1
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Liu Y, Zhu F, Shen Z, Moural TW, Liu L, Li Z, Liu X, Xu H. Glutaredoxins and thioredoxin peroxidase involved in defense of emamectin benzoate induced oxidative stress in Grapholita molesta. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 176:104881. [PMID: 34119223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) and thioredoxin peroxidases (Tpxs) are major antioxidant enzyme families involved in regulating cellular redox homeostasis and in defense of enhanced oxidative stress through scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the functions of these enzymes have not been reported in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), a worldwide pest of stone and pome fruits. Here, we identified four new antioxidant genes, GmGrx, GmGrx3, GmGrx5, and GmTpx which were induced by exposure with emamectin benzoate, a commonly used biopesticide for G. molesta control. Other environmental factors (low and high temperatures, Escherichia coli and Metarhizium anisopliae) also significantly induced the expression of these genes. After GmGrx or GmTpx silenced by RNA interference (RNAi), the percentage of larval survival to emamectin benzoate were significantly decreased, demonstrating that GmGrx and GmTpx are involved in protecting G. molesta from stresses induced by emamectin benzoate. Furthermore, silenced GmGrx, GmGrx3, GmGrx5, or GmTpx significantly enhanced the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (except GmTpx) and peroxidase (POD), as well as the contents of hydrogen peroxide and metabolites ascorbate. Taken together, our results suggest that GmGrx, GmGrx3, GmGrx5, and GmTpx may play critical roles in antioxidant defense. Specially, GmGrx and GmTpx contribute to the defense of oxidative damage induced by exposure to emamectin benzoate through scavenging excessive ROS in G. molesta. Our findings provided a theoretical basis for understanding functions of insect glutaredoxin and peroxidase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy W Moural
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Lining Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanli Xu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Daniel T, Faruq HM, Laura Magdalena J, Manuela G, Christopher Horst L. Role of GSH and Iron-Sulfur Glutaredoxins in Iron Metabolism-Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3860. [PMID: 32854270 PMCID: PMC7503856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) was initially identified and characterized for its redox properties and later for its contributions to detoxification reactions. Over the past decade, however, the essential contributions of glutathione to cellular iron metabolism have come more and more into focus. GSH is indispensable in mitochondrial iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster biosynthesis, primarily by co-ligating FeS clusters as a cofactor of the CGFS-type (class II) glutaredoxins (Grxs). GSH is required for the export of the yet to be defined FeS precursor from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In the cytosol, it is an essential cofactor, again of the multi-domain CGFS-type Grxs, master players in cellular iron and FeS trafficking. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and progress in this field. The most urgent open questions are discussed, such as the role of GSH in the export of FeS precursors from mitochondria, the physiological roles of the CGFS-type Grx interactions with BolA-like proteins and the cluster transfer between Grxs and recipient proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trnka Daniel
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Hossain Md Faruq
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Jordt Laura Magdalena
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Gellert Manuela
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Lillig Christopher Horst
- Christopher Horst Lillig, Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Zaffagnini M, Fermani S, Marchand CH, Costa A, Sparla F, Rouhier N, Geigenberger P, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Organisms: Novel and Established Thiol-Based Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:155-210. [PMID: 30499304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis consists of an intricate network of reactions in which reactive molecular species, redox modifications, and redox proteins act in concert to allow both physiological responses and adaptation to stress conditions. Recent Advances: This review highlights established and novel thiol-based regulatory pathways underlying the functional facets and significance of redox biology in photosynthetic organisms. In the last decades, the field of redox regulation has largely expanded and this work is aimed at giving the right credit to the importance of thiol-based regulatory and signaling mechanisms in plants. Critical Issues: This cannot be all-encompassing, but is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the structural/molecular mechanisms governing the most relevant thiol switching modifications with emphasis on the large genetic and functional diversity of redox controllers (i.e., redoxins). We also summarize the different proteomic-based approaches aimed at investigating the dynamics of redox modifications and the recent evidence that extends the possibility to monitor the cellular redox state in vivo. The physiological relevance of redox transitions is discussed based on reverse genetic studies confirming the importance of redox homeostasis in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Future Directions: In conclusion, we can firmly assume that redox biology has acquired an established significance that virtually infiltrates all aspects of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- 2 Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alex Costa
