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Stolle DS, Osterhoff L, Treimer P, Lambertz J, Karstens M, Keller JM, Gerlach I, Bischoff A, Dünschede B, Rödiger A, Herrmann C, Baginsky S, Hofmann E, Zoschke R, Armbruster U, Nowaczyk MM, Schünemann D. STIC2 selectively binds ribosome-nascent chain complexes in the cotranslational sorting of Arabidopsis thylakoid proteins. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00211-4. [PMID: 39192033 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast-encoded multi-span thylakoid membrane proteins are crucial for photosynthetic complexes, yet the coordination of their biogenesis remains poorly understood. To identify factors that specifically support the cotranslational biogenesis of the reaction center protein D1 of photosystem (PS) II, we generated and affinity-purified stalled ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCs) bearing D1 nascent chains. Stalled RNCs translating the soluble ribosomal subunit uS2c were used for comparison. Quantitative tandem-mass spectrometry of the purified RNCs identified around 140 proteins specifically associated with D1 RNCs, mainly involved in protein and cofactor biogenesis, including chlorophyll biosynthesis, and other metabolic pathways. Functional analysis of STIC2, a newly identified D1 RNC interactor, revealed its cooperation with chloroplast protein SRP54 in the de novo biogenesis and repair of D1, and potentially other cotranslationally-targeted reaction center subunits of PSII and PSI. The primary binding interface between STIC2 and the thylakoid insertase Alb3 and its homolog Alb4 was mapped to STIC2's β-sheet region, and the conserved Motif III in the C-terminal regions of Alb3/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S Stolle
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena Osterhoff
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Treimer
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Lambertz
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marie Karstens
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Ines Gerlach
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annika Bischoff
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatrix Dünschede
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Rödiger
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Physical Chemistry I, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Potsdam, Germany
- Molecular Photosynthesis, Faculty of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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2
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Xu HF, Yu C, Bai Y, Zuo AW, Ye YT, Liu YR, Li ZK, Dai GZ, Chen M, Qiu BS. Red-light-dependent chlorophyll synthesis kindles photosynthetic recovery of chlorotic dormant cyanobacteria using a dark-operative enzyme. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)01022-4. [PMID: 39146941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Chlorosis dormancy resulting from nitrogen starvation and its resuscitation upon available nitrogen contributes greatly to the fitness of cyanobacterial population under nitrogen-fluctuating environments. The reinstallation of the photosynthetic machinery is a key process for resuscitation from a chlorotic dormant state; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism is still elusive. Here, we reported that red light is essential for re-greening chlorotic Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (a non-diazotrophic cyanobacterium) after nitrogen supplement under weak light conditions. The expression of dark-operative protochlorophyllide reductase (DPOR) governed by the transcriptional factor RpaB was strikingly induced by red light in chlorotic cells, and its deficient mutant lost the capability of resuscitation from a dormant state, indicating DPOR catalyzing chlorophyll synthesis is a key step in the photosynthetic recovery of dormant cyanobacteria. Although light-dependent protochlorophyllide reductase is widely considered as a master switch in photomorphogenesis, this study unravels the primitive DPOR as a spark to activate the photosynthetic recovery of chlorotic dormant cyanobacteria. These findings provide new insight into the biological significance of DPOR in cyanobacteria and even some plants thriving in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Ai-Wei Zuo
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Tong Ye
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Ru Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng-Ke Li
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Dai
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bao-Sheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China.
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3
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Iwai M, Patel-Tupper D, Niyogi KK. Structural Diversity in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Light Harvesting. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:119-152. [PMID: 38360524 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-015519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has been using energy from sunlight to assimilate atmospheric CO2 for at least 3.5 billion years. Through evolution and natural selection, photosynthetic organisms have flourished in almost all aquatic and terrestrial environments. This is partly due to the diversity of light-harvesting complex (LHC) proteins, which facilitate photosystem assembly, efficient excitation energy transfer, and photoprotection. Structural advances have provided angstrom-level structures of many of these proteins and have expanded our understanding of the pigments, lipids, and residues that drive LHC function. In this review, we compare and contrast recently observed cryo-electron microscopy structures across photosynthetic eukaryotes to identify structural motifs that underlie various light-harvesting strategies. We discuss subtle monomer changes that result in macroscale reorganization of LHC oligomers. Additionally, we find recurring patterns across diverse LHCs that may serve as evolutionary stepping stones for functional diversification. Advancing our understanding of LHC protein-environment interactions will improve our capacity to engineer more productive crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel-Tupper
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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4
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Dai GZ, Song WY, Xu HF, Tu M, Yu C, Li ZK, Shang JL, Jin CL, Ding CS, Zuo LZ, Liu YR, Yan WW, Zang SS, Liu K, Zhang Z, Bock R, Qiu BS. Hypothetical chloroplast reading frame 51 encodes a photosystem I assembly factor in cyanobacteria. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1844-1867. [PMID: 38146915 PMCID: PMC11062458 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypothetical chloroplast open reading frames (ycfs) are putative genes in the plastid genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Many ycfs are also conserved in the genomes of cyanobacteria, the presumptive ancestors of present-day chloroplasts. The functions of many ycfs are still unknown. Here, we generated knock-out mutants for ycf51 (sll1702) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The mutants showed reduced photoautotrophic growth due to impaired electron transport between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. This phenotype results from greatly reduced PSI content in the ycf51 mutant. The ycf51 disruption had little effect on the transcription of genes encoding photosynthetic complex components and the stabilization of the PSI complex. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that Ycf51 cooperates with PSI assembly factor Ycf3 to mediate PSI assembly. Furthermore, Ycf51 interacts with the PSI subunit PsaC. Together with its specific localization in the thylakoid membrane and the stromal exposure of its hydrophilic region, our data suggest that Ycf51 is involved in PSI complex assembly. Ycf51 is conserved in all sequenced cyanobacteria, including the earliest branching cyanobacteria of the Gloeobacter genus, and is also present in the plastid genomes of glaucophytes. However, Ycf51 has been lost from other photosynthetic eukaryotic lineages. Thus, Ycf51 is a PSI assembly factor that has been functionally replaced during the evolution of oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zheng Dai
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei-Yu Song
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Miao Tu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zheng-Ke Li
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Shang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chun-Lei Jin
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chao-Shun Ding
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling-Zi Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Yan
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Sha-Sha Zang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ralph Bock
- Department III, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bao-Sheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
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5
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Zhang L, Ruan J, Gao F, Xin Q, Che LP, Cai L, Liu Z, Kong M, Rochaix JD, Mi H, Peng L. Thylakoid protein FPB1 synergistically cooperates with PAM68 to promote CP47 biogenesis and Photosystem II assembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3122. [PMID: 38600073 PMCID: PMC11006888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In chloroplasts, insertion of proteins with multiple transmembrane domains (TMDs) into thylakoid membranes usually occurs in a co-translational manner. Here, we have characterized a thylakoid protein designated FPB1 (Facilitator of PsbB biogenesis1) which together with a previously reported factor PAM68 (Photosynthesis Affected Mutant68) is involved in assisting the biogenesis of CP47, a subunit of the Photosystem II (PSII) core. Analysis by ribosome profiling reveals increased ribosome stalling when the last TMD segment of CP47 emerges from the ribosomal tunnel in fpb1 and pam68. FPB1 interacts with PAM68 and both proteins coimmunoprecipitate with SecY/E and Alb3 as well as with some ribosomal components. Thus, our data indicate that, in coordination with the SecY/E translocon and the Alb3 integrase, FPB1 synergistically cooperates with PAM68 to facilitate the co-translational integration of the last two CP47 TMDs and the large loop between them into thylakoids and the PSII core complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Junxiang Ruan
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fudan Gao
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Qiang Xin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Li-Ping Che
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lujuan Cai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hualing Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences / Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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6
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Su J, Jiao Q, Jia T, Hu X. The photosystem-II repair cycle: updates and open questions. PLANTA 2023; 259:20. [PMID: 38091081 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The photosystem-II (PSII) repair cycle is essential for the maintenance of photosynthesis in plants. A number of novel findings have illuminated the regulatory mechanisms of the PSII repair cycle. Photosystem II (PSII) is a large pigment-protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. It plays a vital role in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy, splitting water, releasing molecular oxygen, and transferring electrons for plastoquinone reduction. However, PSII, especially the PsbA (D1) core subunit, is highly susceptible to oxidative damage. To prevent irreversible damage, plants have developed a repair cycle. The main objective of the PSII repair cycle is the degradation of photodamaged D1 and insertion of newly synthesized D1 into the PSII complex. While many factors are known to be involved in PSII repair, the exact mechanism is still under investigation. In this review, we discuss the primary steps of PSII repair, focusing on the proteolytic degradation of photodamaged D1 and the factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Su
