1
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Exceptionally high work density of a ferroelectric dynamic organic crystal around room temperature. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2823. [PMID: 35595845 PMCID: PMC9123006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic organic crystals are rapidly gaining traction as a new class of smart materials for energy conversion, however, they are only capable of very small strokes (<12%) and most of them operate through energetically cost-prohibitive processes at high temperatures. We report on the exceptional performance of an organic actuating material with exceedingly large stroke that can reversibly convert energy into work around room temperature. When transitioning at 295–305 K on heating and at 265–275 K on cooling the ferroelectric crystals of guanidinium nitrate exert a linear stroke of 51%, the highest value observed with a reversible operation of an organic single crystal actuator. Their maximum force density is higher than electric cylinders, ceramic piezoactuators, and electrostatic actuators, and their work capacity is close to that of thermal actuators. This work demonstrates the hitherto untapped potential of ionic organic crystals for applications such as light-weight capacitors, dielectrics, ferroelectric tunnel junctions, and thermistors. Organic electronics requires dynamic materials, however, most of them have small strokes and operate at high temperatures. Here, the authors describe organic crystal that repeatedly expands and contracts nearly half its length around room temperature.
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2
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Mechanically robust amino acid crystals as fiber-optic transducers and wide bandpass filters for optical communication in the near-infrared. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1326. [PMID: 33637707 PMCID: PMC7910442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic crystals are emerging as mechanically compliant, light-weight and chemically versatile alternatives to the commonly used silica and polymer waveguides. However, the previously reported organic crystals were shown to be able to transmit visible light, whereas actual implementation in telecommunication devices requires transparency in the near-infrared spectral range. Here we demonstrate that single crystals of the amino acid L-threonine could be used as optical waveguides and filters with high mechanical and thermal robustness for transduction of signals in the telecommunications range. On their (00\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\bar 1$$\end{document}1¯) face, crystals of this material have an extraordinarily high Young’s modulus (40.95 ± 1.03 GPa) and hardness (1.98 ± 0.11 GPa) for an organic crystal. First-principles density functional theory calculations, used in conjunction with analysis of the energy frameworks to correlate the structure with the anisotropy in the Young’s modulus, showed that the high stiffness arises as a consequence of the strong charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between the zwitterions. The crystals have low optical loss in the O, E, S and C bands of the spectrum (1250−1600 nm), while they effectively block infrared light below 1200 nm. This property favors these and possibly other related organic crystals as all-organic fiber-optic waveguides and filters for transduction of information. Fiber-optics based on organic crystals could have potential for unique telecommunications applications but typically transmit visible wavelengths. Here the authors present mechanically robust organic crystals with favourable optical properties across the main telecommunication bands in the near-infrared.
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3
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Rather SA, Saha BK. Understanding the elastic bending mechanism in a 9,10-anthraquinone crystal through thermal expansion study. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermal expansion study has been used to understand the mechanism of elastic bending in 9,10-anthraquinone. Expansion along the bending axis due to bending is expected to resemble the thermal expansion along the same direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumair A. Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605014, India
| | - Binoy K. Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605014, India
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4
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Echeverri M, Ruiz C, Gómez-Lor B. A high contrast mechanochromic luminescent diacetylene-linked bis-benzothiadiazole derivative. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00462j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A rod-shaped self-assembling diacetylene-linked bis-benzothiadiazole derivative presents a high contrast luminescence phase transformation upon shearing which is reversed upon heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Echeverri
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Gómez-Lor