- 4 Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Peter Geigenberger
- 6 Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biozentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Trost
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Valassakis C, Dervisi I, Agalou A, Papandreou N, Kapetsis G, Podia V, Haralampidis K, Iconomidou VA, Spaink HP, Roussis A. Novel interactions of Selenium Binding Protein family with the PICOT containing proteins AtGRXS14 and AtGRXS16 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:102-112. [PMID: 30824043 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During abiotic stress the primary symptom of phytotoxicity can be ROS production which is strictly regulated by ROS scavenging pathways involving enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, ROS are well-described secondary messengers of cellular processes, while during the course of evolution, plants have accomplished high degree of control over ROS and used them as signalling molecules. Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small and ubiquitous glutathione (GSH) -or thioredoxin reductase (TR)-dependent oxidoreductases belonging to the thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily which are conserved in most eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana GRXs are subdivided into four classes playing a central role in oxidative stress responses and physiological functions. In this work, we describe a novel interaction of AtGRXS14 with the Selenium Binding Protein 1 (AtSBP1), a protein proposed to be integrated in a regulatory network that senses alterations in cellular redox state and acts towards its restoration. We further show that SBP protein family interacts with AtGRXS16 that also contains a PICOT domain, like AtGRXS14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Valassakis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Dervisi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Agalou
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Papandreou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kapetsis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Varvara Podia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Iconomidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Roussis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece.
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5
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Sturlese M, Manta B, Bertarello A, Bonilla M, Lelli M, Zambelli B, Grunberg K, Mammi S, Comini MA, Bellanda M. The lineage-specific, intrinsically disordered N-terminal extension of monothiol glutaredoxin 1 from trypanosomes contains a regulatory region. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13716. [PMID: 30209332 PMCID: PMC6135854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grx) are small proteins conserved throughout all the kingdoms of life that are engaged in a wide variety of biological processes and share a common thioredoxin-fold. Among them, class II Grx are redox-inactive proteins involved in iron-sulfur (FeS) metabolism. They contain a single thiol group in their active site and use low molecular mass thiols such as glutathione as ligand for binding FeS-clusters. In this study, we investigated molecular aspects of 1CGrx1 from the pathogenic parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei, a mitochondrial class II Grx that fulfills an indispensable role in vivo. Mitochondrial 1CGrx1 from trypanosomes differs from orthologues in several features including the presence of a parasite-specific N-terminal extension (NTE) whose role has yet to be elucidated. Previously we have solved the structure of a truncated form of 1CGrx1 containing only the conserved glutaredoxin domain but lacking the NTE. Our aim here is to investigate the effect of the NTE on the conformation of the protein. We therefore solved the NMR structure of the full-length protein, which reveals subtle but significant differences with the structure of the NTE-less form. By means of different experimental approaches, the NTE proved to be intrinsically disordered and not involved in the non-redox dependent protein dimerization, as previously suggested. Interestingly, the portion comprising residues 65–76 of the NTE modulates the conformational dynamics of the glutathione-binding pocket, which may play a role in iron-sulfur cluster assembly and delivery. Furthermore, we disclosed that the class II-strictly conserved loop that precedes the active site is critical for stabilizing the protein structure. So far, this represents the first communication of a Grx containing an intrinsically disordered region that defines a new protein subgroup within class II Grx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sturlese
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Manta
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Igua 4425, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | - Andrea Bertarello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Moreno Lelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Karin Grunberg
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Stefano Mammi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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6
