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Li M, Beaumont N, Ma C, Rojas J, Vu T, Harlacher M, O'Connell G, Gessner RC, Kilian H, Kasatkina L, Chen Y, Huang Q, Shen X, Lovell JF, Verkhusha VV, Czernuszewicz T, Yao J. Three-Dimensional Deep-Tissue Functional and Molecular Imaging by Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT). IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:2704-2714. [PMID: 35442884 PMCID: PMC9563100 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3168859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive small-animal imaging technologies, such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and x -ray computed tomography, have enabled researchers to study normal biological phenomena or disease progression in their native conditions. However, existing small-animal imaging technologies often lack either the penetration capability for interrogating deep tissues (e.g., optical microscopy), or the functional and molecular sensitivity for tracking specific activities (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging). To achieve functional and molecular imaging in deep tissues, we have developed an integrated photoacoustic, ultrasound and acoustic angiographic tomography (PAUSAT) system by seamlessly combining light and ultrasound. PAUSAT can perform three imaging modes simultaneously with complementary contrast: high-frequency B-mode ultrasound imaging of tissue morphology, microbubble-enabled acoustic angiography of tissue vasculature, and multi-spectral photoacoustic imaging of molecular probes. PAUSAT can provide three-dimensional (3D) multi-contrast images that are co-registered, with high spatial resolutions at large depths. Using PAUSAT, we performed proof-of-concept in vivo experiments on various small animal models: monitoring longitudinal development of placenta and embryo during mouse pregnancy, tracking biodistribution and metabolism of near-infrared organic dye on the whole-body scale, and detecting breast tumor expressing genetically-encoded photoswitchable phytochromes. These results have collectively demonstrated that PAUSAT has broad applicability in biomedical research, providing comprehensive structural, functional, and molecular imaging of small animal models.
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Choi S, Kim JY, Lim HG, Baik JW, Kim HH, Kim C. Versatile Single-Element Ultrasound Imaging Platform using a Water-Proofed MEMS Scanner for Animals and Humans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6544. [PMID: 32300153 PMCID: PMC7162865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-element transducer based ultrasound (US) imaging offers a compact and affordable solution for high-frequency preclinical and clinical imaging because of its low cost, low complexity, and high spatial resolution compared to array-based US imaging. To achieve B-mode imaging, conventional approaches adapt mechanical linear or sector scanning methods. However, due to its low scanning speed, mechanical linear scanning cannot achieve acceptable temporal resolution for real-time imaging, and the sector scanning method requires specialized low-load transducers that are small and lightweight. Here, we present a novel single-element US imaging system based on an acoustic mirror scanning method. Instead of physically moving the US transducer, the acoustic path is quickly steered by a water-proofed microelectromechanical (MEMS) scanner, achieving real-time imaging. Taking advantage of the low-cost and compact MEMS scanner, we implemented both a tabletop system for in vivo small animal imaging and a handheld system for in vivo human imaging. Notably, in combination with mechanical raster scanning, we could acquire the volumetric US images in live animals. This versatile US imaging system can be potentially used for various preclinical and clinical applications, including echocardiography, ophthalmic imaging, and ultrasound-guided catheterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwook Choi
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Gyun Lim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Baik
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Monitoring of Adult Zebrafish Heart Regeneration Using High-Frequency Ultrasound Spectral Doppler and Nakagami Imaging. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194094. [PMID: 31546705 PMCID: PMC6806172 DOI: 10.3390/s19194094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the feasibility of Nakagami imaging in monitoring the regeneration process of zebrafish hearts in a noninvasive manner. In addition, spectral Doppler waveforms that are typically used to access the diastolic function were measured to validate the performance of Nakagami imaging. A 30-MHz high-frequency ultrasound array transducer was used to acquire backscattered echo signal for spectral Doppler and Nakagami imaging. The performances of both methods were validated with flow and tissue-mimicking phantom experiments. For in vivo experiments, both spectral Doppler and Nakagami imaging were simultaneously obtained from adult zebrafish with amputated hearts. Longitudinal measurements were performed for five zebrafish. From the experiments, the E/A ratio measured using spectral Doppler imaging increased at 3 days post-amputation (3 dpa) and then decreased to the value before amputation, which were consistent with previous studies. Similar results were obtained from the Nakagami imaging where the Nakagami parameter value increased at 3 dpa and decreased to its original value. These results suggested that the Nakagami and spectral Doppler imaging would be useful techniques in monitoring the regeneration of heart or tissues.
