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Capone V, Schettino G, Marino L, Camerlingo C, Smith A, Depolo M. The new normal of remote work: exploring individual and organizational factors affecting work-related outcomes and well-being in academia. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1340094. [PMID: 38410397 PMCID: PMC10894936 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Flexible work arrangements have become increasingly popular, driven by the widespread adoption of digital technologies in the workplace because of the pandemic. However, there is a scarcity of studies concerning remote work, especially related to technical-administrative staff (TAS) in academia. Therefore, the current study, adopting the Job Demands-Resources model, aimed to investigate the relationships between remote working self-efficacy, organizational support, techno-complexity, mental well-being, and job performance among TAS during remote working. Methods A total of 373 individuals from TAS of a large Italian university participated in this study by completing a self-report questionnaire. Results The findings showed positive and significant relationships between remote self-efficacy and job satisfaction as well as between such a perceived efficacy and mental well-being. Perceived support from supervisors acted as a protective factor against techno-complexity. In contrast, perceived support from colleagues emerged as able to promote well-being and job satisfaction. In addition, the latter was positively associated with well-being. Finally, individual job performance was positively affected by job satisfaction and negatively by techno-complexity. Conclusion This study highlights the need for interventions to support TAS in remote working environments by leveraging employees' self-efficacy as a key factor in reducing stress related to new technologies as well as enhancing well-being, job satisfaction, and, in turn, their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Capone
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schettino
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leda Marino
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Camerlingo
- Area Organizzazione e Sviluppo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Smith
- Ufficio Organizzazione e Performance, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Depolo
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Morales-García WC, Vallejos M, Sairitupa-Sanchez LZ, Morales-García SB, Rivera-Lozada O, Morales-García M. Depression, professional self-efficacy, and job performance as predictors of life satisfaction: the mediating role of work engagement in nurses. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1268336. [PMID: 38362215 PMCID: PMC10867221 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1268336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The life satisfaction and job performance of nursing professionals are affected by a multitude of factors, including work engagement, self-efficacy, and depression. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model provides a theoretical framework to explore these relationships. Objective Our study aimed to analyze the primary goal of this research, which is to examine the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between depression, professional self-efficacy, job performance, and their impact on life satisfaction in nurses, using the JD-R theory as a guide. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 579 participants aged between 21 to 57 years (M = 39, SD = 9.95). Mediation analysis was used to examine the influence of depression, self-efficacy, and job performance on work engagement, and in turn, its effect on life satisfaction. Results Findings indicated that work engagement plays a crucial mediating role between depression, self-efficacy, job performance, and life satisfaction. Interventions to increase work engagement could assist nurses in better managing depression and improving their performance and life satisfaction. Conclusions Our study highlights the need for workplace policies and strategies that foster work engagement and self-efficacy among nurses while effectively managing job demands to prevent depression. Moreover, these findings underscore the importance of the JD-R theory to understand and improve nurses' job satisfaction and performance, and suggest areas for future research, including exploring other potential factors and applying these findings across different contexts and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilter C. Morales-García
- Unidad de Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Teología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Investigadores Adventistas (SOCIA), Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - María Vallejos
- Business Sciences Unit, Graduate School, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Peruana Unión, Tarapoto, Peru
| | - Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez
- Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Sandra B. Morales-García
- Departamento Académico de Enfermería, Obstetricia y Farmacia, Facultad de farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Oriana Rivera-Lozada
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Mardel Morales-García
- Unidad de Posgrado de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
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McLean L, Taylor M, Sandilos L. The roles of adaptability and school climate in first-year teachers' developing perceptions of themselves, their classroom relationships, and the career. J Sch Psychol 2023; 99:101213. [PMID: 37507193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The teaching career, and especially the transition from pre-service to in-service teaching, is uniquely characterized by change. Adaptability is an internal characteristic that has been shown to benefit teachers and may be especially relevant as they begin developing initial perceptions of themselves as educators, of their relationships with students, and of the teaching career at large. Importantly though, it is likely that the impacts of adaptability depend in part on the broader context. One such contextual factor that is highly relevant to teachers is their school's climate. The present study explored direct and indirect (moderated) relations among first-year teachers' (N = 133) adaptability and perceived school climate and their teaching self-efficacy, perceptions of the classroom relational climate, and career optimism. Path analysis revealed positive main effects of adaptability on self-efficacy and perceptions of classroom relational climate, as well as positive main effects of school climate on self-efficacy and career optimism. In addition, an interaction effect was detected whereby relations among adaptability and self-efficacy were strongest among participants who reported high and average levels of school climate. Results can inform future research on teacher adaptability and can also be used to inform interventions and supports provided to new teachers by school psychologists and other school personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh McLean
- University of Delaware - Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, Pearson Hall, 125 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Michelle Taylor
- California State University, Long Beach - Child Development and Family Studies, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840-0501, USA.
