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Colombo F, Fantini R, Di Renzo F, Malavasi G, Malferrari D, Arletti R. An insight into REEs recovery from spent fluorescent lamps: Evaluation of the affinity of an NH 4-13X zeolite towards Ce, La, Eu and Y. Waste Manag 2024; 175:339-347. [PMID: 38241823 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The constantly increasing demand of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) made them to be part of the so-called "critical elements" indispensable for the energy transition. The monopoly of only a few countries, the so-called balance problem between demand and natural abundance, and the need to limit the environmental costs of their mining, stress the necessity of a recycling policy of these elements. Different methods have been tested for REEs recovery. Despite the well-known ion-exchange properties of zeolites, just few preliminary works investigated their application for REEs separation and recycle. In this work we present a double ion exchange experiment on a NH4-13X zeolite, aimed at the recovery of different REEs from solutions mimicking the composition of liquors obtained from the leaching of spent fluorescent lamps. The results showed that the zeolite was able to exchange all the REEs tested, but the exchange capacity was different: despite Y being the more concentrated REE in the solutions, the cation exchange was lower than less concentrated ones (16 atoms p.u.c. vs 21 atoms for Ce and La solutions), suggesting a possible selectivity. In order to recover REEs from the zeolite, a second exchange with an ammonium solution was performed. The analyses of the zeolites show that almost all of Ce and Eu remain in the zeolite, while nearly half of La and Y are released. This, once again, suggests a possible selective release of REEs and open the possibility for a recovery process in which Rare Earths can be effectively separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Renzo
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gianluca Malavasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Arletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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2
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Gualtieri AF, Malferrari D, Di Giuseppe D, Scognamiglio V, Sala O, Gualtieri ML, Bersani D, Fornasini L, Mugnaioli E. There is plenty of asbestos at the bottom. The case of magnesite raw material contaminated with asbestos fibres. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:166275. [PMID: 37582451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Although all six asbestos minerals (the layer silicate chrysotile and five chain silicate species actinolite asbestos, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos, crocidolite and tremolite asbestos) are classified as carcinogenic, chrysotile is still mined and used in many countries worldwide. Other countries, like Italy, impose zero tolerance for all asbestos species, but conflicting views repress the development of globally uniform treaties controlling international trade of asbestos-containing materials. Hence, countries with more severe legislations against the use of these hazardous materials lack of an international safety net against importation of non-compliant products. This research reports the first discovery of commercial magnesite raw materials contaminated with white asbestos (chrysotile). X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric/thermodifferential measurements showed the presence of serpentine group minerals in both the semi-processed (powder) and quarried material. The univocal identification of chrysotile in the powders was confirmed by its peculiar Raman bands of the OH stretching vibrations between 3500 and 3800 cm-1, with an intense peak at ∼3695 cm-1 and a weak contribution at ∼3647 cm-1. Transmission electron microscope showed that chrysotile forms fibres up to a few microns long and up to 80 nm thick with a nanotube structure characterized by inner channels as large as 30-40 nm. Fibres size analysis obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicates mean length and diameter of 5.95 and 0.109 μm with medians of 2.62 and 0.096 μm, respectively; some among the fibres analysed exhibit the so-called "Stanton size" (i.e., asbestos fibres longer than 8 μm and thinner than 0.25 μm that are strongly carcinogenic). Quantitative analysis showed a chrysotile content around 0.01 wt% not allowed by current regulations in Italy and many other countries. More generally, our findings demonstrate that without shared policies aimed at regulating asbestos circulation on the global market, "asbestos-free" national policies will inevitably fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Inter-Departmental Research and Innovation Centre on Construction and Environmental Services of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Inter-Departmental Research and Innovation Centre on Construction and Environmental Services of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Scognamiglio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Orietta Sala
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Bersani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Fornasini
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Giacobbe C, Moliterni A, Di Giuseppe D, Malferrari D, Wright JP, Mattioli M, Ranieri S, Giannini C, Fornasini L, Mugnaioli E, Ballirano P, Gualtieri AF. The crystal structure of the killer fibre erionite from Tuzköy (Cappadocia, Turkey). IUCrJ 2023:S2052252523003500. [PMID: 37199503 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Erionite is a non-asbestos fibrous zeolite classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen and is considered today similar to or even more carcinogenic than the six regulated asbestos minerals. Exposure to fibrous erionite has been unequivocally linked to cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and this killer fibre is assumed to be directly responsible for more than 50% of all deaths in the population of the villages of Karain and Tuzköy in central Anatolia (Turkey). Erionite usually occurs in bundles of thin fibres and very rarely as single acicular or needle-like fibres. For