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Shaswary E, Tavakkoli J, Kumaradas JC. Efficient Frequency-Domain Synthetic Aperture Focusing Techniques for Imaging With a High-Frequency Single-Element Focused Transducer. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:57-70. [PMID: 30452355 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2018.2881726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic aperture focusing techniques (SAFT) make the spatial resolution of the conventional ultrasound imaging from a single-element focused transducer more uniform in the lateral direction. In this work, two new frequency-domain (FD-SAFT) algorithms are proposed, which are based on the synthetic aperture radar's wavenumber algorithm, and 2-D matched filtering technique for the image reconstruction. The first algorithm is the FD-SAFT virtual source (FD-SAFT-VS) that treats the focus of a focused transducer as a virtual source having a finite size and the diffraction effect in the far-field is taken into consideration in the image reconstruction. The second algorithm is the FD-SAFT deconvolution (FD-SAFT-DE) that uses the simulated point spread function of the imaging system as a matched filter kernel in the image reconstruction. The performance of the proposed algorithms was studied using a series of simulations and experiments, and it was compared with the conventional B-mode and time-domain SAFT (TD-SAFT) imaging techniques. The image quality was analyzed in terms of spatial resolution, sidelobe level, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast resolution, contrast-to-speckle ratio, and ex vivo image quality. The results showed that the FD-SAFT-VS had the smallest spatial resolution and FD-SAFT-DE had the second smallest spatial resolution. In addition, FD-SAFT-DE had generally the largest SNR. The computation run time of FD-SAFT-VS and FD-SAFT-DE, depending on the image size, was lower by 4 to 174 times and 4 to 189 times, respectively, compared to the TD-SAFT-virtual point source.
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Kang BJ, Park J, Kim J, Kim HH, Lee C, Hwang JY, Lien CL, Shung KK. High-frequency dual mode pulsed wave Doppler imaging for monitoring the functional regeneration of adult zebrafish hearts. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:rsif.2014.1154. [PMID: 25505135 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult zebrafish is a well-known small animal model for studying heart regeneration. Although the regeneration of scars made by resecting the ventricular apex has been visualized with histological methods, there is no adequate imaging tool for tracking the functional recovery of the damaged heart. For this reason, high-frequency Doppler echocardiography using dual mode pulsed wave Doppler, which provides both tissue Doppler (TD) and Doppler flow in a same cardiac cycle, is developed with a 30 MHz high-frequency array ultrasound imaging system. Phantom studies show that the Doppler flow mode of the dual mode is capable of measuring the flow velocity from 0.1 to 15 cm s(-1) with high accuracy (p-value = 0.974 > 0.05). In the in vivo study of zebrafish, both TD and Doppler flow signals were simultaneously obtained from the zebrafish heart for the first time, and the synchronized valve motions with the blood flow signals were identified. In the longitudinal study on the zebrafish heart regeneration, the parameters for diagnosing the diastolic dysfunction, for example, E/Em < 10, E/A < 0.14 for wild-type zebrafish, were measured, and the type of diastolic dysfunction caused by the amputation was found to be similar to the restrictive filling. The diastolic function was fully recovered within four weeks post-amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jin Kang
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jinhyoung Park
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changyang Lee
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jae Youn Hwang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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O'Farrell AC, Shnyder SD, Marston G, Coletta PL, Gill JH. Non-invasive molecular imaging for preclinical cancer therapeutic development. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:719-35. [PMID: 23488622 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and non-invasive imaging are rapidly emerging fields in preclinical cancer drug discovery. This is driven by the need to develop more efficacious and safer treatments, the advent of molecular-targeted therapeutics, and the requirements to reduce and refine current preclinical in vivo models. Such bioimaging strategies include MRI, PET, single positron emission computed tomography, ultrasound, and optical approaches such as bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging. These molecular imaging modalities have several advantages over traditional screening methods, not least the ability to quantitatively monitor pharmacodynamic changes at the cellular and molecular level in living animals non-invasively in real time. This review aims to provide an overview of non-invasive molecular imaging techniques, highlighting the strengths, limitations and versatility of these approaches in preclinical cancer drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C O'Farrell
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhou Q, Lam KH, Zheng H, Qiu W, Shung KK. Piezoelectric single crystals for ultrasonic transducers in biomedical applications. PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2014; 66:87-111. [PMID: 25386032 PMCID: PMC4223717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric single crystals, which have excellent piezoelectric properties, have extensively been employed for various sensors and actuators applications. In this paper, the state-of-art in piezoelectric single crystals for ultrasonic transducer applications is reviewed. Firstly, the basic principles and design considerations of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers will be addressed. Then, the popular piezoelectric single crystals used for ultrasonic transducer applications, including LiNbO3 (LN), PMN-PT and PIN-PMN-PT, will be introduced. After describing the preparation and performance of the single crystals, the recent development of both the single-element and array transducers fabricated using the single crystals will be presented. Finally, various biomedical applications including eye imaging, intravascular imaging, blood flow measurement, photoacoustic imaging, and microbeam applications of the single crystal transducers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifa Zhou