| | - Lia Sandilos
- Lehigh University - College of Education, Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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Inoue A, Eguchi H, Kachi Y, Tsutsumi A. Perceived psychosocial safety climate, psychological distress, and work engagement in Japanese employees: A cross-sectional mediation analysis of job demands and job resources. J Occup Health 2023; 65:e12405. [PMID: 37218064 PMCID: PMC10203353 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of perceived psychosocial safety climate (PSC) with psychological distress and work engagement in Japanese employees. We also examined the mediation effects of job demands (i.e., psychological demands) and job resources (i.e., job control, worksite support, and extrinsic reward) in these associations. METHODS A total of 2200 employees (1100 men and 1100 women) registered with a Japanese online survey company were surveyed using a self-administered web-based questionnaire containing the scales on PSC (12-item PSC scale), job demands and job resources (Job Content Questionnaire and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire), psychological distress (K6 scale), and work engagement (9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale), and items on demographic and occupational characteristics (i.e., age, sex, education, occupation, work form, and working hours per week). A multiple mediation analysis with a bootstrap method was conducted. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic and occupational characteristics, significant negative and positive total effects of perceived PSC were observed on psychological distress and work engagement, respectively (c = -0.258 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.298 to -0.219] and 0.383 [95% CI: 0.344-0.421], respectively). When we included job demands and job resources as mediators in the model, significant total mediation effects in these associations were observed (c - c' = -0.181 [95% CI: -0.221 to -0.143] and 0.269 [95% CI: 0.234-0.304], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that perceived PSC is negatively associated with psychological distress and positively associated with work engagement, and that these associations are partially mediated (or explained) by job demands and job resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiomi Inoue
- Institutional Research CenterUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Hisashi Eguchi
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Public HealthKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public HealthKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
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Pulido-Martos M, Cortés-Denia D, Luque-Reca O, Lopez-Zafra E. Authentic leadership and personal and job demands/resources: A person-centered approach and links with work-related subjective well-being. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe job demands-resources theory considers an open group of personal and job demands and resources. Thus, it allows us to include personal resources not yet covered (i.e., vigor at work) or less explored (i.e., emotional abilities), as well as personal demands not yet explored (i.e., overcommitment). Additionally, from this theory, it is proposed that leaders may influence employee wellbeing. Therefore, of particular interest is to analyze positive leadership styles, such as authentic leadership (AL). This study addresses three research objectives: 1) to identify profiles of employees from a person-centered approach, combining personal resources (self-perception of emotional abilities, vigor at work and self-efficacy) and personal demands (overcommitment) with job resources and demands; 2) to analyze the relation of the identified profiles with indicators of work-related subjective well-being; and 3) to acknowledge whether the AL style determines the pertaining to a profile probability. A large heterogeneous sample of Spanish employees (N = 968) responded to a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by adopting a person-centered approach using latent profile analysis. The results revealed five patterns of job and individual characteristics: Profile 5 (very low personal resources, and low job resources and demands); Profile 4 (low resources and high demands); Profile 3 (mid-level personal resources, high job resources and low demands); Profile 2 (high personal resources, mid-level job resources and high demands); and Profile 1 (high resources and low demands). Analyses showed that workers differed significantly in well-being depending on their profile membership, with Profile 1 having the highest well-being. Profiles that yielded the worst outcomes were Profile 4 and Profile 5, especially the latter. Finally, the results indicated that AL increased the probability that a profile would show a high well-being level.