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qingsong Jiao
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ting Jia
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xueyun Hu
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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7
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Kiss É, Talbot J, Adams NBP, Opekar S, Moos M, Pilný J, Kvasov T, Schneider E, Koník P, Šimek P, Sobotka R. Chlorophyll biosynthesis under the control of arginine metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113265. [PMID: 37864789 PMCID: PMC10783636 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In natural environments, photosynthetic organisms adjust their metabolism to cope with the fluctuating availability of combined nitrogen sources, a growth-limiting factor. For acclimation, the dynamic degradation/synthesis of tetrapyrrolic pigments, as well as of the amino acid arginine, is pivotal; however, there has been no evidence that these processes could be functionally coupled. Using co-immunopurification and spectral shift assays, we found that in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the arginine metabolism-related ArgD and CphB enzymes form protein complexes with Gun4, an essential protein for chlorophyll biosynthesis. Gun4 binds ArgD with high affinity, and the Gun4-ArgD complex accumulates in cells supplemented with ornithine, a key intermediate of the arginine pathway. Elevated ornithine levels restricted de novo synthesis of tetrapyrroles, which arrested the recovery from nitrogen deficiency. Our data reveal a direct crosstalk between tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and arginine metabolism that highlights the importance of balancing photosynthetic pigment synthesis with nitrogen homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Kiss
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Talbot
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan B P Adams
- NanoTemper Technologies, Floessegasse 4, 81369 Munich, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stanislav Opekar
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pilný
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tatjana Kvasov
- NanoTemper Technologies, Floessegasse 4, 81369 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Koník
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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8
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Mahbub M, Mullineaux CW. Locations of membrane protein production in a cyanobacterium. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0020923. [PMID: 37787518 PMCID: PMC10601611 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00209-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria show an unusually complex prokaryotic cell structure including a distinct intracytoplasmic membrane system, the thylakoid membranes that are the site of the photosynthetic light reactions. The thylakoid and plasma membranes have sharply distinct proteomes, but the mechanisms that target proteins to a specific membrane remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the locations of translation of thylakoid and plasma membrane proteins in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. We use fluorescent in situ hybridization to probe the locations of mRNAs encoding membrane-integral proteins, plus Green Fluorescent Protein tagging of the RplL subunit to reveal the location of ribosomes under different conditions. We show that membrane-integral thylakoid and plasma membrane proteins are translated in different locations. Thylakoid membrane proteins are translated in patches at the innermost thylakoid membrane surface facing the nucleoid. However, different proteins are translated in different patches, even when they are subunits of the same multiprotein complex. This implies that translation is distributed over the proximal thylakoid surface, with newly inserted proteins migrating within the membrane prior to incorporation into complexes. mRNAs encoding plasma membrane proteins form patches at the plasma membrane. Ribosomes can be observed at similar locations near the thylakoid and plasma membranes, with more ribosomes near the plasma membrane when conditions force rapid production of plasma membrane proteins. There must be routes for ribosomes and mRNAs past the thylakoids to the plasma membrane. We infer a system to chaperone plasma membrane mRNAs to prevent their translation prior to arrival at the correct membrane. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria have a complex and distinct membrane system within the cytoplasm, the thylakoid membranes that house the photosynthetic light reactions. The thylakoid and plasma membranes contain distinct sets of proteins, but the steps that target proteins to the two membranes remain unclear. Knowledge of the protein sorting rules will be crucial for the biotechnological re-engineering of cyanobacterial cells, and for understanding the evolutionary development of the thylakoids. Here, we probe the subcellular locations of the mRNAs that encode cyanobacterial membrane proteins and the ribosomes that translate them. We show that thylakoid and plasma membrane proteins are produced at different locations, providing the first direct evidence for a sorting mechanism that operates prior to protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moontaha Mahbub
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Conrad W. Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Nellaepalli S, Lau AS, Jarvis RP. Chloroplast protein translocation pathways and ubiquitin-dependent regulation at a glance. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs241125. [PMID: 37732520 PMCID: PMC10546890 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis and numerous metabolic and signalling processes that enable plant growth and development. Most of the ∼3000 proteins in chloroplasts are nucleus encoded and must be imported from the cytosol. Thus, the protein import machinery of the organelle (the TOC-TIC apparatus) is of fundamental importance for chloroplast biogenesis and operation. Cytosolic factors target chloroplast precursor proteins to the TOC-TIC apparatus, which drives protein import across the envelope membranes into the organelle, before various internal systems mediate downstream routing to different suborganellar compartments. The protein import system is proteolytically regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), enabling centralized control over the organellar proteome. In addition, the UPS targets a range of chloroplast proteins directly. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we present mechanistic details of these different chloroplast protein targeting and translocation events, and of the UPS systems that regulate chloroplast proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Nellaepalli
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Anne Sophie Lau
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - R. Paul Jarvis
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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10
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Zhao Z, Vercellino I, Knoppová J, Sobotka R, Murray JW, Nixon PJ, Sazanov LA, Komenda J. The Ycf48 accessory factor occupies the site of the oxygen-evolving manganese cluster during photosystem II biogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4681. [PMID: 37542031 PMCID: PMC10403576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust oxygenic photosynthesis requires a suite of accessory factors to ensure efficient assembly and repair of the oxygen-evolving photosystem two (PSII) complex. The highly conserved Ycf48 assembly factor binds to the newly synthesized D1 reaction center polypeptide and promotes the initial steps of PSII assembly, but its binding site is unclear. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of a cyanobacterial PSII D1/D2 reaction center assembly complex with Ycf48 attached. Ycf48, a 7-bladed beta propeller, binds to the amino-acid residues of D1 that ultimately ligate the water-oxidising Mn4CaO5 cluster, thereby preventing the premature binding of Mn2+ and Ca2+ ions and protecting the site from damage. Interactions with D2 help explain how Ycf48 promotes assembly of the D1/D2 complex. Overall, our work provides valuable insights into the early stages of PSII assembly and the structural changes that create the binding site for the Mn4CaO5 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhao
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Irene Vercellino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jana Knoppová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budĕjovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - James W Murray
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budĕjovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
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11
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Wang F, Dischinger K, Westrich LD, Meindl I, Egidi F, Trösch R, Sommer F, Johnson X, Schroda M, Nickelsen J, Willmund F, Vallon O, Bohne AV. One-helix protein 2 is not required for the synthesis of photosystem II subunit D1 in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1612-1633. [PMID: 36649171 PMCID: PMC10022639 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In land plants and cyanobacteria, co-translational association of chlorophyll (Chl) to the nascent D1 polypeptide, a reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII), requires a Chl binding complex consisting of a short-chain dehydrogenase (high chlorophyll fluorescence 244 [HCF244]/uncharacterized protein 39 [Ycf39]) and one-helix proteins (OHP1 and OHP2 in chloroplasts) of the light-harvesting antenna complex superfamily. Here, we show that an ohp2 mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) fails to accumulate core PSII subunits, in particular D1 (encoded by the psbA mRNA). Extragenic suppressors arose at high frequency, suggesting the existence of another route for Chl association to PSII. The ohp2 mutant was complemented by the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog. In contrast to land plants, where psbA translation is prevented in the absence of OHP2, ribosome profiling experiments showed that the Chlamydomonas mutant translates the psbA transcript over its full length. Pulse labeling suggested that D1 is degraded during or immediately after translation. The translation of other PSII subunits was affected by assembly-controlled translational regulation. Proteomics showed that HCF244, a translation factor which associates with and is stabilized by OHP2 in land plants, still partly accumulates in the Chlamydomonas ohp2 mutant, explaining the persistence of psbA translation. Several Chl biosynthesis enzymes overaccumulate in the mutant membranes. Partial inactivation of a D1-degrading protease restored a low level of PSII activity in an ohp2 background, but not photoautotrophy. Taken together, our data suggest that OHP2 is not required for psbA translation in Chlamydomonas, but is necessary for D1 stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
- UMR 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | | | - Lisa Désirée Westrich
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Irene Meindl
- Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Felix Egidi
- Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Raphael Trösch
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Xenie Johnson
- UMR 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joerg Nickelsen
- Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Felix Willmund
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Olivier Vallon
- UMR 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
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12
