1
|
Quigley KS, Gianaros PJ, Norman GJ, Jennings JR, Berntson GG, de Geus EJC. Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology-Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement. Psychophysiology 2024:e14604. [PMID: 38873876 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This Committee Report provides methodological, interpretive, and reporting guidance for researchers who use measures of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in psychophysiological research. We provide brief summaries of best practices in measuring HR and HRV via electrocardiographic and photoplethysmographic signals in laboratory, field (ambulatory), and brain-imaging contexts to address research questions incorporating measures of HR and HRV. The Report emphasizes evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of different recording and derivation methods for measures of HR and HRV. Along with this guidance, the Report reviews what is known about the origin of the heartbeat and its neural control, including factors that produce and influence HRV metrics. The Report concludes with checklists to guide authors in study design and analysis considerations, as well as guidance on the reporting of key methodological details and characteristics of the samples under study. It is expected that rigorous and transparent recording and reporting of HR and HRV measures will strengthen inferences across the many applications of these metrics in psychophysiology. The prior Committee Reports on HR and HRV are several decades old. Since their appearance, technologies for human cardiac and vascular monitoring in laboratory and daily life (i.e., ambulatory) contexts have greatly expanded. This Committee Report was prepared for the Society for Psychophysiological Research to provide updated methodological and interpretive guidance, as well as to summarize best practices for reporting HR and HRV studies in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Greg J Norman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary G Berntson
- Department of Psychology & Psychiatry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chuangchai W, Pothisiri W, Wonghempoom A. Measuring effects of height on the autonomic nervous system in middle-aged adolescents using the very low frequency band of heart rate variability. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:569-579. [PMID: 35815817 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed the association between falling accidents and stress, measured via heart rate variability (HRV). However, none have studied this association using the very low frequency (VLF) band of HRV in adolescent populations. This study aimed to fill this gap by recruiting 90 adolescents to perform a light physical task at varying heights. Heart rates were used to calculate short-term HRV. The results showed a positive correlation between VLF bands and parasympathetic indices and a negative correlation with sympathetic indices, demonstrating the balancing effects of the autonomic modulation associated with height. The lowest VLF bands were obtained as 79.25 ms2 at 10 m (p < 0.001) and 62.87 ms2 at 9 m (p < 0.001) for the experienced and non-experienced male groups, respectively, and 28.09 ms2 at 6 m (p = 0.001) for the female group. The results also suggested the need for a relatively lower height restriction for female adolescents than for males.Practitioner summary: Increased working heights can cause stress, which leads to falling accidents. The very low frequency band was shown to be associated with parasympathetic and sympathetic indices. Furthermore, the results suggested that the height limit necessary for providing a safe working environment may be lower for female adolescents than for males.Abbreviations: HRV: heart rate variability; VLF: very low frequency; ms2: absolute power; ANS: autonomic nervous system; PNS: parasympathetic nervous system; SNS: sympathetic nervous system; RR: intervals between two successive peaks of R waves; RMSSD: root mean square of successive RR interval differences; SD1: Poincaré plot index of standard deviation 1; SD2: Poincaré plot index of standard deviation 2; HF: high frequency; LF: low frequency; BMI: body mass index; ECG: electrocardiography; HR: heart rate; FFT: fast Fourier transformation; IQR: interquartile range; r: non-parametric partial correlation coefficient; η2: eta-squared; EM: experienced males; NM: non-experienced males; NF: non-experienced females; EEG: electroencephalogram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wiraporn Pothisiri
- College of Population Studies, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiruck Wonghempoom
- School of Science, Exercise and Sport Science Program, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Zhu K, Kaur A, Recker R, Yang J, Kiourti A. Quantifying Cognitive Workload Using a Non-Contact Magnetocardiography (MCG) Wearable Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9115. [PMID: 36501816 PMCID: PMC9735863 DOI: 10.3390/s22239115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying cognitive workload, i.e., the level of mental effort put forth by an individual in response to a cognitive task, is relevant for healthcare, training and gaming applications. However, there is currently no technology available that can readily and reliably quantify the cognitive workload of an individual in a real-world environment at a seamless way and affordable price. In this work, we overcome these limitations and demonstrate the feasibility of a magnetocardiography (MCG) sensor to reliably classify high vs. low cognitive workload while being non-contact, fully passive and low-cost, with the potential to have a wearable form factor. The operating principle relies on measuring the naturally emanated magnetic fields from the heart and subsequently analyzing the heart rate variability (HRV) matrix in three time-domain parameters: standard deviation of RR intervals (SDRR); root mean square of successive differences between heartbeats (RMSSD); and mean values of adjacent R-peaks in the cardiac signals (MeanRR). A total of 13 participants were recruited, two of whom were excluded due to low signal quality. The results show that SDRR and RMSSD achieve a 100% success rate in classifying high vs. low cognitive workload, while MeanRR achieves a 91% success rate. Tests for the same individual yield an intra-subject classification accuracy of 100% for all three HRV parameters. Future studies should leverage machine learning and advanced digital signal processing to achieve automated classification of cognitive workload and reliable operation in a natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Wang
