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Gualtieri AF, Malferrari D, Di Giuseppe D, Scognamiglio V, Sala O, Gualtieri ML, Bersani D, Fornasini L, Mugnaioli E. There is plenty of asbestos at the bottom. The case of magnesite raw material contaminated with asbestos fibres. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:166275. [PMID: 37582451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Although all six asbestos minerals (the layer silicate chrysotile and five chain silicate species actinolite asbestos, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos, crocidolite and tremolite asbestos) are classified as carcinogenic, chrysotile is still mined and used in many countries worldwide. Other countries, like Italy, impose zero tolerance for all asbestos species, but conflicting views repress the development of globally uniform treaties controlling international trade of asbestos-containing materials. Hence, countries with more severe legislations against the use of these hazardous materials lack of an international safety net against importation of non-compliant products. This research reports the first discovery of commercial magnesite raw materials contaminated with white asbestos (chrysotile). X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric/thermodifferential measurements showed the presence of serpentine group minerals in both the semi-processed (powder) and quarried material. The univocal identification of chrysotile in the powders was confirmed by its peculiar Raman bands of the OH stretching vibrations between 3500 and 3800 cm-1, with an intense peak at ∼3695 cm-1 and a weak contribution at ∼3647 cm-1. Transmission electron microscope showed that chrysotile forms fibres up to a few microns long and up to 80 nm thick with a nanotube structure characterized by inner channels as large as 30-40 nm. Fibres size analysis obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicates mean length and diameter of 5.95 and 0.109 μm with medians of 2.62 and 0.096 μm, respectively; some among the fibres analysed exhibit the so-called "Stanton size" (i.e., asbestos fibres longer than 8 μm and thinner than 0.25 μm that are strongly carcinogenic). Quantitative analysis showed a chrysotile content around 0.01 wt% not allowed by current regulations in Italy and many other countries. More generally, our findings demonstrate that without shared policies aimed at regulating asbestos circulation on the global market, "asbestos-free" national policies will inevitably fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Inter-Departmental Research and Innovation Centre on Construction and Environmental Services of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Inter-Departmental Research and Innovation Centre on Construction and Environmental Services of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Scognamiglio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Orietta Sala
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Bersani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Fornasini
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Ghezzi L, Mugnaioli E, Perchiazzi N, Duce C, Pelosi C, Zamponi E, Pollastri S, Campanella B, Onor M, Abdellatief M, Franceschini F, Petrini R. Hexavalent chromium release over time from a pyrolyzed Cr-bearing tannery sludge. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16283. [PMID: 37770570 PMCID: PMC10539330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere is a widely applied route to convert tannery wastes into reusable materials. In the present study, the Cr(III) conversion into the toxic hexavalent form in the pyrolyzed tannery waste referred to as KEU was investigated. Ageing experiments and leaching tests demonstrated that the Cr(III)-Cr(VI) inter-conversion occurs in the presence of air at ambient temperature, enhanced by wet environmental conditions. Microstructural analysis revealed that the Cr-primary mineral assemblage formed during pyrolysis (Cr-bearing srebrodolskite and Cr-magnetite spinel) destabilized upon spray water cooling in the last stage of the process. In the evolution from the higher to the lower temperature mineralogy, Cr is incorporated into newly formed CrOOH flakes which likely react in air forming extractable Cr(VI) species. This property transforms KEU from an inert waste to a hazardous material when exposed to ordinary ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ghezzi
- Department of Earth Science, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Department of Earth Science, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Natale Perchiazzi
- Department of Earth Science, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Celia Duce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Zamponi
- Department of Earth Science, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Pollastri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM-CNR) Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Onor
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM-CNR) Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Franceschini
- Environmental Protection Agency of Tuscany (ARPAT), Via Vittorio Veneto, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrini
- Department of Earth Science, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Giacobbe C, Moliterni A, Di Giuseppe D, Malferrari D, Wright JP, Mattioli M, Ranieri S, Giannini C, Fornasini L, Mugnaioli E, Ballirano P, Gualtieri AF. The crystal structure of the killer fibre erionite from Tuzköy (Cappadocia, Turkey). IUCrJ 2023:S2052252523003500. [PMID: 37199503 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Erionite is a non-asbestos fibrous zeolite classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen and is considered today similar to or even more carcinogenic than the six regulated asbestos minerals. Exposure to fibrous erionite has been unequivocally linked to cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and this killer fibre is assumed to be directly responsible for more than 50% of all deaths in the population of the villages of Karain and Tuzköy in central Anatolia (Turkey). Erionite usually occurs in bundles of thin fibres and very rarely as single acicular or needle-like fibres. For this reason, a crystal structure of this fibre has not been attempted to date although an accurate characterization of its crystal structure is of paramount importance for our understanding of the toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this work, we report on a combined approach of microscopic (SEM, TEM, electron diffraction), spectroscopic (micro-Raman) and chemical techniques with synchrotron nano-single-crystal diffraction that allowed us to obtain the first reliable ab initio crystal structure of this killer zeolite. The refined structure showed regular T-O distances (in the range 1.61-1.65 Å) and extra-framework content in line with the chemical formula (K2.63Ca1.57Mg0.76Na0.13Ba0.01)[Si28.62Al7.35]O72·28.3H2O. The synchrotron nano-diffraction data combined with three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) allowed us to unequivocally rule out the presence of offretite. These results are of paramount importance for understanding the mechanisms by which erionite induces toxic damage and for confirming the physical similarities with asbestos fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giacobbe
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Anna Moliterni
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Jonathan P Wright
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Michele Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pure ed Applicate, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Simona Ranieri
- ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, Italian National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Laura Fornasini
- ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, Italian National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Paolo Ballirano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy
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Goudjil M, Lepore GO, Bindi L, Mugnaioli E, Baroni T, Mezaoui D, Bonazzi P. Synthesis and characterization of AsO[(W,Mo)O3]13, a new (6)-intergrowth tungsten bronze (ITB). J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2023.123987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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5