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Jackson PJ, Hitchcock A, Brindley AA, Dickman MJ, Hunter CN. Absolute quantification of cellular levels of photosynthesis-related proteins in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:219-245. [PMID: 36542271 PMCID: PMC9958174 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying cellular components is a basic and important step for understanding how a cell works, how it responds to environmental changes, and for re-engineering cells to produce valuable metabolites and increased biomass. We quantified proteins in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 given the general importance of cyanobacteria for global photosynthesis, for synthetic biology and biotechnology research, and their ancestral relationship to the chloroplasts of plants. Four mass spectrometry methods were used to quantify cellular components involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid and bilin pigments, membrane assembly, the light reactions of photosynthesis, fixation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and hydrogen and sulfur metabolism. Components of biosynthetic pathways, such as those for chlorophyll or for photosystem II assembly, range between 1000 and 10,000 copies per cell, but can be tenfold higher for CO2 fixation enzymes. The most abundant subunits are those for photosystem I, with around 100,000 copies per cell, approximately 2 to fivefold higher than for photosystem II and ATP synthase, and 5-20 fold more than for the cytochrome b6f complex. Disparities between numbers of pathway enzymes, between components of electron transfer chains, and between subunits within complexes indicate possible control points for biosynthetic processes, bioenergetic reactions and for the assembly of multisubunit complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Amanda A Brindley
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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13
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Levin G, Schuster G. LHC-like Proteins: The Guardians of Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2503. [PMID: 36768826 PMCID: PMC9916820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of chlorophyll-containing light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) was a crucial milestone in the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins form complexes in proximity to the reaction centres of photosystems I and II and serve as an antenna, funnelling the harvested light energy towards the reaction centres, facilitating photochemical quenching, thereby optimizing photosynthesis. It is now generally accepted that the LHC proteins evolved from LHC-like proteins, a diverse family of proteins containing up to four transmembrane helices. Interestingly, LHC-like proteins do not participate in light harvesting to elevate photosynthesis activity under low light. Instead, they protect the photosystems by dissipating excess energy and taking part in non-photochemical quenching processes. Although there is evidence that LHC-like proteins are crucial factors of photoprotection, the roles of only a few of them, mainly the stress-related psbS and lhcSR, are well described. Here, we summarize the knowledge gained regarding the evolution and function of the various LHC-like proteins, with emphasis on those strongly related to photoprotection. We further suggest LHC-like proteins as candidates for improving photosynthesis in significant food crops and discuss future directions in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Levin
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Gadi Schuster
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
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14
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Krynická V, Skotnicová P, Jackson PJ, Barnett S, Yu J, Wysocka A, Kaňa R, Dickman MJ, Nixon PJ, Hunter CN, Komenda J. FtsH4 protease controls biogenesis of the PSII complex by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100502. [PMID: 36463410 PMCID: PMC9860182 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
FtsH proteases are membrane-embedded proteolytic complexes important for protein quality control and regulation of various physiological processes in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Like most cyanobacteria, the model species Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains four FtsH homologs, FtsH1-FtsH4. FtsH1-FtsH3 form two hetero-oligomeric complexes, FtsH1/3 and FtsH2/3, which play a pivotal role in acclimation to nutrient deficiency and photosystem II quality control, respectively. FtsH4 differs from the other three homologs by the formation of a homo-oligomeric complex, and together with Arabidopsis thaliana AtFtsH7/9 orthologs, it has been assigned to another phylogenetic group of unknown function. Our results exclude the possibility that Synechocystis FtsH4 structurally or functionally substitutes for the missing or non-functional FtsH2 subunit in the FtsH2/3 complex. Instead, we demonstrate that FtsH4 is involved in the biogenesis of photosystem II by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins (Hlips). FtsH4 positively regulates expression of Hlips shortly after high light exposure but is also responsible for Hlip removal under conditions when their elevated levels are no longer needed. We provide experimental support for Hlips as proteolytic substrates of FtsH4. Fluorescent labeling of FtsH4 enabled us to assess its localization using advanced microscopic techniques. Results show that FtsH4 complexes are concentrated in well-defined membrane regions at the inner and outer periphery of the thylakoid system. Based on the identification of proteins that co-purified with the tagged FtsH4, we speculate that FtsH4 concentrates in special compartments in which the biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Krynická
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Skotnicová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Samuel Barnett
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anna Wysocka
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Josef Komenda
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
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15
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You M, You X, Yang X, Hu J, Lyu Y, Sun W. Black carbon and humic acid alleviate the toxicity of antibiotics to a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120646. [PMID: 36375576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matters (NOMs), omnipresent in natural water, challenge the toxicity assessment of pollutants to aquatic organisms due to their complex interactions with chemicals and organisms. Here, we investigated the combined toxicity of one solid NOM (black carbon, BC) or one soluble NOM (humic acid, HA) with antibiotics, roxithromycin (RTM) or gatifloxacin (GAT), to the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.. The NOMs alleviated the toxicity of RTM and GAT to Synechocystis sp., and BC had greater alleviation effects than HA due to its stronger adsorption to antibiotics. Antibiotics disturbed the photosynthesis of Synechocystis sp. significantly, which were also mitigated by BC and HA. Proteomic analysis showed that BC up-regulated the pathway of ribosome and photosynthetic antenna protein. GAT down-regulated the pathways of ABC transporter and oxidative phosphorylation. RTM interfered the pathway of porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, the addition of BC reduced the number of differentially expressed proteins caused by antibiotics, corroborating its mitigation effects on the toxicity of antibiotics. The disturbance of HA on the pathway of ABC transporters inhibited the internalization of RTM, thus decreasing its toxicity. This study underscores the significance of NOMs in mediating the toxicity of organic pollutants to aquatic organisms in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao You
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiuqi You
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jingrun Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yitao Lyu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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16
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Xiao Z, Huang C, Ge H, Wang Y, Duan X, Wang G, Zheng L, Dong J, Huang X, Zhang Y, An H, Xu W, Wang Y. Proximity Labeling Facilitates Defining the Proteome Neighborhood of Photosystem II Oxygen Evolution Complex in a Model Cyanobacterium. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100440. [PMID: 36356940 PMCID: PMC9764255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APEX)-based proximity labeling coupled with mass spectrometry has a great potential for spatiotemporal identification of proteins proximal to a protein complex of interest. Using this approach is feasible to define the proteome neighborhood of important protein complexes in a popular photosynthetic model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (hereafter named as Synechocystis). To this end, we developed a robust workflow for APEX2-based proximity labeling in Synechocystis and used the workflow to identify proteins proximal to the photosystem II (PS II) oxygen evolution complex (OEC) through fusion APEX2 with a luminal OEC subunit, PsbO. In total, 38 integral membrane proteins (IMPs) and 93 luminal proteins were identified as proximal to the OEC. A significant portion of these proteins are involved in PS II assembly, maturation, and repair, while the majority of the rest were not previously implicated with PS II. The IMPs include subunits of PS II and cytochrome b6/f, but not of photosystem I (except for PsaL) and ATP synthases, suggesting that the latter two complexes are spatially separated from the OEC with a distance longer than the APEX2 labeling radius. Besides, the topologies of six IMPs were successfully predicted because their lumen-facing regions exclusively contain potential APEX2 labeling sites. The luminal proteins include 66 proteins with a predicted signal peptide and 57 proteins localized also in periplasm, providing important targets to study the regulation and selectivity of protein translocation. Together, we not only developed a robust workflow for the application of APEX2-based proximity labeling in Synechocystis and showcased the feasibility to define the neighborhood proteome of an important protein complex with a short radius but also discovered a set of the proteins that potentially interact with and regulate PS II structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Coevolution of tandemly repeated hlips and RpaB-like transcriptional factor confers desiccation tolerance to subaerial Nostoc species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211244119. [PMID: 36215485 PMCID: PMC9586280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211244119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Desert-inhabiting cyanobacteria can tolerate extreme desiccation and quickly revive after rehydration. The regulatory mechanisms that enable their vegetative cells to resurrect upon rehydration are poorly understood. In this study, we identified a single gene family of high light-inducible proteins (Hlips) with dramatic expansion in the Nostoc flagelliforme genome and found an intriguingly special convergence formed through four tandem gene duplication. The emerged four independent hlip genes form a gene cluster (hlips-cluster) and respond to dehydration positively. The gene mutants in N. flagelliforme were successfully generated by using gene-editing technology. Phenotypic analysis showed that the desiccation tolerance of hlips-cluster-deleted mutant decreased significantly due to impaired photosystem II repair, whereas heterologous expression of hlips-cluster from N. flagelliforme enhanced desiccation tolerance in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. Furthermore, a transcription factor Hrf1 (hlips-cluster repressor factor 1) was identified and shown to coordinately regulate the expression of hlips-cluster and desiccation-induced psbAs. Hrf1 acts as a negative regulator for the adaptation of N. flagelliforme to the harsh desert environment. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most species in the Nostoc genus possess both tandemly repeated Hlips and Hrf1. Our results suggest convergent evolution of desiccation tolerance through the coevolution of tandem Hlips duplication and Hrf1 in subaerial Nostoc species, providing insights into the mechanism of desiccation tolerance in photosynthetic organisms.