- ElectroScience Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Keren Zhu
- ElectroScience Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Archana Kaur
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Robyn Recker
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Asimina Kiourti
- ElectroScience Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Linares Gutiérrez D, Schmidt S, Meissner K, Wittmann M. Changes in Subjective Time and Self during Meditation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081116. [PMID: 35892973 PMCID: PMC9330740 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Meditation induces an altered state of consciousness, which is often described by meditators as being in the present moment and losing one’s sense of time and self. Few studies have assessed these experiences. We invited 22 experienced meditators to participate in two experimental sessions lasting 20 min each (1) to meditate and (2) to read a story as a control condition. We measured their heart and breathing rates during these two sessions and conducted a metronome task before and after each session. In this task, participants had to group metronome beats into perceptual units, a measure of the duration of the present moment. In comparison to the reading condition, the heart and breathing rates showed a mix of increased as well as decreased bodily activity in the meditation condition. In the meditation condition, participants subjectively perceived their body boundaries less strongly, paid less attention to time, and felt time pass more quickly compared to the control condition. No differences between conditions were apparent for the metronome task. This study is the first to show how the sense of self and time are relatively diminished during meditation. Abstract This study examined the effects of meditative states in experienced meditators on present-moment awareness, subjective time, and self-awareness while assessing meditation-induced changes in heart-rate variability and breathing rate. A sample of 22 experienced meditators who practiced meditation techniques stressing awareness of the present moment (average 20 years of practice) filled out subjective scales pertaining to sense of time and the bodily self and accomplished a metronome task as an operationalization of present-moment awareness before and after a 20 min meditation session (experimental condition) and a 20 min reading session (control condition) according to a within-subject design. A mixed pattern of increased sympathetic and parasympathetic activity was found during meditation regarding heart-rate measures. Breathing intervals were prolonged during meditation. Participants perceived their body boundaries as less salient during meditation than while reading the story; they also felt time passed more quickly and they paid less attention to time during meditation. No significant differences between conditions became apparent for the metronome task. This is probably the first quantitative study to show how the experience of time during a meditation session is altered together with the sense of the bodily self.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damisela Linares Gutiérrez
- Institute of Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
- Palliative Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Institute of Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Meissner
- Division of Integrative Health Promotion, Department of Social Work and Health, Coburg University of Applied Sciences, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute of Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gatzke-Kopp L, Zhang X, Creavey KL, Skowron EA. An event-based analysis of maternal physiological reactivity following aversive child behaviors. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14093. [PMID: 35567524 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research investigating the association between parents' physiological reactivity and their ability to self-regulate in parenting contexts typically examines the average physiological response across the duration of a dyadic task, conflating reactivity across a multitude of parent and child behaviors. The present study utilized a moving-window analytical technique to generate a continuous, second × second time series of mothers' high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) to conduct an event-based analysis of maternal reactivity in the 10 s following an aversive child event. Analyses examined whether maternal reactivity related to parenting behaviors similarly among maltreating (n = 48) and non-maltreating (n = 29) mother-preschooler dyads. Results indicate that maternal behavior was not associated with average HF-HRV reactivity, but mothers who demonstrated an increase in HF-HRV immediately following a negative child event were more likely to engage in behaviors to return the dyad to a positive state. Findings were specific to incidents of negative child behavior, and results were not moderated by maltreatment status. These results highlight the value of using an event-based design to isolate reactivity in response to targeted events to understand how physiological reactivity supports parenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xutong Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristine L Creavey