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Corresponding author. (Q. Zhou), (H. Zheng)
| | - Kwok Ho Lam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author. (Q. Zhou), (H. Zheng)
| | - Weibao Qiu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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8
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Dual-element transducer with phase-inversion for wide depth of field in high-frequency ultrasound imaging. SENSORS 2014; 14:14278-88. [PMID: 25098208 PMCID: PMC4179078 DOI: 10.3390/s140814278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In high frequency ultrasound imaging (HFUI), the quality of focusing is deeply related to the length of the depth of field (DOF). In this paper, a phase-inversion technique implemented by a dual-element transducer is proposed to enlarge the DOF. The performance of the proposed method was numerically demonstrated by using the ultrasound simulation program called Field-II. A simulated dual-element transducer was composed of a disc- and an annular-type elements, and its aperture was concavely shaped to have a confocal point at 6 mm. The area of each element was identical in order to provide same intensity at the focal point. The outer diameters of the inner and the outer elements were 2.1 mm and 3 mm, respectively. The center frequency of each element was 40 MHz and the f-number (focal depth/aperture size) was two. When two input signals with 0° and 180° phases were applied to inner and outer elements simultaneously, a multi-focal zone was generated in the axial direction. The total −6 dB DOF, i.e., sum of two −6 dB DOFs in the near and far field lobes, was 40% longer than that of the conventional single element transducer. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) was increased by about two times, especially in the far field. The point and cyst phantom simulation were conducted and their results were identical to that of the beam pattern simulation. Thus, the proposed scheme may be a potential method to improve the DOF and SNR in HFUI.
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9
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Qiu W, Ye Z, Yu Y, Chen Y, Chi L, Mu P, Li G, Wang C, Xiao Y, Dai J, Sun L, Zheng H. A digital multigate Doppler method for high frequency ultrasound. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:13348-60. [PMID: 25061836 PMCID: PMC4178981 DOI: 10.3390/s140813348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive visualization of blood flow with high frequency Doppler ultrasound has been extensively used to assess the morphology and hemodynamics of the microcirculation. A completely digital implementation of multigate pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler method was proposed in this paper for high frequency ultrasound applications. Analog mixer was eliminated by a digital demodulator and the same data acquisition path was shared with traditional B-mode imaging which made the design compact and flexible. Hilbert transform based quadrature demodulation scheme was employed to achieve the multigate Doppler acquisition. A programmable high frequency ultrasound platform was also proposed to facilitate the multigate flow visualization. Experimental results showed good performance of the proposed method. Parabolic velocity gradient inside the vessel and velocity profile with different time slots were acquired to demonstrate the functionality of the multigate Doppler. Slow wall motion was also recorded by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao Qiu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zongying Ye
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Liyang Chi
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Peitian Mu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Guofeng Li
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Congzhi Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiyan Dai
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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10
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Liu TY, Lee PY, Huang CC, Sun L, Shung KK. A study of the adult zebrafish ventricular function by retrospective Doppler-gated ultrahigh-frame-rate echocardiography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2013; 60:1827-1837. [PMID: 24658716 PMCID: PMC4091976 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a preferred animal model for studying various human diseases, particularly those related to cardiovascular regeneration; therefore, a noninvasive imaging modality is needed for observing the cardiac function of zebrafish. Because of its high resolution, high-frequency ultrasound B-mode imaging has recently been used successfully to observe the heart of adult zebrafish. However, ultrahigh-frame-rate echocardiography combining Bmode imaging and color flow imaging is still needed to observe the detailed transient motions of the zebrafish ventricle. This study develops an 80-MHz ultrahigh-frame-rate echocardiography system for this purpose, based on retrospective Doppler- gated technology. B-mode and color flow images of the cardiovascular system of the zebrafish were reconstructed by two-dimensional autocorrelation at maximum frame rates of up to 40,000 and 400 fps, respectively. The timings of end diastole (E(D)) and end systole (E(S)) of ventricle can be determined by using this high-resolution image system. Two ventricular function parameters-fractional shortening (FS) and fractional area change (FAC)-were measured for evaluating the ventricular function by using E(D) and E(S) with their corresponding ventricular dimensions. The experimental results indicated that the measured FS values were 42 ± 4% (mean ± standard deviation) and 60 ± 13% for the long axis and short axis of the ventricle, respectively, and that FAC was 77 ± 9%. This is the first report of these ventricular function parameters for a normal adult zebrafish. The results showed that retrospective high-frequency echocardiography is a useful tool for studying the cardiac function of normal adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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11