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Ermini ML, Summa M, Zamborlin A, Frusca V, Mapanao AK, Mugnaioli E, Bertorelli R, Voliani V. Copper nano-architecture topical cream for the accelerated recovery of burnt skin. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:1212-1219. [PMID: 36798506 PMCID: PMC9926901 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin burns are debilitating injuries with significant morbidity and mortality associated with infections and sepsis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In this context, nanotechnology can provide pioneering approaches for the topical treatment of burnt skin. Herein, the significant recovery of radiation-damaged skin by exploiting copper ultrasmall-in-nano architectures (CuNAs) dispersed in a home-made cosmetic cream is described and compared to other noble metals (such as gold). Owing to their peculiar design and components, CuNAs elicit a substantial recovery from burned skin in in vivo models after one topical application, and a significant anti-inflammatory effect is highlighted by reducing cytokine expression. The treatment exhibited neither significant toxicity nor the alteration of copper metabolism in the target organs because of the CuNA biocompatibility. This study may open new horizons in the treatment of radiation dermatitis and skin burns caused by other external events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Ermini
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 - 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 - 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Agata Zamborlin
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 - 56127 Pisa Italy
- NEST-Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza San Silvestro 12 - 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Valentina Frusca
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 - 56127 Pisa Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 - 56127 Pisa Italy
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa Via S. Maria 53 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 - 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 - 56127 Pisa Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa Viale Cembrano 4 - 16148 Genoa Italy
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6
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Andrusenko I, Hall CL, Mugnaioli E, Potticary J, Hall SR, Schmidt W, Gao S, Zhao K, Marom N, Gemmi M. True molecular conformation and structure determination by three-dimensional electron diffraction of PAH by-products potentially useful for electronic applications. IUCrJ 2023; 10:131-142. [PMID: 36598508 PMCID: PMC9812223 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252201154x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The true molecular conformation and the crystal structure of benzo[e]dinaphtho[2,3-a;1',2',3',4'-ghi]fluoranthene, 7,14-diphenylnaphtho[1,2,3,4-cde]bisanthene and 7,16-diphenylnaphtho[1,2,3,4-cde]helianthrene were determined ab initio by 3D electron diffraction. All three molecules are remarkable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The molecular conformation of two of these compounds could not be determined via classical spectroscopic methods due to the large size of the molecule and the occurrence of multiple and reciprocally connected aromatic rings. The molecular structure of the third molecule was previously considered provisional. These compounds were isolated as by-products in the synthesis of similar products and were at the same time nanocrystalline and available only in very limited amounts. 3D electron diffraction data, taken from submicrometric single crystals, allowed for direct ab initio structure solution and the unbiased determination of the internal molecular conformation. Detailed synthetic routes and spectroscopic analyses are also discussed. Based on many-body perturbation theory simulations, benzo[e]dinaphtho[2,3-a;1',2',3',4'-ghi]fluoranthene may be a promising candidate for triplet-triplet annihilation and 7,14-diphenylnaphtho[1,2,3,4-cde]bisanthene may be a promising candidate for intermolecular singlet fission in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Andrusenko
- Center for Material Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | - Charlie L. Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Material Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Italy
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Jason Potticary
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Siyu Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Kaiji Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Noa Marom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Material Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Italy
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7
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Andrusenko I, Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Schmidt W. True molecular conformation and structure determination of remarkable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322094621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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8
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Toso S, Imran M, Mugnaioli E, Moliterni A, Caliandro R, Schrenker NJ, Pianetti A, Zito J, Zaccaria F, Wu Y, Gemmi M, Giannini C, Brovelli S, Infante I, Bals S, Manna L. Halide perovskites as disposable epitaxial templates for the phase-selective synthesis of lead sulfochloride nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3976. [PMID: 35803933 PMCID: PMC9270429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal chemistry grants access to a wealth of materials through simple and mild reactions. However, even few elements can combine in a variety of stoichiometries and structures, potentially resulting in impurities or even wrong products. Similar issues have been long addressed in organic chemistry by using reaction-directing groups, that are added to a substrate to promote a specific product and are later removed. Inspired by such approach, we demonstrate the use of CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals to drive the phase-selective synthesis of two yet unexplored lead sulfochlorides: Pb3S2Cl2 and Pb4S3Cl2. When homogeneously nucleated in solution, lead sulfochlorides form Pb3S2Cl2 nanocrystals. Conversely, the presence of CsPbCl3 triggers the formation of Pb4S3Cl2/CsPbCl3 epitaxial heterostructures. The phase selectivity is guaranteed by the continuity of the cationic subnetwork across the interface, a condition not met in a hypothetical Pb3S2Cl2/CsPbCl3 heterostructure. The perovskite domain is then etched, delivering phase-pure Pb4S3Cl2 nanocrystals that could not be synthesized directly. Phase-selective approaches, such using reaction-directing groups, are often seen in traditional organic chemistry and catalysis. Here authors use perovskite nanocrystals as disposable templates to drive the phase-selective synthesis of two colloidal nanomaterials, the lead sulfohalides Pb3S2Cl2 and Pb4S3Cl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toso
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,International Doctoral Program in Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Electron Crystallography, Center for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Anna Moliterni
- Istituto di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Istituto di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Nadine J Schrenker
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrea Pianetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Juliette Zito
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Electron Crystallography, Center for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto di Cristallografia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Ivan Infante
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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Andrusenko I, Hamilton V, Lanza AE, Hall CL, Mugnaioli E, Potticary J, Buanz A, Gaisford S, Piras AM, Zambito Y, Hall SR, Gemmi M. Structure determination, thermal stability and dissolution rate of δ-indomethacin. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121067. [PMID: 34481012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structure solution of the δ-polymorph of indomethacin was obtained using three-dimensional electron diffraction. This form shows a significantly enhanced dissolution rate compared with the more common and better studied α- and γ-polymorphs, indicating better biopharmaceutical properties for medicinal applications. The structure was solved in non-centrosymmetric space group P21 and comprises two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Packing and molecule conformation closely resemble indomethacin methyl ester and indomethacin methanol solvate. Knowledge of the structure allowed the rational interpretation of spectroscopic IR and Raman data for δ-polymorph and a tentative interpretation for still unsolved indomethacin polymorphs. Finally, we observed a solid-solid transition from δ-polymorph to α-polymorph that can be driven by similarities in molecular conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Andrusenko
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Victoria Hamilton
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Arianna E Lanza
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Charlie L Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Jason Potticary
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Asma Buanz
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Anna M Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Simon R Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy.
