1
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Ghosh S, Mellado Sanchez M, Sue-Ob K, Roy D, Jones A, Blazquez MA, Sadanandom A. Charting the evolutionary path of the SUMO modification system in plants reveals molecular hardwiring of development to stress adaptation. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3131-3144. [PMID: 38923935 PMCID: PMC11371177 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
SUMO modification is part of the spectrum of Ubiquitin-like (UBL) systems that give rise to proteoform complexity through post-translational modifications (PTMs). Proteoforms are essential modifiers of cell signaling for plant adaptation to changing environments. Exploration of the evolutionary emergence of Ubiquitin-like (UBL) systems unveils their origin from prokaryotes, where it is linked to the mechanisms that enable sulfur uptake into biomolecules. We explore the emergence of the SUMO machinery across the plant lineage from single-cell to land plants. We reveal the evolutionary point at which plants acquired the ability to form SUMO chains through the emergence of SUMO E4 ligases, hinting at its role in facilitating multicellularity. Additionally, we explore the possible mechanism for the neofunctionalization of SUMO proteases through the fusion of conserved catalytic domains with divergent sequences. We highlight the pivotal role of SUMO proteases in plant development and adaptation, offering new insights into target specificity mechanisms of SUMO modification during plant evolution. Correlating the emergence of adaptive traits in the plant lineage with established experimental evidence for SUMO in developmental processes, we propose that SUMO modification has evolved to link developmental processes to adaptive functions in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srayan Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Kawinnat Sue-Ob
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Dipan Roy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Miguel A Blazquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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2
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Ai D, Zhao L, You CX, Han Y, An JP. Apple SINA11-JAZ2 module is involved in jasmonate signaling response. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1270-1273. [PMID: 38888226 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase MdSINA11 targets the jasmonate ZIM domain protein MdJAZ2 for ubiquitination and degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway, thereby initiating jasmonate signaling and jasmonic acid-triggered anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
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3
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Xu X, Hu J, Yuan Z. Stabilization or degradation? Post-translational modifications of JAZ proteins in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:1002-1004. [PMID: 38902922 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Yang Z, Du J, Tan X, Zhang H, Li L, Li Y, Wei Z, Xu Z, Lu Y, Chen J, Sun Z. Histone deacetylase OsHDA706 orchestrates rice broad-spectrum antiviral immunity and is impeded by a viral effector. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113838. [PMID: 38386554 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a dynamic post-translational modification of proteins. Extensive studies have revealed that the acetylation modulated by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) plays a crucial role in regulating protein function. However, there has been limited focus on how HDACs regulate jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in plants. Here, we uncover that the protein stability of OsLOX14, a critical enzyme involved in JA biosynthesis, is regulated by a histone deacetylase, OsHDA706, and is hindered by a viral protein. Our results show that OsHDA706 deacetylates OsLOX14 and enhances the stability of OsLOX14, leading to JA accumulation and an improved broad-spectrum rice antiviral defense. Furthermore, we found that the viral protein P2, encoded by the destructive rice stripe virus, disrupts the association of OsHDA706-OsLOX14, promoting viral infection. Overall, our findings reveal how HDAC manipulates the interplay of deacetylation and protein stability of a JA biosynthetic enzyme to enhance plant antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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5
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Han X, Kui M, He K, Yang M, Du J, Jiang Y, Hu Y. Jasmonate-regulated root growth inhibition and root hair elongation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:1176-1185. [PMID: 36346644 PMCID: PMC9923215 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonate is an essential endogenous signal in the regulation of multiple plant processes for environmental adaptation, such as primary root growth inhibition and root hair elongation. Perception of environmental stresses promotes the accumulation of jasmonate, which is sensed by the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)-JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) co-receptor, triggering the degradation of JAZ repressors and induction of transcriptional reprogramming. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) subgroup IIIe transcription factors MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 are the most extensively characterized JAZ-binding factors and together stimulate jasmonate-signaled primary root growth inhibition. Conversely, the bHLH subgroup IIId transcription factors (i.e. bHLH3 and bHLH17) physically associate with JAZ proteins and suppress jasmonate-induced root growth inhibition. For root hair development, JAZ proteins interact with and inhibit ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6) and RHD6 LIKE1 (RSL1) transcription factors to modulate jasmonate-enhanced root hair elongation. Moreover, jasmonate also interacts with other signaling pathways (such as ethylene and auxin) to regulate primary root growth and/or root hair elongation. Here, we review recent progress into jasmonate-mediated primary root growth and root hair development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Mengyi Kui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunrong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Milian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiancan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yanjuan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
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6
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Yi R, Shan X. Post-translational modifications: emerging regulators manipulating jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:215-222. [PMID: 36436084 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) is one of the key phytohormones essential for plant development and defense processes. The core JA biosynthetic and signaling pathways have been well-characterized. Notably, post-translational modifications (PTMs), which affect the protein structures and functions, have emerged as critical mechanisms to modulate JA output at different spatiotemporal levels. Disruption of PTMs in JA biosynthesis and signaling would cause the dysfunction of vital biological processes. Here, we give an overview of the PTMs that have been identified in JA biosynthetic and signaling pathways, and provide insights into the mechanisms by which PTMs define JA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yi
- College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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7
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SUMO/deSUMOylation of the BRI1 brassinosteroid receptor modulates plant growth responses to temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217255120. [PMID: 36652487 PMCID: PMC9942830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217255120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid molecules perceived at the cell surface that act as plant hormones. The BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) offers a model to understand receptor-mediated signaling in plants and the role of post-translational modifications. Here we identify SUMOylation as a new modification targeting BRI1 to regulate its activity. BRI1 is SUMOylated in planta on two lysine residues, and the levels of BRI1 SUMO conjugates are controlled by the Desi3a SUMO protease. Loss of Desi3a leads to hypersensitivity to BRs, indicating that Desi3a acts as a negative regulator of BR signaling. Besides, we demonstrate that BRI1 is deSUMOylated at elevated temperature by Desi3a, leading to increased BRI1 interaction with the negative regulator of BR signaling BIK1 and to enhanced BRI1 endocytosis. Loss of Desi3a or BIK1 results in increased response to temperature elevation, indicating that BRI1 deSUMOylation acts as a safety mechanism necessary to keep temperature responses in check. Altogether, our work establishes BRI1 deSUMOylation as a molecular crosstalk mechanism between temperature and BR signaling, allowing plants to translate environmental inputs into growth response.