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reinhart P, Griffin K, Micheyl C. Changes in Heart Rate Variability Following Acoustic Therapy in Individuals With Tinnitus. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:1413-1419. [PMID: 33820426 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate changes in autonomic function, as measured by heart rate variability, in individuals with tinnitus following acoustic therapy implemented using tinnitus maskers presented via hearing aids. Method Twenty-six individuals with tinnitus and hearing impairment completed an 8-week field trial wearing hearing aids providing acoustic therapy via three tinnitus masker options set just below minimum masking level. Tinnitus handicap was measured using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory at baseline (before starting acoustic therapy) and posttreatment (at end of 8-week trial). Resting heart rate and heart rate variability were measured using electrocardiography at baseline and posttreatment. Results There was a significant decrease in tinnitus handicap posttreatment compared to baseline. There was no change in heart rate, but there was a significant increase in heart rate variability posttreatment compared to baseline. Conclusions Acoustic therapy using tinnitus maskers delivered via hearing aids provided tinnitus relief and produced a concurrent increase in heart rate variability, suggesting a decrease in stress. Heart rate variability is a potential biomarker for tracking efficacy of acoustic therapy; however, further research is required.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zalabarria U, Irigoyen E, Lowe A. Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation based on arterial pulse wave foot point detection using artificial neural networks. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 197:105681. [PMID: 32771834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that is strongly related to the risk of stroke. Some methods in the literature approach AF diagnosis based on cardiovascular signals of several minutes in length. However, many traditional methods utilized to monitor health status in terms of AF rely on electrocardiograms, which are time consuming and require specialized equipment to collect. By contrast, more practical systems focus on noninvasively collected short-term cardiovascular signals, such as arterial pulse waveforms (APWs). METHODS In this paper, an AF diagnosis algorithm based on the processing of parameters extracted from short-length heart period (HP) measures is proposed. The HP is obtained by locating foot points (FPOs) in 10-second epochs of APW signals. The algorithm consists of two main stages. First, five parameters representative of the APW morphology are extracted to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model for FPO detection. The moving interpolation difference method and an improved second derivative maximum method are employed for APW parameter extraction. Second, 13 temporal-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear HP parameters are extracted from the previously identified FPOs. These are subsequently orthogonalized using principal component analysis to train a second ANN for effective AF diagnosis. RESULTS Both ANNs were trained and validated on a labeled data set with 20-fold cross-validation, achieving a mean sensitivity and specificity of 97.53% and 90.13%, respectively, for AF diagnosis and an F1 score of 99.18% for FPO identification. CONCLUSIONS This paper presents a validated solution for the diagnosis of AF from APW records using parameters derived from HP measures. In addition, compared to that of a commercial BP+ device, improved FPO detection performance is achieved, making the proposed algorithm a strong candidate for the automatic detection of FPOs in oscillometric devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unai Zalabarria
- Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering of the UPV/EHU, Bilbao, 48013, Spain.
| | - Eloy Irigoyen
- Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering of the UPV/EHU, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Andrew Lowe
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, School of Engineering, Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keen L, Tan AY, Abbate A. Inverse associations between parasympathetic activity and cognitive flexibility in African Americans: Preliminary findings. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:204-209. [PMID: 32610053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that vagal activity and executive function (EF) are positively associated. However, existing data exploring the relationship between HRV and EF remains limited. Though Blacks may have higher HRV, they remain underrepresented in previous research examining HRV and EF. The current study aimed to determine the relationship between EF and HRV in a sample of 92 Black undergraduates (Mean age = 20.32, SD = 2.28). Participants wore an 6‑lead ambulatory electrocardiographic impedance monitoring system to obtain the root mean square of interbeat interval differences (rMSSD) and Cardiac Sympathetic Index. After baseline autonomic activity assessment, participants completed the Berg Card Sorting Test. Utilizing hierarchical regression analyses, HRV was negatively associated with correct responses (Beta = -0.40, SE = 0.04, p=0.01) and categories experienced (Beta = -0.37, SE = 0.01, p=0.01), and positively associated with total errors (Beta = 0.39, SE =0.04, p=0.01). To further elucidate these findings, participants were assigned to coinhibition (n = 12), parasympathetically dominant (n = 34), sympathetically dominant (n = 35), or coactivation (n = 11) autonomic space subgroups. Participants in the sympathetically dominant subgroup completed more categories (M = 6.86, SD = 2.13) and committed fewer errors (M = 30.63, SD = 11.53) than their parasympathetic counterparts (M = 5.74, SD = 2.44; M = 43.29, SD = 18.83, respectively). This study suggests that a state of sympathetic arousal immediately prior to the administration of an EF task, may aid in better task performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry Keen
- Department of Psychology, Virginia State University, United States of America.
| | - Alex Y Tan
- Division of Cardiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, United States of America.