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Galanakis MD, Tsitouri E. Positive psychology in the working environment. Job demands-resources theory, work engagement and burnout: A systematic literature review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1022102. [PMID: 36204770 PMCID: PMC9531691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present systematic review is to examine the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model in order to pinpoint how applicable and relevant is the present theoretical framework in the 21st Century workplace environment. Initially, there will be an examination of the key concepts of the theory, followed by a brief investigation of the empirical validity and importance of the theory in the workplace environment. Then, there will be an empirical investigation of various studies of both cross-sectional and longitudinal nature in the form of a methodology, offering substantial empirical evidence that attests to the validity and effectiveness of the JD-R model in predicting work engagement and burnout-two independent and contrasting states of employee wellbeing, covering the entire spectrum from employee wellness to employee ill-health. We hope this review contributes to the advancement of the JD-R model, aiding researchers and practitioners to obtain a better understanding of the current state of the JD-R model, whilst also offering avenues for future development of the theory, ultimately resulting in a better prediction of employee wellbeing.
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Döbler AS, Emmermacher A, Richter-Killenberg S, Nowak J, Wegge J. New insights into self-initiated work design: the role of job crafting, self-undermining and five types of job satisfaction for employee’s health and work ability. GERMAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PERSONALFORSCHUNG 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23970022211029023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides evidence for the important role of job crafting and self-undermining behaviors at work, two new concepts that were recently integrated into the well-known job demands-resources (JD-R) theory (Bakker and Demerouti, 2017). We investigate how these behaviors are associated with work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and work ability as a long-term indicator of employee’s well-being. Furthermore, we examine the moderating role of personal resources in the stress-strain process by comparing groups of employees representing the five types of job satisfaction defined by Bruggemann (1974). Data was collected in a cross-sectional study within a German DAX company’s manufacturing plant from 1145 blue- and white-collar workers. Results of structural equation modeling provided, as expected, support for an indirect effect of job demands and job resources on emotional exhaustion and work engagement through job crafting and self-undermining. Work ability, on the other hand, was mainly affected by emotional exhaustion, but not by work engagement. Most important, we found significant differences between path coefficients across the five types of job satisfaction indicating that these types represent important constellations of personal resources and job demands that should be considered both for analyzing stress at work and for offering tailored stress interventions in organizations.
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Wang P, Chu P, Wang J, Pan R, Sun Y, Yan M, Jiao L, Zhan X, Zhang D. Association Between Job Stress and Organizational Commitment in Three Types of Chinese University Teachers: Mediating Effects of Job Burnout and Job Satisfaction. Front Psychol 2020; 11:576768. [PMID: 33132985 PMCID: PMC7578428 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as the theoretical framework, this study examines the relationship between job stress, job burnout, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among 1,906 university teachers in China, and investigates teachers’ differences across groups. The result of SEM indicates that job burnout and job satisfaction could play mediating roles between job stress and organizational commitment. The result of multi-group analysis shows that for national university teachers, the positive effect of job stress on job burnout is the highest among three types of university teachers, the negative effect of job burnout on organizational commitment is lower compared with provincial university teachers and the negative effect of job burnout on job satisfaction is lower compared with provincial university teachers. Only for provincial university teachers, the job stress can significantly positively predict organizational commitment, and the independent mediating effect of job burnout is significantly greater than job satisfaction. The practical advice to enhance Chinese university teachers’ organizational commitment was provided in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,The Laboratory of Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Chu
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Runsheng Pan
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Longzhen Jiao
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangping Zhan
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Denghao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,The Laboratory of Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Hofer A, Spurk D, Hirschi A. When and why do negative organization-related career shocks impair career optimism? A conditional indirect effect model. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-12-2018-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis study investigates when and why negative organization-related career shocks affect career optimism, which is a positive career-planning attitude. The indirect effect of negative organization-related career shocks on career optimism via job insecurity and the role of perceived organizational career support as a first-stage moderator were investigated.Design/methodology/approachThree-wave time-lagged data from a sample of 728 employees in Switzerland was used. Time-lagged correlations, an indirect effect model and a conditional indirect effect model with bootstrapping were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsFirst, this study showed a significant negative correlation between negative organization-related career shocks (T1) and career optimism (T3), a positive correlation between negative organization-related career shocks (T1) and job insecurity (T2) and a negative correlation between job insecurity (T2) and career optimism (T3). Second, findings revealed that negative organization-related career shocks (T1) have a negative indirect effect on career optimism (T3) via job insecurity (T2). Third, perceived organizational career support (T1) buffers the indirect effect of negative organization-related career shocks (T1) on career optimism (T3).Originality/valueThis study provides an initial examination of the relationship between negative organization-related career shocks and career optimism by applying assumptions from the JD-R model and Conservation of Resources theory. Implications about how to deal with negative career shocks in HRM and career counseling are discussed.