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8
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Bhagat PK, Roy D, Sadanandom A. Expression, Purification, and Enzymatic Analysis of Plant SUMO Proteases. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2581:109-119. [PMID: 36413314 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2784-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of SUMO can profoundly change the behavior of substrate proteins, impacting a wide variety of cellular responses. SUMO proteases are emerging as key regulators of plant adaptation to its environment because of their instrumental role in the SUMO deconjugation process. Here we describe how to express, purify, and determine SUMO deconjugation activity of a plant SUMO protease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipan Roy
- Department of BioSciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of BioSciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK.
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Liao CJ, Hailemariam S, Sharon A, Mengiste T. Pathogenic strategies and immune mechanisms to necrotrophs: Differences and similarities to biotrophs and hemibiotrophs. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102291. [PMID: 36063637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis in plant diseases is complex comprising diverse pathogen virulence and plant immune mechanisms. These pathogens cause damaging plant diseases by deploying specialized and generic virulence strategies that are countered by intricate resistance mechanisms. The significant challenges that necrotrophs pose to crop production are predicted to increase with climate change. Immunity to biotrophs and hemibiotrophs is dominated by intracellular receptors that recognize specific effectors and activate resistance. These mechanisms play only minor roles in resistance to necrotrophs. Pathogen- or host-derived conserved pattern molecules trigger immune responses that broadly contribute to plant immunity. However, certain pathogen or host-derived immune elicitors are enriched by the virulence activities of necrotrophs. Different plant hormones modulate systemic resistance and cell death that have differential impacts on resistance to pathogens of different lifestyles. Knowledge of mechanisms that contribute to resistance to necrotrophs has expanded. Besides toxins and cell wall degrading enzymes that dominate the pathogenesis of necrotrophs, other effectors with subtle contributions are being identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jan Liao
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sara Hailemariam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amir Sharon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Wang Y, Li N, Zhan J, Wang X, Zhou XR, Shi J, Wang H. Genome-wide analysis of the JAZ subfamily of transcription factors and functional verification of BnC08.JAZ1-1 in Brassica napus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:93. [PMID: 36096884 PMCID: PMC9469596 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND JAZ subfamily plays crucial roles in growth and development, stress, and hormone responses in various plant species. Despite its importance, the structural and functional analyses of the JAZ subfamily in Brassica napus are still limited. RESULTS Comparing to the existence of 12 JAZ genes (AtJAZ1-AtJAZ12) in Arabidopsis, there are 28, 31, and 56 JAZ orthologues in the reference genome of B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. napus, respectively, in accordance with the proven triplication events during the evolution of Brassicaceae. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 127 JAZ proteins from A. thaliana, B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. napus could fall into five groups. The structure analysis of all 127 JAZs showed that these proteins have the common motifs of TIFY and Jas, indicating their conservation in Brassicaceae species. In addition, the cis-element analysis showed that the main motif types are related to phytohormones, biotic and abiotic stresses. The qRT-PCR of the representative 11 JAZ genes in B. napus demonstrated that different groups of BnJAZ individuals have distinct patterns of expression under normal conditions or treatments with distinctive abiotic stresses and phytohormones. Especially, the expression of BnJAZ52 (BnC08.JAZ1-1) was significantly repressed by abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and NaCl treatments, while induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), cold and waterlogging. Expression pattern analysis showed that BnC08.JAZ1-1 was mainly expressed in the vascular bundle and young flower including petal, pistil, stamen, and developing ovule, but not in the stem, leaf, and mature silique and seed. Subcellular localization showed that the protein was localized in the nucleus, in line with its orthologues in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of BnC08.JAZ1-1 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced seed weight, likely through regulating the expression of the downstream response genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and phospholipid metabolism pathway. CONCLUSIONS The systematic identification, phylogenetic, syntenic, and expression analyses of BnJAZs subfamily improve our understanding of their roles in responses to stress and phytohormone in B. napus. In addition, the preliminary functional validation of BnC08.JAZ1-1 in Arabidopsis demonstrated that this subfamily might also play a role in regulating seed weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Li
- grid.464499.2The Laboratory of Melon Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province China
| | - Jiepeng Zhan
- grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China ,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture &Food, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Jiaqin Shi
- grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China ,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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11
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Stroud EA, Jayaraman J, Templeton MD, Rikkerink EHA. Comparison of the pathway structures influencing the temporal response of salicylate and jasmonate defence hormones in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952301. [PMID: 36160984 PMCID: PMC9504473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Defence phytohormone pathways evolved to recognize and counter multiple stressors within the environment. Salicylic acid responsive pathways regulate the defence response to biotrophic pathogens whilst responses to necrotrophic pathogens, herbivory, and wounding are regulated via jasmonic acid pathways. Despite their contrasting roles in planta, the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid defence networks share a common architecture, progressing from stages of biosynthesis, to modification, regulation, and response. The unique structure, components, and regulation of each stage of the defence networks likely contributes, in part, to the speed, establishment, and longevity of the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in response to hormone treatment and various biotic stressors. Recent advancements in the understanding of the Arabidopsis thaliana salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways are reviewed here, with a focus on how the structure of the pathways may be influencing the temporal regulation of the defence responses, and how biotic stressors and the many roles of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in planta may have shaped the evolution of the signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Stroud
