1
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Tasioula M, de Clermont Gallerande E, Theofanidis SA, Longo A, Lomachenko KA, Sahle C, Lemonidou AA. Tandem CO 2 Valorization and Ethane Dehydrogenation: Elucidating the Nature of Highly Selective Iron Oxide Active Sites. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tasioula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stavros A. Theofanidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124Thessaloniki, Greece
- AristEng S.à.r.l., 77, Rue de Merl, L-2146, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Longo
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000Grenoble, France
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, UOS Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146Palermo, Italy
| | - Kirill A. Lomachenko
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Christoph Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Angeliki A. Lemonidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124Thessaloniki, Greece
- Chemical Process & Energy Resource Institute, CPERI/CERTH, 57001Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Abstract
Major advances in X-ray sources including the development of circularly polarized and orbital angular momentum pulses make it possible to probe matter chirality at unprecedented energy regimes and with Ångström and femtosecond spatiotemporal resolutions. We survey the theory of stationary and time-resolved nonlinear chiral measurements that can be carried out in the X-ray regime using tabletop X-ray sources or large scale (XFEL, synchrotron) facilities. A variety of possible signals and their information content are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy R Rouxel
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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3
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Sahle CJ, de Clermont Gallerande E, Niskanen J, Longo A, Elbers M, Schroer MA, Sternemann C, Jahn S. Hydration in aqueous NaCl. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16075-16084. [PMID: 35735165 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic details about the hydration of ions in aqueous solutions are still debated due to the disordered and statistical nature of the hydration process. However, many processes from biology, physical chemistry to materials sciences rely on the complex interplay between solute and solvent. Oxygen K-edge X-ray excitation spectra provide a sensitive probe of the local atomic and electronic surrounding of the excited sites. We used ab initio molecular dynamics simulations together with extensive spectrum calculations to relate the features found in experimental oxygen K-edge spectra of a concentration series of aqueous NaCl with the induced structural changes upon solvation of the salt and distill the spectral fingerprints of the first hydration shells around the Na+- and Cl--ions. By this combined experimental and theoretical approach, we find the strongest spectral changes to indeed result from the first hydration shells of both ions and relate the observed shift of spectral weight from the post- to the main-edge to the origin of the post-edge as a shape resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Sahle
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, FR-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | | | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Alessandro Longo
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, FR-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Mirko Elbers
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandro Jahn
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, D-50674 Köln, Germany
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4
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Georgiou R, Sahle CJ, Sokaras D, Bernard S, Bergmann U, Rueff JP, Bertrand L. X-ray Raman Scattering: A Hard X-ray Probe of Complex Organic Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12977-13005. [PMID: 35737888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the characterization of organic systems via X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) and a step-by-step guidance for its application. We present the fundamentals of XRS required to use the technique and discuss the main parameters of the experimental set-ups to optimize spectral and spatial resolution while maximizing signal-to-background ratio. We review applications that target the analysis of mixtures of organic compounds, the identification of minor spectral features, and the spatial discrimination in heterogeneous systems. We discuss the recent development of the direct tomography technique, which utilizes the XRS process as a contrast mechanism for assessing the three-dimensional spatially resolved carbon chemistry of complex organic materials. We conclude by exposing the current limitations and provide an outlook on how to overcome some of the existing challenges and advance future developments and applications of this powerful technique for complex organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Georgiou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, MNHN, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Rajh A, Arčon I, Bučar K, Žitnik M, Petric M, Vizintin A, Bitenc J, Košir U, Dominko R, Gretarsson H, Sundermann M, Kavčič M. Characterization of Electrochemical Processes in Metal-Organic Batteries by X-ray Raman Spectroscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:5435-5442. [PMID: 35392436 PMCID: PMC8978279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS) is an emerging spectroscopic technique that utilizes inelastic scattering of hard X-rays to study X-ray absorption edges of low Z elements in bulk material. It was used to identify and quantify the amount of carbonyl bonds in a cathode sample, in order to track the redox reaction inside metal-organic batteries during the charge/discharge cycle. XRS was used to record the oxygen K-edge absorption spectra of organic polymer cathodes from different multivalent metal-organic batteries. The amount of carbonyl bond in each sample was determined by modeling the oxygen K-edge XRS spectra with the linear combination of two reference compounds that mimicked the fully charged and the fully discharged phases of the battery. To interpret experimental XRS spectra, theoretical calculations of oxygen K-edge absorption spectra based on density functional theory were performed. Overall, a good agreement between the amount of carbonyl bond present during different stages of battery cycle, calculated from linear combination of standards, and the amount obtained from electrochemical characterization based on measured capacity was achieved. The electrochemical mechanism in all studied batteries was confirmed to be a reduction of double carbonyl bond and the intermediate anion was identified with the help of theoretical calculations. X-ray Raman spectroscopy of the oxygen K-edge was shown to be a viable characterization technique for accurate tracking of the redox reaction inside metal-organic batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Rajh
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and
Physics, Jadranska ulica
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Arčon
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Bučar
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and
Physics, Jadranska ulica
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Žitnik
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and
Physics, Jadranska ulica
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Petric
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Zagreb, Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, Hallerova aleja 7, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Alen Vizintin
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Bitenc
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Košir
- University
