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Weninger G, Miotto MC, Tchagou C, Reiken S, Dridi H, Brandenburg S, Riedemann GC, Yuan Q, Liu Y, Chang A, Wronska A, Lehnart SE, Marks AR. Structural insights into the regulation of RyR1 by S100A1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400497121. [PMID: 38917010 PMCID: PMC11228480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400497121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
S100A1, a small homodimeric EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein (~21 kDa), plays an important regulatory role in Ca2+ signaling pathways involved in various biological functions including Ca2+ cycling and contractile performance in skeletal and cardiac myocytes. One key target of the S100A1 interactome is the ryanodine receptor (RyR), a huge homotetrameric Ca2+ release channel (~2.3 MDa) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Here, we report cryoelectron microscopy structures of S100A1 bound to RyR1, the skeletal muscle isoform, in absence and presence of Ca2+. Ca2+-free apo-S100A1 binds beneath the bridging solenoid (BSol) and forms contacts with the junctional solenoid and the shell-core linker of RyR1. Upon Ca2+-binding, S100A1 undergoes a conformational change resulting in the exposure of the hydrophobic pocket known to serve as a major interaction site of S100A1. Through interactions of the hydrophobic pocket with RyR1, Ca2+-bound S100A1 intrudes deeper into the RyR1 structure beneath BSol than the apo-form and induces sideways motions of the C-terminal BSol region toward the adjacent RyR1 protomer resulting in tighter interprotomer contacts. Interestingly, the second hydrophobic pocket of the S100A1-dimer is largely exposed at the hydrophilic surface making it prone to interactions with the local environment, suggesting that S100A1 could be involved in forming larger heterocomplexes of RyRs with other protein partners. Since S100A1 interactions stabilizing BSol are implicated in the regulation of RyR-mediated Ca2+ release, the characterization of the S100A1 binding site conserved between RyR isoforms may provide the structural basis for the development of therapeutic strategies regarding treatments of RyR-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Weninger
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Marco C Miotto
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Carl Tchagou
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Steven Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sören Brandenburg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC 2067), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel C Riedemann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Alexander Chang
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Anetta Wronska
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC 2067), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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Bousova K, Zouharova M, Herman P, Vymetal J, Vetyskova V, Jiraskova K, Vondrasek J. TRPM5 Channel Binds Calcium-Binding Proteins Calmodulin and S100A1. Biochemistry 2022; 61:413-423. [PMID: 35225608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melastatin transient receptor potential (TRPM) channels belong to one of the most significant subgroups of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family. Here, we studied the TRPM5 member, the receptor exposed to calcium-mediated activation, resulting in taste transduction. It is known that most TRP channels are highly modulated through interactions with extracellular and intracellular agents. The binding sites for these ligands are usually located at the intracellular N- and C-termini of the TRP channels, and they can demonstrate the character of an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), which allows such a region to bind various types of molecules. We explored the N-termini of TRPM5 and found the intracellular regions for calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) the calmodulin (CaM) and calcium-binding protein S1 (S100A1) by in vitro binding assays. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) of the discovered complexes confirmed their known common binding interface patterns and the uniqueness of the basic residues present in the TRPM binding regions for CaM/S100A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Bousova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vymetal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vetyskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Bousova K, Zouharova M, Herman P, Vetyskova V, Jiraskova K, Vondrasek J. TRPM7 N-terminal region forms complexes with calcium binding proteins CaM and S100A1. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08490. [PMID: 34917797 PMCID: PMC8645431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) represents melastatin TRP channel with two significant functions, cation permeability and kinase activity. TRPM7 is widely expressed among tissues and is therefore involved in a variety of cellular functions representing mainly Mg2+ homeostasis, cellular Ca2+ flickering, and the regulation of DNA transcription by a cleaved kinase domain translocated to the nucleus. TRPM7 participates in several important biological processes in the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Together with the necessary function of the TRPM7 in these tissues and its recently analyzed overall structure, this channel requires further studies leading to the development of potential therapeutic targets. Here we present the first study investigating the N-termini of TRPM7 with binding regions for important intracellular modulators calmodulin (CaM) and calcium-binding protein S1 (S100A1) using in vitro and in silico approaches. Molecular simulations of the discovered complexes reveal their potential binding interfaces with common interaction patterns and the important role of basic residues present in the N-terminal binding region of TRPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Bousova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author.