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Vander Elst T, Sercu M, Van den Broeck A, Van Hoof E, Baillien E, Godderis L. Who is more susceptible to job stressors and resources? Sensory-processing sensitivity as a personal resource and vulnerability factor. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225103. [PMID: 31738812 PMCID: PMC6860449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether people scoring higher (compared to lower) on sensory-processing sensitivity respond differently to the work environment. Specifically, based on the literature on sensory-processing sensitivity and the Job Demands-Resources model, we predicted that the three components of sensory-processing sensitivity (i.e. ease of excitation, aesthetic sensitivity and low sensory threshold) amplify the relationship between job demands (i.e. workload and emotional demands) and emotional exhaustion as well as the relationship between job resources (i.e. task autonomy and social support) and helping behaviour. Survey data from 1019 Belgian employees were analysed using structural equation modelling analysis. The results showed that ease of excitation and low sensory threshold amplified the relationship between job demands and emotional exhaustion. Low sensory threshold also strengthened the job resources-helping behaviour relationship. This study offered first evidence on the greater susceptibility among highly sensitive persons to the work environment and demonstrated that the moderating role might differ for the three components of sensory-processing sensitivity. Additionally, it adds sensory-processing sensitivity to the Job Demands-Resources model and highlights the idea that personal factors may act both as a personal vulnerability factor and a personal resource, depending on the nature of the perceived work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Vander Elst
- Knowledge, Information and Research Center, IDEWE Group (an External Service for Prevention and Protection at work), Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Sercu
- Knowledge, Information and Research Center, IDEWE Group (an External Service for Prevention and Protection at work), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Research Centre for Work and Organisation Studies, KU Leuven, Brussels, Belgium
- Optentia, North West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Elke Van Hoof
- Departement Psychology (PSYCH), Faculty of Psychological and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elfi Baillien
- Research Centre for Work and Organisation Studies, KU Leuven, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lode Godderis
- Knowledge, Information and Research Center, IDEWE Group (an External Service for Prevention and Protection at work), Leuven, Belgium
- Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Semeijn J, Van Ruysseveldt J, Vonk G, van Vuuren T. In flight again with wings that were once broken; effects of post-traumatic growth and personal resources on burnout recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-01-2019-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAdequate recovery from burnout is important to understand. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether post-traumatic growth (PTG) contributes to higher engagement and reduced symptoms of burnout and whether this process is mediated by personal resources.Design/methodology/approachIn a cross-sectional survey, 166 Dutch workers who had fully recovered from burnout were questioned on their level of PTG, their personal resources (optimism, resilience and self-efficacy), and their levels of engagement and burnout.FindingsFully recovered workers scored somewhat higher on current burnout level, but did not differ from norm group workers in their engagement level. Moreover, PTG appeared to positively affect both higher engagement and lower burnout levels, which is fully mediated by personal resources.Research limitations/implicationsPost-traumatic growth (PTG) impacts on engagement and burnout levels amongst workers who have recovered from burnout by enhancing personal resources. The role of personal resources and the impact of PTG on engagement and burnout complaints following (recovery from) burnout deserve further investigation.Practical implicationsManagement can support workers who have (recovered from a) burnout, by being aware of their (higher) engagement, and facilitate the enhancement of PTG and personal resources.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to study the role of PTG after (recovery from) burnout and reveals valuable findings for both research and practice.