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jay Jayaraman
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Matthew D. Templeton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Erik H. A. Rikkerink
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Srivastava M, Srivastava AK, Roy D, Mansi M, Gough C, Bhagat PK, Zhang C, Sadanandom A. The conjugation of SUMO to the transcription factor MYC2 functions in blue light-mediated seedling development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2892-2906. [PMID: 35567527 PMCID: PMC9338799 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A key function of photoreceptor signaling is the coordinated regulation of a large number of genes to optimize plant growth and development. The basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor MYC2 is crucial for regulating gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana during development in blue light. Here we demonstrate that blue light induces the SUMOylation of MYC2. Non-SUMOylatable MYC2 is less effective in suppressing blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis than wild-type (WT) MYC2. MYC2 interacts physically with the SUMO proteases SUMO PROTEASE RELATED TO FERTILITY1 (SPF1) and SPF2. Blue light exposure promotes the degradation of SPF1 and SPF2 and enhances the SUMOylation of MYC2. Phenotypic analysis revealed that SPF1/SPF2 function redundantly as positive regulators of blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis. Our data demonstrate that SUMO conjugation does not affect the dimerization of MYC transcription factors but modulates the interaction of MYC2 with its cognate DNA cis-element and with the ubiquitin ligase Plant U-box 10 (PUB10). Finally, we show that non-SUMOylatable MYC2 is less stable and interacts more strongly with PUB10 than the WT. Taken together, we conclude that SUMO functions as a counterpoint to the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of MYC2, thereby enhancing its function in blue light signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dipan Roy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mansi Mansi
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Catherine Gough
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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13
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Byrne MB, Thapa G, Doohan FIM, Burke JI. Lactic Acid Bacteria as Potential Biocontrol Agents for Fusarium Head Blight Disease of Spring Barley. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912632. [PMID: 35935224 PMCID: PMC9355582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease encountered by spring-grown barley. Traditionally, synthetic chemicals have been used to control this disease on small grain cereals. A move toward biological control agents as part of sustainable agriculture is pertinent due to the evolutionary mechanisms employed by fungal diseases to circumvent current protection strategies. This study evaluated the effect of six lactic acid bacteria isolates on the development of FHB under in vitro and glasshouse conditions. The relative expression of Fusarium marker genes and transcription factors under Fusarium infection was examined. Dual-culture assays observed inhibition zones of up to 10 and 17% of total plate area for L. amylovorus FST 2.11 and L. brevis R2Δ, respectively. Detached leaf assays validated the antifungal activity and showed the potential of all test isolates to significantly inhibit sporulation of Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum strains. Spray inoculation of lactic acid bacteria to barley spikelets prior to Fusarium spore application significantly reduced disease severity for five candidates (P < 0.05) under glasshouse conditions. Mycotoxin analysis revealed the ability of L. amylovorus DSM20552 to significantly reduce deoxynivalenol content in spikelets (P < 0.05). A preliminary gene expression study showed the positive influence of lactic acid bacteria on the expression of important defense-related marker genes and transcription factors upon FHB. These results indicate the potential of lactic acid bacteria to be included as part of an integrated pest management strategy for the management of FHB disease. This strategy will reduce FHB severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of spring barley, leading to high acceptance in the grain market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal B. Byrne
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ganesh Thapa
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - FIona M. Doohan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James I. Burke
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Smalley S, Hellmann H. Review: Exploring possible approaches using ubiquitylation and sumoylation pathways in modifying plant stress tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111275. [PMID: 35487671 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and similar proteins, such as SUMO, are utilized by plants to modify target proteins to rapidly change their stability and activity in cells. This review will provide an overview of these crucial protein interactions with a focus on ubiquitylation and sumoylation in plants and how they contribute to stress tolerance. The work will also explore possibilities to use these highly conserved pathways for novel approaches to generate more robust crop plants better fit to cope with abiotic and biotic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Smalley
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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15
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Wang L, Liu H, Yin Z, Li Y, Lu C, Wang Q, Ding X. A Novel Guanine Elicitor Stimulates Immunity in Arabidopsis and Rice by Ethylene and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841228. [PMID: 35251109 PMCID: PMC8893958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive diseases in rice. Fungicides are widely used to control ShB in agriculture. However, decades of excessive traditional fungicide use have led to environmental pollution and increased pathogen resistance. Generally, plant elicitors are regarded as environmentally friendly biological pesticides that enhance plant disease resistance by triggering plant immunity. Previously, we identified that the plant immune inducer ZhiNengCong (ZNC), a crude extract of the endophyte, has high activity and a strong ability to protect plants against pathogens. Here, we further found that guanine, which had a significant effect on inducing plant resistance to pathogens, might be an active component of ZNC. In our study, guanine activated bursts of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Moreover, guanine-induced plant resistance to pathogens depends on ethylene and jasmonic acid but is independent of the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Most importantly, guanine functions as a new plant elicitor with broad-spectrum resistance to activate plant immunity, providing an efficient and environmentally friendly biological elicitor for bacterial and fungal disease biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Haoqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tai’an, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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16