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Naim K, Singh M, Sharma S, Nair RV, Venugopalan P, Chandra Sahoo S, Neelakandan PP. Exceptionally Plastic/Elastic Organic Crystals of a Naphthalidenimine-Boron Complex Show Flexible Optical Waveguide Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:11979-11984. [PMID: 32618379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The design of molecular compounds that exhibit flexibility is an emerging area of research. Although a fair amount of success has been achieved in the design of plastic or elastic crystals, realizing multidimensional plastic and elastic bending remains challenging. We report herein a naphthalidenimine-boron complex that showed size-dependent dual mechanical bending behavior whereas its parent Schiff base was brittle. Detailed crystallographic and spectroscopic analysis revealed the importance of boron in imparting the interesting mechanical properties. Furthermore, the luminescence of the molecule was turned-on subsequent to boron complexation, thereby allowing it to be explored for multimode optical waveguide applications. Our in-depth study of the size-dependent plastic and elastic bending of the crystals thus provides important insights in molecular engineering and could act as a platform for the development of future smart flexible materials for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Naim
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University (PU), Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Laboratory for Nano-scale Optics and Meta-materials (LaNOM), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh V Nair
- Laboratory for Nano-scale Optics and Meta-materials (LaNOM), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Paloth Venugopalan
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University (PU), Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Prakash P Neelakandan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, India
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6
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Samanta R, Kitagawa D, Mondal A, Bhattacharya M, Annadhasan M, Mondal S, Chandrasekar R, Kobatake S, Reddy CM. Mechanical Actuation and Patterning of Rewritable Crystalline Monomer-Polymer Heterostructures via Topochemical Polymerization in a Dual-Responsive Photochromic Organic Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16856-16863. [PMID: 32162514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dark-orange monomer single crystals of 1,1'-dioxo-1H-2,2'-biindene-3,3'-diyldidodecanoate (BIT-dodeca2) convert to a transparent single-crystalline polymer (PBIT-dodeca2) material via a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) polymerization reaction under sunlight, which then undergoes reverse thermal transformation into BIT-dodeca2 single crystals, leading to reversible photo-/thermochromism, coupled with mechanical actuation. We exploit the properties of this unique material to demonstrate the formation of monomer-polymer heterostructures in selected regions of single crystals with micrometer-scale precision using a laser. This is the first example of heterostructure patterning involving monomer-polymer domains in single crystals. We reveal that the speed of photomechanical bending induced by the polymerization reaction in this example is comparable to those of the well-known diarylethene derivatives, in which electrocyclic ring-closing-ring-opening reactions operate. Furthermore, we characterize the distinct mechanical properties of the monomer and polymer using a quantitative nanoindentation technique as well as demonstrate photopatterning on a monomer-coated paper for potential use in security devices. These crystals with several advantages, such as photomechanical bending (weight lifting) even when the crystal size is large, responsiveness to both UV and visible light, distinct solubilities (the polymer is insoluble, whereas the monomer is soluble in most organic solvents) and colors, provide unique opportunities for their use at different length scales of the sample (μm to mm) for various purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Samanta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal741246, India
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Amit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal741246, India
| | - Manjima Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal741246, India
| | - Mari Annadhasan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal741246, India
| | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal741246, India
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7
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Echeverri M, Ruiz C, Gámez-Valenzuela S, Alonso-Navarro M, Gutierrez-Puebla E, Serrano JL, Ruiz Delgado MC, Gómez-Lor B. Stimuli-Responsive Benzothiadiazole Derivative as a Dopant for Rewritable Polymer Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10929-10937. [PMID: 32043874 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new rod-shaped benzothiadiazole fluorophore, namely, 4,7-di-(4-nonylphenyl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, which strongly emits fluorescence both in solution and in solid state has been synthesized, and its photophysical properties were rationalized with the help of density functional theory calculations. This molecule crystallizes in two distinct light-emitting crystalline phases, which can be interconverted in response to pressure, temperature, and solvent vapors. Powder X-ray diffraction indicates that in both polymorph, molecules adopt a lamellar packing, the different interlayer spacing being the main difference between the two structures. Single-crystal analysis of one of the polymorphs allows us to identify weak interaction planes, which presumably facilitates the polymorphic transformation through mechanically or thermally induced sliding processes. The polymorphic transformation and the origin of the switchable fluorescence have been rationalized through a spectroscopic and theoretical study. This study suggests that the different colors observed are due to different intermolecular aromatic interactions owing to the displacement of the molecules with respect to the layer normal. Interestingly, blending this molecule with a biodegradable polymer such as poly(vinyl alcohol) gives rise to a thermally activated reversible switchable fluorescent system, which entitles this material as an attractive candidate for technological applications, such as thermal sensors, security inks, or rewritable paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Echeverri