of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Dominko
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hlynur Gretarsson
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Sundermann
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matjaž Kavčič
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and
Physics, Jadranska ulica
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Kvashnina KO, Butorin SM. High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at actinide M 4,5 and ligand K edges: what we know, what we want to know, and what we can know. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:327-342. [PMID: 34874022 PMCID: PMC8725612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have progressively recognized the role of electronic structures in the characterization of chemical properties for actinide containing materials. High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at the actinide M4,5 edges emerged as a promising direction because this method can probe actinide properties at the atomic level through the possibility of reducing the experimental spectral width below the natural core-hole lifetime broadening. Parallel to the technical developments of the X-ray method and experimental discoveries, theoretical models, describing the observed electronic structure phenomena, have also advanced. In this feature article, we describe the latest progress in the field of high-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at the actinide M4,5 and ligand K edges and we show that the methods are able to (a) provide fingerprint information on the actinide oxidation state and ground state characters (b) probe 5f occupancy, non-stoichiometry, defects, and ligand/metal ratio and (c) investigate the local symmetry and effects of the crystal field. We discuss the chemical aspects of the electronic structure in terms familiar to chemists and materials scientists and conclude with a brief description of new opportunities and approaches to improve the experimental methodology and theoretical analysis for f-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Tack P, De Pauw E, Tkalcec B, Longo A, Sahle CJ, Brenker F, Vincze L. Identification of the Calcium, Aluminum, and Magnesium Distribution within Millimeter-Sized Extraterrestrial Materials Using Nonresonant X-ray Raman Spectroscopy in Preparation for the Hayabusa2 Sample Return Mission. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14651-14658. [PMID: 34698490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nondestructive investigation of millimeter-sized meteoritic materials is often hindered by self-absorption effects. Using X-ray-based analytical methods, the information depth for many elements (Z < 30) is in the range of up to only a few hundred micrometers, and for low-Z elements (Z < 20), this is reduced even further to only a few tens of micrometers. However, the investigation of these low-Z elements, in particular calcium, aluminum, and magnesium, is of great importance to planetary geologists and cosmochemists, as these elements are regularly used to characterize and identify specific features of interest in extraterrestrial materials, especially primitive chondritic material. In this work, nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering from core electrons was performed at beamline ID20 of the ESRF in a direct tomography approach in order to visualize these low-Z elements within the millimeter-sized meteoritic samples. The obtained 3D elemental distribution volumes were compared to results from X-ray fluorescence-CT and absorption CT experiments and were found to be in good agreement. Additionally, several regions of interest could be identified within the inelastic scattering volumes, containing information that is not available through the other presented means. As such, the proposed approach presents a valuable tool for the nondestructive investigation of low-Z elemental distributions within millimeter-sized extraterrestrial materials, such as the samples of the Hayabusa2 sample return mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Tack
- X-ray Micro-spectroscopy and Imaging Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ella De Pauw
- X-ray Micro-spectroscopy and Imaging Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beverley Tkalcec
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Brenker
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Micro-spectroscopy and Imaging Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Fehse M, Iadecola A, Simonelli L, Longo A, Stievano L. The rise of X-ray spectroscopies for unveiling the functional mechanisms in batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23445-23465. [PMID: 34664565 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based techniques have been key tools in the discovery, understanding, and development of battery materials. In this review, some of the most suitable X-ray spectroscopy related techniques employed for addressing diverse scientific cases connected to battery science are highlighted. Furthermore, current shortcomings, intrinsic limitations, and ongoing challenges of individual techniques are pointed out, providing an outlook of future trends that are relevant to the battery research community. In particular, the ongoing development of next generation synchrotrons, machine learning algorithms for data analysis and combined theoretical/experimental approaches will enhance the already powerful assets of these advanced spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Iadecola
- Rééseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, Amiens, France
| | | | - Alessandro Longo
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.,Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, ISMN-CNR UOS di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stievano
- Rééseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS, Amiens, France.,ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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9
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Elbers M, Schmidt C, Sternemann C, Sahle CJ, Jahn S, Albers C, Sakrowski R, Gretarsson H, Sundermann M, Tolan M, Wilke M. Ion association in hydrothermal aqueous NaCl solutions: implications for the microscopic structure of supercritical water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14845-14856. [PMID: 34223594 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the microscopic structure of fluids and changes thereof with pressure and temperature is important for the understanding of chemistry and geochemical processes. In this work we investigate the influence of sodium chloride on the hydrogen-bond network in aqueous solution up to supercritical conditions. A combination of in situ X-ray Raman scattering and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations is used to probe the oxygen K-edge of the alkali halide aqueous solution in order to obtain unique information about the oxygen's local coordination around the ions, e.g. solvation-shell structure and the influence of ion pairing. The measured spectra exhibit systematic temperature dependent changes, which are entirely reproduced by calculations on the basis of structural snapshots obtained via ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Analysis of the simulated trajectories allowed us to extract detailed structural information. This combined analysis reveals a net destabilizing effect of the dissolved ions which is reduced with rising temperature. The observed increased formation of contact ion pairs and occurrence of larger polyatomic clusters at higher temperatures can be identified as a driving force behind the increasing structural similarity between the salt solution and pure water at elevated temperatures and pressures with drawback on the role of hydrogen bonding in the hot fluid. We discuss our findings in view of recent results on hot NaOH and HCl aqueous fluids and emphasize the importance of ion pairing in the interpretation of the microscopic structure of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Elbers