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18
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Proctor MS, Morey-Burrows FS, Canniffe DP, Martin EC, Swainsbury DJK, Johnson MP, Hunter CN, Sutherland GA, Hitchcock A. Zeta-Carotene Isomerase (Z-ISO) Is Required for Light-Independent Carotenoid Biosynthesis in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1730. [PMID: 36144332 PMCID: PMC9505123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are crucial photosynthetic pigments utilized for light harvesting, energy transfer, and photoprotection. Although most of the enzymes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in chlorophototrophs are known, some are yet to be identified or fully characterized in certain organisms. A recently characterized enzyme in oxygenic phototrophs is 15-cis-zeta(ζ)-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), which catalyzes the cis-to-trans isomerization of the central 15-15' cis double bond in 9,15,9'-tri-cis-ζ-carotene to produce 9,9'-di-cis-ζ-carotene during the four-step conversion of phytoene to lycopene. Z-ISO is a heme B-containing enzyme best studied in angiosperms. Homologs of Z-ISO are present in organisms that use the multi-enzyme poly-cis phytoene desaturation pathway, including algae and cyanobacteria, but appear to be absent in green bacteria. Here we confirm the identity of Z-ISO in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by showing that the protein encoded by the slr1599 open reading frame has ζ-carotene isomerase activity when produced in Escherichia coli. A Synechocystis Δslr1599 mutant synthesizes a normal quota of carotenoids when grown under illumination, where the photolabile 15-15' cis double bond of 9,15,9'-tri-cis-ζ-carotene is isomerized by light, but accumulates this intermediate and fails to produce 'mature' carotenoid species during light-activated heterotrophic growth, demonstrating the requirement of Z-ISO for carotenoid biosynthesis during periods of darkness. In the absence of a structure of Z-ISO, we analyze AlphaFold models of the Synechocystis, Zea mays (maize), and Arabidopsis thaliana enzymes, identifying putative protein ligands for the heme B cofactor and the substrate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel P. Canniffe
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | | | - David J. K. Swainsbury
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - C. Neil Hunter
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Andrew Hitchcock
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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19
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Wang P, Ji S, Grimm B. Post-translational regulation of metabolic checkpoints in plant tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4624-4636. [PMID: 35536687 PMCID: PMC9992760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis produces metabolites that are essential for critical reactions in photosynthetic organisms, including chlorophylls, heme, siroheme, phytochromobilins, and their derivatives. Due to the paramount importance of tetrapyrroles, a better understanding of the complex regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis promises to improve plant productivity in the context of global climate change. Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis is known to be controlled at multiple levels-transcriptional, translational and post-translational. This review addresses recent advances in our knowledge of the post-translational regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and summarizes the regulatory functions of the various auxiliary factors involved. Intriguingly, the post-translational network features three prominent metabolic checkpoints, located at the steps of (i) 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis (the rate-limiting step in the pathway), (ii) the branchpoint between chlorophyll and heme synthesis, and (iii) the light-dependent enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. The regulation of protein stability, enzymatic activity, and the spatial organization of the committed enzymes in these three steps ensures the appropriate flow of metabolites through the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway during photoperiodic growth. In addition, we offer perspectives on currently open questions for future research on tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13 (Haus 12), 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuiling Ji
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13 (Haus 12), 10115 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Xu C, Wang B, Yang L, Zhongming Hu L, Yi L, Wang Y, Chen S, Emili A, Wan C. Global Landscape of Native Protein Complexes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:715-727. [PMID: 33636367 PMCID: PMC9880817 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter: Synechocystis) is a model organism for studying photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and environmental stress. Although known as the first fully sequenced phototrophic organism, Synechocystis still has almost half of its proteome without functional annotations. In this study, by using co-fractionation coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we define 291 multi-protein complexes, encompassing 24,092 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among 2062 distinct gene products. This information not only reveals the roles of photosynthesis in metabolism, cell motility, DNA repair, cell division, and other physiological processes, but also shows how protein functions vary from bacteria to higher plants due to changes in interaction partners. It also allows us to uncover the functions of hypothetical proteins, such as Sll0445, Sll0446, and Sll0447 involved in photosynthesis and cell motility, and Sll1334 involved in regulation of fatty acid biogenesis. Here we present the most extensive PPI data for Synechocystis so far, which provide critical insights into fundamental molecular mechanisms in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lucas Zhongming Hu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada
| | - Lanxing Yi
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shenglan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Andrew Emili
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada,Departments of Biochemistry and Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China,Corresponding author.
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21
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Lin YP, Shen YY, Shiu YB, Charng YY, Grimm B. Chlorophyll dephytylase 1 and chlorophyll synthase: a chlorophyll salvage pathway for the turnover of photosystems I and II. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:979-994. [PMID: 35694901 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is made up of the tetrapyrrole chlorophyllide and phytol, a diterpenoid alcohol. The photosynthetic protein complexes utilize Chl for light harvesting to produce biochemical energy for plant development. However, excess light and adverse environmental conditions facilitate generation of reactive oxygen species, which damage photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) and induce their turnover. During this process, Chl is released, and is thought to be recycled via dephytylation and rephytylation. We previously demonstrated that Chl recycling in Arabidopsis under heat stress is mediated by the enzymes chlorophyll dephytylase 1 (CLD1) and chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) using chlg and cld1 mutants. Here, we show that the mutants with high CLD1/CHLG ratio, by different combinations of chlg-1 (a knock-down mutant) and the hyperactive cld1-1 alleles, develop necrotic leaves when grown under long- and short-day, but not continuous light conditions, owing to the accumulation of chlorophyllide in the dark. Combination of chlg-1 with cld1-4 (a knock-out mutant) leads to reduced chlorophyllide accumulation and necrosis. The operation of CLD1 and CHLG as a Chl salvage pathway was also explored in the context of Chl recycling during the turnover of Chl-binding proteins of the two photosystems. CLD1 was found to interact with CHLG and the light-harvesting complex-like proteins OHP1 and LIL3, implying that auxiliary factors are required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Pin Lin
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13 Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Yen Shen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Bin Shiu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yee-Yung Charng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13 Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Rahimzadeh-Karvansara P, Pascual-Aznar G, Bečková M, Komenda J. Psb34 protein modulates binding of high-light-inducible proteins to CP47-containing photosystem II assembly intermediates in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:333-346. [PMID: 35279779 PMCID: PMC9458560 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of photosystem II (PSII), a water-splitting catalyst in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, requires numerous auxiliary proteins which promote individual steps of this sequential process and transiently associate with one or more assembly intermediate complexes. In this study, we focussed on the role of a PSII-associated protein encoded by the ssl1498 gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The N-terminal domain of this protein, which is here called Psb34, is very similar to the N-terminus of HliA/B proteins belonging to a family of high-light-inducible proteins (Hlips). Psb34 was identified in both dimeric and monomeric PSII, as well as in a PSII monomer lacking CP43 and containing Psb28. When FLAG-tagged, the protein is co-purified with these three complexes and with the PSII auxiliary proteins Psb27 and Psb28. However, the preparation also contained the oxygen-evolving enhancers PsbO and PsbV and lacked HliA/B proteins even when isolated from high-light-treated cells. The data suggest that Psb34 competes with HliA/B for the same binding site and that it is one of the components involved in the final conversion of late PSII assembly intermediates into functional PSII complexes, possibly keeping them free of Hlips. Unlike HliA/B, Psb34 does bind to the CP47 assembly module before its incorporation into PSII. Analysis of strains lacking Psb34 indicates that Psb34 mediates the optimal equilibrium of HliA/B binding among individual PSII assembly intermediates containing CP47, allowing Hlip-mediated photoprotection at all stages of PSII assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahimzadeh-Karvansara
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Guillem Pascual-Aznar
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bečková
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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23
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Knoppová J, Sobotka R, Yu J, Bečková M, Pilný J, Trinugroho JP, Csefalvay L, Bína D, Nixon PJ, Komenda J. Assembly of D1/D2 complexes of photosystem II: Binding of pigments and a network of auxiliary proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:790-804. [PMID: 35134246 PMCID: PMC9157124 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is the multi-subunit light-driven oxidoreductase that drives photosynthetic electron transport using electrons extracted from water. To investigate the initial steps of PSII assembly, we used strains of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 arrested at early stages of PSII biogenesis and expressing affinity-tagged PSII subunits to isolate PSII reaction center assembly (RCII) complexes and their precursor D1 and D2 modules (D1mod and D2mod). RCII preparations isolated using either a His-tagged D2 or a FLAG-tagged PsbI subunit contained the previously described RCIIa and RCII* complexes that differ with respect to the presence of the Ycf39 assembly factor and high light-inducible proteins (Hlips) and a larger complex consisting of RCIIa bound to monomeric PSI. All RCII complexes contained the PSII subunits D1, D2, PsbI, PsbE, and PsbF and the assembly factors rubredoxin A and Ycf48, but we also detected PsbN, Slr1470, and the Slr0575 proteins, which all have plant homologs. The RCII preparations also contained prohibitins/stomatins (Phbs) of unknown function and FtsH protease subunits. RCII complexes were active in light-induced primary charge separation and bound chlorophylls (Chls), pheophytins, beta-carotenes, and heme. The isolated D1mod consisted of D1/PsbI/Ycf48 with some Ycf39 and Phb3, while D2mod contained D2/cytochrome b559 with co-purifying PsbY, Phb1, Phb3, FtsH2/FtsH3, CyanoP, and Slr1470. As stably bound, Chl was detected in D1mod but not D2mod, formation of RCII appears to be important for stable binding of most of the Chls and both pheophytins. We suggest that Chl can be delivered to RCII from either monomeric Photosystem I or Ycf39/Hlips complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Knoppová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martina Bečková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pilný
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Joko P Trinugroho
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ladislav Csefalvay