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Abstract
In the past few years, many exciting papers reported results based on crystal structure determination by electron diffraction. The aim of this review is to provide general and practical information to structural chemists interested in stepping into this emerging field. We discuss technical characteristics of electron microscopes for research units that would like to acquire their own instrumentation, as well as those practical aspects that appear different between X-ray and electron crystallography. We also include a discussion about applications where electron crystallography provides information that is different, and possibly complementary, with respect to what is available from X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruene
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry,
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, IT-56127 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Das PP, Mugnaioli E, Wang Q, Nicolopoulos S, Gemmi M. A new tool for ancient artefact conservation studies: electron diffraction tomography to study blue corrosion product in Chinese bronze sample. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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12
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Mugnaioli E, Andrusenko I, Gemmi M, Das PP, Galanis AS, Nicolopoulos S. Strategies for structure solution of small-molecule organics by 3D-ED using a small beam. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321095246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Gemmi M, Mugnaioli E, Kaiukov R, Toso S, De Trizio L, Manna L. 3D electron diffraction on nanoparticles with a complex structure. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876732109601x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Andrusenko I, Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Lanza AE, Hamilton V, Hall CL, Potticary J, Hall SR, Piras AM, Zambito Y. Structure and stability of δ-indomethacin. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321093508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Coesite in impact rocks is traditionally considered a retrograde product formed during pressure release by the crystallisation of an amorphous phase (either silica melt or diaplectic glass). Recently, the detailed microscopic and crystallographic study of impact ejecta from Kamil crater and the Australasian tektite strewn field pointed in turn to a different coesite formation pathway, through subsolidus quartz-to-coesite transformation. We report here further evidence documenting the formation of coesite directly from quartz. In Kamil ejecta we found sub-micrometric single-coesite-crystals that represent the first crystallization seeds of coesite. Coesite in Australasian samples show instead well-developed subeuhedral crystals, growing at the expenses of hosting quartz and postdating PDF deformation. Coesite (010) plane is most often parallel to quartz {10-11} plane family, supporting the formation of coesite through a topotactic transformation. Such reaction is facilitated by the presence of pre-existing and shock-induced discontinuities in the target. Shock wave reverberations can provide pressure and time conditions for coesite nucleation and growth. Because discontinuities occur in both porous and non-porous rocks and the coesite formation mechanism appears similar for small and large impacts, we infer that the proposed subsolidus transformation model is valid for all types of quartz-bearing target rocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Campanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università d Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - E Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Folco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università d Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Hall CL, Andrusenko I, Potticary J, Gao S, Liu X, Schmidt W, Marom N, Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Hall SR. 3D Electron Diffraction Structure Determination of Terrylene, a Promising Candidate for Intermolecular Singlet Fission. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1631-1637. [PMID: 34117821 PMCID: PMC8457070 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate the prowess of the 3D electron diffraction approach by unveiling the structure of terrylene, the third member in the series of peri‐condensed naphthalene analogues, which has eluded structure determination for 65 years. The structure was determined by direct methods using electron diffraction data and corroborated by dispersion‐inclusive density functional theory optimizations. Terrylene crystalizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a, arranging in a sandwich‐herringbone packing motif, similar to analogous compounds. Having solved the crystal structure, we use many‐body perturbation theory to evaluate the excited‐state properties of terrylene in the solid‐state. We find that terrylene is a promising candidate for intermolecular singlet fission, comparable to tetracene and rubrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie L Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Iryna Andrusenko
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Jason Potticary
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Siyu Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | - Noa Marom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Simon R Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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17
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Mugnaioli E, Bonaccorsi E, Lanza AE, Elkaim E, Diez-Gómez V, Sobrados I, Gemmi M, Gregorkiewitz M. The structure of kaliophilite KAlSiO 4, a long-lasting crystallographic problem. IUCrJ 2020; 7:1070-1083. [PMID: 33209318 PMCID: PMC7642771 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520012270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Kaliophilite is a feldspathoid mineral found in two Italian magmatic provinces and represents one of the 12 known phases with composition close to KAlSiO4. Despite its apparently simple formula, the structure of this mineral revealed extremely complex and resisted structure solution for more than a century. Samples from the Vesuvius-Monte Somma and Alban Hills volcanic areas were analyzed through a multi-technique approach, and finally the crystal structure of kaliophilite was solved using 3D electron diffraction and refined against X-ray diffraction data of a twinned crystal. Results were also ascertained by the Rietveld method using synchrotron powder intensities. It was found that kaliophilite crystallizes in space group P3 with unit-cell parameters a = 27.0597 (16), c = 8.5587 (6) Å, V = 5427.3 (7) Å3 and Z = 54. The kaliophilite framework is a variant of the tridymite topology, with alternating SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra forming sheets of six-membered rings (63 nets), which are connected along [001] by sharing the apical oxygen atoms. Considering the up (U) and down (D) orientations of the linking vertex, kaliophilite is the first framework that contains three different ring topologies: nine (1-3-5) (UDUDUD) rings, six (1-2-3) (UUUDDD) rings and twelve (1-2-4) (UUDUDD) rings. This results in a relatively open (19.9 tetrahedra nm-3) channel system with multiple connections between the double six-ring cavities. Such a framework requires a surprisingly large unit cell, 27 times larger than the cell of kalsilite, the simplest phase with the same composition. The occurrence of some Na for K substitution (3-10%) may be related to the characteristic structural features of kaliophilite. Micro-twinning, pseudo-symmetries and anisotropic hkl-dependent peak broadening were also detected, and they may account for the elusive character of the kaliophilite crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Elena Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, Pisa, 56126, Italy
- Correspondence e-mail: , ,
| | - Arianna E. Lanza