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Srivastava M, Verma V, Srivastava AK. The converging path of protein SUMOylation in phytohormone signalling: highlights and new frontiers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2047-2061. [PMID: 34129078 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intersection of phytohormone signalling pathways with SUMOylation, a key post-translational modification, offers an additional layer of control to the phytohormone signalling for sophisticated regulation of plant development. Plants live in a constantly changing environment that are often challenging for the growth and development of plants. Phytohormones play a critical role in modulating molecular-level changes for enabling plants to resist climatic aberrations. The orchestration of such effective molecular responses entails rapid regulation of phytohormone signalling at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Post-translational modifications have emerged as a key player in modulating hormonal pathways. The current review lays emphasis on the role of SUMOylation, a key post-translational modification, in manipulating individual hormone signalling pathways for better plant adaptability. Here, we discuss the recent advancement in the field and highlights how SUMO targets key signalling intermediates including transcription factors to provide a quick response to different biotic or abiotic stresses, sometimes even prior to changes in hormone levels. The understanding of the convergence of SUMOylation and hormonal pathways will offer an additional layer of control to the phytohormone signalling for an intricate and sophisticated regulation of plant development and can be utilised as a tool to generate climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
| | - Anjil Kumar Srivastava
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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17
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Yau TY, Sander W, Eidson C, Courey AJ. SUMO Interacting Motifs: Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112825. [PMID: 34831049 PMCID: PMC8616421 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a member of the ubiquitin-related protein family. SUMO modulates protein function through covalent conjugation to lysine residues in a large number of proteins. Once covalently conjugated to a protein, SUMO often regulates that protein’s function by recruiting other cellular proteins. Recruitment frequently involves a non-covalent interaction between SUMO and a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) in the interacting protein. SIMs generally consist of a four-residue-long hydrophobic stretch of amino acids with aliphatic non-polar side chains flanked on one side by negatively charged amino acid residues. The SIM assumes an extended β-strand-like conformation and binds to a conserved hydrophobic groove in SUMO. In addition to hydrophobic interactions between the SIM non-polar core and hydrophobic residues in the groove, the negatively charged residues in the SIM make favorable electrostatic contacts with positively charged residues in and around the groove. The SIM/SUMO interaction can be regulated by the phosphorylation of residues adjacent to the SIM hydrophobic core, which provide additional negative charges for favorable electrostatic interaction with SUMO. The SUMO interactome consists of hundreds or perhaps thousands of SIM-containing proteins, but we do not fully understand how each SUMOylated protein selects the set of SIM-containing proteins appropriate to its function. SIM/SUMO interactions have critical functions in a large number of essential cellular processes including the formation of membraneless organelles by liquid–liquid phase separation, epigenetic regulation of transcription through histone modification, DNA repair, and a variety of host–pathogen interactions.
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18
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Ingole KD, Kasera M, van den Burg HA, Bhattacharjee S. Antagonism between SUMO1/2 and SUMO3 regulates SUMO conjugate levels and fine-tunes immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6640-6658. [PMID: 34145454 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) to target proteins regulates a plethora of cellular processes across eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants with abnormal SUMO1/2 conjugate levels display a dwarf stature, autoimmunity, and altered stress responses to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SUMO pathway is known to autoregulate its biochemical activity (via allosteric interactions), we assessed whether the emergence of additional SUMO paralogs in Arabidopsis has introduced the capacity of self-regulation by means of isoform diversification in this model plant. By studying the plant defense responses elicited by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, we provide genetic evidence that SUM3, a divergent paralog, acts downstream of the two main SUMO paralogues, SUM1/2. The expression of SUM3 apparently buffers or suppresses the function of SUM1/2 by controlling the timing and amplitude of the immune response. Moreover, SUM1 and SUM2 work additively to suppress both basal and TNL-specific immunity, a specific branch of the immune network. Finally, our data reveal that SUM3 is required for the global increase in SUMO1/2 conjugates upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses, namely heat and pathogen exposure. We cannot exclude that this latter effect is independent of the role of SUM3 in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor D Ingole
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar-751 024, Odisha, India
| | - Mritunjay Kasera
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
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19
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Sharma M, Fuertes D, Perez-Gil J, Lois LM. SUMOylation in Phytopathogen Interactions: Balancing Invasion and Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703795. [PMID: 34485289 PMCID: PMC8415633 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly confronted by a multitude of biotic stresses involving a myriad of pathogens. In crops, pathogen infections result in significant agronomical losses worldwide posing a threat to food security. In order to enter plant tissues and establish a successful infection, phytopathogens have to surpass several physical, and chemical defense barriers. In recent years, post-translational modification (PTM) mechanisms have emerged as key players in plant defense against pathogens. PTMs allow a highly dynamic and rapid response in front of external challenges, increasing the complexity and precision of cellular responses. In this review, we focus on the role of SUMO conjugation (SUMOylation) in plant immunity against fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In plants, SUMO regulates multiple biological processes, ranging from development to responses arising from environmental challenges. During pathogen attack, SUMO not only modulates the activity of plant defense components, but also serves as a target of pathogen effectors, highlighting its broad role in plant immunity. Here, we summarize known pathogenic strategies targeting plant SUMOylation and, the plant SUMO conjugates involved in host-pathogen interactions. We also provide a catalog of candidate SUMO conjugates according to their role in defense responses. Finally, we discuss the complex role of SUMO in plant defense, focusing on key biological and experimental aspects that contribute to some controversial conclusions, and the opportunities for improving agricultural productivity by engineering SUMOylation in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.,Biosciences, College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Fuertes
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Perez-Gil