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Linares Gutierrez D, Kübel S, Giersch A, Schmidt S, Meissner K, Wittmann M. Meditation-Induced States, Vagal Tone, and Breathing Activity Are Related to Changes in Auditory Temporal Integration. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:bs9050051. [PMID: 31067755 PMCID: PMC6562910 DOI: 10.3390/bs9050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is based on the relationship between meditation, the present moment, and psychophysiology. We employed the metronome task to operationalize the extension of the present moment. A pre-post longitudinal study was conducted. The performance in the metronome task was compared before and after the interventions (meditation, story). The aim was to assess whether physiological changes (heart, breathing) during meditation influence the temporal-integration (TI) of metronome beats. Mindfulness meditators either meditated (n = 41) or listened to a story (n = 43). The heart and breathing activity were recorded during the intervention and compared to a resting-state condition. By applying path analyses we found that meditation led to an increase of the duration of integration intervals at the slowest metronome frequency (inter-stimulus interval, ISI = 3 s). After meditation, the higher the heart-rate variability (i.e., the root mean square of successive differences, RMSSD), the longer the duration of integration intervals at the fastest frequency (ISI = 0.33 s). Moreover, the higher the breathing rate during meditation, the greater the integration of intervals at ISI = 1 s. These findings add evidence to meditation-induced changes on the TI of metronome beats and the concept of the embodiment of mental functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Kübel
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Anne Giersch
- INSERM U1114, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
- FMTS, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Karin Meissner
- Division of Integrative Health Promotion, Department of Social Work and Health, University of Applied Sciences, 96450 Coburg, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lepage J, Bègue L, Zerhouni O, Courset R, Mermillod M. Influence of authoritarianism, vagal tone and mental fatigue on obedience to authority. Cogn Emot 2018; 33:157-172. [PMID: 29502460 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1439827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that obedience in the Milgram paradigm is underpinned by stress vulnerability and inhibitory control over pain sharing. Because self-regulatory fatigue (SRF) induction is a suited method to investigate the influence of inhibitory control on behaviour, participants (n = 99) were randomly assigned to a High vs. Low self-regulatory condition. Heart rate variability (HRV, a biomarker of stress vulnerability) was collected during 5-min baseline and continuously during the experimental procedure. Prior to the experiment, participants completed an online survey assessing right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), a well-known predictor of obedience. Using the Immersive Video Milgram Obedience Experiment, we found (i) that lower resting HRV predicted higher destructive obedience, (ii) that low self-regulatory inhibition (induced by fatigue) reduced destructive obedience, (iii) that the well-established influence of RWA on destructive obedience was suppressed in the presence of SRF. Implications for future directions in obedience research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lepage
- a Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Psychologie, Département de psychologie , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Laurent Bègue
- a Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Psychologie, Département de psychologie , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- b Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de psychologie , Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense , Nanterre , France
| | - Rémi Courset
- a Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Psychologie, Département de psychologie , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Martial Mermillod
- c Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, CNRS UMR 5105, Département de psychologie , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France.,d Institut Universitaire de France , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity During Speech Repetition Tasks: Heart Rate Variability and Skin Conductance. Ear Hear 2018; 37 Suppl 1:118S-25S. [PMID: 27355761 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and emotional challenges may elicit a physiological stress response that can include arousal of the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight response) and withdrawal of the parasympathetic nervous system (responsible for recovery and rest). This article reviews studies that have used measures of electrodermal activity (skin conductance) and heart rate variability (HRV) to index sympathetic and parasympathetic activity during auditory tasks. In addition, the authors present results from a new study with normal-hearing listeners examining the effects of speaking rate on changes in skin conductance and high-frequency HRV (HF-HRV). Sentence repetition accuracy for normal and fast speaking rates was measured in noise using signal to noise ratios that were adjusted to approximate 80% accuracy (+3 dB fast rate; 0 dB normal rate) while monitoring skin conductance and HF-HRV activity. A significant increase in skin conductance level (reflecting sympathetic nervous system arousal) and a decrease in HF-HRV (reflecting parasympathetic nervous system withdrawal) were observed with an increase in speaking rate indicating sensitivity of both measures to increased task demand. Changes in psychophysiological reactivity with increased auditory task demand may reflect differences in listening effort, but other person-related factors such as motivation and stress may also play a role. Further research is needed to understand how psychophysiological activity during listening tasks is influenced by the acoustic characteristics of stimuli, task demands, and by the characteristics and emotional responses of the individual.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mackersie CL, Kearney L. Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Hearing-Related Demand and Evaluative Threat. Am J Audiol 2017; 26:373-377. [PMID: 29049621 DOI: 10.1044/2017_aja-16-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper consists of 2 parts. The purpose of Part 1 was to review the potential influence of internal (person-related) factors on listening effort. The purpose of Part 2 was to present, in support of Part 1, preliminary data illustrating the interactive effects of an external factor (task demand) and an internal factor (evaluative threat) on autonomic nervous system measures. METHOD For Part 1, we provided a brief narrative review of motivation and stress as modulators of listening effort. For Part 2, we described preliminary data from a study using a repeated-measures (2 × 2) design involving manipulations of task demand (high, low) and evaluative threat (high, low). The low-demand task consisted of repetition of sentences from a narrative. The high-demand task consisted of answering questions about the narrative, requiring both comprehension and recall. During the high evaluative threat condition, participants were filmed and told that their video recordings would be evaluated by a panel of experts. During the low evaluative threat condition, no filming occurred; participants were instructed to "do your best." Skin conductance (sympathetic nervous system activity) and heart rate variability (HRV, parasympathetic activity) were measured during the listening tasks. The HRV measure was the root mean square of successive differences of adjacent interbeat intervals. Twelve adults with hearing loss participated. RESULTS Skin conductance increased and HRV decreased relative to baseline (no task) for all listening conditions. Skin conductance increased significantly with an increase in evaluative threat, but only for the more demanding task. There was no significant change in HRV in response to increasing evaluative threat or task demand. CONCLUSIONS Listening effort may be influenced by factors other than task difficulty, as reviewed in Part 1. This idea is supported by the preliminary data indicating that the sympathetic nervous system response to task demand is modulated by social evaluative threat. More work is needed to determine the relative contributions of motivation and emotional stress on physiological responses during listening tasks.