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Erik Elkaim
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Virginia Diez-Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Isabel Sobrados
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Correspondence e-mail: , ,
| | - Miguel Gregorkiewitz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
- Correspondence e-mail: , ,
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18
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Mugnaioli E, Lanza AE, Bortolozzi G, Righi L, Merlini M, Cappello V, Marini L, Athanassiou A, Gemmi M. Electron Diffraction on Flash-Frozen Cowlesite Reveals the Structure of the First Two-Dimensional Natural Zeolite. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:1578-1586. [PMID: 32999933 PMCID: PMC7517411 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cowlesite, ideally Ca6Al12Si18O60·36H2O, is to date the only natural zeolite whose structure could not be determined by X-ray methods. In this paper, we present the ab initio structure determination of this mineral obtained by three-dimensional (3D) electron diffraction data collected from single-crystal domains of a few hundreds of nanometers. The structure of cowlesite consists of an alternation of rigid zeolitic layers and low-density interlayers supported by water and cations. This makes cowlesite the only two-dimensional (2D) zeolite known in nature. When cowlesite gets in contact with a transmission electron microscope vacuum, a phase transition to a conventional 3D zeolite framework occurs in few seconds. The original cowlesite structure could be preserved only by adopting a cryo-plunging sample preparation protocol usually employed for macromolecular samples. Such a protocol allows the investigation by 3D electron diffraction of very hydrated and very beam-sensitive inorganic materials, which were previously considered intractable by transmission electron microscopy crystallographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna E. Lanza
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bortolozzi
- Associazione
Micromineralogica Italiana (AMI), via Gioconda 3, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Lara Righi
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area
delle Scienze 37/A, 43123 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Merlini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Terra, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli 23, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Marini
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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19
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Toso S, Akkerman QA, Martín-García B, Prato M, Zito J, Infante I, Dang Z, Moliterni A, Giannini C, Bladt E, Lobato I, Ramade J, Bals S, Buha J, Spirito D, Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Manna L. Nanocrystals of Lead Chalcohalides: A Series of Kinetically Trapped Metastable Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10198-10211. [PMID: 32374173 PMCID: PMC7737912 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the colloidal synthesis of a series of surfactant-stabilized lead chalcohalide nanocrystals. Our work is mainly focused on Pb4S3Br2, a chalcohalide phase unknown to date that does not belong to the ambient-pressure PbS-PbBr2 phase diagram. The Pb4S3Br2 nanocrystals herein feature a remarkably narrow size distribution (with a size dispersion as low as 5%), a good size tunability (from 7 to ∼30 nm), an indirect bandgap, photoconductivity (responsivity = 4 ± 1 mA/W), and stability for months in air. A crystal structure is proposed for this new material by combining the information from 3D electron diffraction and electron tomography of a single nanocrystal, X-ray powder diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. Such a structure is closely related to that of the recently discovered high-pressure chalcohalide Pb4S3I2 phase, and indeed we were able to extend our synthesis scheme to Pb4S3I2 colloidal nanocrystals, whose structure matches the one that has been published for the bulk. Finally, we could also prepare nanocrystals of Pb3S2Cl2, which proved to be a structural analogue of the recently reported bulk Pb3Se2Br2 phase. It is remarkable that one high-pressure structure (for Pb4S3I2) and two metastable structures that had not yet been reported (for Pb4S3Br2 and Pb3S2Cl2) can be prepared on the nanoscale by wet-chemical approaches. This highlights the important role of colloidal chemistry in the discovery of new materials and motivates further exploration into metal chalcohalide nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toso
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica and Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced
Materials Physics, Università Cattolica
del Sacro Cuore, Via
Musei 41, I-25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Quinten A. Akkerman
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Juliette Zito
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ivan Infante
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiya Dang
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Moliterni
- Istituto
di Cristallografia−Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC−CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto
di Cristallografia−Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC−CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Eva Bladt
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ivan Lobato
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julien Ramade
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joka Buha
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Spirito
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department
of Nanochemistry and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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20
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Woollam GR, Das PP, Mugnaioli E, Andrusenko I, Galanis AS, van de Streek J, Nicolopoulos S, Gemmi M, Wagner T. Structural analysis of metastable pharmaceutical loratadine form II, by 3D electron diffraction and DFT+D energy minimisation. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01216e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coupling 3D electron diffraction and density functional theory provided the metastable pharmaceutical crystal structure within nanometre range, under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 56127 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Iryna Andrusenko
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 56127 Pisa
- Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 56127 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- Basel 4002
- Switzerland
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21
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Kaiukov R, Almeida G, Marras S, Dang Z, Baranov D, Petralanda U, Infante I, Mugnaioli E, Griesi A, De Trizio L, Gemmi M, Manna L. Cs 3Cu 4In 2Cl 13 Nanocrystals: A Perovskite-Related Structure with Inorganic Clusters at A Sites. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:548-554. [PMID: 31829568 PMCID: PMC7497414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An effort to synthesize the Cu(I) variant of a lead-free
double
perovskite isostructural with Cs2AgInCl6 resulted
in the formation of Cs3Cu4In2Cl13 nanocrystals with an unusual structure, as revealed by single-nanocrystal
three-dimensional electron diffraction. These nanocrystals adopt a
A2BX6 structure (K2PtCl6 type, termed vacancy ordered perovskite) with tetrahedrally coordinated
Cu(I) ions. In the structure, 25% of the A sites are occupied by [Cu4Cl]3+ clusters (75% by Cs+), and the
B sites are occupied by In3+. Such a Cs3Cu4In2Cl13 compound prepared at the nanoscale
is not known in the bulk and is an example of a multinary metal halide
with inorganic cluster cations residing in A sites. The stability
of the compound was supported by density functional theory calculations
that also revealed that its bandgap is direct but parity forbidden.