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Maria Lois
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Han D, Lai J, Yang C. SUMOylation: A critical transcription modulator in plant cells. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110987. [PMID: 34315601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene transcription is critical for various cellular processes and is precisely controlled at multiple levels, and posttranslational modification (PTM) is a fast and powerful way to regulate transcription factors (TFs). SUMOylation, which conjugates small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) molecules to protein substrates, is a crucial PTM that modulates the activity, stability, subcellular localization, and partner interactions of TFs in plant cells. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of SUMOylation in the regulation of transcription in plant development and stress responses. We also discuss the crosstalk between SUMOylation and other PTMs, as well as the potential functions of SUMOylation in the regulation of transcription-associated complexes on plant chromatin. This summary and perspective will improve understanding of the molecular mechanism of PTMs in plant transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Du F, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zheng T, Li Z, Xu J, Wang W, Fu B. Molecular Dissection of the Gene OsGA2ox8 Conferring Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179107. [PMID: 34502018 PMCID: PMC8430958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox) plays an important role in the GA catabolic pathway and the molecular function of the OsGA2ox genes in plant abiotic stress tolerance remains largely unknown. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice gibberellin 2-oxidase 8 (OsGA2ox8) gene. The OsGA2ox8 protein was localized in the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm, and was induced in response to various abiotic stresses and phytohormones. The overexpression of OsGA2ox8 significantly enhanced the osmotic stress tolerance of transgenic rice plants by increasing the number of osmotic regulators and antioxidants. OsGA2ox8 was differentially expressed in the shoots and roots to cope with osmotic stress. The plants overexpressing OsGA2ox8 showed reduced lengths of shoots and roots at the seedling stage, but no difference in plant height at the heading stage was observed, which may be due to the interaction of OsGA2ox8 and OsGA20ox1, implying a complex feedback regulation between GA biosynthesis and metabolism in rice. Importantly, OsGA2ox8 was able to indirectly regulate several genes associated with the anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and the jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway, and overexpression of OsGA2ox8 activated JA signal transduction by inhibiting the expression of jasmonate ZIM domain-containing proteins. These results provide a basis for a future understanding of the networks and respective phenotypic effects associated with OsGA2ox8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiao Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengping Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yingbo Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Tianqing Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-10-82106698 (W.W. & B.F.); Fax: +86-10-68918559 (W.W. & B.F.)
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-10-82106698 (W.W. & B.F.); Fax: +86-10-68918559 (W.W. & B.F.)
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22
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SUMO enables substrate selectivity by mitogen-activated protein kinases to regulate immunity in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021351118. [PMID: 33649235 PMCID: PMC7958252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021351118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The versatility of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in translating exogenous and endogenous stimuli into appropriate cellular responses depends on its substrate specificity. In animals, several mechanisms have been proposed about how MAPKs maintain specificity to regulate distinct functional pathways. However, little is known of mechanisms that enable substrate selectivity in plant MAPKs. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), a posttranslational modification system, plays an important role in plant development and defense by rapid reprogramming of cellular events. In this study we identified a functional SUMO interaction motif (SIM) in Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 that reveals a mechanism for selective interaction of MPK3/6 with SUMO-conjugated WRKY33, during defense. We show that WRKY33 is rapidly SUMOylated in response to Botrytis cinerea infection and flg22 elicitor treatment. SUMOylation mediates WRKY33 phosphorylation by MPKs and consequent transcription factor activity. Disruption of either WRKY33 SUMO or MPK3/6 SIM sites attenuates their interaction and inactivates WRKY33-mediated defense. However, MPK3/6 SIM mutants show normal interaction with a non-SUMOylated form of another transcription factor, SPEECHLESS, unraveling a role for SUMOylation in differential substrate selectivity by MPKs. We reveal that the SUMO proteases, SUMO PROTEASE RELATED TO FERTILITY1 (SPF1) and SPF2 control WRKY33 SUMOylation and demonstrate a role for these SUMO proteases in defense. Our data reveal a mechanism by which MPK3/6 prioritize molecular pathways by differentially selecting substrates using the SUMO-SIM module during defense responses.
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23
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Gough C, Sadanandom A. Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1122. [PMID: 34439788 PMCID: PMC8392720 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecular interactions to produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs in growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
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24
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Lessons from Comparison of Hypoxia Signaling in Plants and Mammals. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050993. [PMID: 34067566 PMCID: PMC8157222 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important stress for organisms, including plants and mammals. In plants, hypoxia can be the consequence of flooding and causes important crop losses worldwide. In mammals, hypoxia stress may be the result of pathological conditions. Understanding the regulation of responses to hypoxia offers insights into novel approaches for crop improvement, particularly for the development of flooding-tolerant crops and for producing better therapeutics for hypoxia-related diseases such as inflammation and cancer. Despite their evolutionary distance, plants and mammals deploy strikingly similar mechanisms to sense and respond to the different aspects of hypoxia-related stress, including low oxygen levels and the resulting energy crisis, nutrient depletion, and oxidative stress. Over the last two decades, the ubiquitin/proteasome system and the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO have been identified as key regulators that act in concert to regulate core aspects of responses to hypoxia in plants and mammals. Here, we review ubiquitin and SUMO-dependent mechanisms underlying the regulation of hypoxia response in plants and mammals. By comparing and contrasting these mechanisms in plants and mammals, this review seeks to pinpoint conceptually similar mechanisms but also highlight future avenues of research at the junction between different fields of research.