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José L Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Berta Gómez-Lor
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Sarma P, Patir K, Sarmah KK, Gogoi SK, Thakuria R, Das PJ. Stimuli-responsive aggregation-induced fluorescence in a series of biphenyl-based Knoevenagel products: effects of substituent active methylene groups on π-π interactions. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:775-783. [PMID: 32830756 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619009156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of three biphenyl-based Knoevenagel products (denoted 1a, 1b, 1c) with active methylene groups has been synthesized. Compounds 1a and 1b show strong solid-state fluorescence, whereas 1c displays low emission. Effects of substituent groups in condensed phase packing of the molecules have been investigated and correlated with their photophysical properties. Interestingly, compound 1a exhibits mechanofluorochromism with emission color changes from yellow to green (wavelength shift of 40 nm) after mechanical grinding. Furthermore, fluorescence of 1a and 1b is turned off under alkaline conditions, making them potential candidates for aggregation-enhanced emission-based pH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parishmita Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Khemnath Patir
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | | | - Sonit Kumar Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Pranab Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
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9
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Reddy CM. Plasticity enhancement in pharmaceutical drugs by water of crystallization: unusual slip planes. IUCRJ 2019; 6:505-506. [PMID: 31316794 PMCID: PMC6608643 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251900890x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Khandavilli et al. [(2019), IUCrJ, 6, 630-634] show the superior plasticity in hydrates of the pharmaceutical drugs, pregabalin and gabapetin, compared with their anhydrous forms. The water in the structure is believed to act as a lubricating agent in the packing of hydrates, thus facilitating slippage of molecules in the plastic bending of the crystals under external mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India
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10
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Sharber SA, Mann A, Shih KC, Mullin WJ, Nieh MP, Thomas SW. Directed Polymorphism and Mechanofluorochromism of Conjugated Materials through Weak Non-Covalent Control. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2019; 7:8316-8324. [PMID: 33133604 PMCID: PMC7597496 DOI: 10.1039/c9tc01301f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and manipulating crystal polymorphism can provide novel strategies for materials discovery in organic optoelectronics. In this paper, a series of seven ester-terminated three-ring phenylene ethynylenes (PEs) exhibit structure-dependent polymorphism wherein alkyl chain length modulates the propensity to form violet or green fluorescent solid phases, as well as tunable thermal and mechanofluorochromic (MFC) transitions. These compounds harness "soft" non-covalent control to achieve polymorphism: the electronic substituent effect of the ester groups weakens the fluoroarene-arene (ArF-ArH) interactions that typically direct crystal packing of this class of compounds, increasing competitiveness of other interactions. Small structural modifications tip this balance and shift the prevalence of violet- or green-emitting polymorphs. Compounds with short alkyl chain lengths show both violet and various green fluorescent polymorphs, while the violet fluorescent form dominates with alkyl lengths longer than butyl. Further, thermally induced green-to-violet fluorescent crystal-to-crystal transitions occur for single crystals of CO2-1 and CO2-3. Finally, the PEs show reversible violet-to-green mechanofluorochromism (MFC), with temperature required for reversion of this MFC decreasing with alkyl chain length. We therefore present this design of directional but weak interactions as a strategy to access polymorphs and tunable stimuli-responsive behavior in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Sharber
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Arielle Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Kuo-Chih Shih
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - William J Mullin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Samuel W Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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11