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Christoph J Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Sandro Jahn
- Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität zu Köln, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Albers
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Robin Sakrowski
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Hlynur Gretarsson
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Sundermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Metin Tolan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Max Wilke
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Cerantola V, Rosa AD, Konôpková Z, Torchio R, Brambrink E, Rack A, Zastrau U, Pascarelli S. New frontiers in extreme conditions science at synchrotrons and free electron lasers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:274003. [PMID: 33930892 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfd50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotrons and free electron lasers are unique facilities to probe the atomic structure and electronic properties of matter at extreme thermodynamical conditions. In this context, 'matter at extreme pressures and temperatures' was one of the science drivers for the construction of low emittance 4th generation synchrotron sources such as the Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and hard x-ray free electron lasers, such as the European x-ray free electron laser. These new user facilities combine static high pressure and dynamic shock compression experiments to outstanding high brilliance and submicron beams. This combination not only increases the data-quality but also enlarges tremendously the accessible pressure, temperature and density space. At the same time, the large spectrum of available complementary x-ray diagnostics for static and shock compression studies opens unprecedented insights into the state of matter at extremes. The article aims at highlighting a new horizon of scientific opportunities based on the synergy between extremely brilliant synchrotrons and hard x-ray free electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Cerantola
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Zuzana Konôpková
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Raffaella Torchio
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Erik Brambrink
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Rack
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Ulf Zastrau
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sakura Pascarelli
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
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11
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Lelong G, Cormier L, Hennet L, Michel F, Rueff JP, Ablett JM, Monaco G. Lithium Borates from the Glass to the Melt: A Temperature-Induced Structural Transformation Viewed from the Boron and Oxygen Atoms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:798-806. [PMID: 33401906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multiedge study of the local structure of lithium borate glasses and melts has been carried out using X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) as a function of temperature. Thanks to a wide range of compositions, from pure B2O3 up to the metaborate composition, we are able to finely interpret the modifications of the local environment of both the boron and oxygen atoms in terms of boron coordination number, formation of nonbridging oxygens (NBOs), and polymerization degree of the borate framework as a function of temperature and composition. A temperature-induced [4]B to [3]B conversion is observed above the glass transition temperature (Tg) from the glass to the melt from the triborate composition up to the metaborate composition. Two distinct melt structures are reported: a well-polymerized borate network-with few NBOs-below the triborate composition and a depolymerized borate network above the diborate composition with a rapid increase of the number of NBOs when Li2O is added. These two structurally distinct melts allow explaining the two dynamic regimes observed for lithium ion diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Lelong
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Cormier
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Louis Hennet
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation CNRS-UPR 3079, Orléans, France
| | - Florent Michel
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie/CNRS-UMR 7614, 75005 Paris, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - James M Ablett
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Giulio Monaco
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Moya-Cancino JG, Honkanen AP, van der Eerden AMJ, Oord R, Monai M, ten Have I, Sahle CJ, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM, de Groot FMF, Huotari S. In Situ X-ray Raman Scattering Spectroscopy of the Formation of Cobalt Carbides in a Co/TiO2 Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José G. Moya-Cancino
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ari-Pekka Honkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ad M. J. van der Eerden
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Oord
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Monai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris ten Have
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- Beamline ID20, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Higgins LJR, Sahle CJ, Balasubramanian M, Mishra B. X-ray Raman scattering for bulk chemical and structural insight into green carbon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18435-18446. [PMID: 32776038 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy is an emerging inelastic scattering technique which uses hard X-rays to study the X-ray absorption edges of low-Z elements (e.g. C, N, O) in bulk. This study applies XRS spectroscopy to pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbons. These materials are thermochemically-produced carbon from renewable resources and represent a route for the sustainable production of carbon materials for many applications. Results confirm local structural differences between biomass-derived (Oak, Quercus Ilex) pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbon. In comparison with NEXAFS, XRS spectroscopy has been shown to be more resilient to experimental artefacts such as self-absorption. Density functional theory XRS calculations of potential structural sub-units confirm that hydrothermal carbon is a highly disordered carbon material formed principally of furan units linked by the α carbon atoms. Comparison of two pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C and 650 °C) shows the development of an increasingly condensed carbon structure. Based on our results, we have proposed a semi-quantitative route to pyrolysis condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J R Higgins
- School of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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14
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Longo A, Theofanidis SA, Cavallari C, Srinath NV, Hu J, Poelman H, Sabbe MK, Sahle CJ, Marin GB, Galvita VV. What Makes Fe-Modified MgAl2O4 an Active Catalyst Support? Insight from X-ray Raman Scattering. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Longo
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology LCT, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, UOS Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cavallari
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jiawei Hu
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology LCT, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Poelman
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology LCT, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten K. Sabbe