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Zhang X, Wang W, Li C, Zhao Y, Yuan H, Tan X, Wu L, Wang Z, Wang H. Structural insights into the binding of buckwheat glutaredoxin with GSH and regulation of its catalytic activity. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 173:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Yu H, Yang J, Shi Y, Donelson J, Thompson SM, Sprague S, Roshan T, Wang DL, Liu J, Park S, Nakata PA, Connolly EL, Hirschi KD, Grusak MA, Cheng N. Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Contributes to Vegetative Growth, Mineral Accumulation, and Redox Balance during Iron Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 28674546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01045/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient and a metal cofactor required for many proteins and enzymes involved in the processes of DNA synthesis, respiration, and photosynthesis. Iron limitation can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Such effects are mediated, at least in part, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, plants have evolved a complex regulatory network to respond to conditions of iron limitations. However, the mechanisms that couple iron deficiency and oxidative stress responses are not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery that an Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin S17 (AtGRXS17) plays a critical role in the plants ability to respond to iron deficiency stress and maintain redox homeostasis. In a yeast expression assay, AtGRXS17 was able to suppress the iron accumulation in yeast ScGrx3/ScGrx4 mutant cells. Genetic analysis indicated that plants with reduced AtGRXS17 expression were hypersensitive to iron deficiency and showed increased iron concentrations in mature seeds. Disruption of AtGRXS17 caused plant sensitivity to exogenous oxidants and increased ROS production under iron deficiency. Addition of reduced glutathione rescued the growth and alleviates the sensitivity of atgrxs17 mutants to iron deficiency. These findings suggest AtGRXS17 helps integrate redox homeostasis and iron deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Yafei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Sean M Thompson
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Stuart Sprague
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Tony Roshan
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Da-Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Paul A Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Erin L Connolly
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University ParkPA, United States
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- USDA/ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, FargoND, United States
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
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8
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Yu H, Yang J, Shi Y, Donelson J, Thompson SM, Sprague S, Roshan T, Wang DL, Liu J, Park S, Nakata PA, Connolly EL, Hirschi KD, Grusak MA, Cheng N. Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Contributes to Vegetative Growth, Mineral Accumulation, and Redox Balance during Iron Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 28674546 PMCID: PMC5474874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient and a metal cofactor required for many proteins and enzymes involved in the processes of DNA synthesis, respiration, and photosynthesis. Iron limitation can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Such effects are mediated, at least in part, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, plants have evolved a complex regulatory network to respond to conditions of iron limitations. However, the mechanisms that couple iron deficiency and oxidative stress responses are not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery that an Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin S17 (AtGRXS17) plays a critical role in the plants ability to respond to iron deficiency stress and maintain redox homeostasis. In a yeast expression assay, AtGRXS17 was able to suppress the iron accumulation in yeast ScGrx3/ScGrx4 mutant cells. Genetic analysis indicated that plants with reduced AtGRXS17 expression were hypersensitive to iron deficiency and showed increased iron concentrations in mature seeds. Disruption of AtGRXS17 caused plant sensitivity to exogenous oxidants and increased ROS production under iron deficiency. Addition of reduced glutathione rescued the growth and alleviates the sensitivity of atgrxs17 mutants to iron deficiency. These findings suggest AtGRXS17 helps integrate redox homeostasis and iron deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Yafei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Sean M. Thompson
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Stuart Sprague
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Tony Roshan
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Da-Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Paul A. Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Erin L. Connolly
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University ParkPA, United States
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- USDA/ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, FargoND, United States
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- *Correspondence: Ninghui Cheng,