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Zhang L, Chen WS, Lv ZY, Sun WJ, Jiang R, Chen JF, Ying X. Phytohormones jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, gibberellins, and abscisic acid are key mediators of plant secondary metabolites. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_20_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Srivastava M, Sadanandom A, Srivastava AK. Towards understanding the multifaceted role of SUMOylation in plant growth and development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:77-85. [PMID: 32880960 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development through the modulation of protein functionality and its interaction with its partners. Analysis of the functional implication of PTMs on plant cellular signalling presents grand challenges in understanding their significance. Proteins decorated or modified with another chemical group or polypeptide play a significant role in regulating physiological processes as compared with non-decorated or non-modified proteins. In the past decade, SUMOylation has been emerging as a potent PTM influencing the adaptability of plants to growth, in response to various environmental cues. Deciphering the SUMO-mediated regulation of plant stress responses and its consequences is required to understand the mechanism underneath. Here, we will discuss the recent advances in the role and significance of SUMOylation in plant growth, development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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An Insight into the Factors Influencing Specificity of the SUMO System in Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121788. [PMID: 33348543 PMCID: PMC7767294 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to their sessile nature, plants are constantly subjected to various environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and pathogen infections. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), like SUMOylation, play a vital role in the regulation of plant responses to their environment. The process of SUMOylation typically involves an enzymatic cascade containing the activation, (E1), conjugation (E2), and ligation (E3) of SUMO to a target protein. Additionally, it also requires a class of SUMO proteases that generate mature SUMO from its precursor and cleave it off the target protein, a process termed deSUMOylation. It is now clear that SUMOylation in plants is key to a plethora of adaptive responses. How this is achieved with an extremely limited set of machinery components is still unclear. One possibility is that novel SUMO components are yet to be discovered. However, current knowledge indicates that only a small set of enzymes seem to be responsible for the modification of a large number of SUMO substrates. It is yet unknown where the specificity lies within the SUMO system. Although this seems to be a crucial question in the field of SUMOylation studies, not much is known about the factors that provide specificity. In this review, we highlight the role of the localisation of SUMO components as an important factor that can play a vital role in contributing to the specificity within the process. This will introduce a new facet to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such a dynamic process.
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Fang Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Fan N, van den Burg HA, Huang CF. Regulation of Aluminum Resistance in Arabidopsis Involves the SUMOylation of the Zinc Finger Transcription Factor STOP1. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3921-3938. [PMID: 33087527 PMCID: PMC7721324 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a primary constraint for crop production on acid soils, which make up more than 30% of the arable land in the world. Al resistance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is achieved by malate secretion mediated by the Al-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (AtALMT1) transporter. The C2H2-type transcription factor SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1) is essential and required for Al resistance, where it acts by inducing the expression of Al-resistance genes, including AtALMT1 In this study, we report that STOP1 protein function is modified by SUMOylation. The SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) protease ESD4, but not other SUMO proteases, specifically interacts with and deSUMOylates STOP1. Mutation of ESD4 increases the level of STOP1 SUMOylation and the expression of the STOP1-regulated gene AtALMT1, which contributes to the increased Al resistance in esd4 The esd4 mutation does not influence STOP1 protein abundance but increases the association of STOP1 with the AtALMT1 promoter, which might explain the elevated expression of AtALMT1 in esd4 We demonstrate that STOP1 is mono-SUMOylated at K40, K212, or K395 sites, and blocking STOP1 SUMOylation reduces STOP1 stability and the expression of STOP1-regulated genes, leading to the reduced Al resistance. Our results thus reveal the involvement of SUMOylation in the regulation of STOP1 and Al resistance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Fang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ni Fan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chao-Feng Huang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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29
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Coleman D, Kawamura A, Ikeuchi M, Favero DS, Lambolez A, Rymen B, Iwase A, Suzuki T, Sugimoto K. The SUMO E3 Ligase SIZ1 Negatively Regulates Shoot Regeneration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:330-344. [PMID: 32611787 PMCID: PMC7479894 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants form calluses and regenerate new organs when incubated on phytohormone-containing media. While accumulating evidence suggests that these regenerative processes are governed by transcriptional networks orchestrating wound response and developmental transitions, it remains unknown if posttranslational regulatory mechanisms are involved in this process. In this study, we demonstrate that SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN- CONTAINING LIGASE1 (SIZ1), an E3 ligase-catalyzing attachment of the SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) to proteins, regulates wound-induced signal transduction and organ regeneration in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that loss-of-function mutants for SIZ1 exhibit overproduction of shoot meristems under in vitro tissue culture conditions, while this defect is rescued in a complementation line expressing pSIZ1::SIZ1 RNA sequencing analysis revealed that siz1-2 mutants exhibit enhanced transcriptional responses to wound stress, resulting in the hyper-induction of over 400 genes immediately after wounding. Among them, we show that elevated levels of WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION1 (WIND1) and WIND2 contribute to the enhanced shoot regeneration observed in siz1 mutants, as expression of the dominant-negative chimeric protein WIND1-SRDX (SUPERMAN repression domain) in siz1-3 mutants partly rescues this phenotype. Although compromised SIZ1 function does not modify the transcription of genes implicated in auxin-induced callus formation and/or pluripotency acquisition, it does lead to enhanced induction of cytokinin-induced shoot meristem regulators such as WUSCHEL, promoting the formation of WUSCHEL-expressing foci in explants. This study thus suggests that SIZ1 negatively regulates shoot regeneration in part by repressing wound-induced developmental reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Coleman