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Park J, Cummins TM, Harrison M, Lee J, Zhou Q, Lien CL, Shung KK. High frequency photoacoustic imaging for in vivo visualizing blood flow of zebrafish heart. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:14636-42. [PMID: 23787651 PMCID: PMC3726247 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.014636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A technique on high frame rate(28fps), high frequency co-registered ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging for visualizing zebrafish heart blood flow was demonstrated. This approach was achieved with a 40MHz light weight(0.38g) ring-type transducer, serving as the ultrasound transmitter and receiver, to allow an optic fiber, coupled with a 532nm laser, to be inserted into the hole. From the wire target study, axial resolutions of 38µm and 42µm were obtained for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, respectively. Carbon nanotubes were utilized as contrast agents to increase the flow signal level by 20dB in phantom studies, and zebrafish heart blood flow was successfully observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyoung Park
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
| | - Thomas M. Cummins
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
| | - Michael Harrison
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027,
USA
| | - Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South
Korea
| | - Qifa Zhou
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027,
USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033,
USA
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
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12
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Zhou X, Sun L, Yu Y, Qiu W, Lien CL, Shung KK, Yu W. Ultrasound bio-microscopic image segmentation for evaluation of zebrafish cardiac function. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2013; 60:718-726. [PMID: 23549532 PMCID: PMC3750995 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish can fully regenerate their myocardium after ventricular resection without evidence of scars. This extraordinary regenerative ability provides an excellent model system to study the activation of the regenerative potential for human heart tissue. In addition to the morphology, it is vital to understand the cardiac function of zebrafish. To characterize adult zebrafish cardiac function, an ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) was customized for real-time imaging of the zebrafish heart (about 1 mm in diameter) at a resolution of around 37 μm. Moreover, we developed an image segmentation algorithm to track the cardiac boundary and measure the dynamic size of the zebrafish heart for further quantification of zebrafish cardiac function. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed segmentation algorithm were verified on a tissuemimicking phantom and in vivo zebrafish echocardiography. The quantitative evaluation demonstrated that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is comparable to the manual delineation by experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhou
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Qiu W, Yu Y, Tsang FK, Zheng H, Sun L. A novel modulated excitation imaging system for microultrasound. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:1884-90. [PMID: 23380848 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2244887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microultrasound (micro-US), also known as ultrasound biomicroscope, is able to delineate small structures with fine spatial resolution. However, micro-US suffers limited depth of penetration due to significantly large attenuation at high frequencies. Modulated excitation imaging has displayed the capability to improve the penetration depth, while maintaining the spatial resolution. But the effectiveness of this technique in micro-US has not been fully demonstrated. In addition, the current modulated excitation imaging systems for micro-US are designed for specific excitation method, therefore, lack of flexibility, and are typically bulky and expensive. This paper presents the development of a novel system to achieve modulated excitation imaging with high programmability and flexibility to satisfy various micro-US studies. It incorporates a high-voltage arbitrary waveform generator for producing desired excitation waveform, and a programmable imaging receiver implemented by the state-of-the-art electronics and field-programmable gate array. Test results show that the proposed modulated excitation imaging system can acquire up to 20 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement and 83% increase of penetration depth in contrast to traditional short-pulse imaging method. In vivo experiment on the dorsal skin of a human hand demonstrates good performance of the programmable modulated excitation imaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao Qiu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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14