this reason, a crystal structure of this fibre has not been attempted to date although an accurate characterization of its crystal structure is of paramount importance for our understanding of the toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this work, we report on a combined approach of microscopic (SEM, TEM, electron diffraction), spectroscopic (micro-Raman) and chemical techniques with synchrotron nano-single-crystal diffraction that allowed us to obtain the first reliable ab initio crystal structure of this killer zeolite. The refined structure showed regular T-O distances (in the range 1.61-1.65 Å) and extra-framework content in line with the chemical formula (K2.63Ca1.57Mg0.76Na0.13Ba0.01)[Si28.62Al7.35]O72·28.3H2O. The synchrotron nano-diffraction data combined with three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) allowed us to unequivocally rule out the presence of offretite. These results are of paramount importance for understanding the mechanisms by which erionite induces toxic damage and for confirming the physical similarities with asbestos fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giacobbe
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Anna Moliterni
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Jonathan P Wright
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Michele Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pure ed Applicate, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Simona Ranieri
- ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, Italian National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Laura Fornasini
- ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, Italian National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Enrico Mugnaioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Paolo Ballirano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy
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D’Eusanio V, Malferrari D, Marchetti A, Roncaglia F, Tassi L. Waste By-Product of Grape Seed Oil Production: Chemical Characterization for Use as a Food and Feed Supplement. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020326. [PMID: 36836684 PMCID: PMC9958947 DOI: 10.3390/life13020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the waste materials of wine production, grape seeds constitute an important fraction of the pomace, from which the precious edible oil is extracted. The residual mass from oil extraction, the defatted grape seeds (DGS), can be destined for composting or valorized according to the circular economy rules to produce pyrolytic biochar by gasification or pellets for integral energy recovery. Only a small quantity is used for subsequent extraction of polyphenols and tannins. In this study, we performed a chemical characterization of the DGS, by applying spectroscopic techniques (ICP-OES) to determine the metal content, separation techniques (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to evaluate the volatile fraction, and thermal methods of analysis (TGA-MS-EGA) to identify different matrix constituents. Our main goal is to obtain information about the composition of DGS and identify some bioactive compounds constituting the matrix in view of possible future applications. The results suggest that DGS can be further exploited as a dietary supplement, or as an enriching ingredient in foods, for example, in baked goods. Defatted grape seed flour can be used for both human and animal consumption, as it is a source of functional macro- and micronutrients that help in maintaining optimal health and well-being conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D’Eusanio
- Department of Chemical and Geologial Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (L.T.)
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geologial Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Geologial Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Roncaglia
- Department of Chemical and Geologial Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tassi
- Department of Chemical and Geologial Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (L.T.)
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Malferrari D, Bernini F, Di Giuseppe D, Scognamiglio V, Gualtieri AF. Al-Substituted Tobermorites: An Effective Cation Exchanger Synthesized from "End-of-Waste" Materials. ACS Omega 2022; 7:1694-1702. [PMID: 35071864 PMCID: PMC8772311 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The policies to meet the "zero waste" regime and transition to sustainable circular economy can no longer ignore the use of wastes in place of natural resources, and these daunting and vital societal challenges are nowadays being faced by several nations. The main objective of this work was to search waste materials suitable for a quick and environmentally friendly production of a nanoporous geomaterial able to trap toxic metals at the solid/liquid interface. More specifically, the end-of-waste from the thermal inertization of cement-asbestos and glass powder from domestic glass containers have been employed as sources for the hydrothermal synthesis of a tobermorite-rich material (TRM) successfully tested for the selective removal of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions. The synthesis was carried out in alkaline solution under mild hydrothermal conditions (120 °C) within 24 h. The quantitative phase analyses of the TRM carried out by applying the Rietveld method showed the occurrence of a large amount of well-crystallized 11 Å Al-substituted tobermorites and an amorphous phase and a lower content of aragonite and calcite. Chemical analyses and thermogravimetric measurements coupled with simultaneous evolved gas mass spectrometry highlighted that Al3+ for Si4+ substitutions in the wollastonite-like tetrahedral chains of tobermorites are balanced by the occurrence of Ca2+, Na+, and K+ cations in the interlayer rather than by (OH)- for O2- substitutions in the CaO polyhedra. Time-dependent removal tests clearly indicated that metal cations are selectively adsorbed depending on their concentration in solution. Moreover, the kinetic curves showed that the removal of metals from solution is fast and the equilibrium is almost reached in the first 8 h.