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - David S Favero
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alice Lambolez
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Bart Rymen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 67084 Strasboug cedex, France
| | - Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Orosa B, Üstün S, Calderón Villalobos LIA, Genschik P, Gibbs D, Holdsworth MJ, Isono E, Lois M, Trujillo M, Sadanandom A. Plant proteostasis - shaping the proteome: a research community aiming to understand molecular mechanisms that control protein abundance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1028-1033. [PMID: 32662105 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Orosa
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Suayib Üstün
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Luz I A Calderón Villalobos
- Molecular Signal Processing Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Daniel Gibbs
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Konstanz, Box 602, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Maria Lois
- Centre for Research in Agronomical Genomics, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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Chen B, Lin L, Lu Y, Peng J, Zheng H, Yang Q, Rao S, Wu G, Li J, Chen Z, Song B, Chen J, Yan F. Ubiquitin-Like protein 5 interacts with the silencing suppressor p3 of rice stripe virus and mediates its degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008780. [PMID: 32866188 PMCID: PMC7485977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin like protein 5 (UBL5) interacts with other proteins to regulate their function but differs from ubiquitin and other UBLs because it does not form covalent conjugates. Ubiquitin and most UBLs mediate the degradation of target proteins through the 26S proteasome but it is not known if UBL5 can also do that. Here we found that the UBL5s of rice and Nicotiana benthamiana interacted with rice stripe virus (RSV) p3 protein. Silencing of NbUBL5s in N. benthamiana facilitated RSV infection, while UBL5 overexpression conferred resistance to RSV in both N. benthamiana and rice. Further analysis showed that NbUBL5.1 impaired the function of p3 as a suppressor of silencing by degrading it through the 26S proteasome. NbUBL5.1 and OsUBL5 interacted with RPN10 and RPN13, the receptors of ubiquitin in the 26S proteasome. Furthermore, silencing of NbRPN10 or NbRPN13 compromised the degradation of p3 mediated by NbUBL5.1. Together, the results suggest that UBL5 mediates the degradation of RSV p3 protein through the 26S proteasome, a previously unreported plant defense strategy against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
| | - Baoan Song
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
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32
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Lacchini E, Goossens A. Combinatorial Control of Plant Specialized Metabolism: Mechanisms, Functions, and Consequences. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:291-313. [PMID: 32559387 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-011620-031429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plants constantly perceive internal and external cues, many of which they need to address to safeguard their proper development and survival. They respond to these cues by selective activation of specific metabolic pathways involving a plethora of molecular players that act and interact in complex networks. In this review, we illustrate and discuss the complexity in the combinatorial control of plant specialized metabolism. We hereby go beyond the intuitive concept of combinatorial control as exerted by modular-acting complexes of transcription factors that govern expression of specialized metabolism genes. To extend this discussion, we also consider all known hierarchical levels of regulation of plant specialized metabolism and their interfaces by referring to reported regulatory concepts from the plant field. Finally, we speculate on possible yet-to-be-discovered regulatory principles of plant specialized metabolism that are inspired by knowledge from other kingdoms of life and areas of biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Lacchini
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; , .,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; , .,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Wu X, Wang B, Xie F, Zhang L, Gong J, Zhu W, Li X, Feng F, Huang J. QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis identify candidate genes regulating pericarp thickness in sweet corn. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:117. [PMID: 32171234 PMCID: PMC7071591 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the planting area of sweet corn in China has expanded rapidly. Some new varieties with high yields and good adaptabilities have emerged. However, the improvement of edible quality traits, especially through the development of varieties with thin pericarp thickness, has not been achieved to date. Pericarp thickness is a complex trait that is the key factor determining the edible quality of sweet corn. Genetic mapping combined with transcriptome analysis was used to identify candidate genes controlling pericarp thickness. RESULTS To identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for pericarp thickness, a sweet corn BC4F3 population of 148 lines was developed using the two sweet corn lines M03 (recurrent parent) and M08 (donor parent). Additionally, a high-density genetic linkage map containing 3876 specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) tags was constructed and used for mapping QTLs for pericarp thickness. Interestingly, 14 QTLs for pericarp thickness were detected, and one stable QTL (qPT10-5) was detected across multiple years, which explained 7.78-35.38% of the phenotypic variation located on chromosome 10 (144,631,242-145,532,401). Forty-two candidate genes were found within the target region of qPT10-5. Moreover, of these 42 genes, five genes (GRMZM2G143402, GRMZM2G143389, GRMZM2G143352, GRMZM6G287947, and AC234202.1_FG004) were differentially expressed between the two parents, as revealed by transcriptome analysis. According to the gene annotation information, three genes might be considered candidates for pericarp thickness. GRMZM2G143352 and GRMZM2G143402 have been annotated as AUX/IAA transcription factor and ZIM transcription factor, respectively, while GRMZM2G143389 has been annotated as FATTY ACID EXPORT 2, chloroplastic. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a major QTL and candidate genes that could accelerate breeding for the thin pericarp thickness variety of sweet corn, and these results established the basis for map-based cloning and further functional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaming Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Fugui Xie