The existence of the Cs3Cu4In2Cl13 structure demonstrates that small inorganic cluster cations
can occupy A sites in multinary metal halides. We report the
synthesis of Cs3Cu4In2Cl13 nanocrystals with a vacancy ordered A2BX6 perovskite
structure, in which Cu(I) ions are
tetrahedrally coordinated. In this new structure (determined by single-nanocrystal
three-dimensional electron diffraction), 25% of the A sites are occupied
by [Cu4Cl]3+ clusters (75% by Cs+), while the B sites are occupied by In3+. Such a compound,
not known in the bulk, is the first case of a perovskite-related structure
with inorganic cluster cations residing in A sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kaiukov
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Genova , Via Dodecaneso 31 , 16146 Genova , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Infante
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro, 12 , 56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Andrea Griesi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro, 12 , 56127 Pisa , Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | | | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro, 12 , 56127 Pisa , Italy
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22
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Cesare B, Nestola F, Johnson T, Mugnaioli E, Della Ventura G, Peruzzo L, Bartoli O, Viti C, Erickson T. Garnet, the archetypal cubic mineral, grows tetragonal. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14672. [PMID: 31605020 PMCID: PMC6789019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Garnet is the archetypal cubic mineral, occurring in a wide variety of rock types in Earth’s crust and upper mantle. Owing to its prevalence, durability and compositional diversity, garnet is used to investigate a broad range of geological processes. Although birefringence is a characteristic feature of rare Ca–Fe3+ garnet and Ca-rich hydrous garnet, the optical anisotropy that has occasionally been documented in common (that is, anhydrous Ca–Fe2+–Mg–Mn) garnet is generally attributed to internal strain of the cubic structure. Here we show that common garnet with a non-cubic (tetragonal) crystal structure is much more widespread than previously thought, occurring in low-temperature, high-pressure metamorphosed basalts (blueschists) from subduction zones and in low-grade metamorphosed mudstones (phyllites and schists) from orogenic belts. Indeed, a non-cubic symmetry appears to be typical of common garnet that forms at low temperatures (<450 °C), where it has a characteristic Fe–Ca-rich composition with very low Mg contents. We propose that, in most cases, garnet does not initially grow cubic. Our discovery indicates that the crystal chemistry and thermodynamic properties of garnet at low-temperature need to be re-assessed, with potential consequences for the application of garnet as an investigative tool in a broad range of geological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cesare
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - F Nestola
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - T Johnson
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Perth, Australia
| | - E Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Della Ventura
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università di Roma Tre, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, 00146, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - L Peruzzo
- Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, CNR, via Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - O Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - C Viti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università di Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - T Erickson
- Jacobs - JETS, NASA Johnson Space Center, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, Mailcode XI3, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
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23
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Gemmi M, Mugnaioli E, Gorelik TE, Kolb U, Palatinus L, Boullay P, Hovmöller S, Abrahams JP. 3D Electron Diffraction: The Nanocrystallography Revolution. ACS Cent Sci 2019; 5:1315-1329. [PMID: 31482114 PMCID: PMC6716134 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crystallography of nanocrystalline materials has witnessed a true revolution in the past 10 years, thanks to the introduction of protocols for 3D acquisition and analysis of electron diffraction data. This method provides single-crystal data of structure solution and refinement quality, allowing the atomic structure determination of those materials that remained hitherto unknown because of their limited crystallinity. Several experimental protocols exist, which share the common idea of sampling a sequence of diffraction patterns while the crystal is tilted around a noncrystallographic axis, namely, the goniometer axis of the transmission electron microscope sample stage. This Outlook reviews most important 3D electron diffraction applications for different kinds of samples and problematics, related with both materials and life sciences. Structure refinement including dynamical scattering is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gemmi
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tatiana E. Gorelik
- University
of Ulm, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy
Group of Materials Science (EMMS), Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Kolb
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institut
für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Palatinus
- Department
of Structure Analysis, Institute of Physics
of the CAS, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czechia
| | - Philippe Boullay
- CRISMAT,
Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS UMR 6508, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Cedex Caen, France
| | - Sven Hovmöller
- Inorganic
and Structural Chemistry, Department of Materials and Environmental
Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Pieter Abrahams
- Center
for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C−CINA), Biozentrum, Basel University, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institut (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Leiden
Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Campanale F, Suttle MD, Folco L. Electron crystallography of planetary materials: impactites and micrometeorites. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319093458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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25
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Gemmi M, Andrusenko I, Lanza A, Mugnaioli E. Crystal structure of new and highly complex organic molecules solved by 3D electron diffraction. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319088557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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26
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Mugnaioli E, Gorelik TE. Structure analysis of materials at the order–disorder borderline using three-dimensional electron diffraction. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2019; 75:550-563. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619007339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse scattering, observed as intensity distribution between the Bragg peaks, is associated with deviations from the average crystal structure, generally referred to as disorder. In many cases crystal defects are seen as unwanted perturbations of the periodic structure and therefore they are often ignored. Yet, when it comes to the structure analysis of nano-volumes, what electron crystallography is designed for, the significance of defects increases. Twinning and polytypic sequences are other perturbations from ideal crystal structure that are also commonly observed in nanocrystals. Here we present an overview of defect types and review some of the most prominent studies published on the analysis of defective nanocrystalline structures by means of three-dimensional electron diffraction.
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27
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Lanza AE, Gemmi M, Bindi L, Mugnaioli E, Paar WH. Daliranite, PbHgAs2S5: determination of the incommensurately modulated structure and revision of the chemical formula. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2019; 75:711-716. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619007340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The incommensurately modulated crystal structure of the mineral daliranite has been determined using 3D electron diffraction data obtained on nanocrystalline domains. Daliranite is orthorhombic with a = 21, b = 4.3, c = 9.5 Å and shows modulation satellites along c. The solution of the average structure in the Pnma space group together with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data obtained on the same domains indicate a chemical formula of PbHgAs2S5, which has one S fewer than previously reported. The crystal structure of daliranite is built from columns of face-sharing PbS8 bicapped trigonal prisms laterally connected by [2+4]Hg polyhedra and (As3+
2S5)4− groups. The excellent quality of the electron diffraction data allows a structural model to be built for the modulated structure in superspace, which shows that the modulation is due to an alternated occupancy of a split As site.