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6
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Bernini F, Castellini E, Brigatti MF, Bighi B, Borsari M, Malferrari D. Gaseous Heptanethiol Removal by a Fe 3+-Phenanthroline-Kaolinite Hybrid Material. ACS Omega 2021; 6:32589-32596. [PMID: 34901607 PMCID: PMC8655764 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Kaolinite functionalized by the μ-oxo Fe3+-phenanthroline complex (Fe+3Phen) was selected to test its ability to efficiently remove and store gaseous heptanethiol (HPT). Spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis coupled with evolved gas mass spectrometry were employed to characterize the material before and after the exposure to the gas and to define the adsorption process. The amount of HPT trapped by the functionalized kaolinite after 60 days is 0.10940 moles per 100 g of kaolinite which, considering the amount of adsorbed Fe+3Phen (0.00114 moles per 100 g of kaolinite), means a thiol/Fe3+Phen molar ratio of about 100:1, a value much higher than those found in the past for Fe+3Phen functionalized montmorillonite and sepiolite. In addition, the process was found to be efficient also beyond 60 days. This significant removal of the smelly gas was explained by considering a continuous catalytic activity of Fe3+ toward the oxidation of thiol to disulfide.
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Castellini E, Bernini F, Sebastianelli L, Bighi B, Ignacio Sainz‐Díaz C, Mucci A, Malferrari D, Ranieri A, Gorni G, Marini C, Franca Brigatti M, Borsari M. The Copper Chemical Garden as a Low Cost and Efficient Material for Breaking Down Air Pollution by Gaseous Ammonia. ChemSystemsChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castellini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bernini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sebastianelli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Beatrice Bighi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Claro Ignacio Sainz‐Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR) Av. de las Palmeras, 4 18100 Armilla, Granada Spain
| | - Adele Mucci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Giulio Gorni
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Crta. BP 1413, Km. 3.3 08290, Cerdanyola Del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlo Marini
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Crta. BP 1413, Km. 3.3 08290, Cerdanyola Del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Franca Brigatti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 I-41125 Modena Italy
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Di Giuseppe D, Perchiazzi N, Brunelli D, Giovanardi T, Nodari L, Della Ventura G, Malferrari D, Maia M, Gualtieri AF. Occurrence and characterization of tremolite asbestos from the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6285. [PMID: 33737553 PMCID: PMC7973559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85576-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremolite is one of the most common amphibole species and, in the fibrous form (i.e., characterized by crystals/particles consisting of fibres with length > 5 µm, width < 3 µm and aspect ratio > 3), one of the six asbestos minerals. Until now the attention of crystallographers has focused only on samples from continental environment. Here we report the first chemical and structural data of a tremolite asbestos found along the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) at the eastern intersection of the Romanche Transform Fault (Equatorial MAR). Tremolite is associated with chlorite and lizardite and was formed through the green shale facies lower than zeolite in a predominantly fluid system. MAR tremolite asbestos shows very slight deviations from the ideal crystal structure of tremolite. Differences in cation site partitioning were found with respect to tremolite asbestos from ophiolitic complexes, attributed to the different chemical-physical conditions during the mineral formation. In particular, oceanic tremolite asbestos is enriched in Al and Na, forming a trend clearly distinct from the continental tremolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Di Giuseppe
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Natale Perchiazzi
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Brunelli
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177CNR-ISMAR Institute for Marine Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giovanardi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Nodari
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177CNR-ICMATE Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, Italian National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Della Ventura
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy ,grid.463190.90000 0004 0648 0236INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Rome), Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcia Maia
- grid.466785.eCNRS- Géosciences Océan UMR 6538 - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
| | - Alessandro F. Gualtieri