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology LCT, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology LCT, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology LCT, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Sahle CJ, Schroer MA, Niskanen J, Elbers M, Jeffries CM, Sternemann C. Hydration in aqueous osmolyte solutions: the case of TMAO and urea. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11614-11624. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy and first principles simulations reveal details of the hydration and hydrogen-bond topology of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urea in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY
- Hamburg 22607
- Germany
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Turku
- FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto
- Finland
| | - Mirko Elbers
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- 44221 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Cy M. Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY
- Hamburg 22607
- Germany
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16
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Leedahl B, Sundermann M, Amorese A, Severing A, Gretarsson H, Zhang L, Komarek AC, Maignan A, Haverkort MW, Tjeng LH. Origin of Ising magnetism in Ca 3Co 2O 6 unveiled by orbital imaging. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5447. [PMID: 31784516 PMCID: PMC6884600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The one-dimensional cobaltate Ca\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{3}$$\end{document}3Co\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}$$\end{document}2O\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{6}$$\end{document}6 is an intriguing material having an unconventional magnetic structure, displaying quantum tunneling phenomena in its magnetization. Using a newly developed experimental method, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$s$$\end{document}s-core-level non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$s$$\end{document}s-NIXS), we were able to image the atomic Co \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$3d$$\end{document}3d orbital that is responsible for the Ising magnetism in this system. We can directly observe that corrections to the commonly accepted ideal prismatic trigonal crystal field scheme occur in Ca\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{3}$$\end{document}3Co\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{6}$$\end{document}6, and it is the complex \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${d}_{2}$$\end{document}d2 orbital occupied by the sixth electron at the high-spin Co\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{\,\text{trig}\,}^{3+}$$\end{document}trig3+ (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${d}^{6}$$\end{document}d6) sites that generates the Ising-like behavior. The ability to directly relate the orbital occupation with the local crystal structure is essential to model the magnetic properties of this system. Ca\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{3}$$\end{document}3Co\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{6}$$\end{document}6 has an unconventional magnetic structure displaying quantum tunnelling phenomena in its magnetization. Here, the authors use s-core-level non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to image the atomic Co 3d orbital that is responsible for the Ising magnetism in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Leedahl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Sundermann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Amorese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Severing
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hlynur Gretarsson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lunyong Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander C Komarek
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antoine Maignan
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR 6508 CNRS-ENSICAEN, 6 bd Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Maurits W Haverkort
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liu Hao Tjeng
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
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17
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Petitgirard S, Jacobs J, Cerantola V, Collings IE, Tucoulou R, Dubrovinsky L, Sahle CJ. A versatile diamond anvil cell for X-ray inelastic, diffraction and imaging studies at synchrotron facilities. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:095107. [PMID: 31575253 DOI: 10.1063/1.5119025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a new diamond anvil cell design, hereafter called mBX110, that combines both the advantages of a membrane and screws to generate high pressure. It enables studies at large-scale facilities for many synchrotron X-ray techniques and has the possibility to remotely control the pressure with the membrane as well as the use of the screws in the laboratory. It is fully compatible with various gas-loading systems as well as high/low temperature environments in the lab or at large scale facilities. The mBX110 possesses an opening angle of 85° suitable for single-crystal diffraction or Brillouin spectroscopy and a large side opening of 110° which can be used for X-ray inelastic techniques, such as X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy, but also for X-ray emission, X-ray fluorescence, or X-ray absorption. An even larger opening of 150° can be manufactured enabling X-ray imaging tomography. We report data obtained with the mBX110 on different beamlines with single-crystal diffraction of stishovite up to 55 GPa, X-ray powder diffraction of rutile-GeO2 and tungsten to 25 GPa and 280 GPa, respectively, X-Ray Raman spectra of the Si L-edge in silica to 95 GPa, and Fe Kβ X-ray emission spectra on a basalt glass to 17 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeroen Jacobs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Valerio Cerantola
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Ines E Collings
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Remi Tucoulou
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth D-95490, Germany
| | - Christoph J Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
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18
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Georgiou R, Gueriau P, Sahle CJ, Bernard S, Mirone A, Garrouste R, Bergmann U, Rueff JP, Bertrand L. Carbon speciation in organic fossils using 2D to 3D x-ray Raman multispectral imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw5019. [PMID: 31497643 PMCID: PMC6716953 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The in situ two-dimensional (2D) and 3D imaging of the chemical speciation of organic fossils is an unsolved problem in paleontology and cultural heritage. Here, we use x-ray Raman scattering (XRS)-based imaging at the carbon K-edge to form 2D and 3D images of the carbon chemistry in two exceptionally preserved specimens, a fossil plant dating back from the Carboniferous and an ancient insect entrapped in 53-million-year-old amber. The 2D XRS imaging of the plant fossil reveals a homogeneous chemical composition with micrometric "pockets" of preservation, likely inherited from its geological history. The 3D XRS imaging of the insect cuticle displays an exceptionally well preserved remaining chemical signature typical of polysaccharides such as chitin around a largely hollowed-out inclusion. Our results open up new perspectives for in situ chemical speciation imaging of fossilized organic materials, with the potential to enhance our understanding of organic specimens and their paleobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Georgiou
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la culture, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la culture, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- ESRF–The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Mirone