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9
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Wang L, Li Y, Jacquot JP, Rouhier N, Xia B. Characterization of poplar GrxS14 in different structural forms. Protein Cell 2014; 5:329-33. [PMID: 24639280 PMCID: PMC3996159 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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10
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Roret T, Tsan P, Couturier J, Zhang B, Johnson MK, Rouhier N, Didierjean C. Structural and spectroscopic insights into BolA-glutaredoxin complexes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24588-98. [PMID: 25012657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.572701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BolA proteins are defined as stress-responsive transcriptional regulators, but they also participate in iron metabolism. Although they can form [2Fe-2S]-containing complexes with monothiol glutaredoxins (Grx), structural details are lacking. Three Arabidopsis thaliana BolA structures were solved. They differ primarily by the size of a loop referred to as the variable [H/C] loop, which contains an important cysteine (BolA_C group) or histidine (BolA_H group) residue. From three-dimensional modeling and spectroscopic analyses of A. thaliana GrxS14-BolA1 holo-heterodimer (BolA_H), we provide evidence for the coordination of a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster. For BolA_C members, the cysteine could replace the histidine as a ligand. NMR interaction experiments using apoproteins indicate that a completely different heterodimer was formed involving the nucleic acid binding site of BolA and the C-terminal tail of Grx. The possible biological importance of these complexes is discussed considering the physiological functions previously assigned to BolA and to Grx-BolA or Grx-Grx complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roret
- From the Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7036 CRM2, BioMod group, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pascale Tsan
- From the Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7036 CRM2, BioMod group, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jérémy Couturier
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54280 Champenoux, France, and
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Michael K Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Nicolas Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, F-54280 Champenoux, France, and
| | - Claude Didierjean
- From the Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7036 CRM2, BioMod group, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France,
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11
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Yogavel M, Tripathi T, Gupta A, Banday MM, Rahlfs S, Becker K, Belrhali H, Sharma A. Atomic resolution crystal structure of glutaredoxin 1 from Plasmodium falciparum and comparison with other glutaredoxins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 70:91-100. [PMID: 24419382 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713025285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are redox proteins that use glutathione ((γ)Glu-Cys-Gly; GSH) as a cofactor. Plasmodium falciparum has one classic dithiol (CXXC) glutaredoxin (glutaredoxin 1; PfGrx1) and three monothiol (CXXS) Grx-like proteins (GLPs), which have five residue insertions prior to the active-site Cys. Here, the crystal structure of PfGrx1 has been determined by the sulfur single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (S-SAD) method utilizing intrinsic protein and solvent S atoms. Several residues were modelled with alternate conformations, and an alternate position was refined for the active-site Cys29 owing to radiation damage. The GSH-binding site is occupied by water polygons and buffer molecules. Structural comparison of PfGrx1 with other Grxs and Grx-like proteins revealed that the GSH-binding motifs (CXXC/CXXS, TVP, CDD, Lys26 and Gln/Arg63) are structurally conserved. Both the monothiol and dithiol Grxs possess three conserved water molecules; two of these were located in the GSH-binding site. PfGrx1 has several polar and charged amino-acid substitutions that provide structurally important additional hydrogen bonds and salt bridges missing in other Grxs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Yogavel
- Structural and Computational Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 792 022, India
| | - Ankita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 792 022, India
| | - Mudassir Meraj Banday
- Structural and Computational Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Stefan Rahlfs
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hassan Belrhali