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Righi S, Savioli M, Prevedelli D, Simonini R, Malferrari D. Response to Tilic and Bartolomaeus's Commentary on the original Research Paper "Unravelling the ultrastructure and mineralogical composition of fireworm stinging bristles" (Zoology, 144). ZOOLOGY 2021; 144:125889. [PMID: 33454148 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In their Commentary to our paper recently published in Zoology (Righi et al., 2021a), Tilic and Bartolomaeus question our findings that the chaetae of Hermodice carunculata (Annelida) are hollow and able to store and deliver venoms. They sustain the idea that inflammatory chemicals are secreted through epidermal glands and possibly exposed to predator trough wounds caused by the brittle chaetae. We provide evidence-based arguments in support of our considerations. The sample preparation procedures did not affect the native inner structure of unfixed fireworm chaetae, which is clearly hollow as supported by both ultrastructure observation and crystal-chemical analysis of constituents. Furthermore, our previous and more recent feeding bioassays and chemical analysis indicate both that chaetae retain strong deterrent capacities even when isolated from the body of H. carunculata, and that they contain venoms. The cellular mechanisms involved in fireworm chaeta storage and deliver of chemicals are still unstudied. We strongly believe that this lack of knowledge should draw further attention on H. carunculata biology, pursuing new hypotheses and studies based on the noteworthy information which has been obtained so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Righi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Martina Savioli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Prevedelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Simonini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Bernini F, Castellini E, Sebastianelli L, Bighi B, Sainz‐Díaz CI, Mucci A, Malferrari D, Ranieri A, Brigatti MF, Borsari M. Self‐Assembled Structures from Solid Cadmium(II) Acetate in Thiol/Ethanol Solutions: A Novel Type of Organic Chemical Garden. ChemSystemsChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bernini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Elena Castellini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sebastianelli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Beatrice Bighi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Claro Ignacio Sainz‐Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR) Av. de las Palmeras, 4 18100 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Adele Mucci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Maria Franca Brigatti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
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Righi S, Savioli M, Prevedelli D, Simonini R, Malferrari D. Unravelling the ultrastructure and mineralogical composition of fireworm stinging bristles. ZOOLOGY 2020; 144:125851. [PMID: 33227649 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amphinomid fireworms are notorious for their stinging dorsal bristles (notochaetae), but it is still unclear whether the irritation they cause is merely mechanical or if the notochaetae contain toxins. Furthermore, although fireworm chaetae have always been described as calcareous, their composition has never been investigated to date and strong debates are ongoing on their internal structure. Unravelling the native ultrastructure and composition of fireworm chaetae is the first crucial step to assess whether the hypothesis of toxin vehiculation could be fully considered. We examined for the first time the chemical and mineralogical composition, the ultrastructure and the external structure of the dorsal and ventral chaetae of the large species Hermodice carunculata. All the measurements were carried out on samples prepared without the use of chemical reagents, except for those targeted to investigate if decalcification altered the ultrastructure of the chaetae. A crystal-chemical strategy, combining chemical, diffraction and thermal analyses clearly showed the occurrence of crystalline calcium carbonate and clusters of phosphatic amorphous material. Scanning electron micrographs and energy dispersive X-ray measurements showed that the dorsal chaetae have an extremely shallow insertion point in the body respect to the ventral chaetae, that could facilitate the release of the notochaetae in the environment. Their proximal part is characterized by canals with a hexagonal pattern rich in Ca and P, followed by a large cavity upwards. The harpoon-shaped ends and the central canals of the notochaetae completely disappeared after exposure to EDTA. The notochaetae are hollow and may be able to vehicle toxins. The absence of the honeycomb pattern in the distal part of the notochaetae and their slenderness probably contribute to their brittleness and high sensitivity to breakage on contact. These observations constitute keystone understandings to shed light on fireworm defensive and offensive capacities and their ecological success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Righi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Martina Savioli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Daniela Prevedelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Simonini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Pignataro M, Rocco GD, Lancellotti L, Bernini F, Subramanian K, Castellini E, Bortolotti CA, Malferrari D, Moro D, Valdrè G, Borsari M, Monte FD. Electrochemical data on redox properties of human Cofilin-2 and its Mutant S3D. Data Brief 2020; 33:106345. [PMID: 33024804 PMCID: PMC7528206 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The reported data are related to a research paper entitled "Phosphorylated cofilin-2 is more prone to oxidative modifications on Cys39 and favors amyloid fibril formation" [1]. Info about the formation and redox properties of the disulfide bridge of a protein is quite difficult to obtain and only in a few cases was it possible to observe a cyclic voltammetry (CV) signal [2,3]. Human cofilin-2 contains two cysteines (Cys39 and Cys80) which can be oxidized in suitable conditions and form a disulfide bridge [1]. For this purpose, CV measurements were carried