- ESRF–The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Garrouste
- Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 MNHN/CNRS/Sorbonne Univ./EPHE/Univ. Antilles, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique–Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la culture, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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19
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Compatibility of quantitative X-ray spectroscopy with continuous distribution models of water at ambient conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4058-4063. [PMID: 30782822 PMCID: PMC6410789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815701116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase diagram of water harbors controversial views on underlying structural properties of its constituting molecular moieties, its fluctuating hydrogen-bonding network, as well as pair-correlation functions. In this work, long energy-range detection of the X-ray absorption allows us to unambiguously calibrate the spectra for water gas, liquid, and ice by the experimental atomic ionization cross-section. In liquid water, we extract the mean value of 1.74 ± 2.1% donated and accepted hydrogen bonds per molecule, pointing to a continuous-distribution model. In addition, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with unprecedented energy resolution also supports continuous distribution of molecular neighborhoods within liquid water, as do X-ray emission spectra once the femtosecond scattering duration and proton dynamics in resonant X-ray-matter interaction are taken into account. Thus, X-ray spectra of liquid water in ambient conditions can be understood without a two-structure model, whereas the occurrence of nanoscale-length correlations within the continuous distribution remains open.
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20
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Ketenoglu D, Spiekermann G, Harder M, Oz E, Koz C, Yagci MC, Yilmaz E, Yin Z, Sahle CJ, Detlefs B, Yavaş H. X-ray Raman spectroscopy of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions in a flow cell. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:537-542. [PMID: 29488934 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of varying LiPF6 salt concentration and the presence of lithium bis(oxalate)borate additive on the electronic structure of commonly used lithium-ion battery electrolyte solvents (ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate and propylene carbonate) have been investigated. X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy (a non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering method) was utilized together with a closed-circle flow cell. Carbon and oxygen K-edges provide characteristic information on the electronic structure of the electrolyte solutions, which are sensitive to local chemistry. Higher Li+ ion concentration in the solvent manifests itself as a blue-shift of both the π* feature in the carbon edge and the carbonyl π* feature in the oxygen edge. While these oxygen K-edge results agree with previous soft X-ray absorption studies on LiBF4 salt concentration in propylene carbonate, carbon K-edge spectra reveal a shift in energy, which can be explained with differing ionic conductivities of the electrolyte solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ketenoglu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Georg Spiekermann
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Erdinc Oz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Cevriye Koz
- Department of Physics, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Mehmet C Yagci
- Institute of Energy Systems Technology (INES), Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg 77652, Germany
| | - Eda Yilmaz
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zhong Yin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - Blanka Detlefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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21
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Sahle CJ, Schroer MA, Jeffries CM, Niskanen J. Hydration in aqueous solutions of ectoine and hydroxyectoine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27917-27923. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We explore the influence of the two osmolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine on the structure of pure water and aqueous NaCl solutions using non-resonant X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J. Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs
- 38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Cy M. Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- University of Turku
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- FI-20014 Turun yliopisto
- Finland
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22
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Sahle CJ, Niskanen J, Schmidt C, Stefanski J, Gilmore K, Forov Y, Jahn S, Wilke M, Sternemann C. Cation Hydration in Supercritical NaOH and HCl Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11383-11389. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J. Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str.
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Section 4.3, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Johannes Stefanski
- Institute
of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher
Strasse 49b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Keith Gilmore
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yury Forov
- Fakultät
Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandro Jahn
- Institute
of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher
Strasse 49b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Max Wilke
- Institute
of Earth and Environmental Science-Earth Science, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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23
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Weis C, Sternemann C, Cerantola V, Sahle CJ, Spiekermann G, Harder M, Forov Y, Kononov A, Sakrowski R, Yavaş H, Tolan M, Wilke M. Pressure driven spin transition in siderite and magnesiosiderite single crystals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16526. [PMID: 29184152 PMCID: PMC5705641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-bearing carbonates are candidate phases for carbon storage in the deep Earth and may play an important role for the Earth's carbon cycle. To elucidate the properties of carbonates at conditions of the deep Earth, we investigated the pressure driven magnetic high spin to low spin transition of synthetic siderite FeCO3 and magnesiosiderite (Mg0.74Fe0.26)CO3 single crystals for pressures up to 57 GPa using diamond anvil cells and x-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy to directly probe the iron 3d electron configuration. An extremely sharp transition for siderite single crystal occurs at a notably low pressure of 40.4 ± 0.1 GPa with a transition width of 0.7 GPa when using the very soft pressure medium helium. In contrast, we observe a broadening of the transition width to 4.4 GPa for siderite with a surprising additional shift of the transition pressure to 44.3 ± 0.4 GPa when argon is used as pressure medium. The difference is assigned to larger pressure gradients in case of argon. For magnesiosiderite loaded with argon, the transition occurs at 44.8 ± 0.8 GPa showing similar width as siderite. Hence, no compositional effect on the spin transition pressure is observed. The spectra measured within the spin crossover regime indicate coexistence of regions of pure high- and low-spin configuration within the single crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weis
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany.