Collapse
|
13
|
Condy EE, Scarpa A, Friedman BH. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Predicts Restricted Repetitive Behavior Severity. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:2795-2804. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Davydov DM, Luminet O, Zech E. An externally oriented style of thinking as a moderator of responses to affective films in women. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 87:152-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
15
|
Foster PS, Roosa KM, Drago V, Branch K, Finney G, Heilman KM. Recall of word lists is enhanced with increased spreading activation. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2013; 20:553-66. [PMID: 23298321 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2012.747672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Some evidence exists supporting a relationship between spreading activation in semantic/lexical memory networks and episodic memory. However, the results have been mixed and there have been no investigations examining whether a relationship exists between variability in spreading activation and episodic memory. Hence, we sought to investigate these potential relationships. Thirteen individuals were administered the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). The average word frequency of all the "F" words generated on the COWAT was used as a measure of spreading activation. Variability in spreading activation was assessed by calculating the variability of the word frequencies from the COWAT across time. The results confirmed our hypotheses, with significant negative correlations found between free recall on the HVLT-R and both the average word frequency and measures of variability in spreading activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Foster
- Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hansen AL, Kvale G, Stubhaug B, Thayer JF. Heart Rate Variability and Fatigue in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After a Comprehensive Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy Program. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In psychotherapy research, there is a general lack of studies that include objective measurements that provide information about the basic underlying mechanisms involved in behavioral and psychiatric conditions. In this pilot study, we investigated cardiovascular activity and self-reported fatigue in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) compared to normal healthy controls who served as a reference group. Furthermore, based on a one-group pre-post design, we investigated whether exposure to a Comprehensive Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CCBT) program resulted in any changes in cardiovascular activity and self-reported fatigue in CFS patients. Overall, 19 female CFS patients and 21 normal healthy controls were included in the study. Cardiovascular activity measurements were heart rate (HR), low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF ratio), and heart rate variability (the root mean of the squared successive differences; rMSSD). Fatigue was measured using the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire. Analyses of the results indicated that, compared to normal healthy controls, CFS patients were characterized by higher HR and self-reported fatigue prior to exposure to the CCBT. Interestingly, CFS patients showed a significant decrease in LF/HF ratio indicating a shift in sympathovagal balance toward greater vagal activation, and levels of experienced fatigue subsequent to CCBT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita L. Hansen
- University of Bergen, Department of Psychosocial Science and Center for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Gerd Kvale
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, OCD-unit/Frihamnsenteret Clinic, Skånevik, Norway
| | - Bjarte Stubhaug
- Section of Mental Health Research, Helse Fonna HF, Frihamnsenteret Clinic, Skånevik, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weston KS, Sacre JW, Jellis CL, Coombes JS. Contribution of autonomic dysfunction to abnormal exercise blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 16:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
18
|
Foster PS, Hubbard T, Yung RC, Ferguson BJ, Drago V, Harrison DW. Cerebral asymmetry in the control of cardiovascular functioning: evidence from lateral vibrotactile stimulation. Laterality 2012; 18:108-19. [PMID: 23231546 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2011.631545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Research has supported hemispheric specialisation in the regulation of cardiovascular functioning, with the left hemisphere being associated with parasympathetic functioning and the right hemisphere with sympathetic functioning. We sought to investigate this relationship further using vibrotactile stimulation applied to the palms. Our prediction was that vibrotactile stimulation applied to the left hand would result in increased heart rate and blood pressure, and that stimulation applied to the right hand would result in decreased heart rate and blood pressure. The results indicated significant differences in heart rate change scores in the predicted direction. No differences were noted for systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Hence the findings provide partial support for the lateralisation of autonomic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Foster
- Psychology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu X, Pei L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Dai Y. Characteristics of magnetocardiography and electrocardiography in the time-frequency domain. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Davydov DM, Zech E, Luminet O. Affective Context of Sadness and Physiological Response Patterns. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that two films that induce a sad feeling would elicit different physiological responses depending on an additional context of the film contents related to either avoidance (disgust) or attachment (tenderness). Reactivity was evaluated for facial behavior, heart rate, pulse transit time, skin conductance, and subjective experience. Participants reported feeling less happy and showed increased facial activity related to the sad content of both films. The sad film related to avoidance induced an increase in skin conductance level and response rate. In contrast, the sad film related to attachment induced a decrease in amplitude of skin conductance responses and heart rate. The study showed that while the common sad content of both films disturbed mood or provoked negative feelings, additional affective contexts induced either a decrease or an increase in physiological arousal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuelle Zech