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Andrusenko I, Hamilton V, Mugnaioli E, Lanza A, Hall C, Potticary J, Hall SR, Gemmi M. The Crystal Structure of Orthocetamol Solved by 3D Electron Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Andrusenko
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NESTIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa Italy
| | - Victoria Hamilton
- Complex Functional Materials GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
- Bristol Centre for Functional NanomaterialsCentre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1FD UK
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NESTIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa Italy
| | - Arianna Lanza
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NESTIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa Italy
| | - Charlie Hall
- Complex Functional Materials GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Condensed Matter PhysicsHH Wills Physics Laboratory Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1TL UK
| | - Jason Potticary
- Complex Functional Materials GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Simon R. Hall
- Complex Functional Materials GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NESTIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 Pisa Italy
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29
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Andrusenko I, Hamilton V, Mugnaioli E, Lanza A, Hall C, Potticary J, Hall SR, Gemmi M. The Crystal Structure of Orthocetamol Solved by 3D Electron Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10919-10922. [PMID: 31210373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Orthocetamol is a regioisomer of the well-known pain medication paracetamol and a promising analgesic and an anti-arthritic medicament itself. However, orthocetamol cannot be grown as single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction, so its crystal structure has remained a mystery for more than a century. Here, we report the ab-initio structure determination of orthocetamol obtained by 3D electron diffraction, combining a low-dose acquisition method and a dedicated single-electron detector for recording the diffracted intensities. The structure is monoclinic, with a pseudo-tetragonal cell that favors multiple twinning on a scale of a few tens of nanometers. The successful application of 3D electron diffraction to orthocetamol introduces a new gold standard of total structure solution in all cases where X-ray diffraction and electron-microscope imaging methods fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Andrusenko
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Victoria Hamilton
- Complex Functional Materials Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Lanza
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Charlie Hall
- Complex Functional Materials Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Centre for Doctoral Training in Condensed Matter Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Jason Potticary
- Complex Functional Materials Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Simon R Hall
- Complex Functional Materials Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
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30
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Nicolopoulos S, Das PP, Pérez AG, Zacharias N, Cuapa ST, Alatorre JAA, Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Rauch EF. Novel TEM Microscopy and Electron Diffraction Techniques to Characterize Cultural Heritage Materials: From Ancient Greek Artefacts to Maya Mural Paintings. Scanning 2019; 2019:4870695. [PMID: 31263516 PMCID: PMC6556332 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4870695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand in-depth material properties, manufacturing, and conservation in cultural heritage artefacts, there is a strong need for advanced characterization tools that enable analysis down to the nanometric scale. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) techniques, like 3D precession electron diffraction tomography and ASTAR phase/orientation mapping, are proposed to study cultural heritage materials at nanoscale. In this work, we show how electron crystallography in TEM helps to determine precise structural information and phase/orientation distribution of various pigments in cultural heritage materials from various historical periods like Greek amphorisks, Roman glass tesserae, and pre-Hispanic Maya mural paintings. Such TEM-based methods can be an alternative to synchrotron techniques and can allow distinguishing accurately different crystalline phases even in cases of identical or very close chemical compositions at the nanometric scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Partha P. Das
- NanoMEGAS Sprl, Blvd Edmond Machtens 79, B-1080 Brussels, Belgium
- Electron Crystallography Solutions SL, Calle Orense 8, 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nikolaos Zacharias
- Department of History, Archaeology and Cultural Resources Management, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Samuel Tehuacanero Cuapa
- Instituto de Física, Circuito de la Investigación s/n, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Jesús Angel Arenas Alatorre
- Instituto de Física, Circuito de la Investigación s/n, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edgar F. Rauch
- SIMaP, Grenoble INP CNRS UJF, BP 46, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Hères Cedex, France
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31
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Lanza A, Margheritis E, Mugnaioli E, Cappello V, Garau G, Gemmi M. Nanobeam precession-assisted 3D electron diffraction reveals a new polymorph of hen egg-white lysozyme. IUCrJ 2019; 6:178-188. [PMID: 30867915 PMCID: PMC6400191 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518017657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D electron diffraction have allowed the structure determination of several model proteins from submicrometric crystals, the unit-cell parameters and structures of which could be immediately validated by known models previously obtained by X-ray crystallography. Here, the first new protein structure determined by 3D electron diffraction data is presented: a previously unobserved polymorph of hen egg-white lysozyme. This form, with unit-cell parameters a = 31.9, b = 54.4, c = 71.8 Å, β = 98.8°, grows as needle-shaped submicrometric crystals simply by vapor diffusion starting from previously reported crystallization conditions. Remarkably, the data were collected using a low-dose stepwise experimental setup consisting of a precession-assisted nanobeam of ∼150 nm, which has never previously been applied for solving protein structures. The crystal structure was additionally validated using X-ray synchrotron-radiation sources by both powder diffraction and single-crystal micro-diffraction. 3D electron diffraction can be used for the structural characterization of submicrometric macromolecular crystals and is able to identify novel protein polymorphs that are hardly visible in conventional X-ray diffraction experiments. Additionally, the analysis, which was performed on both nanocrystals and microcrystals from the same crystallization drop, suggests that an integrated view from 3D electron diffraction and X-ray microfocus diffraction can be applied to obtain insights into the molecular dynamics during protein crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Lanza
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Margheritis
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Garau
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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32
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Németh P, Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Czuppon G, Demény A, Spötl C. A nanocrystalline monoclinic CaCO 3 precursor of metastable aragonite. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaau6178. [PMID: 30547088 PMCID: PMC6291313 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite its thermodynamical metastability at near-surface conditions, aragonite is widespread in marine and terrestrial sediments. It abundantly forms in living organisms, and its abiotic formation is favored in waters of a Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio > 1.5. Here, we provide crystallographic evidence of a nanocrystalline CaCO3 polymorph, which precipitates before aragonite in a cave. The new phase, which we term monoclinic aragonite (mAra), is crystallographically related to ordinary, orthorhombic aragonite. Electron diffraction tomography combined with structure determination demonstrates that mAra has a layered aragonite structure, in which some carbonates can be replaced by hydroxyls and up to 10 atomic % of Mg can be incorporated. The diagnostic electron diffraction features of mAra are diffuse scattering and satellite reflections along aragonite {110}. Similar features have previously been reported-although unrecognized-from biogenic aragonite formed in stromatolites, mollusks, and cyanobacteria as well as from synthetic material. We propose that mAra is a widespread crystalline CaCO3 that plays a hitherto unrecognized key role in metastable aragonite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Németh