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 181, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural and Computational Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Manta B, Pavan C, Sturlese M, Medeiros A, Crispo M, Berndt C, Krauth-Siegel RL, Bellanda M, Comini MA. Iron-sulfur cluster binding by mitochondrial monothiol glutaredoxin-1 of Trypanosoma brucei: molecular basis of iron-sulfur cluster coordination and relevance for parasite infectivity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:665-82. [PMID: 23259530 PMCID: PMC3739951 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Monothiol glutaredoxins (1-C-Grxs) are small proteins linked to the cellular iron and redox metabolism. Trypanosoma brucei brucei, model organism for human African trypanosomiasis, expresses three 1-C-Grxs. 1-C-Grx1 is a highly abundant mitochondrial protein capable to bind an iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) in vitro using glutathione (GSH) as cofactor. We here report on the functional and structural analysis of 1-C-Grx1 in relation to its ISC-binding properties. RESULTS An N-terminal extension unique to 1-C-Grx1 from trypanosomatids affects the oligomeric structure and the ISC-binding capacity of the protein. The active-site Cys104 is essential for ISC binding, and the parasite-specific glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione can replace GSH as the ligands of the ISC. Interestingly, trypanothione forms stable protein-free ISC species that in vitro are incorporated into the dithiol T. brucei 2-C-Grx1, but not 1-C-Grx1. Overexpression of the C104S mutant of 1-C-Grx1 impairs disease progression in a mouse model. The structure of the Grx-domain of 1-C-Grx1 was solved by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Despite the fact that several residues--which in other 1-C-Grxs are involved in the noncovalent binding of GSH--are conserved, different physicochemical approaches did not reveal any specific interaction between 1-C-Grx1 and free thiol ligands. INNOVATION Parasite Grxs are able to coordinate an ISC formed with trypanothione, suggesting a new mechanism of ISC binding and a novel function for the parasite-specific dithiol. The first 3D structure and in vivo relevance of a 1-C-Grx from a pathogenic protozoan are reported. CONCLUSION T. brucei 1-C-Grx1 is indispensable for mammalian parasitism and utilizes a new mechanism for ISC binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Manta
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Comini MA, Krauth-Siegel RL, Bellanda M. Mono- and dithiol glutaredoxins in the trypanothione-based redox metabolism of pathogenic trypanosomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:708-22. [PMID: 22978520 PMCID: PMC3739957 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutaredoxins are ubiquitous small thiol proteins of the thioredoxin-fold superfamily. Two major groups are distinguished based on their active sites: the dithiol (2-C-Grxs) and the monothiol (1-C-Grxs) glutaredoxins with a CXXC and a CXXS active site motif, respectively. Glutaredoxins are involved in cellular redox and/or iron sulfur metabolism. Usually their functions are closely linked to the glutathione system. Trypanosomatids, the causative agents of several tropical diseases, rely on trypanothione as principal low molecular mass thiol, and their glutaredoxins readily react with the unique bis(glutathionyl) spermidine conjugate. RECENT ADVANCES Two 2-C-Grxs and three 1-C-Grxs have been identified in pathogenic trypanosomatids. The 2-C-Grxs catalyze the reduction of glutathione disulfide by trypanothione and display reductase activity towards protein disulfides, as well as protein-glutathione mixed disulfides. In vitro, all three 1-C-Grxs as well as the cytosolic 2-C-Grx of Trypanosoma brucei can complex an iron-sulfur cluster. Recently the structure of the 1-C-Grx1 has been solved by NMR spectroscopy. The structure is very similar to those of other 1-C-Grxs, with some differences in the loop containing the conserved cis-Pro and the surface charge distribution. CRITICAL ISSUES Although four of the five trypanosomal glutaredoxins proved to coordinate an iron-sulfur cluster in vitro, the physiological role of the mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins, respectively, has only started to be unraveled. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The use of trypanothione by the glutaredoxins has established a novel role for this parasite-specific dithiol. Future work should reveal if these differences can be exploited for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Comini
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Structural insights into the N-terminal GIY-YIG endonuclease activity of Arabidopsis glutaredoxin AtGRXS16 in chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:9565-70. [PMID: 23690600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306899110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) have been identified across taxa as important mediators in various physiological functions. A chloroplastic monothiol glutaredoxin, AtGRXS16 from Arabidopsis thaliana, comprises two distinct functional domains, an N-terminal domain (NTD) with GlyIleTyr-TyrIleGly (GIY-YIG) endonuclease motif and a C-terminal Grx module, to coordinate redox regulation and DNA cleavage in chloroplasts. Structural determination of AtGRXS16-NTD showed that it possesses a GIY-YIG endonuclease fold, but the critical residues for the nuclease activity are different from typical GIY-YIG endonucleases. AtGRXS16-NTD was able to cleave λDNA and chloroplast genomic DNA, and the nuclease activity was significantly reduced in AtGRXS16. Functional analysis indicated that AtGRXS16-NTD could inhibit the ability of AtGRXS16 to suppress the sensitivity of yeast grx5 cells to oxidative stress; however, the C-terminal Grx domain itself and AtGRXS16 with a Cys123Ser mutation were active in these cells and able to functionally complement a Grx5 deficiency in yeast. Furthermore, the two functional domains were shown to be negatively regulated through the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. These findings unravel a manner of regulation for Grxs and provide insights into the mechanistic link between redox regulation and DNA metabolism in chloroplasts.
