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Kumar A, Boradia VM, Mahajan A, Kumaran S, Raje M, Raje CI. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv enolase (Rv1023)- expression, characterization and effect of host dependent modifications on protein functionality. Biochimie 2023; 214:102-113. [PMID: 37385399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis enolase is an essential glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2, phosphoglycerate (PGA) to phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP). It is also a crucial link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway. The depletion of PEP has recently been associated with the emergence of non-replicating drug resistant bacteria. Enolase is also known to exhibit multiple alternate functions, such as promoting tissue invasion via its role as a plasminogen (Plg) receptor. In addition, proteomic studies have identified the presence of enolase in the Mtb degradosome and in biofilms. However, the precise role in these processes has not been elaborated. The enzyme was recently identified as a target for 2-amino thiazoles - a novel class of anti-mycobacterials. In vitro assays and characterization of this enzyme were unsuccessful due to the inability to obtain functional recombinant protein. In the present study, we report the expression and characterization of enolase using Mtb H37Ra as a host strain. Our study demonstrates that the enzyme activity and alternate functions of this protein are significantly impacted by the choice of expression host (Mtb H37Ra or E. coli). Detailed analysis of the protein from each source revealed subtle differences in the post-translational modifications. Lastly, our study confirms the role of enolase in Mtb biofilm formation and describes the potential for inhibiting this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Vishant Mahendra Boradia
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Apurwa Mahajan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - S Kumaran
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Chaaya Iyengar Raje
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Wang Y, Zhao X, Zhang L, Yang C, Zhang K, Gu Z, Ding H, Li S, Qin J, Chu X. MicroRNA-34a Mediates High-Fat-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Targeting ENO3. Nutrients 2023; 15:4616. [PMID: 37960269 PMCID: PMC10650923 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of numerous metabolic disorders is characterized by hepatic insulin resistance (IR). Uncertainty surrounds miR-34a's contribution to high-fat-induced hepatic IR and its probable mechanism. The role and mechanism of miR-34a and its target gene ENO3 in high-fat-induced hepatic IR were explored by overexpressing/suppressing miR-34a and ENO3 levels in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Moreover, as a human hepatic IR model, the miR-34a/ENO3 pathway was validated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The overexpression of hepatic miR-34a lowered insulin signaling and altered glucose metabolism in hepatocytes. In contrast, reducing miR-34a expression significantly reversed hepatic IR indices induced by palmitic acid (PA)/HFD. ENO3 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-34a. Overexpression of ENO3 effectively inhibited high-fat-induced hepatic IR-related indices both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the expression patterns of members of the miR-34a/ENO3 pathway in the liver tissues of NAFLD patients was in line with the findings of both cellular and animal studies. A high-fat-induced increase in hepatic miR-34a levels attenuates insulin signaling and impairs glucose metabolism by suppressing the expression of its target gene ENO3, ultimately leading to hepatic IR. The miR-34a/ENO3 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for hepatic IR and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Liuchao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Kening Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Zhuo Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Haiyan Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xia Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.G.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (J.Q.)
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Grijincu M, Huțu I, Weber M, Babaev E, Stolz F, Valenta R, Păunescu V, Panaitescu C, Chen KW. Physicochemical and immunological characterization of Amb a 12, a novel ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen allergen. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:18-29. [PMID: 36966550 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed is an invasive plant in Europe, causing hay fever and asthma in allergic patients. Climate change is predicted to increase expansion and allergenicity. Elevated NO2 induced upregulation of a new allergen in ragweed pollen, an enolase, Amb a 12. OBJECTIVE of this study was producing ragweed enolase as a recombinant protein and characterizing its physicochemical and immunological features. METHODS Amb a 12 was designed for E. coli and insect cell expression. Physicochemical features were determined by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism measurements and enzymatic activity assay. Immunological characteristics were determined in ELISA, in a mediator release assay and by investigation of association with clinical symptoms. Common allergen sources were screened for similar proteins. RESULTS Ragweed enolase was produced as a 48 kDa protein forming oligomers in both expression systems, showing differences in secondary structure content and enzymatic activity depending on expression system. IgE frequency and allergenicity were low regardless of expression system. Enolase-specific serum bound to similar sized molecules in mugwort, timothy grass and birch pollen, as well as food allergen sources, while highest IgE inhibition was achieved with peach pulp extract. CONCLUSIONS Amb a 12 had high sequence similarity and comparable IgE frequency to enolase allergens from different sources. 50 kDa proteins were found in other pollen and food allergen sources, suggesting that enolases might be pan-allergens in pollen and plant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Grijincu
- Center of Immuno-physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania; OncoGen Center, Pius Brînzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Huțu
- University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I of Romania", Timişoara, Romania
| | - Milena Weber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Frank Stolz
- Biomay AG, Vienna Competence Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- Center of Immuno-physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania; OncoGen Center, Pius Brînzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Carmen Panaitescu
- Center of Immuno-physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania; OncoGen Center, Pius Brînzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Kuan-Wei Chen
- OncoGen Center, Pius Brînzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania
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Chen R, Zhao L, Gan R, Feng Z, Cui C, Xie X, Hao F, Zhang Z, Wang L, Ran T, Wang W, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang W, Pang M, Xiong Q, Shao G. Evidence for the Rapid and Divergent Evolution of Mycoplasmas: Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of Enolases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:811106. [PMID: 35145997 PMCID: PMC8822174 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.811106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are a group of prokaryotes without cell walls that have evolved through several rounds of degenerative evolution. With a low cell DNA G + C content and definitively long genetic lineages, mycoplasmas are thought to be in a state of rapid evolution. However, little associated evidence has been provided. Enolase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that is widely found in all species from the three domains, and it is evolutionarily conserved. In our previous studies, enolase acted as a virulence factor and participated in cell-surface adhesion in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Furthermore, unique loop regions were first found in the crystal structure of Mhp Eno. Here, enolase structures from Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma bovis were determined. An extra helix 7 is specific and conservatively found in almost all mycoplasma enolases, as confirmed by crystal structures and sequence alignment. Particular motifs for helix 7, which is composed of F-K/G-K-L/F-K-X-A-I, have been proposed and could be regarded as molecular markers. To our surprise, the genetic distances between any two mycoplasma enolases were obviously longer than those between the two corresponding species themselves, indicating divergent evolution of mycoplasma enolases, whereas no horizontal gene transfer was detected in mycoplasma enolase genens. Furthermore, different evolutionary patterns were adopted by different loop regions of mycoplasma enolase. Enolases from different Mycoplasma species also showed different affinities for PLG and fibronectin. Our results indicate the rapid and divergent evolution of mycoplasma enolase and mycoplasmas. This study will also aid understanding the independent evolution of Mycoplasma species after separation from their common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Cui
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Ran
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology of Ministry of Agriculture, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang, ; Maoda Pang, ; Qiyan Xiong,
| | - Maoda Pang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang, ; Maoda Pang, ; Qiyan Xiong,
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang, ; Maoda Pang, ; Qiyan Xiong,
| | - Guoqing Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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The β 2Tubulin, Rad50-ATPase and enolase cis-regulatory regions mediate male germline expression in Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18131. [PMID: 34518617 PMCID: PMC8438054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics-based pest management processes, including the sterile insect technique, are an effective method for the control of some pest insects. However, current SIT methods are not directly transferable to many important pest insect species due to the lack of genetic sexing strains. Genome editing is revolutionizing the way we conduct genetics in insects, including in Tribolium castaneum, an important genetic model and agricultural pest. We identified orthologues of β2Tubulin, Rad50-ATPase and enolase in T. castaneum. Using RT-PCR, we confirmed that these genes are predominantly expressed in the testis. PiggyBac-based transformation of T. castaneum cis-regulatory regions derived from Tc-β2t, Tc-rad50 or Tc-eno resulted in EGFP expression specifically in the T. castaneum testis. Additionally, we determined that each of these regulatory regions regulates EGFP expression in different cell types of the male gonad. Cis-regulatory regions from Tc-β2t produced EGFP expression throughout spermatogenesis and also in mature sperms; Tc-rad50 resulted in expression only in the haploid spermatid, while Tc-eno expressed EGFP in late spermatogenesis. In summary, the regulatory cis-regions characterized in this study are not only suited to study male gonadal function but could be used for development of transgenic sexing strains that produce one sex in pest control strategies.
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Chen R, Yu Y, Feng Z, Gan R, Xie X, Zhang Z, Xie Q, Wang W, Ran T, Zhang W, Xiong Q, Shao G. Featured Species-Specific Loops Are Found in the Crystal Structure of Mhp Eno, a Cell Surface Adhesin From Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:209. [PMID: 31263685 PMCID: PMC6585157 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enolase is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme involved in the processes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae belongs to Mycoplasma, whose species are wall-less and among the smallest self-replicating bacteria, and is an important colonizing respiratory pathogen in the pig industry worldwide. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae enolase (Mhp Eno) expression is significantly increased after infection and was previously found to be a virulence factor candidate. Our studies show that Mhp Eno is a cell surface-localized protein that can adhere to swine tracheal epithelial cells (STECs). Adhesion to STECs can be specifically inhibited by an Mhp Eno antibody. Mhp Eno can recognize and interact with plasminogen with high affinity. Here, the first crystal structure of the mycoplasmal enolase from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was determined. The structure showed unique features of Mhp Eno in the S3/H1, H6/S6, H7/H8, and H13 regions. All of these regions were longer than those of other enolases and were exposed on the Mhp Eno surface, making them accessible to host molecules. These results show that Mhp Eno has specific structural characteristics and acts as a multifunctional adhesin on the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bioproducts, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bioproducts, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bioproducts, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bioproducts, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bioproducts, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bioproducts, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Ran
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology of Ministry of Agriculture, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bioproducts, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bioproducts, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Zheng X, Gao Y, Li W, Wang S. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis identified Eno1 as a cadmium stress response gene in Propsilocerus akamusi (Tokunaga) hemolymph. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:126-135. [PMID: 30195204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Propsilocerus akamusi (Tokunaga) is a common species of midge in Siberia, Japan, and China and an important prey species for fish and aquatic birds. Furthermore, this species has been shown to have an extraordinary capacity to resist cadmium (Cd) toxicity. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze relative changes in the P. akamusi hemolymph proteome following exposure to a sublethal concentration of Cd2+. The results showed that Cd2+ stress affects energy metabolism in P. akamusi. After examining the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), only one up-regulated protein associated with metabolism, α-enolase (Eno1) was identified and further isolated and characterized. Sequence alignments showed that the deduced P. akamusi Eno1 amino acid sequence is highly conserved, with similarities of 77-95% noted when compared to other Dipteran Eno1 sequences. Furthermore, prolonged Cd2+ exposure impacted Eno1 transcription, protein expression and enzyme activity levels. These results suggest that Eno1 may play a role in the response to Cd2+ stress in P. akamusi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Ye Gao
- School of Physical Exercise and Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Wanghong Li
- School of Physical Exercise and Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Physical Exercise and Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
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