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - György Czuppon
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, RCAES, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest 1112, Hungary
| | - Attila Demény
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, RCAES, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest 1112, Hungary
| | - Christoph Spötl
- Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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33
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Das PP, Mugnaioli E, Nicolopoulos S, Tossi C, Gemmi M, Galanis A, Borodi G, Pop MM. Crystal Structures of Two Important Pharmaceuticals Solved by 3D Precession Electron Diffraction Tomography. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Partha P. Das
- NanoMegas, Boulevard Edmond Machtens 79, B1080 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Tossi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gheorghe Borodi
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania
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34
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Lanza A, Cappello V, Margheritis E, Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Garau G. Nanobeam precession-assisted 3D electron diffraction reveals a new lysozyme polymorph. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318095050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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35
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Gemmi M, Lanza A, Mugnaioli E, Bindi L, Paar WH. Electron diffraction tomography of modulated minerals: the crystal structure of daliranite. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318090356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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36
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Das PP, Chuvilin A, Gomez Perez A, Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Pop M, Nicolopoulos S. Pharmaceutical polymorph characterization by high-resolution low-loss EELS spectroscopy and electron diffraction tomography. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318093841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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37
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Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Rozhdestvenskaya IV, Czank M, Depmeier W, David J, Bertoni G, De Trizio L, Manna L. Crystallography at the order–disorder borderline: characterization of nanodomains by electron diffraction and imaging. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318094421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Tu R, David J, Bertoni G, Gaspari R, De Trizio L, Manna L. Ab Initio Structure Determination of Cu 2- xTe Plasmonic Nanocrystals by Precession-Assisted Electron Diffraction Tomography and HAADF-STEM Imaging. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10241-10248. [PMID: 30063352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated pseudo-cubic Cu2- xTe nanosheets using electron diffraction tomography and high-resolution HAADF-STEM imaging. The structure of this metastable nanomaterial, which has a strong localized surface plasmon resonance in the near-infrared region, was determined ab initio by 3D electron diffraction data recorded in low-dose nanobeam precession mode, using a new generation background-free single-electron detector. The presence of two different, crystallographically defined modulations creates a 3D connected vacancy channel system, which may account for the strong plasmonic response of this material. Moreover, a pervasive rotational twinning is observed for nanosheets as thin as 40 nm, resulting in a tetragonal pseudo-symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Piazza San Silvestro12 , 56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Piazza San Silvestro12 , 56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Renyong Tu
- Department of Nanochemstry , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy.,Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jeremy David
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Piazza San Silvestro12 , 56127 Pisa , Italy.,Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST , Campus UAB, Bellaterra , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Giovanni Bertoni
- Department of Nanochemstry , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy.,IMEM - CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism , Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Roberto Gaspari
- Department of Nanochemstry , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Luca De Trizio
- Department of Nanochemstry , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department of Nanochemstry , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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Gemmi M, Mugnaioli E, David J, Cruciani G, Merlini M. Structural model of cowlesite by fast electron diffraction tomography. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317085758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Gemmi M, Mugnaioli E, David J, Cruciani G, Merlini M. Structural model of cowlesite by fast electron diffraction tomography. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317082900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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41
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Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, David J, Bereciartua PJ, Jorda JL, Rey F, Diaz-Canales EM, Diaz-Cabañas MJ. Determination of very beam-sensitive zeolite ITQ-57 by energy-filtered Timepix data. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317095067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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42
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Rozhdestvenskaya IV, Mugnaioli E, Schowalter M, Schmidt MU, Czank M, Depmeier W, Rosenauer A. The structure of denisovite, a fibrous nanocrystalline polytypic disordered 'very complex' silicate, studied by a synergistic multi-disciplinary approach employing methods of electron crystallography and X-ray powder diffraction. IUCrJ 2017; 4:223-242. [PMID: 28512570 PMCID: PMC5414397 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517002585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Denisovite is a rare mineral occurring as aggregates of fibres typically 200-500 nm diameter. It was confirmed as a new mineral in 1984, but important facts about its chemical formula, lattice parameters, symmetry and structure have remained incompletely known since then. Recently obtained results from studies using microprobe analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), electron crystallography, modelling and Rietveld refinement will be reported. The electron crystallography methods include transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high-angle annular dark-field imaging (HAADF), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), precession electron diffraction (PED) and electron diffraction tomography (EDT). A structural model of denisovite was developed from HAADF images and later completed on the basis of quasi-kinematic EDT data by ab initio structure solution using direct methods and least-squares refinement. The model was confirmed by Rietveld refinement. The lattice parameters are a = 31.024 (1), b = 19.554 (1) and c = 7.1441 (5) Å, β = 95.99 (3)°, V = 4310.1 (5) Å3 and space group P12/a1. The structure consists of three topologically distinct dreier silicate chains, viz. two xonotlite-like dreier double chains, [Si6O17]10-, and a tubular loop-branched dreier triple chain, [Si12O30]12-. The silicate chains occur between three walls of edge-sharing (Ca,Na) octahedra. The chains of silicate tetrahedra and the octahedra walls extend parallel to the z axis and form a layer parallel to (100). Water molecules and K+ cations are located at the centre of the tubular silicate chain. The latter also occupy positions close to the centres of eight-membered rings in the silicate chains. The silicate chains are geometrically constrained by neighbouring octahedra walls and present an ambiguity with respect to their z position along these walls, with displacements between neighbouring layers being either Δz = c/4 or -c/4. Such behaviour is typical for polytypic sequences and leads to disorder along [100]. In fact, the diffraction pattern does not show any sharp reflections with l odd, but continuous diffuse streaks parallel to a* instead. Only reflections with l even are sharp. The diffuse scattering is caused by (100) nano-lamellae separated by stacking faults and twin boundaries. The structure can be described according to the order-disorder (OD) theory as a stacking of layers parallel to (100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira V. Rozhdestvenskaya