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
- Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Scarpa A, Haden SC, Tanaka A. Being hot-tempered: Autonomic, emotional, and behavioral distinctions between childhood reactive and proactive aggression. Biol Psychol 2010; 84:488-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Foster PS, Drago V, Harrison DW, Skidmore F, Crucian GP, Heilman KM. Influence of left versus right hemibody onset Parkinson's disease on cardiovascular control. Laterality 2010; 16:164-73. [PMID: 20306353 DOI: 10.1080/13576500903483507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the left hemisphere is involved in regulating the parasympathetic nervous system, the right hemisphere regulates the sympathetic. Given the asymmetrical onset of motor symptoms and neuropathology in PD, differences in cardiovascular functions might be expected between PD patients with left hemibody onset (LHO) versus right hemibody onset (RHO). A total of 66 PD patients served as participants, including 31 LHO patients and 35 RHO PD patients. All participants had their resting heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) recorded. Although the LHO group had lower systolic BP, it had higher resting HR than did the RHO group. The reason for this dissociation is not known but might be related to asymmetrical vagus nerve control of the heart (SA node). Future researchers might want to use additional indices of cardiovascular functioning that are more precise measures of parasympathetic and sympathetic functioning, as well as learn the influence of dopaminergic medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Foster
- Middle Tennessee State University, Psychology Department, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weinberg A, Klonsky ED, Hajcak G. Autonomic impairment in Borderline Personality Disorder: A laboratory investigation. Brain Cogn 2009; 71:279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Singh D, Vinod K, Saxena SC. Sampling frequency of the RR interval time series for spectral analysis of heart rate variability. J Med Eng Technol 2009; 28:263-72. [PMID: 15513744 DOI: 10.1080/03091900410001662350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is an accepted method for assessment of cardiac autonomic function and its relationship to numerous disorders and diseases. Various non-parametric methods for HRV estimation have been developed and extensive literature on their respective properties is available. The RR interval time series can be seen as a series of non-uniformly spaced samples. To analyse the power spectra of this series using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), we need to interpolate the series for obtaining uniformly spaced intervals. The selection of sampling period plays a critical role in obtaining the power spectra in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, we shall analyse the RR interval time series from selected subjects for different sampling frequencies to compare the error introduced in selected frequency-domain measures of HRV at a constant frequency resolution for a specific duration of electrocardiogram (ECG) data. It should be pointed out that, although many other error causes are possible in the frequency-domain measures, our attention will be confined only to the performance comparison due to the different sampling frequencies. While the choice of RR interval sampling frequency (f(s)) is arbitrary, the sampling rate of RR interval series must be selected with due consideration to mean and minimum RR interval; f(s = )4 Hz was proposed for a majority of cases. This is an appropriate sampling rate for the study of autonomic regulation, since it enables us to compute reliable spectral estimates between dc and 1 Hz, which represents the frequency band within which the autonomic nervous system has significant response. Furthermore, resampled RR intervals are evenly spaced in time and are synchronized with the samples of the other physiologic signals, enabling cross-spectral estimates with these signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Singh
- Electrical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, (U.A.) India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Knepp MM, Friedman BH. Cardiovascular activity during laboratory tasks in women with high and low worry. Biol Psychol 2008; 79:287-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Foster PS, Drago V, Ferguson BJ, Harrison DW. Cerebral moderation of cardiovascular functioning: A functional cerebral systems perspective. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:2846-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
27
|
Manis G, Nikolopoulos S, Alexandridi A, Davos C. Assessment of the classification capability of prediction and approximation methods for HRV analysis. Comput Biol Med 2007; 37:642-54. [PMID: 16904097 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to examine the classification capabilities of various prediction and approximation methods and suggest which are most likely to be suitable for the clinical setting. Various prediction and approximation methods are applied in order to detect and extract those which provide the better differentiation between control and patient data, as well as members of different age groups. The prediction methods are local linear prediction, local exponential prediction, the delay times method, autoregressive prediction and neural networks. Approximation is computed with local linear approximation, least squares approximation, neural networks and the wavelet transform. These methods are chosen since each has a different physical basis and thus extracts and uses time series information in a different way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Manis
- Department of Computer Science, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mashin VA. Nonstationarity and duration of the cardiac interval time series in assessing the functional state of operator personnel. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350907020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