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Qiu W, Yu Y, Chabok HR, Liu C, Tsang FK, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Zheng H, Sun L. A flexible annular-array imaging platform for micro-ultrasound. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2013; 60:178-186. [PMID: 23287923 PMCID: PMC3738186 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Micro-ultrasound is an invaluable imaging tool for many clinical and preclinical applications requiring high resolution (approximately several tens of micrometers). Imaging systems for micro-ultrasound, including single-element imaging systems and linear-array imaging systems, have been developed extensively in recent years. Single-element systems are cheaper, but linear-array systems give much better image quality at a higher expense. Annular-array-based systems provide a third alternative, striking a balance between image quality and expense. This paper presents the development of a novel programmable and real-time annular-array imaging platform for micro-ultrasound. It supports multi-channel dynamic beamforming techniques for large-depth-of-field imaging. The major image processing algorithms were achieved by a novel field-programmable gate array technology for high speed and flexibility. Real-time imaging was achieved by fast processing algorithms and high-speed data transfer interface. The platform utilizes a printed circuit board scheme incorporating state-of-the-art electronics for compactness and cost effectiveness. Extensive tests including hardware, algorithms, wire phantom, and tissue mimicking phantom measurements were conducted to demonstrate good performance of the platform. The calculated contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the tissue phantom measurements were higher than 1.2 in the range of 3.8 to 8.7 mm imaging depth. The platform supported more than 25 images per second for real-time image acquisition. The depth-of-field had about 2.5-fold improvement compared to single-element transducer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Qiu W, Chen Y, Li X, Yu Y, Cheng WF, Tsang FK, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Dai J, Sun L. An open system for intravascular ultrasound imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2012; 59:2201-9. [PMID: 23143570 PMCID: PMC3760234 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2012.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of the blood vessels can provide valuable morphological information for diagnosis and therapy strategies for cardiovascular disease. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is able to delineate internal structures of vessel wall with fine spatial resolution. However, the developed IVUS is insufficient to identify the fibrous cap thickness and tissue composition of atherosclerotic lesions. Novel imaging strategies have been proposed, such as increasing the center frequency of ultrasound or using a modulated excitation technique to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Dual-mode tomography combining IVUS with optical tomography has also been developed to determine tissue morphology and characteristics. The implementation of these new imaging methods requires an open system that allows users to customize the system for various studies. This paper presents the development of an IVUS system that has open structures to support various imaging strategies. The system design is based on electronic components and printed circuit board, and provides reconfigurable hardware implementation, programmable image processing algorithms, flexible imaging control, and raw RF data acquisition. In addition, the proposed IVUS system utilized a miniaturized ultrasound transducer constructed using PMNPT single crystal for better piezoelectric constant and electromechanical coupling coefficient than traditional lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. Testing results showed that the IVUS system could offer a minimum detectable signal of 25 μV, allowing a 51 dB dynamic range at 47 dB gain, with a frequency range from 20 to 80 MHz. Finally, phantom imaging, in vitro IVUS vessel imaging, and multimodality imaging with photoacoustics were conducted to demonstrate the performance of the open system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Institutes of Health Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wang Fai Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fu Keung Tsang
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qifa Zhou
- National Institutes of Health Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- National Institutes of Health Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jiyan Dai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China ()
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16
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Pulse inversion chirp coded tissue harmonic imaging (PI-CTHI) of Zebrafish heart using high frame rate ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 41:41-52. [PMID: 22930467 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a pulse inversion chirp coded tissue harmonic imaging (PI-CTHI) method for visualizing small animal hearts that provides fine spatial resolution at a high frame rate without sacrificing the echo signal to noise ratio (eSNR). A 40 MHz lithium niobate (LiNbO(3)) single element transducer is employed to evaluate the performance of PI-CTHI by scanning tungsten wire targets, spherical anechoic voids, and zebrafish hearts. The wire phantom results show that PI-CTHI improves the eSNR by 4 dB from that of conventional pulse inversion tissue harmonic imaging (PI-THI), while still maintaining a spatial resolution of 88 and 110 μm in the axial and lateral directions, respectively. The range side lobe level of PI-CTHI is 11 dB lower than that of band-pass filtered CTHI (or F-CTHI). In the anechoic sphere phantom study, the contrast-to-noise ratio of PI-CTHI is found to be 2.7, indicating a 34% enhancement over conventional PI-THI. Due to such improved eSNR and contrast resolution, blood clots in zebrafish hearts can be readily visualized throughout heart regeneration after 20% of the ventricle is removed. Disappearance of the clots in the early stages of the regeneration has been observed for 7 days without sacrificing the fish.