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12
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Dordoni P, Kraus-Hoogeveen S, Van Der Heijden BIJM, Peters P, Setti I, Fiabane E. Live to Work or Work to Live? An Age-Moderated Mediation Model on the Simultaneous Mechanisms Prompted by Workaholism Among Healthcare Professionals. Front Psychol 2019; 10:868. [PMID: 31133912 PMCID: PMC6514219 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The "aging population" implies an increased proportion of older professionals and a growing demand for healthcare services. Healthcare professionals are often highly committed to their work which can be reflected in high levels of workaholism, being a double-edged sword that can prompt both positive and negative mechanisms, differently affecting younger and older healthcare workers. The present study aims to gain insights into the relationships between healthcare professionals' age, workaholism and job satisfaction, by estimating the sequential mediating roles of workload perceptions and emotional exhaustion. We used original survey data, including information on 750 healthcare professionals. Overall, the negative relationship between workaholism and job satisfaction was shown to be sequentially (and partially) mediated by workload perceptions and emotional exhaustion. Multi-Group SEM analyses revealed differences across three age groups (under 35; between 35 and 50; over 50). Only in the two younger age groups, we found a direct and positive relationship between workaholism and job satisfaction. In all age groups, we found the negative relationship between workaholism and job satisfaction to be sequentially (and partially) mediated by workload perceptions and emotional exhaustion. The indirect effects were relatively stronger in the younger age group. Workaholism can prompt both a "gain spiral" and "a loss spiral" among healthcare professionals. The first reflects workaholism to function as a job resource fostering job satisfaction (only for the two younger age groups). The second reflects workaholism to function as a job demand reducing job satisfaction. This mechanism was shown to be stronger with an increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dordoni
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sascha Kraus-Hoogeveen
- Faculty of Economics and Management, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Schouten Global, Centre of Research, Knowledge and Innovation, Zaltbommel, Netherlands
| | - Beatrice I. J. M. Van Der Heijden
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Business School, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Kingston Business School, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Peters
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Center for Strategy, Organization and Leadership, Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Setti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Fiabane
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Madrid HP, Patterson MG. How and for Whom Time Control Matter for Innovation? The Role of Positive Affect and Problem‐Solving Demands. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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van der Doef MP, Schelvis RMC. Relations Between Psychosocial Job Characteristics and Work Ability in Employees with Chronic Headaches. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019; 29:119-127. [PMID: 29637456 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to determine (a) to which extent job demands and job resources predict work ability in employees with chronic headaches, and (b) whether work ability in these employees is more hampered by high demands and more enhanced by resources than in employees without chronic disease. Methods All employees with chronic headaches (n = 593) and without chronic disease (n = 13,742) were selected from The Netherlands Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2013. This survey assessed amongst others job characteristics and various indicators of work ability, i.e. sick leave, employability, work engagement, and emotional exhaustion. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for employees with chronic headaches and compared to employees without chronic disease, controlling for age, gender and educational level. Results In employees with chronic headaches higher quantitative and emotional demands contributed to higher emotional exhaustion, and higher emotional demands to higher sick leave. Higher cognitive demands were however associated with higher work engagement. Higher autonomy was related to higher employability and lower emotional exhaustion. Higher supervisor and colleague support was associated with higher employability, higher engagement and lower emotional exhaustion. Higher supervisor support was associated with lower sick leave. Supervisor support emerged as a stronger predictor for emotional exhaustion in the employees with chronic headaches than in the employees without chronic disease. Conclusions Job demands and job resources are important for work ability in employees with chronic headaches. Furthermore, results suggest that these employees benefit more strongly from supervisor support than employees without chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot P van der Doef
- Institute of Psychology, Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Roosmarijn M C Schelvis
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Work, Health & Technology, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Burning Rubber or Burning out? The Influence of Role Stressors on Burnout among Truck Drivers. LOGISTICS-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/logistics3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Professional truck drivers are prone to both physical and psychological stress. Such stress can lead to burnout. Drawing on Job Demands Resources literature and stress research, we investigate the relationship between job related role stressors and three components of burnout, among professional truck drivers who are based in the Netherlands. They were surveyed with a time-lagged design (interval of two months). In the first wave, the different potential causes of burnout were measured (role conflict, role ambiguity, quality of sleep, and the perceived emotional intelligence of the dispatcher). In the second wave, the three elements of burnout were measured: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. The results of our study indicate that role conflict relates positively to all three components of a burnout. The emotional intelligence of the dispatcher—as perceived by the truck drivers—was negatively related with the three components of a burnout. Finally, the quality of sleep had an impact on depersonalization and emotional exhaustion. Theoretically, several job specific role stressors are confirmed to play a role in truck driver burnout. However, the top three role stressors all appeared to be related to the trucking industry, instead of a particular employer, and they may therefore require national policy measures.