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Třeboň 37901, Czech Republic
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24
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Konert MM, Wysocka A, Koník P, Sobotka R. High-light-inducible proteins HliA and HliB: pigment binding and protein-protein interactions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:317-332. [PMID: 35218444 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-light-inducible proteins (Hlips) are single-helix transmembrane proteins that are essential for the survival of cyanobacteria under stress conditions. The model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains four Hlip isoforms (HliA-D) that associate with Photosystem II (PSII) during its assembly. HliC and HliD are known to form pigmented (hetero)dimers that associate with the newly synthesized PSII reaction center protein D1 in a configuration that allows thermal dissipation of excitation energy. Thus, it is expected that they photoprotect the early steps of PSII biogenesis. HliA and HliB, on the other hand, bind the PSII inner antenna protein CP47, but the mode of interaction and pigment binding have not been resolved. Here, we isolated His-tagged HliA and HliB from Synechocystis and show that these two very similar Hlips do not interact with each other as anticipated, rather they form HliAC and HliBC heterodimers. Both dimers bind Chl and β-carotene in a quenching conformation and associate with the CP47 assembly module as well as later PSII assembly intermediates containing CP47. In the absence of HliC, the cellular levels of HliA and HliB were reduced, and both bound atypically to HliD. We postulate a model in which HliAC-, HliBC-, and HliDC-dimers are the functional Hlip units in Synechocystis. The smallest Hlip, HliC, acts as a 'generalist' that prevents unspecific dimerization of PSII assembly intermediates, while the N-termini of 'specialists' (HliA, B or D) dictate interactions with proteins other than Hlips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna M Konert
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237 - Opatovický mlýn, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237 - Opatovický mlýn, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Koník
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237 - Opatovický mlýn, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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25
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Proctor MS, Sutherland GA, Canniffe DP, Hitchcock A. The terminal enzymes of (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211903. [PMID: 35573041 PMCID: PMC9066304 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
(Bacterio)chlorophylls are modified tetrapyrroles that are used by phototrophic organisms to harvest solar energy, powering the metabolic processes that sustain most of the life on Earth. Biosynthesis of these pigments involves enzymatic modification of the side chains and oxidation state of a porphyrin precursor, modifications that differ by species and alter the absorption properties of the pigments. (Bacterio)chlorophylls are coordinated by proteins that form macromolecular assemblies to absorb light and transfer excitation energy to a special pair of redox-active (bacterio)chlorophyll molecules in the photosynthetic reaction centre. Assembly of these pigment-protein complexes is aided by an isoprenoid moiety esterified to the (bacterio)chlorin macrocycle, which anchors and stabilizes the pigments within their protein scaffolds. The reduction of the isoprenoid 'tail' and its addition to the macrocycle are the final stages in (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis and are catalysed by two enzymes, geranylgeranyl reductase and (bacterio)chlorophyll synthase. These enzymes work in conjunction with photosynthetic complex assembly factors and the membrane biogenesis machinery to synchronize delivery of the pigments to the proteins that coordinate them. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the catalytic mechanism, substrate recognition and regulation of these crucial enzymes and their involvement in thylakoid biogenesis and photosystem repair in oxygenic phototrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Proctor
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - George A. Sutherland
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daniel P. Canniffe
- Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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26
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Advances in the Understanding of the Lifecycle of Photosystem II. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050836. [PMID: 35630282 PMCID: PMC9145668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II is a light-driven water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase present in cyanobacteria, algae and plants. It produces molecular oxygen and protons to drive ATP synthesis, fueling life on Earth. As a multi-subunit membrane-protein-pigment complex, Photosystem II undergoes a dynamic cycle of synthesis, damage, and repair known as the Photosystem II lifecycle, to maintain a high level of photosynthetic activity at the cellular level. Cyanobacteria, oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, are frequently used as model organisms to study oxygenic photosynthetic processes due to their ease of growth and genetic manipulation. The cyanobacterial PSII structure and function have been well-characterized, but its lifecycle is under active investigation. In this review, advances in studying the lifecycle of Photosystem II in cyanobacteria will be discussed, with a particular emphasis on new structural findings enabled by cryo-electron microscopy. These structural findings complement a rich and growing body of biochemical and molecular biology research into Photosystem II assembly and repair.
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Hitchcock A, Hunter CN, Sobotka R, Komenda J, Dann M, Leister D. Redesigning the photosynthetic light reactions to enhance photosynthesis - the PhotoRedesign consortium. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:23-34. [PMID: 34709696 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective article, we describe the visions of the PhotoRedesign consortium funded by the European Research Council of how to enhance photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis in individual phototrophic species use only a fraction of the solar spectrum, and high light intensities can impair and even damage the process. In consequence, expanding the solar spectrum and enhancing the overall energy capacity of the process, while developing resilience to stresses imposed by high light intensities, could have a strong positive impact on food and energy production. So far, the complexity of the photosynthetic machinery has largely prevented improvements by conventional approaches. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop concepts to redesign the light-harvesting and photochemical capacity of photosynthesis, as well as to establish new model systems and toolkits for the next generation of photosynthesis researchers. The overall objective of PhotoRedesign is to reconfigure the photosynthetic light reactions so they can harvest and safely convert energy from an expanded solar spectrum. To this end, a variety of synthetic biology approaches, including de novo design, will combine the attributes of photosystems from different photoautotrophic model organisms, namely the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In parallel, adaptive laboratory evolution will be applied to improve the capacity of reimagined organisms to cope with enhanced input of solar energy, particularly in high and fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Christopher Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Dann
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
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28
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Plant LHC-like proteins show robust folding and static non-photochemical quenching. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6890. [PMID: 34824207 PMCID: PMC8617258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Life on Earth depends on photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Plants collect photons by light harvesting complexes (LHC)-abundant membrane proteins containing chlorophyll and xanthophyll molecules. LHC-like proteins are similar in their amino acid sequence to true LHC antennae, however, they rather serve a photoprotective function. Whether the LHC-like proteins bind pigments has remained unclear. Here, we characterize plant LHC-like proteins (LIL3 and ELIP2) produced in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis). Both proteins were associated with chlorophyll a (Chl) and zeaxanthin and LIL3 was shown to be capable of quenching Chl fluorescence via direct energy transfer from the Chl Qy state to zeaxanthin S1 state. Interestingly, the ability of the ELIP2 protein to quench can be acquired by modifying its N-terminal sequence. By employing Synechocystis carotenoid mutants and site-directed mutagenesis we demonstrate that, although LIL3 does not need pigments for folding, pigments stabilize the LIL3 dimer.
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29
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Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi M, Torabi S, Tulpan D, Rajcan I, Eskandari M. Genome-Wide Association Studies of Soybean Yield-Related Hyperspectral Reflectance Bands Using Machine Learning-Mediated Data Integration Methods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777028. [PMID: 34880894 PMCID: PMC8647880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In conjunction with big data analysis methods, plant omics technologies have provided scientists with cost-effective and promising tools for discovering genetic architectures of complex agronomic traits using large breeding populations. In recent years, there has been significant progress in plant phenomics and genomics approaches for generating reliable large datasets. However, selecting an appropriate data integration and analysis method to improve the efficiency of phenome-phenome and phenome-genome association studies is still a bottleneck. This study proposes a hyperspectral wide association study (HypWAS) approach as a phenome-phenome association analysis through a hierarchical data integration strategy to estimate the prediction power of hyperspectral reflectance bands in predicting soybean seed yield. Using HypWAS, five important hyperspectral reflectance bands in visible, red-edge, and near-infrared regions were identified significantly associated with seed yield. The phenome-genome association analysis of each tested hyperspectral reflectance band was performed using two conventional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) methods and a machine learning mediated GWAS based on the support vector regression (SVR) method. Using SVR-mediated GWAS, more relevant QTL with the physiological background of the tested hyperspectral reflectance bands were detected, supported by the functional annotation of candidate gene analyses. The results of this study have indicated the advantages of using hierarchical data integration strategy and advanced mathematical methods coupled with phenome-phenome and phenome-genome association analyses for a better understanding of the biology and genetic backgrounds of hyperspectral reflectance bands affecting soybean yield formation. The identified yield-related hyperspectral reflectance bands using HypWAS can be used as indirect selection criteria for selecting superior genotypes with improved yield genetic gains in large breeding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Torabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dan Tulpan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Istvan Rajcan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Milad Eskandari
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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30