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Faqiang Feng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Huang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Zhao G, Song Y, Wang Q, Yao D, Li D, Qin W, Ge X, Yang Z, Xu W, Su Z, Zhang X, Li F, Wu J. Gossypium hirsutum Salt Tolerance Is Enhanced by Overexpression of G. arboreum JAZ1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:157. [PMID: 32211392 PMCID: PMC7076078 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypium arboreum possesses many favorable traits including robust defense against biotic and abiotic stress although it has been withdrawn from the market because of lower yield and fiber quality compared to G. hirsutum (upland cotton). It is therefore important to explore and utilize the beneficial genes of G. arboretum for G. hirsutum cultivar breeding. Here, the function of G. arboreum JAZ1 in tolerance to salt stress was determined through loss-of-function analysis. GaJAZ1can interact with GaMYC2 to repress expression of downstream genes whose promoters contain a G-box cis element, affecting plant tolerance to salinity stress. The experimental data from NaCl treatments and a 2 year continuous field trial with natural saline-alkaline soil showed that the ectopically overexpressed GaJAZ1 significantly increased salt tolerance in upland cotton compared to the wild type, showing higher growth vigor with taller plants, increased fresh weight, and more bolls, which is due to reprogrammed expression of tolerance-related genes and promotion of root development. High-throughput RNA sequencing of GaJAZ1 transgenic and wild-type plants showed many differentially expressed genes involved in JA signaling and biosynthesis, salt stress-related genes, and hormone-related genes, suggesting that overexpressing GaJAZ1 can reprogram the expression of defense-related genes in G. hirsutum plants to increase tolerance to salt stress. The research provides a foundation to explore and utilize favorable genes from Gossypium species for upland cotton cultivar breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Dongxia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Srivastava M, Srivastava AK, Orosa-Puente B, Campanaro A, Zhang C, Sadanandom A. SUMO Conjugation to BZR1 Enables Brassinosteroid Signaling to Integrate Environmental Cues to Shape Plant Growth. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1410-1423.e3. [PMID: 32109396 PMCID: PMC7181186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in plant development, but little is known of mechanisms that integrate environmental cues into BR signaling. Conjugation to the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is emerging as an important mechanism to transduce environmental cues into cellular signaling. In this study, we show that SUMOylation of BZR1, a key transcription factor of BR signaling, provides a conduit for environmental influence to modulate growth during stress. SUMOylation stabilizes BZR1 in the nucleus by inhibiting its interaction with BIN2 kinase. During salt stress, Arabidopsis plants arrest growth through deSUMOylation of BZR1 in the cytoplasm by promoting the accumulation of the BZR1 targeting SUMO protease, ULP1a. ULP1a mutants are salt tolerant and insensitive to the BR inhibitor, brassinazole. BR treatment stimulates ULP1a degradation, allowing SUMOylated BZR1 to accumulate and promote growth. This study uncovers a mechanism for integrating environmental cues into BR signaling to shape growth. BZR1 SUMOylation allows brassinosteroids to shape plant growth to its environment SUMOylation stabilizes BZR1 by inhibiting BIN2 interaction, promoting plant growth Salinity stimulates BZR1 deSUMOylation via ULP1a SUMO protease to suppress growth BRs destabilize ULP1a, allowing SUMOylated BZR1 to accumulate and promote growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Anjil K Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Alberto Campanaro
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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36
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Williams C, Fernández-Calvo P, Colinas M, Pauwels L, Goossens A. Jasmonate and auxin perception: how plants keep F-boxes in check. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3401-3414. [PMID: 31173086 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones regulate the plasticity of plant growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Many hormone signal transduction cascades involve ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of proteins by the 26S proteasome. The conjugation of ubiquitin to a substrate is facilitated by the E1 activating, E2 conjugating, and the substrate-specifying E3 ligating enzymes. The most prevalent type of E3 ligase in plants is the Cullin-RING ligase (CRL)-type, with F-box proteins (FBPs) as the substrate recognition component. The activity of these SKP-Cullin-F-box (SCF) complexes needs to be tightly regulated in time and place. Here, we review the regulation of SCF function in plants on multiple levels, with a focus on the auxin and jasmonate SCF-type receptor complexes. We discuss in particular the relevance of protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications as mechanisms to keep SCF functioning under control. Additionally, we highlight the unique property of SCFTIR1/AFB and SCFCOI1 to recognize substrates by forming co-receptor complexes. Finally, we explore how engineered selective agonists can be used to study and uncouple the outcomes of the complex auxin and jasmonate signaling networks that are governed by these FBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Williams
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Parque Cientifico y Tecnologico, UPM Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maite Colinas
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Morrell R, Sadanandom A. Dealing With Stress: A Review of Plant SUMO Proteases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1122. [PMID: 31620153 PMCID: PMC6759571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The SUMO system is a rapid dynamic post-translational mechanism employed by eukaryotic cells to respond to stress. Plant cells experience hyperSUMOylation of substrates in response to stresses such as heat, ethanol, and drought. Many SUMOylated proteins are located in the nucleus, SUMOylation altering many nuclear processes. The SUMO proteases play two key functions in the SUMO cycle by generating free SUMO; they have an important role in regulating the SUMO cycle, and by cleaving SUMO off SUMOylated proteins, they provide specificity to which proteins become SUMOylated. This review summarizes the broad literature of plant SUMO proteases describing their catalytic activity, domains and structure, evolution, localization, and response to stress and highlighting potential new areas of research in the future.
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