29
|
Friedman BH. An autonomic flexibility–neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone. Biol Psychol 2007; 74:185-99. [PMID: 17069959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research on heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac vagal tone, and their relationship to anxiety is reviewed in the context of the autonomic flexibility and neurovisceral integration models of adaptive functioning. These perspectives address the qualities of response flexibility and inhibition across multiple levels, incorporating central and autonomic nervous system mechanisms of environmental engagement, as well as principles derived from non-linear dynamics. These models predict reduced HRV and vagal tone in anxiety, and the literature has generally supported this prediction, with exceptions as are noted. State, trait, and clinical expressions of anxiety are considered, along with the clinical, methodological, and theoretical implications of this research. A portrayal of anxiety as a restricted response range across biological and behavioral realms of functioning is drawn from the literature on anxiety and HRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Friedman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0436, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Allen JJB, Chambers AS, Towers DN. The many metrics of cardiac chronotropy: a pragmatic primer and a brief comparison of metrics. Biol Psychol 2006; 74:243-62. [PMID: 17070982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on pragmatic issues in obtaining measures of cardiac vagal control, and overviews a set of freely available software tools for obtaining several widely used metrics that putatively reflect sympathetic and/or parasympathetic contributions to cardiac chronotropy. After an overview of those metrics, and a discussion of potential confounds and extraneous influences, an empirical examination of the relationships amongst these metrics is provided. This study examined 10 metrics in 96 unselected college students under conditions of resting baseline and serial paced arithmetic. Intercorrelations between metrics were very high. Factor analyses were conducted on the metrics reflecting variability in cardiac rate, once at baseline and again during mental arithmetic. Factor structure was highly stable across tasks, and included a factor that had high loadings of all variables except Toichi's "cardiac sympathetic index" (CSI), and a second factor that was defined predominantly by the CSI. Although generally highly correlated, the various metrics responded differently under challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0068, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yildiz M, Ider YZ. Model based and experimental investigation of respiratory effect on the HRV power spectrum. Physiol Meas 2006; 27:973-88. [PMID: 16951457 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/27/10/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of respiration in the genesis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been the subject matter of many experimental and modeling studies. It is widely accepted that the high frequency (HF) peak of a HRV power spectrum, which is centered at the average respiratory frequency, is caused by mechanisms activated by respiration. On the other hand, there is a debate on the possible role of respiration in the genesis of the low frequency (LF) peak which is usually centered around 0.1 Hz. In this study, a comprehensive cardiorespiratory interaction model is used to test various hypotheses regarding the role of respiration in the LF peak of HRV. In this model, chest and abdomen circumference signals and lung volume signal are used as respiratory inputs. Simulations are made for periodic, spontaneous and slightly irregular respiratory patterns, and it is observed that the more low frequency (LF) power there in the respiratory signals, the more LF power there in the model-predicted HRV. Experiments on nine volunteers are also performed for the same respiratory patterns and similar results are observed. Furthermore, the actual measured respiratory signals are input to the model and the model predicted and the actual HRVs are compared both in time domain and also with respect to their power spectra. It is concluded in general that respiration not only is the major contributor to the genesis of the HF peak in the HRV power spectrum, but also plays an important role in the genesis of its LF peak. Thus, the LF/HF ratio, which is used to assess sympathovagal balance, cannot be correctly utilized in the absence of simultaneous monitoring of respiration during an HRV test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yildiz
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Foster PS, Harrison DW. Magnitude of cerebral asymmetry at rest: covariation with baseline cardiovascular activity. Brain Cogn 2006; 61:286-97. [PMID: 16600449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral regulation of cardiovascular functioning varies along both a lateral and a longitudinal axis. The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are lateralized to the left and right cerebral hemispheres, respectively. Further, the frontal lobes are known to be inhibitory in nature, whereas the temporal lobes are excitatory. However, no systematic investigation has been conducted to determine the nature and strength of the relationship between the left and right frontal and temporal lobes in regulating cardiovascular activity. The present investigation sought to examine these relationships by testing the hypothesis that negative correlations would be found between baseline heart rate and blood pressure and asymmetry of alpha magnitude across the frontal lobes. Further, positive correlations were hypothesized to exist across the temporal lobes. A total of 20 women were asked to relax with their eyes closed while heart rate and blood pressure as well as quantitative electroencephalography data were obtained. The results indicated that, as hypothesized, significant negative correlations existed across the frontal lobes and significant positive correlations existed across the temporal lobes. The results provide further support for a division of responsibility between the left and right frontal and temporal lobes in the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure.