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Bassi R, Dall'Osto L. Dissipation of Light Energy Absorbed in Excess: The Molecular Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:47-76. [PMID: 34143647 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071720-015522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This variability means that light collected by the light-harvesting system is often in excess with respect to photon fluence or spectral quality in the context of the capacity of photosynthetic metabolism to use ATP and reductants produced from the light reactions. Absorption of excess light can lead to increased production of excited, highly reactive intermediates, which expose photosynthetic organisms to serious risks of oxidative damage. Prevention and management of such stress are performed by photoprotective mechanisms, which operate by cutting down light absorption, limiting the generation of redox-active molecules, or scavenging reactive oxygen species that are released despite the operation of preventive mechanisms. Here, we describe the major physiological and molecular mechanisms of photoprotection involved in the harmless removal of the excess light energy absorbed by green algae and land plants. In vivo analyses of mutants targeting photosynthetic components and the enhanced resolution of spectroscopic techniques have highlighted specific mechanisms protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from overexcitation. Recent findings unveil a network of multiple interacting elements, the reaction times of which vary from a millisecond to weeks, that continuously maintain photosynthetic organisms within the narrow safety range between efficient light harvesting and photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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Bag P. Light Harvesting in Fluctuating Environments: Evolution and Function of Antenna Proteins across Photosynthetic Lineage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1184. [PMID: 34200788 PMCID: PMC8230411 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the major natural process that can harvest and harness solar energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is performed by a vast number of organisms from single cellular bacteria to higher plants and to make the process efficient, all photosynthetic organisms possess a special type of pigment protein complex(es) that is (are) capable of trapping light energy, known as photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae. From an evolutionary point of view, simpler (unicellular) organisms typically have a simple antenna, whereas higher plants possess complex antenna systems. The higher complexity of the antenna systems provides efficient fine tuning of photosynthesis. This relationship between the complexity of the antenna and the increasing complexity of the organism is mainly related to the remarkable acclimation capability of complex organisms under fluctuating environmental conditions. These antenna complexes not only harvest light, but also provide photoprotection under fluctuating light conditions. In this review, the evolution, structure, and function of different antenna complexes, from single cellular organisms to higher plants, are discussed in the context of the ability to acclimate and adapt to cope under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, UPSC, Umeå University, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
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32
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Wang P, Grimm B. Connecting Chlorophyll Metabolism with Accumulation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:484-495. [PMID: 33422426 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is indispensable for photosynthesis. In association with Chl-binding proteins (CBPs), it is responsible for light absorption, excitation energy transfer, and charge separation within the photosynthetic complexes. By contrast, photoexcitation of free Chl and its metabolic intermediates generates hazardous reactive oxygen species (ROS). While antagonistic activities of Chl synthesis and catabolism have been mostly elucidated, the tight synchronization of these metabolic activities with the formation and dismantling of the photosynthetic complexes is poorly understood. Recently, a set of auxiliary factors were identified to adjust metabolic activities and provide accurate amounts of Chl for pigment-protein complexes. Here, we review current knowledge of post-translational coordination of Chl formation, breakdown, and turnover with the assembly and disassembly of various CBPs and highlight future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Philippstraße 13 Building 12, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Philippstraße 13 Building 12, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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Fu HY, Ghandour R, Ruf S, Zoschke R, Bock R, Schöttler MA. The availability of neither D2 nor CP43 limits the biogenesis of photosystem II in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1111-1130. [PMID: 33793892 PMCID: PMC8133689 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pathway of photosystem II (PSII) assembly is well understood, and multiple auxiliary proteins supporting it have been identified, but little is known about rate-limiting steps controlling PSII biogenesis. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, indications exist that the biosynthesis of the chloroplast-encoded D2 reaction center subunit (PsbD) limits PSII accumulation. To determine the importance of D2 synthesis for PSII accumulation in vascular plants and elucidate the contributions of transcriptional and translational regulation, we modified the 5'-untranslated region of psbD via chloroplast transformation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). A drastic reduction in psbD mRNA abundance resulted in a strong decrease in PSII content, impaired photosynthetic electron transport, and retarded growth under autotrophic conditions. Overexpression of the psbD mRNA also increased transcript abundance of psbC (the CP43 inner antenna protein), which is co-transcribed with psbD. Because translation efficiency remained unaltered, translation output of pbsD and psbC increased with mRNA abundance. However, this did not result in increased PSII accumulation. The introduction of point mutations into the Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence or start codon of psbD decreased translation efficiency without causing pronounced effects on PSII accumulation and function. These data show that neither transcription nor translation of psbD and psbC are rate-limiting for PSII biogenesis in vascular plants and that PSII assembly and accumulation in tobacco are controlled by different mechanisms than in cyanobacteria or in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Fu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rabea Ghandour
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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34
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Pascual-Aznar G, Konert G, Bečkov M, Kotabov E, Gardian Z, Knoppov J, Bučinsk L, Kaňa R, Sobotka R, Komenda J. Psb35 Protein Stabilizes the CP47 Assembly Module and Associated High-Light Inducible Proteins during the Biogenesis of Photosystem II in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:178-190. [PMID: 33258963 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a large membrane protein complex performing primary charge separation in oxygenic photosynthesis. The biogenesis of PSII is a complicated process that involves a coordinated linking of assembly modules in a precise order. Each such module consists of one large chlorophyll (Chl)-binding protein, number of small membrane polypeptides, pigments and other cofactors. We isolated the CP47 antenna module from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and found that it contains a 11-kDa protein encoded by the ssl2148 gene. This protein was named Psb35 and its presence in the CP47 module was confirmed by the isolation of FLAG-tagged version of Psb35. Using this pulldown assay, we showed that the Psb35 remains attached to CP47 after the integration of CP47 into PSII complexes. However, the isolated Psb35-PSIIs were enriched with auxiliary PSII assembly factors like Psb27, Psb28-1, Psb28-2 and RubA while they lacked the lumenal proteins stabilizing the PSII oxygen-evolving complex. In addition, the Psb35 co-purified with a large unique complex of CP47 and photosystem I trimer. The absence of Psb35 led to a lower accumulation and decreased stability of the CP47 antenna module and associated high-light-inducible proteins but did not change the growth rate of the cyanobacterium under the variety of light regimes. Nevertheless, in comparison with WT, the Psb35-less mutant showed an accelerated pigment bleaching during prolonged dark incubation. The results suggest an involvement of Psb35 in the life cycle of cyanobacterial Chl-binding proteins, especially CP47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Pascual-Aznar
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovsk� 1760, Česk� Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Grzegorz Konert
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bečkov
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kotabov
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovsk� 1760, Česk� Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovsk� 31, Česk� Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Knoppov
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bučinsk
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Opatovick� ml�n, Novohradsk� 237, Třeboň 37981, Czech Republic
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35
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Chen GE, Hitchcock A, Mareš J, Gong Y, Tichý M, Pilný J, Kovářová L, Zdvihalová B, Xu J, Hunter CN, Sobotka R. Evolution of Ycf54-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024633118. [PMID: 33649240 PMCID: PMC7958208 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024633118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chls) are essential cofactors for photosynthesis. One of the least understood steps of Chl biosynthesis is formation of the fifth (E) ring, where the red substrate, magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester, is converted to the green product, 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a In oxygenic phototrophs, this reaction is catalyzed by an oxygen-dependent cyclase, consisting of a catalytic subunit (AcsF/CycI) and an auxiliary protein, Ycf54. Deletion of Ycf54 impairs cyclase activity and results in severe Chl deficiency, but its exact role is not clear. Here, we used a Δycf54 mutant of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to generate suppressor mutations that restore normal levels of Chl. Sequencing Δycf54 revertants identified a single D219G amino acid substitution in CycI and frameshifts in slr1916, which encodes a putative esterase. Introduction of these mutations to the original Δycf54 mutant validated the suppressor effect, especially in combination. However, comprehensive analysis of the Δycf54 suppressor strains revealed that the D219G-substituted CycI is only partially active and its accumulation is misregulated, suggesting that Ycf54 controls both the level and activity of CycI. We also show that Slr1916 has Chl dephytylase activity in vitro and its inactivation up-regulates the entire Chl biosynthetic pathway, resulting in improved cyclase activity. Finally, large-scale bioinformatic analysis indicates that our laboratory evolution of Ycf54-independent CycI mimics natural evolution of AcsF in low-light-adapted ecotypes of the oceanic cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus, which lack Ycf54, providing insight into the evolutionary history of the cyclase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu E Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Mareš
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single-Cell Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Martin Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pilný
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kovářová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Zdvihalová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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36
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Xanthophyll carotenoids stabilise the association of cyanobacterial chlorophyll synthase with the LHC-like protein HliD. Biochem J 2021; 477:4021-4036. [PMID: 32990304 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) catalyses a terminal reaction in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, attachment of phytol or geranylgeraniol to the C17 propionate of chlorophyllide. Cyanobacterial ChlG forms a stable complex with high light-inducible protein D (HliD), a small single-helix protein homologous to the third transmembrane helix of plant light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). The ChlG-HliD assembly binds chlorophyll, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll and associates with the YidC insertase, most likely to facilitate incorporation of chlorophyll into translated photosystem apoproteins. HliD independently coordinates chlorophyll and β-carotene but the role of the xanthophylls, which appear to be exclusive to the core ChlG-HliD assembly, is unclear. Here we generated mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacking specific combinations of carotenoids or HliD in a background with FLAG- or His-tagged ChlG. Immunoprecipitation experiments and analysis of isolated membranes demonstrate that the absence of zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll significantly weakens the interaction between HliD and ChlG. ChlG alone does not bind carotenoids and accumulation of the chlorophyllide substrate in the absence of xanthophylls indicates that activity/stability of the 'naked' enzyme is perturbed. In contrast, the interaction of HliD with a second partner, the photosystem II assembly factor Ycf39, is preserved in the absence of xanthophylls. We propose that xanthophylls are required for the stable association of ChlG and HliD, acting as a 'molecular glue' at the lateral transmembrane interface between these proteins; roles for zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll in ChlG-HliD complexation are discussed, as well as the possible presence of similar complexes between LHC-like proteins and chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes in plants.