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Moriya K, Shimada R, Ono K. Difluoroboron Chelation to Quinacridonequinone: A Synthetic Method for Air-Sensitive 6,13-Dihydroxyquinacridone via Boron Complexes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1452-1456. [PMID: 30895741 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to perform the chelation of difluoroboron (BF2 ) to quinacridonequinone (QQ). The resulting dark green solid was determined to be QA-BF2 , which is a BF2 complex of 6,13-dihydroxyquinacridone (QA-OH), and not QQ-BF2 , which is a BF2 complex of QQ. This result indicated that QQ-BF2 was first generated as an O,O-bidentate chelate, which immediately underwent a two-electron reduction to produce QA-BF2 . This compound was converted to air-sensitive QA-OH by undergoing hydrolysis in argon. Since QA-OH has a strong electron-donating property, it easily produced QQ via air oxidation in the solution. QA-OH also acts as a reducing reagent for quinones. The crystal packing of QA-OH is a herringbone type with short π⋅⋅⋅π contacts, and a good hole mobility has been suggested by theoretical calculations. Herein, a new synthetic method from QQ to QA-OH using BF2 chelation and hydrolysis was proposed. QA-BF2 and QA-OH are useful organic functional pigments and reducing reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Moriya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ryohei Shimada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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12
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Arkhipov SG, Losev EA, Nguyen TT, Rychkov DA, Boldyreva EV. A large anisotropic plasticity of L-leucinium hydrogen maleate preserved at cryogenic temperatures. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:143-151. [PMID: 32830738 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
L-Leucinium hydrogen maleate crystals are very plastic at ambient conditions. Here it is shown that this plasticity is preserved at least down to 77 K. The structural changes in the temperature range 293-100 K were followed in order to rationalize the large anisotropic plasticity in this compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of an organic compound remaining so plastic at cryogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Arkhipov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - E A Losev
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - T T Nguyen
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - D A Rychkov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - E V Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
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13
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Gayathri P, Karthikeyan S, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Moon D, Anthony SP. Aggregation-enhanced emissive mechanofluorochromic carbazole-halogen positional isomers: tunable fluorescence via conformational polymorphism and crystallization-induced fluorescence switching. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The conformational twist of the carbazole-halogen positional isomers produced blue and green polymorphs with tunable solid-state fluorescence and demonstrated mechanofluorochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gayathri
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | | | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Department of Chemistry
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
- Research center for
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
- Research center for
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
- Pohang
- Korea
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14
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Abstract
Representative types of boron-based molecular systems that respond to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, light, or chemicals (oxygen, acid, base etc.) are described in this review article. The boron molecules are classified according to their operating mechanisms, with emphasis on systems, which are based on switchable boron-donor bonds and switchable excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren K. Mellerup
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
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15
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Louis M, Sethy R, Kumar J, Katao S, Guillot R, Nakashima T, Allain C, Kawai T, Métivier R. Mechano-responsive circularly polarized luminescence of organic solid-state chiral emitters. Chem Sci 2018; 10:843-847. [PMID: 30774879 PMCID: PMC6345345 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechano-CPL effect: chiral difluoro-boron β-diketonate complexes show concomitant changes of emission color as well as solid state chiroptical properties upon mechanical stimulation.
Two difluoro-boron β-diketonate complexes bearing chiral amido groups have been synthesized. Their mechano-responsive luminescence and chiroptical properties have been investigated in the solid state. Both compounds display a bright blue-green emission and a significant circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signal in the crystalline state, with |glum| values as high as 2.2–2.4 × 10–2. A bathochromic shift in emission, together with a decrease of |glum| values to c.a. 3 × 10–3, is induced upon application of a shearing stress. For the DFB-Hex-amide compound, interestingly, sign inversion of the anisotropy factor glum is observed under mechanical stimulation (“mechano-CPL effect”), which can be rationalized by a switching between monomer and excimer emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Louis
- PPSM , ENS Cachan , CNRS , Université Paris Saclay , 94235 Cachan , France . ;
| | - Ramarani Sethy
- Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 , Japan .
| | - Jatish Kumar
- Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 , Japan .
| | - Shouhei Katao
- Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 , Japan .
| | - Régis Guillot
- ICMMO , Université Paris-Sud , CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 , Japan .
| | - Clémence Allain
- PPSM , ENS Cachan , CNRS , Université Paris Saclay , 94235 Cachan , France . ;
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 , Japan .