| | - Christian Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Valerio Cerantola
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Christoph J Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Georg Spiekermann
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Yury Forov
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Alexander Kononov
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Robin Sakrowski
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Metin Tolan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Max Wilke
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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24
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Gueriau P, Rueff JP, Bernard S, Kaddissy JA, Goler S, Sahle CJ, Sokaras D, Wogelius RA, Manning PL, Bergmann U, Bertrand L. Noninvasive Synchrotron-Based X-ray Raman Scattering Discriminates Carbonaceous Compounds in Ancient and Historical Materials. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10819-10826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gueriau
- IPANEMA, CNRS, Ministère
de la Culture, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sorbonne Universités,
UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie
Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- IMPMC,
CNRS UMR
7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Josiane A. Kaddissy
- IPANEMA, CNRS, Ministère
de la Culture, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sarah Goler
- Columbia
Nano Initiative, Columbia University, 530 West 120th Street, MC8903 1001
CEPSR, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Roy A. Wogelius
- University of Manchester, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science & Interdisciplinary Centre for Ancient Life, Manchester M139PL, U.K
| | - Phillip L. Manning
- Department
of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M139PL, U.K
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- IPANEMA, CNRS, Ministère
de la Culture, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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25
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Joly Y, Cavallari C, Guda SA, Sahle CJ. Full-Potential Simulation of X-ray Raman Scattering Spectroscopy. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2172-2177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Joly
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes & CNRS, Institut NÉEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Cavallari
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Sergey A. Guda
- Institute
for Mathematics, Mechanics, and Computer Science, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
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26
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Huotari S, Sahle CJ, Henriquet C, Al-Zein A, Martel K, Simonelli L, Verbeni R, Gonzalez H, Lagier MC, Ponchut C, Moretti Sala M, Krisch M, Monaco G. A large-solid-angle X-ray Raman scattering spectrometer at ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:521-530. [PMID: 28244449 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An end-station for X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at beamline ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is described. This end-station is dedicated to the study of shallow core electronic excitations using non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. The spectrometer has 72 spherically bent analyzer crystals arranged in six modular groups of 12 analyzer crystals each for a combined maximum flexibility and large solid angle of detection. Each of the six analyzer modules houses one pixelated area detector allowing for X-ray Raman scattering based imaging and efficient separation of the desired signal from the sample and spurious scattering from the often used complicated sample environments. This new end-station provides an unprecedented instrument for X-ray Raman scattering, which is a spectroscopic tool of great interest for the study of low-energy X-ray absorption spectra in materials under in situ conditions, such as in operando batteries and fuel cells, in situ catalytic reactions, and extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huotari
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ch J Sahle
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ch Henriquet
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Al-Zein
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Martel
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - L Simonelli
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - R Verbeni
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - H Gonzalez
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M C Lagier
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C Ponchut
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M Moretti Sala
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M Krisch
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - G Monaco
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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27
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Sahle CJ, Mirone A, Vincent T, Kallonen A, Huotari S. Improving the spatial and statistical accuracy in X-ray Raman scattering based direct tomography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:476-481. [PMID: 28244443 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An algorithm to simultaneously increase the spatial and statistical accuracy of X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) based tomographic images is presented. Tomography that utilizes XRS spectroscopy signals as a contrast for the images is a new and promising tool for investigating local atomic structure and chemistry in heterogeneous samples. The algorithm enables the spatial resolution to be increased based on a deconvolution of the optical response function of the spectrometer and, most importantly, it allows for the combination of data collected from multiple analyzers and thus enhances the statistical accuracy of the measured images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch J Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Mirone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Vincent
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Kallonen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Petitgirard S, Spiekermann G, Weis C, Sahle C, Sternemann C, Wilke M. Miniature diamond anvils for X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy experiments at high pressure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:276-282. [PMID: 28009567 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516017112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy is an inelastic scattering method that uses hard X-rays of the order of 10 keV to measure energy-loss spectra at absorption edges of light elements (Si, Mg, O etc.), with an energy resolution below 1 eV. The high-energy X-rays employed with this technique can penetrate thick or dense sample containers such as the diamond anvils employed in high-pressure cells. Here, we describe the use of custom-made conical miniature diamond anvils of less than 500 µm thickness which allow pressure generation of up to 70 GPa. This set-up overcomes the limitations of the XRS technique in very high-pressure measurements (>10 GPa) by drastically improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The conical shape of the base of the diamonds gives a 70° opening angle, enabling measurements in both low- and high-angle scattering geometry. This reduction of the diamond thickness to one-third of the classical diamond anvils considerably lowers the attenuation of the incoming and the scattered beams and thus enhances the signal-to-noise ratio significantly. A further improvement of the signal-to-background ratio is obtained by a recess of ∼20 µm that is milled in the culet of the miniature anvils. This recess increases the sample scattering volume by a factor of three at a pressure of 60 GPa. Examples of X-ray Raman spectra collected at the O K-edge and Si L-edge in SiO2 glass at high pressures up to 47 GPa demonstrate the significant improvement and potential for spectroscopic studies of low-Z elements at high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Petitgirard