Collapse
|
33
|
Salomon K. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia During Stress Predicts Resting Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia 3 Years Later in a Pediatric Sample. Health Psychol 2005; 24:68-76. [PMID: 15631564 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The author examined whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) responses to stress predicted resting RSA approximately 3 years later in children and adolescents. A total of 149 children and adolescents (49% girls and women, 44% African Americans) participated in 2 laboratory protocols approximately 3 years apart. RSA reactivity during tasks was consistent within participants across tasks during each session. Resting RSA at Visit 1 explained 17% of the variance in resting RSA at Visit 2 when body mass index, duration between visits, race, gender, and age were controlled for. Visit 1 RSA reactivity explained an additional 5% of the variance in resting RSA at Visit 2. The positive relationship between Visit 1 reactivity and Visit 2 resting levels suggests that larger decreases in RSA during stress predicted lower resting RSA. Conversely, increases in RSA during stress were associated with higher resting RSA an average of 3 years later.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hansen AL, Johnsen BH, Sollers JJ, Stenvik K, Thayer JF. Heart rate variability and its relation to prefrontal cognitive function: the effects of training and detraining. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 93:263-72. [PMID: 15338220 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive function in 37 male sailors from the Royal Norwegian Navy. All subjects participated in an 8-week training program, after which the subjects completed the initial cognitive testing (pretest). The subjects were assigned into a detrained group (DG) and a trained group (TG) based on their application for further duty. The DG withdrew from the training program for 4 weeks after which all subjects then completed the cognitive testing again (post-test). Physical fitness, measured as maximum oxygen consumption (VO2(max)), resting HRV, and cognitive function, measured using a continuous performance task (CPT) and a working memory test (WMT), were recorded during the pre-test and the post-test, and the data presented as the means and standard deviations. The results showed no between-group differences in VO2(max) or HRV at the pre-test. The DG showed a significant decrease in VO2(max) from the pre- to the post-test and a lower resting HRV than the TG on the post-test. Whereas there were no between-group differences on the CPT or WMT at the pre-test, the TG had faster reaction times and more true positive responses on tests of executive function at the post-test compared to the pre-test. The DG showed faster reaction times on non-executive tasks at the post-test compared to the pre-test. The results are discussed within a neurovisceral integration framework linking parasympathetic outflow to the heart to prefrontal neural functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Lill Hansen
- University of Bergen, Department of Psychosocial Science, Christiesgate 12, 5015 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Christie IC, Friedman BH. Autonomic specificity of discrete emotion and dimensions of affective space: a multivariate approach. Int J Psychophysiol 2004; 51:143-53. [PMID: 14693364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study addressed autonomic nervous system (ANS) patterning during experimentally manipulated emotion. Film clips previously shown to induce amusement, anger, contentment, disgust, fear and sadness, in addition to a neutral control film, were presented to 34 college-aged subjects while skin conductance, blood pressure and the electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded, as was self-reported affect. Both mean of and mean successive difference of heart period were derived from the ECG. Pattern classification analyses revealed emotion-specific autonomic patterning for all emotion conditions except disgust; all emotion conditions exhibited significant patterning using self-report. Discriminant function analysis was used to describe the location of discrete emotions within dimensional affective space using both self-report and ANS variables. Findings suggest that the dimensions of valence and activation portray the structure of self-reported emotion, but that valence is more accurately described as approach-withdrawal when applied to autonomic responses during discrete emotions. The findings provide further support for the existence of emotion-specific ANS activity, and are consistent with a hybrid discrete-dimensional model of affective space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel C Christie
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0436, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vagal tone on performance during executive and non-executive tasks, using a working memory and a sustained attention test. Reactivity to cognitive tasks was also investigated using heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Fifty-three male sailors from the Royal Norwegian Navy participated in this study. Inter-beat-intervals were recorded continuously for 5 min of baseline, followed by randomized presentation of a working memory test (WMT) based on Baddeley and Hitch's research (1974) and a continuous performance test (CPT). The session ended with a 5-min recovery period. High HRV and low HRV groups were formed based on a median split of the root mean squared successive differences during baseline. The results showed that the high HRV group showed more correct responses than the low HRV group on the WMT. Furthermore, the high HRV group showed faster mean reaction time (mRT), more correct responses and less error, than the low HRV group on the CPT. Follow-up analysis revealed that this was evident only for components of the CPT where executive functions were involved. The analyses of reactivity showed a suppression of HRV and an increase in HR during presentation of cognitive tasks compared to recovery. This was evident for both groups. The present results indicated that high HRV was associated with better performance on tasks involving executive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Lill Hansen
- University of Bergen, Department of Psychosocial Sciences, Christiesgt 12, 5015 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|