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Earth Science, Saint Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterino 8, Siena 53100, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Marco Schowalter
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, Bremen D-28359, Germany
| | - Martin U. Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Michael Czank
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Wulf Depmeier
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel D-24098, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Andreas Rosenauer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, Bremen D-28359, Germany
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Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Merlini M, Gregorkiewitz M. (Na,□) 5[MnO 2] 13 nanorods: a new tunnel structure for electrode materials determined ab initio and refined through a combination of electron and synchrotron diffraction data. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2016; 72:893-903. [PMID: 27910840 PMCID: PMC5134763 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520616015651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
(Nax□1 - x)5[MnO2]13 has been synthesized with x = 0.80 (4), corresponding to Na0.31[MnO2]. This well known material is usually cited as Na0.4[MnO2] and is believed to have a romanèchite-like framework. Here, its true structure is determined, ab initio, by single-crystal electron diffraction tomography (EDT) and refined both by EDT data applying dynamical scattering theory and by the Rietveld method based on synchrotron powder diffraction data (χ2 = 0.690, Rwp = 0.051, Rp = 0.037, RF2 = 0.035). The unit cell is monoclinic C2/m, a = 22.5199 (6), b = 2.83987 (6), c = 14.8815 (4) Å, β = 105.0925 (16)°, V = 918.90 (4) Å3, Z = 2. A hitherto unknown [MnO2] framework is found, which is mainly based on edge- and corner-sharing octahedra and comprises three types of tunnels: per unit cell, two are defined by S-shaped 10-rings, four by egg-shaped 8-rings, and two by slightly oval 6-rings of Mn polyhedra. Na occupies all tunnels. The so-determined structure excellently explains previous reports on the electrochemistry of (Na,□)5[MnO2]13. The trivalent Mn3+ ions concentrate at two of the seven Mn sites where larger Mn-O distances and Jahn-Teller distortion are observed. One of the Mn3+ sites is five-coordinated in a square pyramid which, on oxidation to Mn4+, may easily undergo topotactic transformation to an octahedron suggesting a possible pathway for the transition among different tunnel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mugnaioli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Merlini
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Milan, via Botticelli 23, 20133 Milano, Italy
- ESRF, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michele Gregorkiewitz
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Mugnaioli E, Gemmi M, Merlini M, Gregorkiewitz M. Study of partial occupancies and Jahn-Teller distortions in (Na,□) 5[MnO 2] 13 by XRPD Rietveld and electron diffraction dynamical refinements. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273316098491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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45
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Gemmi M, Mugnaioli E, David J, Tossi C, Galanis A, Das PP, Pop M, Iordache C, Nicolopoulos S. Fast electron diffraction tomography on beam sensitive materials at room temperature: pharmaceuticals and zeolites. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273316098429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Simancas J, Simancas R, Bereciartua PJ, Jorda JL, Rey F, Corma A, Nicolopoulos S, Pratim Das P, Gemmi M, Mugnaioli E. Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Tomography for Structure Determination of the New Zeolite ITQ-58. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10116-9. [PMID: 27478889 PMCID: PMC5261824 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work a new ultrafast data collection strategy for electron diffraction tomography is presented that allows reducing data acquisition time by one order of magnitude. This methodology minimizes the radiation damage of beam-sensitive materials, such as microporous materials. This method, combined with the precession of the electron beam, provides high quality data enabling the determination of very complex structures. Most importantly, the implementation of this new electron diffraction methodology is easily affordable in any modern electron microscope. As a proof of concept, we have solved a new highly complex zeolitic structure named ITQ-58, with a very low symmetry (triclinic) and a large unit cell volume (1874.6 Å(3)), containing 16 silicon and 32 oxygen atoms in its asymmetric unit, which would be very difficult to solve with the state of the art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Simancas
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València−Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Simancas
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València−Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Bereciartua
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València−Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose L. Jorda
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València−Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Rey
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València−Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València−Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Partha Pratim Das
- NanoMEGAS
SPRL, Blvd Edmond Machtens
79, B-1080 Brussels, Belgium
- Electron
Crystallography Solutions, Orense 8, 28032 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Center
for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Laterina, 8, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Tahir MN, Herzberger J, Natalio F, Köhler O, Branscheid R, Mugnaioli E, Ksenofontov V, Panthöfer M, Kolb U, Frey H, Tremel W. Hierachical Ni@Fe2O3 superparticles through epitaxial growth of γ-Fe2O3 nanorods on in situ formed Ni nanoplates. Nanoscale 2016; 8:9548-9555. [PMID: 26818395 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One endeavour of nanochemistry is the bottom-up synthesis of functional mesoscale structures from basic building blocks. We report a one-pot wet chemical synthesis of Ni@γ-Fe2O3 superparticles containing Ni cores densely covered with highly oriented γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) nanorods (NRs) by controlled reduction/decomposition of nickel acetate (Ni(ac)2) and Fe(CO)5. Automated diffraction tomography (ADT) of the Ni-Fe2O3 interface in combination with Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that selective and oriented growth of the γ-Fe2O3 nanorods on the Ni core is facilitated through the formation of a Fe0.05Ni0.95 alloy and the appearance of superstructure features that may reduce strain at the Ni-Fe2O3 interface. The common orientation of the maghemite nanorods on the Ni core of the superparticles leads to a greatly enhanced magnetization. After functionalization with a catechol-functional polyethylene glycol (C-PEG) ligand the Ni@γ-Fe2O3 superparticles were dispersible in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jana Herzberger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Filipe Natalio
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Oskar Köhler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Robert Branscheid
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Welderweg 15, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Welderweg 15, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vadim Ksenofontov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martin Panthöfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ute Kolb
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Welderweg 15, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Mugnaioli E. Closing the gap between electron and X-ray crystallography. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2015; 71:737-9. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520615022441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of a proper refinement algorithm that takes into account dynamical scattering guarantees, for electron crystallography, results approaching X-rays in terms of precision, accuracy and reliability. The combination of such dynamical refinement and electron diffraction tomography establishes a complete pathway for the structure characterization of single sub-micrometric crystals.
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Milanesio M, Conterosito E, Palin L, Gianotti V, Perioli L, Mugnaioli E, Kolb U, Viterbo D, Antonioli D. Structural characterization of complex LDH samples and TGA-GC-MS study of thermal response and carbonate contamination in nitrate and organic-exchanged hydrotalcites. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Mugnaioli E, Mugnaioli E, Gregorkiewitz M, Gemmi M, Merlini M. Characterization of Mn octahedral molecular sieves by electron diffraction and Rietveld refinement. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315095522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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