- University of Bayreuth, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitätsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Weis
- Fakultät Physik / DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Christian Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik / DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Max Wilke
- Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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29
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Sahle CJ, Rosa AD, Rossi M, Cerantola V, Spiekermann G, Petitgirard S, Jacobs J, Huotari S, Moretti Sala M, Mirone A. Direct tomography imaging for inelastic X-ray scattering experiments at high pressure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:269-275. [PMID: 28009566 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516017100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A method to separate the non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering signal of a micro-metric sample contained inside a diamond anvil cell (DAC) from the signal originating from the high-pressure sample environment is described. Especially for high-pressure experiments, the parasitic signal originating from the diamond anvils, the gasket and/or the pressure medium can easily obscure the sample signal or even render the experiment impossible. Another severe complication for high-pressure non-resonant inelastic X-ray measurements, such as X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy, can be the proximity of the desired sample edge energy to an absorption edge energy of elements constituting the DAC. It is shown that recording the scattered signal in a spatially resolved manner allows these problems to be overcome by separating the sample signal from the spurious scattering of the DAC without constraints on the solid angle of detection. Furthermore, simple machine learning algorithms facilitate finding the corresponding detector pixels that record the sample signal. The outlined experimental technique and data analysis approach are demonstrated by presenting spectra of the Si L2,3-edge and O K-edge of compressed α-quartz. The spectra are of unprecedented quality and both the O K-edge and the Si L2,3-edge clearly show the existence of a pressure-induced phase transition between 10 and 24 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch J Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A D Rosa
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Rossi
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - V Cerantola
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Spiekermann
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Petitgirard
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J Jacobs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Huotari
- Department of Physics, POB 64, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Moretti Sala
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Mirone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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30
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Britz A, Assefa TA, Galler A, Gawelda W, Diez M, Zalden P, Khakhulin D, Fernandes B, Gessler P, Sotoudi Namin H, Beckmann A, Harder M, Yavaş H, Bressler C. A multi-MHz single-shot data acquisition scheme with high dynamic range: pump-probe X-ray experiments at synchrotrons. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:1409-1423. [PMID: 27787247 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516012625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The technical implementation of a multi-MHz data acquisition scheme for laser-X-ray pump-probe experiments with pulse limited temporal resolution (100 ps) is presented. Such techniques are very attractive to benefit from the high-repetition rates of X-ray pulses delivered from advanced synchrotron radiation sources. Exploiting a synchronized 3.9 MHz laser excitation source, experiments in 60-bunch mode (7.8 MHz) at beamline P01 of the PETRA III storage ring are performed. Hereby molecular systems in liquid solutions are excited by the pulsed laser source and the total X-ray fluorescence yield (TFY) from the sample is recorded using silicon avalanche photodiode detectors (APDs). The subsequent digitizer card samples the APD signal traces in 0.5 ns steps with 12-bit resolution. These traces are then processed to deliver an integrated value for each recorded single X-ray pulse intensity and sorted into bins according to whether the laser excited the sample or not. For each subgroup the recorded single-shot values are averaged over ∼107 pulses to deliver a mean TFY value with its standard error for each data point, e.g. at a given X-ray probe energy. The sensitivity reaches down to the shot-noise limit, and signal-to-noise ratios approaching 1000 are achievable in only a few seconds collection time per data point. The dynamic range covers 100 photons pulse-1 and is only technically limited by the utilized APD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Diez
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Zalden
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (PETRA III), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (PETRA III), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Sahle CJ, Sternemann C, Giacobbe C, Yan Y, Weis C, Harder M, Forov Y, Spiekermann G, Tolan M, Krisch M, Remhof A. Formation of CaB6 in the thermal decomposition of the hydrogen storage material Ca(BH4)2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19866-72. [PMID: 27389481 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of high resolution X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at the B K- and Ca L2,3-edges, we analyzed the reaction products of Ca(BH4)2 after annealing at 350 °C and 400 °C under vacuum conditions. We observed the formation of nanocrystalline/amorphous CaB6 mainly and found only small contributions from amorphous B for annealing times larger than 2 h. For short annealing times of 0.5 h at 400 °C we observed neither CaB12H12 nor CaB6. The results indicate a reaction pathway in which Ca(BH4)2 decomposes to B and CaH2 and finally reacts to form CaB6. These findings confirm the potential of using Ca(BH4)2 as a hydrogen storage medium and imply the desired cycling capabilities for achieving high-density hydrogen storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Carlotta Giacobbe
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Yigang Yan
- Materials for Energy Conversion, Empa, Ch-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Weis
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Manuel Harder
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yury Forov