| | - Rémi Métivier
- PPSM , ENS Cachan , CNRS , Université Paris Saclay , 94235 Cachan , France . ;
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16
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DeRosa CA, Daly ML, Kerr C, Fraser CL. Methoxy‐Substituted Difluoroboron Benzoylacetonate Complexes with Color‐Tunable Phosphorescence. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret L. Daly
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - Caroline Kerr
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - Cassandra L. Fraser
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
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17
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Wilbraham L, Louis M, Alberga D, Brosseau A, Guillot R, Ito F, Labat F, Métivier R, Allain C, Ciofini I. Revealing the Origins of Mechanically Induced Fluorescence Changes in Organic Molecular Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800817. [PMID: 29845662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanofluorochromic molecular materials display a change in fluorescence color through mechanical stress. Complex structure-property relationships in both the crystalline and amorphous phases of these materials govern both the presence and strength of this behavior, which is usually deemed the result of a mechanically induced phase transition. However, the precise nature of the emitting species in each phase is often a matter of speculation, resulting from experimental data that are difficult to interpret, and a lack of an acceptable theoretical model capable of capturing complex environmental effects. With a combined strategy using sophisticated experimental techniques and a new theoretical approach, here the varied mechanofluorochromic behavior of a series of difluoroboron diketonates is shown to be driven by the formation of low-energy exciton traps in the amorphous phase, with a limited number of traps giving rise to the full change in fluorescence color. The results highlight intrinsic structural links between crystalline and amorphous phases, and how these may be exploited for further development of powerful mechanofluorochromic assemblies, in line with modern crystal engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Wilbraham
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris IRCP, PSL Research University, CNRS - Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Marine Louis
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Domenico Alberga
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris IRCP, PSL Research University, CNRS - Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Brosseau
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- ICMMO, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8455, Japan
| | - Frédéric Labat
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris IRCP, PSL Research University, CNRS - Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Métivier
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Clémence Allain
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris IRCP, PSL Research University, CNRS - Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
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18
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Tikhonov SA, Vovna VI. Boron chelate complexes: X-ray and UV photoelectron spectra and electronic structure. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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19
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Sharber SA, Shih KC, Mann A, Frausto F, Haas TE, Nieh MP, Thomas SW. Reversible mechanofluorochromism of aniline-terminated phenylene ethynylenes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5415-5426. [PMID: 30009013 PMCID: PMC6009520 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00980e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven three-ring phenylene-ethynylene (PE) structural analogs, differing only in the lengths of alkyl chains on terminal aniline substituents, show 50-62 nm bathochromic shifts in emission maxima in response to mechanical force (mechanofluorochromism, MC). These shifts are fully reversible with heat or solvent fuming. Shearing of these solids yields a transition from green-emitting crystalline phases to orange-emitting amorphous phases as established by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Molecules with shorter alkyl chain lengths required higher temperatures to recover the hypsochromically shifted crystalline phases after grinding, while the recovery with chain lengths longer than butyl occurred at room temperature. In addition to this structure-dependent thermochromism, these compounds retain their MC properties in polymer hosts to various extents. The crystalline phases of these materials have PE chromophores that are twisted due to non-covalent perfluoroarene-arene (ArF-ArH) interactions involving perfluorophenyl pendants and the terminal rings of the PE chromophore, resulting in interrupted conjugation and an absence of chromophore aggregation. The MC behavior of an analog without the perfluoroarene rings is severely attenuated. This work demonstrates the general utility of twisted PEs as stimuli-responsive moieties and reveals clear structure-property relationships regarding the effects of alkyl chain length on these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Sharber
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Kuo-Chih Shih
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs , CT 06269 , USA
| | - Arielle Mann
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Fanny Frausto
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Terry E Haas
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs , CT 06269 , USA
| | - Samuel W Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
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20
