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Kallio AJ, Weiß A, Bes R, Heikkilä MJ, Ritala M, Kemell M, Huotari S. Laboratory-scale X-ray absorption spectroscopy of 3d transition metals in inorganic thin films. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18593-18602. [PMID: 36444942 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present laboratory-scale X-ray absorption spectroscopy applied to the research of nanometer-scale thin films. We demonstrate the Cu K edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of CuI and CuO thin films grown with atomic layer deposition. Film thicknesses in the investigated samples ranged from 12 to 248 nm. Even from the thinnest films, XANES spectra can be obtained in 5-20 minutes and EXAFS in 1-4 days. In order to prove the capability of laboratory-based XAS for in situ measurements on thin films, we demonstrate an experiment on in situ oxidation of a 248 nm thick CuI film at a temperature of 240 °C. These methods have important implications for novel and enhanced possibilities for inorganic thin film research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Weiß
- Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 55, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rene Bes
- Department of Physics, P.O.Box 64, University of Helsinki, Finland. .,Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O.Box 64, Finland
| | - Mikko J Heikkilä
- Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 55, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 55, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 55, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, P.O.Box 64, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Genz NS, Kallio A, Oord R, Krumeich F, Pokle A, Prytz Ø, Olsbye U, Meirer F, Huotari S, Weckhuysen BM. Operando Laboratory-Based Multi-Edge X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy of Solid Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209334. [PMID: 36205032 PMCID: PMC9828672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and especially X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) offers new opportunities in catalyst characterization and presents not only an alternative, but also a complementary approach to precious beamtime at synchrotron facilities. We successfully designed a laboratory-based setup for performing operando, quasi-simultaneous XANES analysis at multiple K-edges, more specifically, operando XANES of mono-, bi-, and trimetallic CO2 hydrogenation catalysts containing Ni, Fe, and Cu. Detailed operando XANES studies of the multielement solid catalysts revealed metal-dependent differences in the reducibility and re-oxidation behavior and their influence on the catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation. The applicability of operando laboratory-based XANES at multiple K-edges paves the way for advanced multielement catalyst characterization complementing detailed studies at synchrotron facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S. Genz
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Antti‐Jussi Kallio
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiP. O. Box 6400014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ramon Oord
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Anuj Pokle
- Department of PhysicsCenter for Materials Science and NanotechnologyUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 10480316OsloNorway
| | - Øystein Prytz
- Department of PhysicsCenter for Materials Science and NanotechnologyUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 10480316OsloNorway
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 10330315OsloNorway
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiP. O. Box 6400014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Seddon-Ferretti ME, Mottram LM, Stennett MC, Corkhill CL, Hyatt NC. HERMES - a GUI-based software tool for pre-processing of X-ray absorption spectroscopy data from laboratory Rowland circle spectrometers. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:276-279. [PMID: 34985445 PMCID: PMC8733975 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521012583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
HERMES, a graphical user interface software tool, is presented, for pre-processing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data from laboratory Rowland circle spectrometers, to meet the data handling needs of a growing community of practice. HERMES enables laboratory XAS data to be displayed for quality assessment, merging of data sets, polynomial fitting of smoothly varying data, and correction of data to the true energy scale and for dead-time and leakage effects. The software is written in Java 15 programming language, and runs on major computer operating systems, with graphics implementation using the JFreeChart toolkit. HERMES is freely available and distributed under an open source licence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E. Seddon-Ferretti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield S1 4DP, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M. Mottram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C. Stennett
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Corkhill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Hyatt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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Huang J, Günther B, Achterhold K, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. Simultaneous two-color X-ray absorption spectroscopy using Laue crystals at an inverse-compton scattering X-ray facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1874-1880. [PMID: 34738942 PMCID: PMC8570203 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an element-selective technique that provides electronic and structural information of materials and reveals the essential mechanisms of the reactions involved. However, the technique is typically conducted at synchrotrons and usually only probes one element at a time. In this paper, a simultaneous two-color XAS setup at a laboratory-scale synchrotron facility is proposed based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS) at the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS), which is based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS). The setup utilizes two silicon crystals in a Laue geometry. A proof-of-principle experiment is presented where both silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra were simultaneously measured. The simplicity of the setup facilitates its migration to other ICS facilities or maybe to other X-ray sources (e.g. a bending-magnet beamline). Such a setup has the potential to study reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of chemical systems containing multiple elements of interest, such as a bimetallic catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Bes R, Takala S, Huotari S. Harmonics as an alternative method for measuring I 0 during x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments at laboratory scale. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:043106. [PMID: 34243462 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, the advent of an efficient and compact laboratory-scale spectrometer for x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments has been extensively reported in the literature. Such modern instruments offer the advantage to routinely use x-ray absorption spectroscopy on systematic studies, which is usually unconceivable at synchrotron radiation source facilities due to often limited time access. However, one limiting factor is the fact that due to laboratory x-ray source brightness compared to a synchrotron, two separate measures of the incoming and transmitted x-ray intensities, i.e., the so-called I0 and I1, respectively, are usually required. Herein, we introduce and discuss an alternative approach for measuring I0 and I1 simultaneously. Based on the usage of harmonics arising naturally from the use of monochromator crystals, the reliability and robustness of our proposed approach is demonstrated through experiments at the Co K-edge measured using Co metal foil and at the Nd L3-edge measured in Nd2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Bes
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Takala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Laboratory Operando XAS Study of Sodium Iron Titanite Cathode in the Li-Ion Half-Cell. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010156. [PMID: 33435502 PMCID: PMC7826646 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical characterization of the novel sodium iron titanate Na0.9Fe0.45Ti1.55O4 was performed upon cycling in the Li-ion half-cell. The material exhibited stable cycling in the voltage range 2–4.5 V, and the number of alkali ions extracted per formula unit was approximately half of the Na stoichiometry value. Using laboratory X-ray absorption spectrometry, we measured operando Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectra in the first 10 charge–discharge cycles and quantified the portion of charge associated with the transition metal redox reaction. Although 3d metals are commonly accepted redox-active centers in the intercalation process, we found that in all cycles the amount of oxidized and reduced Fe ions was almost 20% less than the total number of transferred electrons. Using density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we show that part of the reversible capacity is related to the redox reaction on oxygen ions.
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