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Georg Spiekermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany and Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Section 3.3, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Metin Tolan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Michael Krisch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Arndt Remhof
- Materials for Energy Conversion, Empa, Ch-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland and Crystallography, Institute for Geo- and Environmental Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, D-79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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32
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Lehmkühler F, Forov Y, Büning T, Sahle CJ, Steinke I, Julius K, Buslaps T, Tolan M, Hakala M, Sternemann C. Intramolecular structure and energetics in supercooled water down to 255 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6925-30. [PMID: 26881494 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07721d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the structure and energetics of supercooled water by means of X-ray Raman and Compton scattering. Under supercooled conditions down to 255 K, the oxygen K-edge measured by X-ray Raman scattering suggests an increase of tetrahedral order similar to the conventional temperature effect observed in non-supercooled water. Compton profile differences indicate contributions beyond the theoretically predicted temperature effect and provide a deeper insight into local structural changes. These contributions suggest a decrease of the electron mean kinetic energy by 3.3 ± 0.7 kJ (mol K)(-1) that cannot be modeled within established water models. Our surprising results emphasize the need for water models that capture in detail the intramolecular structural changes and quantum effects to explain this complex liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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33
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Sahle CJ, Kujawski S, Remhof A, Yan Y, Stadie NP, Al-Zein A, Tolan M, Huotari S, Krisch M, Sternemann C. In situ characterization of the decomposition behavior of Mg(BH4)2 by X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5397-403. [PMID: 26818950 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present an in situ study of the thermal decomposition of Mg(BH4)2 in a hydrogen atmosphere of up to 4 bar and up to 500 °C using X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at the boron K-edge and the magnesium L2,3-edges. The combination of the fingerprinting analysis of both edges yields detailed quantitative information on the reaction products during decomposition, an issue of crucial importance in determining whether Mg(BH4)2 can be used as a next-generation hydrogen storage material. This work reveals the formation of reaction intermediate(s) at 300 °C, accompanied by a significant hydrogen release without the occurrence of stable boron compounds such as amorphous boron or MgB12H12. At temperatures between 300 °C and 400 °C, further hydrogen release proceeds via the formation of higher boranes and crystalline MgH2. Above 400 °C, decomposition into the constituting elements takes place. Therefore, at moderate temperatures, Mg(BH4)2 is shown to be a promising high-density hydrogen storage material with great potential for reversible energy storage applications.
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34
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Sahle CJ, Schroer MA, Juurinen I, Niskanen J. Influence of TMAO and urea on the structure of water studied by inelastic X-ray scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16518-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01922f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a study on the influence of the naturally occurring organic osmolytes tri-methylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urea on the bulk structure of water using X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI)
- 22761 Hamburg
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35
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Inkinen J, Niskanen J, Talka T, Sahle CJ, Müller H, Khriachtchev L, Hashemi J, Akbari A, Hakala M, Huotari S. X-ray induced dimerization of cinnamic acid: Time-resolved inelastic X-ray scattering study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15851. [PMID: 26568420 PMCID: PMC4644965 DOI: 10.1038/srep15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A classic example of solid-state topochemical reactions is the ultraviolet-light induced photodimerization of α-trans-cinnamic acid (CA). Here, we report the first observation of an X-ray-induced dimerization of CA and monitor it in situ using nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy (NRIXS). The time-evolution of the carbon core-electron excitation spectra shows the effects of two X-ray induced reactions: dimerization on a short time-scale and disintegration on a long time-scale. We used spectrum simulations of CA and its dimerization product, α-truxillic acid (TA), to gain insight into the dimerization effects. From the time-resolved spectra, we extracted component spectra and time-dependent weights corresponding to CA and TA. The results suggest that the X-ray induced dimerization proceeds homogeneously in contrast to the dimerization induced by ultraviolet light. We also utilized the ability of NRIXS for direct tomography with chemical-bond contrast to image the spatial progress of the reactions in the sample crystal. Our work paves the way for other time-resolved studies on chemical reactions using inelastic X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Inkinen
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Talka
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christoph J Sahle
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Harald Müller
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Leonid Khriachtchev
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Javad Hashemi
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Hakala
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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36
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Sahle CJ, Henriquet C, Schroer MA, Juurinen I, Niskanen J, Krisch M. A miniature closed-circle flow cell for high photon flux X-ray scattering experiments. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1555-1558. [PMID: 26524322 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515016331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A closed-circle miniature flow cell for high X-ray photon flux experiments on radiation-sensitive liquid samples is presented. The compact cell is made from highly inert material and the flow is induced by a rotating magnetic stir bar, which acts as a centrifugal pump inside the cell. The cell is ideal for radiation-sensitive yet precious or hazardous liquid samples, such as concentrated acids or bases. As a demonstration of the cell's capabilities, X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy data on the oxygen K-edge of liquid water under ambient conditions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch J Sahle
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C Henriquet
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Juurinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Niskanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Krisch
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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