out on human cofilin-2 WT and its mutant S3D immobilized on a gold electrode coated by an anionic self-assembled monolayer (SAM), after a pre-oxidation time which was fundamental for observing a CV signal relating to the oxidation/reduction process of the disulfide bridge of the proteins. The data include CV curves obtained with and without electrochemical pre-oxidation and after oxidation with H2O2. In addition, the plot of the cathodic peak current vs. electrochemical pre-oxidation time and the pH dependence of the formal potential (E°') are reported. The data obtained by CV measurements were used to determine the time required to form the disulfide bridge for the immobilized proteins and, consequently, to observe the CV signal, to calculate the E°' values and analyse the pH dependence of E°'. The electrochemical data were provided which will be useful for further electrochemical investigations regarding proteins bearing disulfide bridge(s) or cysteines prone to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Pignataro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lidia Lancellotti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bernini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Elena Castellini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Moro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valdrè
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Pignataro M, Di Rocco G, Lancellotti L, Bernini F, Subramanian K, Castellini E, Bortolotti CA, Malferrari D, Moro D, Valdrè G, Borsari M, Del Monte F. Phosphorylated cofilin-2 is more prone to oxidative modifications on Cys39 and favors amyloid fibril formation. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101691. [PMID: 32863228 PMCID: PMC7472925 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofilins are small protein of the actin depolymerizing family. Actin polymerization/depolymerization is central to a number of critical cellular physiological tasks making cofilin a key protein for several physiological functions of the cell. Cofilin activity is mainly regulated by phosphorylation on serine residue 3 making this post-translational modification key to the regulation of myofilament integrity. In fact, in this form, the protein segregates in myocardial aggregates in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Since myofilament network is an early target of oxidative stress we investigated the molecular changes induced by oxidation on cofilin isoforms and their interplay with the protein phosphorylation state to get insight on whether/how those changes may predispose to early protein aggregation. Using different and complementary approaches we characterized the aggregation properties of cofilin-2 and its phosphomimetic variant (S3D) in response to oxidative stress in silico, in vitro and on isolated cardiomyocytes. We found that the phosphorylated (inactive) form of cofilin-2 is mechanistically linked to the formation of an extended network of fibrillar structures induced by oxidative stress via the formation of a disulfide bond between Cys39 and Cys80. Such phosphorylation-dependent effect is likely controlled by changes in the hydrogen bonding network involving Cys39. We found that the sulfide ion inhibits the formation of such structures. This might represent the mechanism for the protective effect of the therapeutic agent Na2S on ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Pignataro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lidia Lancellotti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bernini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Elena Castellini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Moro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valdrè
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Malferrari D, Ferretti A, Mascia MT, Savioli M, Medici L. How Much Can We Trust Major Element Quantification in Bioapatite Investigation? ACS Omega 2019; 4:17814-17822. [PMID: 31681888 PMCID: PMC6822107 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioapatite is probably the key factor in the unreplicated success of vertebrates. Chemical data on bioapatite composition can be achieved on a solid sample by using different analytical tools such as spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. As analytical outputs can be affected by the physical-chemical characteristics of the sample matrix, an internal standard is usually required to correct and validate the results. Bioapatite lattice can accommodate iso- and heterovalent substitutions during life or diagenesis varying its chemical composition through (geological) time. If on the one hand, this makes bioapatite a unique archive of physical and chemical information for both the living cycle and the events occurring after death, on the other, it excludes the identification of a sole internal standard. Here, we propose a method to measure major element concentration with specific care for P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Si, Al, and Fe, which are the main substituent atoms in bioapatite, through homemade matrix-matched external calibration standards for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). We tested the method on living and fossil shark teeth, critically comparing the results obtained using other analytical techniques and certified external standards. We demonstrated that matrix-matched calibration in LA-ICPMS is mandatory for obtaining a reliable chemical characterization even if factors such as matrix aggregation variability, diverse presence of volatile compounds, the fossilization footprint, and the instrumental variability can represent further variability parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Malferrari