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37
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Dahlgren KK, Gates C, Lee T, Cameron JC. Proximity-based proteomics reveals the thylakoid lumen proteome in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:177-195. [PMID: 33280076 PMCID: PMC7880944 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria possess unique intracellular organization. Many proteomic studies have examined different features of cyanobacteria to learn about the intracellular structures and their respective functions. While these studies have made great progress in understanding cyanobacterial physiology, the conventional fractionation methods used to purify cellular structures have limitations; specifically, certain regions of cells cannot be purified with existing fractionation methods. Proximity-based proteomics techniques were developed to overcome the limitations of biochemical fractionation for proteomics. Proximity-based proteomics relies on spatiotemporal protein labeling followed by mass spectrometry of the labeled proteins to determine the proteome of the region of interest. We performed proximity-based proteomics in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 with the APEX2 enzyme, an engineered ascorbate peroxidase. We determined the proteome of the thylakoid lumen, a region of the cell that has remained challenging to study with existing methods, using a translational fusion between APEX2 and PsbU, a lumenal subunit of photosystem II. Our results demonstrate the power of APEX2 as a tool to study the cell biology of intracellular features and processes, including photosystem II assembly in cyanobacteria, with enhanced spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey K Dahlgren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology Program (IQ Biology), BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Colin Gates
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Thomas Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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38
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Xu X, Ouyang M, Lu D, Zheng C, Zhang L. Protein Sorting within Chloroplasts. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:9-16. [PMID: 33121860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplasts have multiple suborganellar membranes. Correct and efficient translocation of chloroplast proteins from their site of synthesis into or across membranes to their functional compartments are fundamental processes. In recent years, several new components and regulatory mechanisms involved in chloroplast protein import and sorting have been explored. Moreover, the formation of liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) has been recently reported as a novel mechanism for regulating chloroplast protein sorting. Here, we overview the recent advances of both nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded protein trafficking to their final destination within chloroplasts, and discuss the novel components and regulatory mechanisms of intrachloroplast sorting. Furthermore, we propose that LLPT may be a universal and conserved mechanism for driving organelle protein trafficking and organelle biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Canhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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39
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Singh AP, Salvatori R, Aftab W, Kohler A, Carlström A, Forne I, Imhof A, Ott M. Molecular Connectivity of Mitochondrial Gene Expression and OXPHOS Biogenesis. Mol Cell 2020; 79:1051-1065.e10. [PMID: 32877643 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain their own gene expression systems, including membrane-bound ribosomes dedicated to synthesizing a few hydrophobic subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. We used a proximity-dependent biotinylation technique, BioID, coupled with mass spectrometry to delineate in baker's yeast a comprehensive network of factors involved in biogenesis of mitochondrial encoded proteins. This mitochondrial gene expression network (MiGENet) encompasses proteins involved in transcription, RNA processing, translation, or protein biogenesis. Our analyses indicate the spatial organization of these processes, thereby revealing basic mechanistic principles and the proteins populating strategically important sites. For example, newly synthesized proteins are directly handed over to ribosomal tunnel exit-bound factors that mediate membrane insertion, co-factor acquisition, or their mounting into OXPHOS complexes in a special early assembly hub. Collectively, the data reveal the connectivity of mitochondrial gene expression, reflecting a unique tailoring of the mitochondrial gene expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Prakash Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Salvatori
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wasim Aftab
- BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School for Quantitative Biosciences (QBM), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Carlström
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ignasi Forne
- BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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40
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Abstract
Photosynthetic membranes are typically densely packed with proteins, and this is crucial for their function in efficient trapping of light energy. Despite being crowded with protein, the membranes are fluid systems in which proteins and smaller molecules can diffuse. Fluidity is also crucial for photosynthetic function, as it is essential for biogenesis, electron transport, and protein redistribution for functional regulation. All photosynthetic membranes seem to maintain a delicate balance between crowding, order, and fluidity. How does this work in phototrophic bacteria? In this review, we focus on two types of intensively studied bacterial photosynthetic membranes: the chromatophore membranes of purple bacteria and the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria. Both systems are distinct from the plasma membrane, and both have a distinctive protein composition that reflects their specialized roles. Chromatophores are formed from plasma membrane invaginations, while thylakoid membranes appear to be an independent intracellular membrane system. We discuss the techniques that can be applied to study the organization and dynamics of these membrane systems, including electron microscopy techniques, atomic force microscopy, and many variants of fluorescence microscopy. We go on to discuss the insights that havebeen acquired from these techniques, and the role of membrane dynamics in the physiology of photosynthetic membranes. Membrane dynamics on multiple timescales are crucial for membrane function, from electron transport on timescales of microseconds to milliseconds to regulation and biogenesis on timescales of minutes to hours. We emphasize the open questions that remain in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad W. Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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41
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Mahbub M, Hemm L, Yang Y, Kaur R, Carmen H, Engl C, Huokko T, Riediger M, Watanabe S, Liu LN, Wilde A, Hess WR, Mullineaux CW. mRNA localization, reaction centre biogenesis and thylakoid membrane targeting in cyanobacteria. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1179-1191. [PMID: 32895528 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria form a complex intracellular membrane system with a distinctive proteome. The sites of biogenesis of thylakoid proteins remain uncertain, as do the signals that direct thylakoid membrane-integral proteins to the thylakoids rather than to the plasma membrane. Here, we address these questions by using fluorescence in situ hybridization to probe the subcellular location of messenger RNA molecules encoding core subunits of the photosystems in two cyanobacterial species. These mRNAs cluster at thylakoid surfaces mainly adjacent to the central cytoplasm and the nucleoid, in contrast to mRNAs encoding proteins with other locations. Ribosome association influences the distribution of the photosynthetic mRNAs on the thylakoid surface, but thylakoid affinity is retained in the absence of ribosome association. However, thylakoid association is disrupted in a mutant lacking two mRNA-binding proteins, which probably play roles in targeting photosynthetic proteins to the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moontaha Mahbub
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Luisa Hemm
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuxiao Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helder Carmen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Engl
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tuomas Huokko
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Satoru Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Annegret Wilde
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Hess
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Conrad W Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Light-induced psbA translation in plants is triggered by photosystem II damage via an assembly-linked autoregulatory circuit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21775-21784. [PMID: 32817480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007833117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The D1 reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII) is subject to light-induced damage. Degradation of damaged D1 and its replacement by nascent D1 are at the heart of a PSII repair cycle, without which photosynthesis is inhibited. In mature plant chloroplasts, light stimulates the recruitment of ribosomes specifically to psbA mRNA to provide nascent D1 for PSII repair and also triggers a global increase in translation elongation rate. The light-induced signals that initiate these responses are unclear. We present action spectrum and genetic data indicating that the light-induced recruitment of ribosomes to psbA mRNA is triggered by D1 photodamage, whereas the global stimulation of translation elongation is triggered by photosynthetic electron transport. Furthermore, mutants lacking HCF136, which mediates an early step in D1 assembly, exhibit constitutively high psbA ribosome occupancy in the dark and differ in this way from mutants lacking PSII for other reasons. These results, together with the recent elucidation of a thylakoid membrane complex that functions in PSII assembly, PSII repair, and psbA translation, suggest an autoregulatory mechanism in which the light-induced degradation of D1 relieves repressive interactions between D1 and translational activators in the complex. We suggest that the presence of D1 in this complex coordinates D1 synthesis with the need for nascent D1 during both PSII biogenesis and PSII repair in plant chloroplasts.
