The transformants were more sensitive to sucrose and showed more rapid development, especially roots, when cultured on MS agar medium containing sucrose, considering that the shoot/root dry weight ratio was only half that of the control. Moreover, all transformed plants exhibited light-colored leaves throughout their development, which indicated chlorosis and an associated reduction in photosynthesis. The total sugar content in the roots and stems of transformants was higher than that in control plants. No significant difference was observed in the leaves between the transformants and control plants. The levels of growth-promoting hormones were increased, and those of stress-mediating hormones were reduced in transgenic tobacco plants. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of VvSUC27 was 1,000 times higher than that of the autologous tobacco sucrose transporter, which suggested that the markedly increased growth rate of transformants was because of the heterogeneously expressed gene. The transgenic tobacco plants showed resistance to abiotic stresses. Strikingly, the overexpression of VvSUC27 leaded to the up regulation of most reactive oxygen species scavengers and abscisic acid-related genes that might enable transgenic plants to overcome abiotic stress. Taken together, these results revealed an important role of VvSUC27 in plant growth and response to abiotic stresses, especially in the presence of sucrose in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wenrui Tu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yunyun Zu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zimo Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yali Zhang
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13
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Jaborsky M, Maierhofer T, Olbrich A, Escalante-Pérez M, Müller HM, Simon J, Krol E, Cuin TA, Fromm J, Ache P, Geiger D, Hedrich R. SLAH3-type anion channel expressed in poplar secretory epithelia operates in calcium kinase CPK-autonomous manner. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:922-33. [PMID: 26831448 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Extrafloral nectaries secrete a sweet sugar cocktail that lures predator insects for protection from foraging herbivores. Apart from sugars and amino acids, the nectar contains the anions chloride and nitrate. Recent studies with Populus have identified a type of nectary covered by apical bipolar epidermal cells, reminiscent of the secretory brush border epithelium in animals. Border epithelia operate transepithelial anion transport, which is required for membrane potential and/or osmotic adjustment of the secretory cells. In search of anion transporters expressed in extrafloral nectaries, we identified PttSLAH3 (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides SLAC1 Homologue3), an anion channel of the SLAC/SLAH family. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, PttSLAH3 displayed the features of a voltage-dependent anion channel, permeable to both nitrate and chloride. In contrast to the Arabidopsis SLAC/SLAH family members, the poplar isoform PttSLAH3 is independent of phosphorylation activation by protein kinases. To understand the basis for the autonomous activity of the poplar SLAH3, we generated and expressed chimera between kinase-independent PttSLAH3 and kinase-dependent Arabidopsis AtSLAH3. We identified the N-terminal tail and, to a lesser extent, the C-terminal tail as responsible for PttSLAH3 kinase-(in)dependent action. This feature of PttSLAH3 may provide the secretory cell with a channel probably controlling long-term nectar secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Jaborsky
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Andrea Olbrich
- Thünen Institute of Wood Research, Leuschnerstr. 91d, Hamburg, 21031, Germany
| | - María Escalante-Pérez
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Heike M Müller
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Judy Simon
- Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Krol
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Center for Wood Sciences, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstr. 91, Hamburg, 21031, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
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14
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Priest M, Bezanilla F. Functional Site-Directed Fluorometry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 869:55-76. [PMID: 26381940 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2845-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Initially developed in the mid-1990s to examine the conformational changes of the canonical Shaker voltage-gated potassium channel, functional site-directed fluorometry has since been expanded to numerous other voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels as well as transporters, pumps, and other integral membrane proteins. The power of functional site-directed fluorometry, also known as voltage-clamp fluorometry, lies in its ability to provide information on the conformational changes in a protein in response to changes in its environment with high temporal resolution while simultaneously monitoring the function of that protein. Over time, applications of site-directed fluorometry have expanded to examine the interactions of ion channels with modulators ranging from membrane potential to ligands to accessory protein subunits to lipids. In the future, the range of questions answerable by functional site-directed fluorometry and its interpretive power should continue to improve, making it an even more powerful technique for dissecting the conformational dynamics of ion channels and other membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Priest
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Gordon Center for Integrative Science W229M, 929 East 57th Street, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Francisco Bezanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Gordon Center for Integrative Science W229M, 929 East 57th Street, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Schott S, Valdebenito B, Bustos D, Gomez-Porras JL, Sharma T, Dreyer I. Cooperation through Competition-Dynamics and Microeconomics of a Minimal Nutrient Trade System in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:912. [PMID: 27446142 PMCID: PMC4921476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, fungi and plants exchange nutrients (sugars and phosphate, for instance) for reciprocal benefit. Until now it is not clear how this nutrient exchange system works. Here, we used computational cell biology to simulate the dynamics of a network of proton pumps and proton-coupled transporters that are upregulated during AM formation. We show that this minimal network is sufficient to describe accurately and realistically the nutrient trade system. By applying basic principles of microeconomics, we link the biophysics of transmembrane nutrient transport with the ecology of organismic interactions and straightforwardly explain macroscopic scenarios of the relations between plant and AM fungus. This computational cell biology study allows drawing far reaching hypotheses about the mechanism and the regulation of nutrient exchange and proposes that the "cooperation" between plant and fungus can be in fact the result of a competition between both for the same resources in the tiny periarbuscular space. The minimal model presented here may serve as benchmark to evaluate in future the performance of more complex models of AM nutrient exchange. As a first step toward this goal, we included SWEET sugar transporters in the model and show that their co-occurrence with proton-coupled sugar transporters results in a futile carbon cycle at the plant plasma membrane proposing that two different pathways for the same substrate should not be active at the same time.
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16
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Benito B, Haro R, Amtmann A, Cuin TA, Dreyer I. The twins K+ and Na+ in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:723-31. [PMID: 24810769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the earth's crust and in seawater, K(+) and Na(+) are by far the most available monovalent inorganic cations. Physico-chemically, K(+) and Na(+) are very similar, but K(+) is widely used by plants whereas Na(+) can easily reach toxic levels. Indeed, salinity is one of the major and growing threats to agricultural production. In this article, we outline the fundamental bases for the differences between Na(+) and K(+). We present the foundation of transporter selectivity and summarize findings on transporters of the HKT type, which are reported to transport Na(+) and/or Na(+) and K(+), and may play a central role in Na(+) utilization and detoxification in plants. Based on the structural differences in the hydration shells of K(+) and Na(+), and by comparison with sodium channels, we present an ad hoc mechanistic model that can account for ion permeation through HKTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Haro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Amtmann
- Institute of Molecular, Cellular and Systems Biology (MCSB), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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