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16
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Why work meaningfulness alone is not enough: The role of social identification and task interdependence as facilitative boundary conditions. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Challenge accepted! Distinguishing between challenge- and hindrance demands. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-04-2017-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to test a model that differentiated between two types of job demands in relation to basic psychological need satisfaction, work motivation, and, in turn, employee well-being. In particular, job challenges and job hindrances were hypothesized to relate to this motivational process in different ways.
Design/methodology/approach
Survey data from a sample of 160 entrepreneurs were used in path analyses to test the hypothesized relations.
Findings
The results showed that job challenges related positively to autonomy- and competence need satisfaction as well as to autonomous work motivation, while job hindrances related negatively to satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. Further, satisfaction of the need for autonomy, competence and relatedness related positively to autonomous work motivation. Finally, all of the three basic psychological needs as well as autonomous work motivation related directly and positively to vitality.
Originality/value
These results support a view on job challenges and job hindrances as distinct within the job demands-resources model by showing how they are differently related to basic psychological needs, autonomous work motivation and, subsequently, worker well-being.
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18
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Kim S, Christensen AL. The Dark and Bright Sides of Personal Use of Technology at Work: A Job Demands–Resources Model. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1534484317725438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As employees increasingly use technology for personal purposes in the workplace, tensions between proponents of control versus flexibility are rising. Proponents of control emphasize negative consequences and argue for employee restrictions and monitoring, whereas those for flexibility highlight positive consequences and advocate for employee discretion. We build consensus between these two approaches by adopting the job demands–resources model to show why the personal use of technology at work has both negative and positive effects on organizational outcomes, and then, we theorize about several boundary conditions that mitigate or strengthen these effects. We discuss implications for human resource development (HRD) scholars and professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungdoo Kim
- Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Collie RJ, Martin AJ. Teachers' sense of adaptability: Examining links with perceived autonomy support, teachers' psychological functioning, and students' numeracy achievement. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Tadić Vujčić M, Oerlemans WGM, Bakker AB. How challenging was your work today? The role of autonomous work motivation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2016.1208653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Vander Elst T, Cavents C, Daneels K, Johannik K, Baillien E, Van den Broeck A, Godderis L. Job demands-resources predicting burnout and work engagement among Belgian home health care nurses: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Outlook 2016; 64:542-556. [PMID: 27427405 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better knowledge of the job aspects that may predict home health care nurses' burnout and work engagement is important in view of stress prevention and health promotion. The Job Demands-Resources model predicts that job demands and resources relate to burnout and work engagement but has not previously been tested in the specific context of home health care nursing. PURPOSE The present study offers a comprehensive test of the Job-Demands Resources model in home health care nursing. We investigate the main and interaction effects of distinctive job demands (workload, emotional demands and aggression) and resources (autonomy, social support and learning opportunities) on burnout and work engagement. METHODS Analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data from 675 Belgian home health care nurses, who participated in a voluntary and anonymous survey. RESULTS The results show that workload and emotional demands were positively associated with burnout, whereas aggression was unrelated to burnout. All job resources were associated with higher levels of work engagement and lower levels of burnout. In addition, social support buffered the positive relationship between workload and burnout. CONCLUSIONS Home health care organizations should invest in dealing with workload and emotional demands and stimulating the job resources under study to reduce the risk of burnout and increase their nurses' work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Vander Elst
- Knowledge, Information and Research Center (KIR), IDEWE, An External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium; Occupational & Organisational Psychology and Professional Learning, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Kristien Johannik
- Knowledge, Information and Research Center (KIR), IDEWE, An External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Elfi Baillien
- Human Relations Research Group, KU Leuven, Brussels, Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, Belgium
| | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Human Relations Research Group, KU Leuven, Brussels, Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, Belgium; Optentia, North West University, Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng, South-Africa
| | - Lode Godderis
- Knowledge, Information and Research Center (KIR), IDEWE, An External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium; Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
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22
