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Han Y, Luo Y, Ma BD, Li J, Xu JH, Kong XD. Structural Insights of a cis-Epoxysuccinate Hydrolase Facilitate the Development of Robust Biocatalysts for the Production of l-(+)-Tartrate. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1578-1587. [PMID: 38803051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
l-(+)-Tartaric acid plays important roles in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, foods, and chemicals. cis-Epoxysuccinate hydrolases (CESHs) are crucial for converting cis-epoxysuccinate to l-(+)-tartrate in the industrial production process. There is, however, a lack of detailed structural and mechanistic information on CESHs, limiting the discovery and engineering of these industrially relevant enzymes. In this study, we report the crystal structures of RoCESH and KoCESH-l-(+)-tartrate complex. These structures reveal the key amino acids of the active pocket and the catalytic triad residues and elucidate a dynamic catalytic process involving conformational changes of the active site. Leveraging the structural insights, we identified a robust BmCESH (550 ± 20 U·mg-1) with sustained catalytic activity even at a 3 M substrate concentration. After six batches of transformation, immobilized cells with overexpressed BmCESH maintained 69% of their initial activity, affording an overall productivity of 200 g/L/h. These results provide valuable insights into the development of high-efficiency CESHs and the optimization of biotransformation processes for industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 429 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuelin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bao-Di Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 429 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai (NFPS), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xu-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 429 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Roszak K, Katrusiak A. High-Pressure Crystallization and Thermodynamic Stability Study on the Resolution of High-Density Enantiomers from Low-Density Racemates. Org Lett 2023; 25:37-41. [PMID: 36598359 PMCID: PMC9841603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High-pressure recrystallization could be the cheapest clean method of resolving enantiomers from the racemates defying Wallach's rule. We have investigated the effect of pressure on sodium tartrate monohydrate (NaTa·H2O), a notorious exception from Wallach's rule: both racemic polymorphs α-dl-NaTa·H2O and β-dl-NaTa·H2O are less dense than the enantiomers. According to the mobile-equilibrium principle, such high-density enantiomorphs should spontaneously separate under high pressures. The pressure dependence of the Gibbs free energy explains the preferential crystallization of mixed enantiomers of NaTa·H2O.
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Amssayef A, Eddouks M. In vivo Antihyperglycemic and Antidyslipidemic Effects of L-Tartaric Acid. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:CHDDT-EPUB-127972. [PMID: 36464866 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x23666221202091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of L-Tartaric acid. BACKGROUND L-Tartaric acid is a natural product with possible beneficial effects on health. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects of L-Tartaric acid (L-TA) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the first model, the effects of L-TA (10 and 40 mg/kg) on diabetes conditions induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats were investigated. In the second model, the effects of L-TA (40 and 80 mg/kg) on dyslipidemia induced by tyloxapol (Triton WR-1339) in rats were assessed. RESULTS L-TA (40 mg/kg) had improved all studied parameters. L-TA at 40 mg/kg was able to significantly reduce glycaemia, improve oral glucose tolerance (OGT), increase glycogen content in liver and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, and ameliorate the lipidic profile and atherogenic indices in STZ-diabetic rats. CONCLUSION L-Tartaric acid was able to exhibit antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, the antidyslipidemic effect of L-Tartaric acid was confirmed in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Amssayef
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia,Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia, Morocco. BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia,Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia, Morocco. BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia,Morocco
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Abstract
The roots of biological homochirality remain unknown despite decades of study. A commonly proposed path includes an initial small enantiomeric excess that was amplified over time, but a satisfactory source of the excess and a plausible amplification process have yet to be described. We propose here a route to oligonucleotide homochirality from unactivated racemic sources based upon the facts that duplex structures are inherently homochiral and their synthesis from strands of complementary string nucleotide subunits is both uncommonly rapid and exergonic. Simulations employing available kinetic and thermochemical data in an iterated sequence of three equilibria in dry/wet cycles running from unactivated and racemic RNA monomers through oligonucleotides to duplex structures have shown that the exceptional association rate distorts the otherwise simple equilibrium string and overcomes the severe kinetic and stoichiometric barriers to the pairing of the statistically scant homochiral fractions. The simulations reveal widespread deracemization and the full conversion of racemic monomers to populations of L- and D-duplexes in a succession of growth in which the initially formed duplexes are replaced over time with increasingly larger descendants. This claim is open to experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ross
- Retired, formerly SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - David Deamer
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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Gruene T, Mugnaioli E. 3D Electron Diffraction for Chemical Analysis: Instrumentation Developments and Innovative Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11823-11834. [PMID: 34533919 PMCID: PMC8517952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, many exciting papers reported results based on crystal structure determination by electron diffraction. The aim of this review is to provide general and practical information to structural chemists interested in stepping into this emerging field. We discuss technical characteristics of electron microscopes for research units that would like to acquire their own instrumentation, as well as those practical aspects that appear different between X-ray and electron crystallography. We also include a discussion about applications where electron crystallography provides information that is different, and possibly complementary, with respect to what is available from X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruene
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry,
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, IT-56127 Pisa, Italy
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Gruene T, Holstein JJ, Clever GH, Keppler B. Establishing electron diffraction in chemical crystallography. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:660-668. [PMID: 37118416 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of 3D electron diffraction (3D ED) opens new opportunities for structure determination from sub-micrometre-sized crystals. Although the foundations of this technology emerged earlier, the past decade has seen developments in cryo-electron microscopy and (X-ray) crystallography that particularly enable the widespread use of 3D ED. This Perspective describes to chemists and chemical crystallographers just how similar electron and X-ray diffraction are and discusses their complementary aspects. We wish to establish 3D ED in the broader chemistry community, such that electron crystallography becomes a common part of the analytical chemistry toolkit. With a suitable instrument at their disposal, every skilled crystallographer can quickly learn to perform structure determinations using 3D ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gal
- University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical Campus UCH Campus Box A-022 Aurora CO, 80045 USA
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Xuan J, Feng Y. Enantiomeric Tartaric Acid Production Using cis-Epoxysuccinate Hydrolase: History and Perspectives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050903. [PMID: 30841503 PMCID: PMC6429283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tartaric acid is an important chiral chemical building block with broad industrial and scientific applications. The enantioselective synthesis of l(+)- and d(−)-tartaric acids has been successfully achieved using bacteria presenting cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (CESH) activity, while the catalytic mechanisms of CESHs were not elucidated clearly until very recently. As biocatalysts, CESHs are unique epoxide hydrolases because their substrate is a small, mirror-symmetric, highly hydrophilic molecule, and their products show very high enantiomeric purity with nearly 100% enantiomeric excess. In this paper, we review over forty years of the history, process and mechanism studies of CESHs as well as our perspective on the future research and applications of CESH in enantiomeric tartaric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xuan
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yingang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
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9
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Chromatographic separations based on tartaric acid and its derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Grajewski J, Mądry T, Kwit M, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Gawroński J. Benzhydryl Ethers of Tartaric Acid Derivatives: Stereochemical Response of a Dynamically Chiral Propeller. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2197-2207. [PMID: 28544199 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The benzhydryl (diphenylmethyl) group is a molecular propeller that can act as a chirality reporter if it is introduced nearby a stereogenic center by making an ether bond. The hydrophobic character of the benzhydryl group allows transformation of insoluble natural tartaric acid derivatives into soluble entities in a nonpolar environment. Electronic circular dichroism spectra, recorded within the short-wavelength region of the phenyl 1 B transitions (190-200 nm) shows strong bisignate Cotton effects. The signs and magnitudes of these Cotton effects are a function of absolute configuration and conformation of the molecule and do not primarily arise from exciton coupling of chiral benzhydryl chromophores. In crystals, the main-chain conformation is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and CH-CO dipolar interactions. The number of the donor NH groups has a pronounced effect on the preferred conformations and inclusion properties of benzhydryl-(R,R)-tartaric acid diamides. Evidence is shown for the solvent dependency of the conformations of NH amides of tartaric acid diphenylmethyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Grajewski
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mądry
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Gawroński
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Molčanov K, Stilinović V. Die chemische Kristallographie vor der Röntgenbeugung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Molčanov K, Stilinović V. Chemical Crystallography before X-ray Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:638-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Janiak A, Rychlewska U, Kwit M, Stępień U, Gawrońska K, Gawroński J. From Single Molecule to Crystal: Mapping Out the Conformations of Tartaric Acids and Their Derivatives. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1500-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Vera-Cruz P, Toscano RA, Balmaseda J, Basterrechea M, Niño N, Felipe del Castillo L. Synthesis and crystal structure of three new cadmium tartrates with open frameworks. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Gal J. Stereochemical vocabulary for structures that are chiral but not asymmetric: History, analysis, and proposal for a rational terminology. Chirality 2011; 23:647-59. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Stadler AM, Harrowfield J. Places and chemistry: Strasbourg—a chemical crucible seen through historical personalities. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2061-108. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00197j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Symmetry versus Asymmetry in the Molecules of Life: Homomeric Protein Assemblies. Symmetry (Basel) 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/sym2020884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Buděšínský M, Daněček P, Bednárová L, Kapitán J, Baumruk V, Bouř P. Comparison of Quantitative Conformer Analyses by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Raman Optical Activity Spectra for Model Dipeptides. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8633-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806181q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Daněček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kapitán
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Baumruk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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