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Tikhonov SA, Vovna VI, Osmushko IS, Fedorenko EV, Mirochnik AG. Boron difluoride dibenzoylmethane derivatives: Electronic structure and luminescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:563-570. [PMID: 28866412 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure and optical properties of boron difluoride dibenzoylmethanate and four of its derivatives have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, absorption and luminescence spectroscopy and quantum chemistry (DFT, TDDFT). The relative quantum luminescence yields have been revealed to correlate with charge transfers of HOMO-LUMO transitions, energy barriers of aromatic substituents rotation and the lifetime of excited states in the investigated complexes. The bathochromic shift of intensive bands in the optical spectra has been observed to occur when the functional groups are introduced into p-positions of phenyl cycles due to destabilizing HOMO levels. Calculated energy intervals between electronic levels correlate well with XPS spectra structure of valence and core electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena V Fedorenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Anatoliy G Mirochnik
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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21
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Alimi LO, Lama P, Smith VJ, Barbour LJ. Hand-twistable plastically deformable crystals of a rigid small organic molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2994-2997. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00775f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystals of the small rigid molecule 4-bromobenzonitrile exhibit highly flexible plastic bending behaviour that occurs on two perpendicular faces of the crystal, a rare situation, leading to the formation of helical/twisted and curled crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman O. Alimi
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland
- Stellenbosch
- South Africa
| | - Prem Lama
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland
- Stellenbosch
- South Africa
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland
- Stellenbosch
- South Africa
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland
- Stellenbosch
- South Africa
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22
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Campos-Gaxiola JJ, García-Grajeda BA, Hernández-Ahuactzi IF, Guerrero-Álvarez JA, Höpfl H, Cruz-Enríquez A. Supramolecular networks in molecular complexes of pyridine boronic acids and polycarboxylic acids: synthesis, structural characterization and fluorescence properties. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00762k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
3- and 4-pyridineboronic acids have been combined with trimesic and pyromellitic acids to give three molecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jorge A. Guerrero-Álvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
- Cuernavaca
- Mexico
| | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
- Cuernavaca
- Mexico
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23
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Karothu DP, Weston J, Desta IT, Naumov P. Shape-Memory and Self-Healing Effects in Mechanosalient Molecular Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13298-13306. [PMID: 27618207 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The thermosalient crystals of terephthalic acid are extraordinarily mechanically compliant and reversibly shape-shift between two forms with different crystal habits. While the transition of form II to form I is spontaneous, the transition of form I to form II is latent and can be triggered by applying local mechanical stress, whereby crystals leap several centimeters in air. This mechanosalient effect (mechanically stimulated motility) is due to sudden release of strain that has accrued in the crystal of form I, which is a metastable structure at ambient conditions. High-speed optical analysis and serial scanning electron microscopy reveal that the mechanical effect is due to rapid reshaping of crystal domains on a millisecond time scale triggered by mechanical stimulation. Mechanically pre-deformed crystals taken over the thermal phase transition exhibit memory effects and partially regain their shape, while cracked, sliced, or otherwise damaged crystals tend to recover their macroscopic integrity by restorative action of intermolecular π-π interactions in a manner which resembles the behavior of shape-memory and self-healing polymers. These observations provide additional evidence that the thermo-/photo-/mechanosalient effects are macroscopic manifestations of martensitic-type transitions in molecular solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Karothu
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - James Weston
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Israel Tilahun Desta
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Tikhonov SA, Vovna VI, Gelfand NA, Osmushko IS, Fedorenko EV, Mirochnik AG. Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Boron Difluoride Dibenzoylmethane Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7361-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena V. Fedorenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
- Institute
of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Anatoliy G. Mirochnik
- Institute
of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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25
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Krishna GR, Devarapalli R, Lal G, Reddy CM. Mechanically Flexible Organic Crystals Achieved by Introducing Weak Interactions in Structure: Supramolecular Shape Synthons. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13561-13567. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Ramesh Devarapalli
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Garima Lal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - C. Malla Reddy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741 246, India
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26
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Qi Y, Wang Y, Yu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Du G, Qi Y. High-contrast mechanochromism and polymorphism-dependent fluorescence of difluoroboron β-diketonate complexes based on the effects of AIEE and halogen. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of AIEE-active difluoroboron β-diketonate complexes derivatives exhibit high-contrast mechanochromism, polymorphism-dependent fluorescence, and extremely high fluorescent quantum yields which could be as promising stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Yongjiang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Guangfen Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Engineering Research Center of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
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