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Patobiochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague 5, V Uvalu 84, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Department Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vetyskova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
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Mechanism of Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ Binding to Human S100A1. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121823. [PMID: 34944467 PMCID: PMC8699212 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A1 is a member of the S100 family of small ubiquitous Ca2+-binding proteins, which participates in the regulation of cell differentiation, motility, and survival. It exists as homo- or heterodimers. S100A1 has also been shown to bind Zn2+, but the molecular mechanisms of this binding are not yet known. In this work, using ESI-MS and ITC, we demonstrate that S100A1 can coordinate 4 zinc ions per monomer, with two high affinity (KD~4 and 770 nm) and two low affinity sites. Using competitive binding experiments between Ca2+ and Zn2+ and QM/MM molecular modeling we conclude that Zn2+ high affinity sites are located in the EF-hand motifs of S100A1. In addition, two lower affinity sites can bind Zn2+ even when the EF-hands are saturated by Ca2+, resulting in a 2Ca2+:S100A1:2Zn2+ conformer. Finally, we show that, in contrast to calcium, an excess of Zn2+ produces a destabilizing effect on S100A1 structure and leads to its aggregation. We also determined a higher affinity to Ca2+ (KD~0.16 and 24 μm) than was previously reported for S100A1, which would allow this protein to function as a Ca2+/Zn2+-sensor both inside and outside cells, participating in diverse signaling pathways under normal and pathological conditions.
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Li X, Wang X, Sun T, Ping Y, Dai Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang D, Xia X, Shan H, Zhang W, Tao Z. S100A1 is a sensitive and specific cardiac biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of acute myocardial infarction measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:71-76. [PMID: 33476588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A member of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins, S100A1 is highly expressed in cardiac muscle tissue. Although this protein is considered an indicator of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), high-throughput and sensitive detection methods are still urgently needed. We constructed a rapid and sensitive method for detecting S100A1 and to investigate the clinical utility of S100A1 as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AMI and subsequent prognostic assessments. We developed an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay to detect S100A1. We then analyzed the performance of the newly developed assay including evaluation of the analytical sensitivity, analytical selectivity, linear range, accuracy and repeatability. METHODS We recruited 87 patients with AMI or angina pectoris to explore the value of this marker for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment. RESULTS The chemiluminescent-immune-based S100A1 assay had functional analytical sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.13 ng/ml, and a wide linear range of 0.13-31.66 ng/ml. It also exhibited good repeatability with intra-assay and inter-assay findings of <5% and <15%, respectively. Plasma S100A1 was found to have a higher diagnostic sensitivity than conventional cardiac biomarkers (creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin T). The survival analysis showed that a higher concentration of plasma S100A1 (>1.02 ng/ml) was notably associated with the poor prognosis of AMI patients after first PCI. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of circulating S100A1 concentrations with our newly developed chemiluminescent-immune-based assay shows potential for use in the clinic. This assay could enable early identification and prognostic assessment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ping
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibei Dai
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenping Liu
- Yuhang Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xia
- The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, China
| | | | - Weiqun Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
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Young BD, Yu W, Rodríguez DJV, Varney KM, MacKerell AD, Weber DJ. Specificity of Molecular Fragments Binding to S100B versus S100A1 as Identified by NMR and Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS). Molecules 2021; 26:E381. [PMID: 33450915 PMCID: PMC7828390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B, a biomarker of malignant melanoma, interacts with the p53 protein and diminishes its tumor suppressor function, which makes this S100 family member a promising therapeutic target for treating malignant melanoma. However, it is a challenge to design inhibitors that are specific for S100B in melanoma versus other S100-family members that are important for normal cellular activities. For example, S100A1 is most similar in sequence and structure to S100B, and this S100 protein is important for normal skeletal and cardiac muscle function. Therefore, a combination of NMR and computer aided drug design (CADD) was used to initiate the design of specific S100B inhibitors. Fragment-based screening by NMR, also termed "SAR by NMR," is a well-established method, and was used to examine spectral perturbations in 2D [1H, 15N]-HSQC spectra of Ca2+-bound S100B and Ca2+-bound S100A1, side-by-side, and under identical conditions for comparison. Of the 1000 compounds screened, two were found to be specific for binding Ca2+-bound S100A1 and four were found to be specific for Ca2+-bound S100B, respectively. The NMR spectral perturbations observed in these six data sets were then used to model how each of these small molecule fragments showed specificity for one S100 versus the other using a CADD approach termed Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS). In summary, the combination of NMR and computational approaches provided insight into how S100A1 versus S100B bind small molecules specifically, which will enable improved drug design efforts to inhibit elevated S100B in melanoma. Such a fragment-based approach can be used generally to initiate the design of specific inhibitors for other highly homologous drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D. Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.D.Y.); (D.J.V.R.); (K.M.V.)