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Mazzetti G, Biolcati R, Guglielmi D, Vallesi C, Schaufeli WB. Individual Characteristics Influencing Physicians' Perceptions of Job Demands and Control: The Role of Affectivity, Work Engagement and Workaholism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060567. [PMID: 27275828 PMCID: PMC4924024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The first purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of individual characteristics, i.e., positive and negative affectivity, in explaining the different perception of job control and job demands in a particularly demanding environment such as the healthcare setting. In addition, we aimed to explore the mediational role of work engagement and workaholism using the Job Demands-Resources Model as a theoretical framework. Data were collected using a sample of 269 Italian head physicians working in nine general hospitals. To test our hypotheses, the collected data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Moreover, Sobel Test and bootstrapping were employed to assess the mediating hypotheses. Our results indicated that positive affectivity is related to work engagement, which, in its turn, showed a positive association with job control. In addition, workaholism mediated the relationship between negative affectivity and job demands. All in all, this study represents a first attempt to explore the role of trait affectivity as a dispositional characteristic able to foster the level of work engagement and workaholism exhibited by employees and, in turn, to increase the perceived levels of job control and job demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Mazzetti
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, Via Filippo Re, 6-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Biolcati
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, Via Filippo Re, 6-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dina Guglielmi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, Via Filippo Re, 6-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Caryn Vallesi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, Via Filippo Re, 6-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Wilmar B Schaufeli
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Frins W, van Ruysseveldt J, van Dam K, van den Bossche SN. Older employees’ desired retirement age: a JD-R perspective. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-05-2013-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– Using the job demands-resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how job demands and job resources affect older employees’ desired retirement age, through an energy-depletion and a motivational process. Furthermore, the importance of gain and loss cycles (i.e. recursive effects) for the desired retirement age was investigated.
Design/methodology/approach
– A two wave full panel design with 2,897 older employees (
>
50) served to test the hypotheses. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the measurement and research model. Cross-lagged analyses tested the presence of gain and loss cycles.
Findings
– Results from cross-lagged analyses based on two waves over a one-year period indicated the presence of both a gain and a loss cycle that affected the desired retirement age.
Research limitations/implications
– This is the first longitudinal study applying the JD-R model to a retirement context. Limitations relate to employing only two waves for establishing mediation, and using self-reports.
Practical implications
– Because work conditions can create a cycle of motivation as well as a cycle of depletion, organizations should pay special attention to the job resources and demands of older workers. The findings can inspire organizations when developing active aging policies, and contribute to interventions aimed at maintaining older employees within the workforce until – or even beyond – their official retirement age in a motivated and healthy way.
Originality/value
– This is the first longitudinal study applying the JD-R model to a retirement context and finding evidence for gain and loss cycles.
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Schaufeli WB. Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-02-2015-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to integrate leadership into the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Based on self-determination theory, it was argued that engaging leaders who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers would reduce employee’s levels of burnout and increase their levels of work engagement.
Design/methodology/approach
– An online survey was conducted among a representative sample of the Dutch workforce (n=1,213) and the research model was tested using structural equation modeling.
Findings
– It appeared that leadership only had an indirect effect on burnout and engagement – via job demands and job resources – but not a direct effect. Moreover, leadership also had a direct relationship with organizational outcomes such as employability, performance, and commitment.
Research limitations/implications
– The study used a cross-sectional design and all variables were based on self-reports. Hence, results should be replicated in a longitudinal study and using more objective measures (e.g. for work performance).
Practical implications
– Since engaged leaders, who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers, provide a work context in which employees thrive, organizations are well advised to promote engaging leadership.
Social implications
– Leadership seems to be a crucial factor which has an indirect impact – via job demands and job resources – on employee well-being.
Originality/value
– The study demonstrates that engaging leadership can be integrated into the JD-R framework.
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25
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Tadić M, Bakker AB, Oerlemans WGM. Challenge versus hindrance job demands and well-being: A diary study on the moderating role of job resources. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Tadić
- Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Arnold B. Bakker
- Erasmus University Rotterdam; the Netherlands
- Lingnan University; Tuen Mun Hong Kong
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Vander Elst T, Van den Broeck A, De Cuyper N, De Witte H. On the reciprocal relationship between job insecurity and employee well-being: Mediation by perceived control? JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Vander Elst
- Research Group on Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology; KU Leuven; Belgium
| | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Human Relations Research Group; KU Leuven; Belgium
- Optentia Research Focus Area; North-West University; South Africa
| | - Nele De Cuyper
- Research Group on Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology; KU Leuven; Belgium
| | - Hans De Witte
- Research Group on Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology; KU Leuven; Belgium
- Optentia Research Focus Area; North-West University; South Africa
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