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ferretti
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Mascia
- Department
of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/b, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Martina Savioli
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Medici
- National
Research Council of Italy, Institute of
Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, C. da S. Loja, Zona Industriale, I-85050 Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
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15
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Castellini E, Malferrari D, Bernini F, Sainz Diaz CI, Mucci A, Sola M, Brigatti MF, Borsari M. Trapping at the Solid-Gas Interface: Selective Adsorption of Naphthalene by Montmorillonite Intercalated with a Fe(III)-Phenanthroline Complex. ACS Omega 2019; 4:7785-7794. [PMID: 31459867 PMCID: PMC6648092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, stable hybrid materials (Mt-Fe(III)Phen), made by the μ-oxo Fe(III)-phenanthroline complex [(OH2)3(Phen)FeOFe(Phen)(OH2)3]4+ (Fe(III)Phen) intercalated in different amounts into montmorillonite (Mt), were used as a trap for immobilizing gaseous benzene and naphthalene and their mono chloro-derivatives at 25 and 50 °C. The entrapping process was studied through elemental analysis, magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and evolved gas mass spectrometry. Naphthalene and 1-chloronaphthalene were found to be immobilized in large amount at both temperatures. Molecular modeling allowed designing of the structure of the interlayer in the presence of the immobilized aromatic molecules. Adsorption is affected by the amount of the Fe complex hosted in the interlayer of the entrapping hybrid materials. On the contrary, under the same conditions, benzene and chlorobenzene were not adsorbed. Thermal desorption of naphthalenes was obtained under mild conditions, and immobilization was found to be reversible at least for 20 adsorption/desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castellini
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bernini
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Claro Ignacio Sainz Diaz
- Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Av. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100-Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Adele Mucci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Franca Brigatti
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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16
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Ferretti A, Malferrari D, Medici L, Savioli M. Diagenesis does not invent anything new: Precise replication of conodont structures by secondary apatite. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1624. [PMID: 28487529 PMCID: PMC5431664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conodont elements are important archives of sea/pore water chemistry yet they often exhibit evidence of diagenetic mineral overgrowth which may be biasing measurents. We decided to investigate this phenomenon by characterising chemically and crystallographically, the original biomineral tissue and the diagenetic mineral nature of conodont elements from the Ordovician of Normandy. Diagenetic apatite crystals observed on the surface of conodont elements show distinctive large columnar, blocky or web-like microtextures. We demonstrate that these apatite neo-crystals exhibit the same chemical composition as the original fossil structure. X-ray microdiffraction has been applied herein for the first time to conodont structural investigation. Analyses of the entire conodont element surface of a variety of species have revealed the existence of a clear pattern of crystal preferred orientation. No significant difference in unit cell parameters was documented between the newly formed apatite crystals and those of the smooth conodont surfaces, thus it emerges from our research that diagenesis has strictly replicated the unit cell signature of the older crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ferretti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Medici
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, C.da S. Loja-Zona Industriale, I-85050, Tito Scalo (Potenza), Italy
| | - Martina Savioli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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17
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Brigatti MF, Díaz CIS, Borsari M, Bernini F, Castellini E, Malferrari D. Crystal chemical characterization and computational modeling of a μ-oxo Fe(III) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline clarify its interaction and reactivity with montmorillonite. Rend Fis Acc Lincei 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Bernini F, Malferrari D, Pignataro M, Bortolotti CA, Di Rocco G, Lancellotti L, Brigatti MF, Kayed R, Borsari M, del Monte F, Castellini E. Erratum: Corrigendum: Pre-amyloid oligomers budding:a metastatic mechanism of proteotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40897. [PMID: 28102308 PMCID: PMC5244627 DOI: 10.1038/srep40897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Bernini F, Castellini E, Malferrari D, Castro GR, Sainz Díaz CI, Brigatti MF, Borsari M. Effective and Selective Trapping of Volatile Organic Sulfur Derivatives by Montmorillonite Intercalated with a μ-oxo Fe(III)-Phenanthroline Complex. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:1045-1056. [PMID: 27943670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The μ-oxo Fe(III)-phenanthroline complex [(OH2)3(Phen)FeOFe(Phen) (OH2)3]+4 intercalated in montmorillonite provides a stable hybrid material. In this study, the ability and efficiency of this material to immobilize thiols in gas phase, acting as a trap at the solid-gas interface, were investigated. Aliphatic thiols containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic end groups were chosen to test the selectivity of this gas trap. DR-UV-vis, IR, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and evolved gas mass spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the hybrid material before and after thiol exposure and to provide information on the entrapping process. Thiol immobilization is very large, up to 21% w/w for heptanethiol. In addition, evidence was obtained that immobilization occurs through the formation of a covalent bond between the iron of the complex and the sulfur of the thiol. This provides an immobilization process characterized by a higher stability with respect to the methods based on physi-adsorption. Thiol immobilization resulted thermally reversible at least for 20 adsorption/desorption cycles. Unlike standard desulfurization processes like hydrotreating and catalytic oxidation which work at high temperatures and pressures, the present system is able to efficiently trap thiols at room temperature and pressure, thus saving energy. Furthermore, we found that the selectivity of thiol immobilization can be tuned acting on the amount of complex intercalated in montmorillonite. In particular, montmorillonite semisaturated with the complex captures both hydrophobic and hydrophilic thiols, while the saturated montmorillonite shows a strong selectivity toward the hydrophobic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bernini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Castellini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - German Rafael Castro
- SpLine, Spanish CRG BM25 Beamline at the ESRF , 6 Jules Horowitz, F-38043 Grenoble, France
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC , c. Sor Juan Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claro Ignacio Sainz Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT) CSIC, Universidad de Granada , Av.da Las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Franca Brigatti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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Malferrari D, Brigatti MF, Laurora A, Pini S. Heavy metals in sediments from canals for water supplying and drainage: mobilization and control strategies. J Hazard Mater 2009; 161:723-729. [PMID: 18486335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the most critical aspects of the maintenance of canals for water supplying and drainage is the managing of deposited sediments, which must be periodically removed. Deposited sediments, if containing anthropogenic pollutants with a concentration exceeding specific law limits, must be stored as industrial wastes, thus raising additional economic and logistic problems to deal with. Our research considers polluted sediments from an area close to the south side of Po river, in order to characterize heavy metals associated with different mineral species, thus defining effective treatments for their inertization, and suggesting a possible process for their recycle. Our results demonstrate that the composition of these sediments is suitable for the production of tiles and bricks. Several tests were thus performed to optimize sample treatment and other process parameters, finally giving very encouraging results. Releasing tests on fired products reveal that all the heavy metals are well retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Malferrari
- Earth Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo S. Eufemia 19, I-41100 Modena, Italy
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21
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Malferrari D, Brigatti MF, Laurora A, Pini S, Medici L. Sorption kinetics and chemical forms of Cd(II) sorbed by thiol-functionalized 2:1 clay minerals. J Hazard Mater 2007; 143:73-81. [PMID: 17030421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between Cd(II) in aqueous solution and two 2:1 expandable clay minerals (i.e., montmorillonite and vermiculite), showing different layer charge, was addressed via batch sorption experiments on powdered clay minerals both untreated and amino acid (cysteine) treated. Reaction products were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRDP), chemical analysis (elemental analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry), thermal analysis combined with evolved gases mass spectrometry (TGA-MSEGA) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy via extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) characterization. Sorption isotherms for Cd(II) in presence of different substrates, shows that Cd(II) uptake depends both on Cd(II) starting concentration and the nature of the substrate. Thermal decomposition of Cd-cysteine treated clay minerals evidences the evolution of H(2)O, H(2)S, NO(2), SO(2), and N(2)O(3). These results are well consistent with XRDP data collected both at room and at increasing temperature and further stress the influence of the substrate, in particular cysteine, on the interlayer. EXAFS studies suggest that Cd(II) coordinates with oxygen atoms, to give monomer complexes or CdO molecules, either on the mineral surface and/or in the interlayer. For Cd-cysteine complexes EXAFS data agree with the existence of Cd-S clusters, thus suggesting a predominant role of the thiol group in the bonding of Cd with the amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Largo S. Eufemia 19, I-41100 Modena, Italy
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