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43
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Shi Y, He Y, Lv X, Wei Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Li L, Wu JL. Chloroplast SRP54s are Essential for Chloroplast Development in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:54. [PMID: 32761436 PMCID: PMC7410889 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 (cpSRP54) is known for targeting the light-harvesting complex proteins to thylakoids and plays a critical role for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis, but little is known in rice. Here, we reported two homologous cpSRP54s that affect chloroplast development and plant survival in rice. RESULTS Two rice cpSRP54 homologues, OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b, were identified in present study. The defective OscpSRP54a (LOC_Os11g05552) was responsible for the pale green leaf phenotype of the viable pale green leaf 14 (pgl14) mutant. A single nucleotide substitution from G to A at the position 278, the first intron splicing site, was detected in LOC_Os11g05552 in pgl14. The wild type allele could rescue the mutant phenotype. Knockout lines of OscpSRP54b (LOC_Os11g05556) exhibited similar pale green phenotype to pgl14 with reduced chlorophyll contents and impaired chloroplast development, but showed apparently arrested-growth and died within 3 weeks. Both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were constitutively expressed mainly in shoots and leaves at the vegetative growth stage. Subcellular location indicated that both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were chloroplast-localized. Both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were able to interact with OscpSRP43, respectively. The transcript level of OscpSRP43 was significantly reduced while the transcript level of OscpSRP54b was apparently increased in pgl14. In contrast, the transcript levels of OscpSRP54a, OscpSRP43 and OscpSRP54b were all significantly decreased in OscpSRP54b knockout lines. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were essential for normal chloroplast development by interacting with OscpSRP43 in rice. OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b might play distinct roles in transporting different chloroplast proteins into thylakoids through cpSRP-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xiangguang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yanlin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Liangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jian-li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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Koskela MM, Skotnicová P, Kiss É, Sobotka R. Purification of Protein-complexes from the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Using FLAG-affinity Chromatography. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3616. [PMID: 33659289 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the structure and function of protein complexes requires their isolation in the native state-a task that is made challenging when studying labile and/or low abundant complexes. The difficulties in preparing membrane-protein complexes are especially notorious. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a widely used model organism for the physiology of oxygenic phototrophs, and the biogenesis of membrane-bound photosynthetic complexes has traditionally been studied using this cyanobacterium. In a typical approach, the protein complexes are purified with a combination of His-affinity chromatography and a size-based fractionation method such as gradient ultracentrifugation and/or native electrophoresis. However, His-affinity purification harbors prominent contaminants and the levels of many proteins are too low for a feasible multi-step purification. Here, we have developed a purification method for the isolation of 3x FLAG-tagged proteins from the membrane and soluble fractions of Synechocystis. Soluble proteins or solubilized thylakoids are subjected to a single affinity purification step that utilizes the highly specific binding of FLAG-affinity resin. After an intensive wash, the captured proteins are released from the resin under native conditions using an excess of synthetic 3x FLAG peptide. The protocol allows fast isolation of low abundant protein complexes with a superb purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna M Koskela
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Skotnicová
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Éva Kiss
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Modified tetrapyrroles are large macrocyclic compounds, consisting of diverse conjugation and metal chelation systems and imparting an array of colors to the biological structures that contain them. Tetrapyrroles represent some of the most complex small molecules synthesized by cells and are involved in many essential processes that are fundamental to life on Earth, including photosynthesis, respiration, and catalysis. These molecules are all derived from a common template through a series of enzyme-mediated transformations that alter the oxidation state of the macrocycle and also modify its size, its side-chain composition, and the nature of the centrally chelated metal ion. The different modified tetrapyrroles include chlorophylls, hemes, siroheme, corrins (including vitamin B12), coenzyme F430, heme d1, and bilins. After nearly a century of study, almost all of the more than 90 different enzymes that synthesize this family of compounds are now known, and expression of reconstructed operons in heterologous hosts has confirmed that most pathways are complete. Aside from the highly diverse nature of the chemical reactions catalyzed, an interesting aspect of comparative biochemistry is to see how different enzymes and even entire pathways have evolved to perform alternative chemical reactions to produce the same end products in the presence and absence of oxygen. Although there is still much to learn, our current understanding of tetrapyrrole biogenesis represents a remarkable biochemical milestone that is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
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46
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Hey D, Grimm B. ONE-HELIX PROTEIN1 and 2 Form Heterodimers to Bind Chlorophyll in Photosystem II Biogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:179-193. [PMID: 32071152 PMCID: PMC7210652 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the light-harvesting complex protein family participate in multiple processes connected with light sensing, light absorption, and pigment binding within the thylakoid membrane. Amino acid residues of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins involved in pigment binding have been precisely identified through x-ray crystallography experiments. In vitro pigment-binding studies have been performed with LIGHT-HARVESTING-LIKE3 proteins, and the pigment-binding ability of cyanobacterial high-light-inducible proteins has been studied in detail. However, analysis of pigment binding by plant high-light-inducible protein homologs, called ONE-HELIX PROTEINS (OHPs), is lacking. Here, we report on successful in vitro reconstitution of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) OHPs with chlorophylls and carotenoids and show that pigment binding depends on the formation of OHP1/OHP2 heterodimers. Pigment-binding capacity was completely lost in each of the OHPs when residues of the light-harvesting complex chlorophyll-binding motif required for chlorophyll binding were mutated. Moreover, the mutated OHP variants failed to rescue the respective knockout (T-DNA insertion) mutants, indicating that pigment-binding ability is essential for OHP function in vivo. The scaffold protein HIGH CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE244 (HCF244) is tethered to the thylakoid membrane by the OHP heterodimer. We show that HCF244 stability depends on OHP heterodimer formation and introduce the concept of a functional unit consisting of OHP1, OHP2, and HCF244, in which each protein requires the others. Because of their pigment-binding capacity, we suggest that OHPs function in the delivery of pigments to the D1 subunit of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hey
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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47
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Exploring the Link between Photosystem II Assembly and Translation of the Chloroplast psbA mRNA. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020152. [PMID: 31991763 PMCID: PMC7076361 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contains approximately fifteen core proteins, which organize numerous pigments and prosthetic groups that mediate the light-driven water-splitting activity that drives oxygenic photosynthesis. The PSII reaction center protein D1 is subject to photodamage, whose repair requires degradation of damaged D1 and its replacement with nascent D1. Mechanisms that couple D1 synthesis with PSII assembly and repair are poorly understood. We address this question by using ribosome profiling to analyze the translation of chloroplast mRNAs in maize and Arabidopsis mutants with defects in PSII assembly. We found that OHP1, OHP2, and HCF244, which comprise a recently elucidated complex involved in PSII assembly and repair, are each required for the recruitment of ribosomes to psbA mRNA, which encodes D1. By contrast, HCF136, which acts upstream of the OHP1/OHP2/HCF244 complex during PSII assembly, does not have this effect. The fact that the OHP1/OHP2/HCF244 complex brings D1 into proximity with three proteins with dual roles in PSII assembly and psbA ribosome recruitment suggests that this complex is the hub of a translational autoregulatory mechanism that coordinates D1 synthesis with need for nascent D1 during PSII biogenesis and repair.
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48
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Sun Y, Valente-Paterno M, Bakhtiari S, Law C, Zhan Y, Zerges W. Photosystem Biogenesis Is Localized to the Translation Zone in the Chloroplast of Chlamydomonas. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:3057-3072. [PMID: 31591163 PMCID: PMC6925001 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular processes can be localized for efficiency or regulation. For example, localized mRNA translation by chloroplastic ribosomes occurs in the biogenesis of PSII, one of the two photosystems of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in the chloroplasts of plants and algae. The biogenesis of PSI and PSII requires the synthesis and assembly of their constituent polypeptide subunits, pigments, and cofactors. Although these biosynthetic pathways are well characterized, less is known about when and where they occur in developing chloroplasts. Here, we used fluorescence microscopy in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to reveal spatiotemporal organization in photosystem biogenesis. We focused on translation by chloroplastic ribosomes and chlorophyll biosynthesis in two developmental contexts of active photosystem biogenesis: (1) growth of the mature chloroplast and (2) greening of a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast. The results reveal that a translation zone is the primary location of the biogenesis of PSI and PSII. This discretely localized region within the chloroplast contrasts with the distributions of photosystems throughout this organelle and, therefore, is likely a hub where anabolic pathways converge for photosystem biogenesis.plantcell;31/12/3057/FX1F1fx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Biology and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Melissa Valente-Paterno
- Department of Biology and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Shiva Bakhtiari
- Department of Biology and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Christopher Law
- Centre for Microscopy and Cellular Imaging, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Biology and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - William Zerges
- Department of Biology and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Universal Molecular Triggers of Stress Responses in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:life9030067. [PMID: 31434306 PMCID: PMC6789579 DOI: 10.3390/life9030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic analysis of stress-induced transcription in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 identifies a number of genes as being induced in response to most abiotic stressors (heat, osmotic, saline, acid stress, strong light, and ultraviolet radiation). Genes for heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are activated by all these stresses and form a group that universally responds to all environmental changes. The functions of universal triggers of stress responses in cyanobacteria can be performed by reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular H2O2, as well as changes in the redox potential of the components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The double mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (katG/tpx, or sll1987/sll0755), which is defective in antioxidant enzymes catalase (KatG) and thioredoxin peroxidase (Tpx), cannot grow in the presence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); and it is extremely sensitive to low concentrations of H2O2, especially under conditions of cold stress. Experiments on this mutant demonstrate that H2O2 is involved in regulation of gene expression that responds to a decrease in ambient temperature, and affects both the perception and the signal transduction of cold stress. In addition, they suggest that formation of ROS largely depends on the physical state of the membranes such as fluidity or viscosity. In cyanobacteria, an increase in membrane turnover leads to a decrease in the formation of ROS and an increase in resistance to cold stress. Therefore: (1) H2O2 is the universal trigger of stress responses in cyanobacterial cells; (2) ROS formation (in particular, H2O2) depends on the physical properties of both cytoplasmic and thylakoid membranes; (3) The destructive effect of H2O2 is reduced by increasing of fluidity of biological membranes.
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50
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Knoppová J, Komenda J. Sequential deletions of photosystem II assembly factors Ycf48, Ycf39 and Pam68 result in progressive loss of autotrophy in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:683-689. [PMID: 31359262 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of the cyanobacterial photosystem II (PSII) complex requires a number of auxiliary assembly factors that improve efficiency of the process but their precise function is not well understood. To assess a possible synergic action of the Ycf48 and Ycf39 factors acting in early steps of the biogenesis via interaction with the nascent D1 subunit of PSII, we constructed and characterised a double mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 lacking both these proteins. In addition, we also deleted the ycf39 gene in the double mutant lacking Ycf48 and Pam68, the latter being a ribosomal factor promoting insertion of chlorophyll (Chl) into the CP47 subunit of PSII. The resulting double ΔYcf48/ΔYcf39 and triple ΔYcf48/ΔPam68/ΔYcf39 mutants were deficient in PSII and total Chl, and in contrast to the source mutants, they lost the capacity for autotrophy. Interestingly, autotrophic growth was restored in both of the new multiple mutants by enhancing Chl biosynthesis using a specific ferrochelatase inhibitor. Taking together with the weak radioactive labelling of the D1 protein, these findings can be explained by inhibition of the D1 synthesis caused by the lack and/or incorrect binding of Chl molecules. The results emphasise the key importance of the sufficient Chl supply for the PSII biogenesis and also support the existence of a so far enigmatic regulatory mechanism leading to the reduced overall Chl biosynthesis/accumulation when the PSII assembly is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Knoppová
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Komenda
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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