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15
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Min Yang Z, Chen J. A potential role of microRNAs in plant response to metal toxicity. Metallomics 2013; 5:1184-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Meyer Y, Belin C, Delorme-Hinoux V, Reichheld JP, Riondet C. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in plants: molecular mechanisms, crosstalks, and functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1124-60. [PMID: 22531002 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trx) and glutaredoxins (Grx) constitute families of thiol oxidoreductases. Our knowledge of Trx and Grx in plants has dramatically increased during the last decade. The release of the Arabidopsis genome sequence revealed an unexpectedly high number of Trx and Grx genes. The availability of several genomes of vascular and nonvascular plants allowed the establishment of a clear classification of the genes and the chronology of their appearance during plant evolution. Proteomic approaches have been developed that identified the putative Trx and Grx target proteins which are implicated in all aspects of plant growth, including basal metabolism, iron/sulfur cluster formation, development, adaptation to the environment, and stress responses. Analyses of the biochemical characteristics of specific Trx and Grx point to a strong specificity toward some target enzymes, particularly within plastidial Trx and Grx. In apparent contradiction with this specificity, genetic approaches show an absence of phenotype for most available Trx and Grx mutants, suggesting that redundancies also exist between Trx and Grx members. Despite this, the isolation of mutants inactivated in multiple genes and several genetic screens allowed the demonstration of the involvement of Trx and Grx in pathogen response, phytohormone pathways, and at several control points of plant development. Cytosolic Trxs are reduced by NADPH-thioredoxin reductase (NTR), while the reduction of Grx depends on reduced glutathione (GSH). Interestingly, recent development integrating biochemical analysis, proteomic data, and genetics have revealed an extensive crosstalk between the cytosolic NTR/Trx and GSH/Grx systems. This crosstalk, which occurs at multiple levels, reveals the high plasticity of the redox systems in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Meyer
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
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Yadav S, Kushwaha HR, Kumar K, Verma PK. Comparative structural modeling of a monothiol GRX from chickpea: Insight in iron–sulfur cluster assembly. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:266-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Glutathione regulates the transfer of iron-sulfur cluster from monothiol and dithiol glutaredoxins to apo ferredoxin. Protein Cell 2012; 3:714-21. [PMID: 22886498 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Holo glutaredoxin (Grx) is a homo-dimer that bridges a [2Fe-2S] cluster with two glutathione (GSH) ligands. In this study, both monothiol and dithiol holo Grxs are found capable of transferring their iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster to an apo ferredoxin (Fdx) through direct interaction, regardless of FeS cluster stability in holo Grxs. The ligand GSH molecules in holo Grxs are unstable and can be exchanged with free GSH, which inhibits the FeS cluster transfer from holo Grxs to apo Fdx. This phenomenon suggests a novel role of GSH in FeS cluster trafficking.
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Leeper T, Zhang S, Van Voorhis WC, Myler PJ, Varani G. Comparative analysis of glutaredoxin domains from bacterial opportunistic pathogens. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:1141-1147. [PMID: 21904064 PMCID: PMC3169416 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111012346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxin proteins (GLXRs) are essential components of the glutathione system that reductively detoxify substances such as arsenic and peroxides and are important in the synthesis of DNA via ribonucleotide reductases. NMR solution structures of glutaredoxin domains from two Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens, Brucella melitensis and Bartonella henselae, are presented. These domains lack the N-terminal helix that is frequently present in eukaryotic GLXRs. The conserved active-site cysteines adopt canonical proline/tyrosine-stabilized geometries. A difference in the angle of α-helix 2 relative to the β-sheet surface and the presence of an extended loop in the human sequence suggests potential regulatory regions and/or protein-protein interaction motifs. This observation is consistent with mutations in this region that suppress defects in GLXR-ribonucleotide reductase interactions. These differences between the human and bacterial forms are adjacent to the dithiol active site and may permit species-selective drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leeper
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Balk J, Pilon M. Ancient and essential: the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 16:218-26. [PMID: 21257336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are found in the plastids, mitochondria, cytosol and nucleus, where they are essential for numerous physiological and developmental processes. Recent mutant studies, mostly in Arabidopsis thaliana, have identified three pathways for the assembly of Fe-S clusters. The plastids harbor the SUF (sulfur mobilization) pathway and operate independently, whereas cluster assembly in the cytosol depends on the emerging CIA (cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly) pathway and mitochondria. The latter organelles use the ISC (iron-sulfur cluster) assembly pathway. In all three pathways the assembly process can be divided into a first stage where S and Fe are combined on a scaffold protein, and a second stage in which the Fe-S cluster is transferred to a target protein. The second stage might involve different carrier proteins with specialized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Balk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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