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.Y.); (A.D.M.J.)
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.Y.); (A.D.M.J.)
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Darex J. Vera Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.D.Y.); (D.J.V.R.); (K.M.V.)
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.Y.); (A.D.M.J.)
| | - Kristen M. Varney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.D.Y.); (D.J.V.R.); (K.M.V.)
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.Y.); (A.D.M.J.)
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.Y.); (A.D.M.J.)
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David J. Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.D.Y.); (D.J.V.R.); (K.M.V.)
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (W.Y.); (A.D.M.J.)
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Tao Y, Zhou X, Zheng X, Li S, Mou C. Deciphering the Forebrain Disorder in a Chicken Model of Cerebral Hernia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1008. [PMID: 32867218 PMCID: PMC7564858 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral hernia in crested chicken has been characterized as the protrusion of cerebral hemispheres into the unsealed skull for hundreds of years, since Charles Darwin. The development of deformed forebrain (telencephalon) of cerebral hernia remains largely unknown. Here, the unsealed frontal skull combined with misplaced sphenoid bone was observed and potentially associated with brain protuberance. The shifted pallidum, elongated hippocampus, expanded mesopallium and nidopallium, and reduced hyperpallium were observed in seven regions of the malformed telencephalon. The neurons were detected with nuclear pyknosis and decreased density. Astrocytes showed uneven distribution and disordered protuberances in hyperpallium and hippocampus. Transcriptome analyses of chicken telencephalon (cerebral hernia vs. control) revealed 547 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mainly related to nervous system development, and immune system processes, including astrocyte marker gene GFAP, and neuron and astrocyte developmental gene S100A6. The upregulation of GFAP and S100A6 genes in abnormal telencephalon was correlated with reduced DNA methylation levels in the promoter regions. The morphological, cellular, and molecular variations in the shape, regional specification, and cellular states of malformed telencephalon potentially participate in brain plasticity and previously reported behavior changes. Chickens with cerebral hernia might be an interesting and valuable disease model to further explore the recognition, diagnosis, and therapy of cerebral hernia development of crested chickens and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunyan Mou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, HuaZhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.T.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.)
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Allgöwer C, Kretz AL, von Karstedt S, Wittau M, Henne-Bruns D, Lemke J. Friend or Foe: S100 Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082037. [PMID: 32722137 PMCID: PMC7465620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are widely expressed small molecular EF-hand calcium-binding proteins of vertebrates, which are involved in numerous cellular processes, such as Ca2+ homeostasis, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammation. Although the complex network of S100 signalling is by far not fully deciphered, several S100 family members could be linked to a variety of diseases, such as inflammatory disorders, neurological diseases, and also cancer. The research of the past decades revealed that S100 proteins play a crucial role in the development and progression of many cancer types, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma. Hence, S100 family members have also been shown to be promising diagnostic markers and possible novel targets for therapy. However, the current knowledge of S100 proteins is limited and more attention to this unique group of proteins is needed. Therefore, this review article summarises S100 proteins and their relation in different cancer types, while also providing an overview of novel therapeutic strategies for targeting S100 proteins for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Allgöwer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Anna-Laura Kretz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Wittau
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-53691
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9
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Sun B, Kekenes-Huskey PM. Molecular Basis of S100A1 Activation and Target Regulation Within Physiological Cytosolic Ca 2+ Levels. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:77. [PMID: 32656226 PMCID: PMC7324869 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100A1 protein regulates cardiomyocyte function through its binding of calcium (Ca2+) and target proteins, including titin, SERCA, and RyR. S100A1 presents two Ca2+ binding domains, a high-affinity canonical EF-hand (cEF) and a low-affinity pseudo EF-hand (pEF), that control S100A1 activation. For wild-type S100A1, both EF hands must be bound by Ca2+ to form the open state necessary for target peptide binding, which requires unphysiological high sub-millimolar Ca2+ levels. However, there is evidence that post-translational modifications at Cys85 may facilitate the formation of the open state at sub-saturating Ca2+ concentrations. Hence, post-translational modifications of S100A1 could potentially increase the Ca2+-sensitivity of binding protein targets, and thereby modulate corresponding signaling pathways. In this study, we examine the mechanism of S100A1 open-closed gating via molecular dynamics simulations to determine the extent to which Cys85 functionalization, namely via redox reactions, controls the relative population of open states at sub-saturating Ca2+ and capacity to bind peptides. We further characterize the protein's ability to bind a representative peptide target, TRKT12 and relate this propensity to published competition assay data. Our simulation results indicate that functionalization of Cys85 may stabilize the S100A1 open state at physiological, micromolar Ca2+ levels. Our conclusions support growing evidence that S100A1 serves as a signaling hub linking Ca2+ and redox signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Peter M Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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Reviewing the Crystal Structure of S100Z and Other Members of the S100 Family: Implications in Calcium-Regulated Quaternary Structure. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:487-499. [PMID: 30710292 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper takes the cue from the previously solved crystal structure of human apo-S100Z and compares it with that of the calcium-bound S100Z from zebrafish in order to stress, for this particular S100, the significant role of the presence of calcium in promoting supramolecular assemblies with likely biological meaning. This consideration is then expanded through a wider review on analogous situations concerning all other S100s for which there is crystallographic o biochemical evidence of how the presence of calcium promotes the formation of quaternary complexes.The paper also deals with some considerations on the quality of the crystals obtained for the solved members of this family and on the need for experimental phasing for solving some of the structures where the good general sequence homology among the members of the family would have suggested molecular replacement (MR) as the easiest way to solve them.These considerations, along with the PCA analysis carried out on all the known S100s, further demonstrate that calcium plays a fundamental role in triggering quaternary structure formation for several members of this family of proteins.
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Hernández‐Ochoa EO, Melville Z, Vanegas C, Varney KM, Wilder PT, Melzer W, Weber DJ, Schneider MF. Loss of S100A1 expression leads to Ca 2+ release potentiation in mutant mice with disrupted CaM and S100A1 binding to CaMBD2 of RyR1. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13822. [PMID: 30101473 PMCID: PMC6087734 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) and S100A1 fine-tune skeletal muscle Ca2+ release via opposite modulation of the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1). Binding to and modulation of RyR1 by CaM and S100A1 occurs predominantly at the region ranging from amino acid residue 3614-3640 of RyR1 (here referred to as CaMBD2). Using synthetic peptides, it has been shown that CaM binds to two additional regions within the RyR1, specifically residues 1975-1999 and 4295-4325 (CaMBD1 and CaMBD3, respectively). Because S100A1 typically binds to similar motifs as CaM, we hypothesized that S100A1 could also bind to CaMBD1 and CaMBD3. Our goals were: (1) to establish whether S100A1 binds to synthetic peptides containing CaMBD1 and CaMBD3 using isothermal calorimetry (ITC), and (2) to identify whether S100A1 and CaM modulate RyR1 Ca2+ release activation via sites other than CaMBD2 in RyR1 in its native cellular context. We developed the mouse model (RyR1D-S100A1KO), which expresses point mutation RyR1-L3625D (RyR1D) that disrupts the modulation of RyR1 by CaM and S100A1 at CaMBD2 and also lacks S100A1 (S100A1KO). ITC assays revealed that S100A1 binds with different affinities to CaMBD1 and CaMBD3. Using high-speed Ca2+ imaging and a model for Ca2+ binding and transport, we show that the RyR1D-S100A1KO muscle fibers exhibit a modest but significant increase in myoplasmic Ca2+ transients and enhanced Ca2+ release flux following field stimulation when compared to fibers from RyR1D mice, which were used as controls to eliminate any effect of binding at CaMBD2, but with preserved S100A1 expression. Our results suggest that S100A1, similar to CaM, binds to CaMBD1 and CaMBD3 within the RyR1, but that CaMBD2 appears to be the primary site of RyR1 regulation by CaM and S100A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick O. Hernández‐Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Zephan Melville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Camilo Vanegas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Kristen M. Varney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT)University of Maryland School of MedicineMaryland
| | - Paul T. Wilder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT)University of Maryland School of MedicineMaryland
| | - Werner Melzer
- Institute of Applied PhysiologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - David J. Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT)University of Maryland School of MedicineMaryland
| | - Martin F. Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
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