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17
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Qiu W, Yu Y, Tsang F, Sun L. A multifunctional, reconfigurable pulse generator for high-frequency ultrasound imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2012; 59:1558-1567. [PMID: 22828850 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2012.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency (>20 MHz) ultrasound (HFUS) imaging systems have made it possible to image small structures with fine spatial resolution. They find a variety of biomedical applications in dermatology, ophthalmology, intravascular imaging, and small-animal imaging. One critical technical challenge of HFUS is to generate high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed signals to effectively excite the transducer for a high SNR. This paper presents the development of a multifunctional, reconfigurable pulse generator for HFUS imaging. The pulse generator can produce a high-voltage unipolar pulse, a bipolar pulse, or arbitrary pulses for B-mode imaging, Doppler measurement, and modulated excitation imaging. The characteristics of the pulses, such as timing, waveform, and frequency are reconfigurable by a high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Customized software was developed to interface with the FPGA through a USB connector for pulse selection, and easy, flexible, real-time pulse management. The hardware was implemented in a compact, printed circuit board (PCB)-based scheme using state-of-the-art electronics for costeffectiveness and fully digital control. Testing results show that the unipolar pulse can reach over 165 Vpp with a 6-dB bandwidth of 70 MHz, and the bipolar pulse and arbitrary pulses can reach 150 and 60 Vpp with central frequencies of 60 and 120 MHz, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao Qiu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Qiu W, Yu Y, Tsang F, Sun L. An FPGA-based open platform for ultrasound biomicroscopy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2012; 59:1432-1442. [PMID: 22828839 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2012.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been extensively applied to preclinical studies in small animal models. Individual animal study is unique and requires different utilization of the UBM system to accommodate different transducer characteristics, data acquisition strategies, signal processing, and image reconstruction methods. There is a demand for a flexible and open UBM platform to allow users to customize the system for various studies and have full access to experimental data. This paper presents the development of an open UBM platform (center frequency 20 to 80 MHz) for various preclinical studies. The platform design was based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) embedded in a printed circuit board to achieve B-mode imaging and directional pulsed-wave Doppler. Instead of hardware circuitry, most functions of the platform, such as filtering, envelope detection, and scan conversion, were achieved by FPGA programs; thus, the system architecture could be easily modified for specific applications. In addition, a novel digital quadrature demodulation algorithm was implemented for fast and accurate Doppler profiling. Finally, test results showed that the platform could offer a minimum detectable signal of 25 μV, allowing a 51 dB dynamic range at 47 dB gain, and real-time imaging at more than 500 frames/s. Phantom and in vivo imaging experiments were conducted and the results demonstrated good system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao Qiu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Abdelrahman MA, Marston G, Hull MA, Markham AF, Jones PF, Evans JA, Coletta PL. High-frequency ultrasound for in vivo measurement of colon wall thickness in mice. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2012; 38:432-442. [PMID: 22266235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models are becoming increasingly important in the study of molecular mechanisms of colorectal disease and in the development of novel therapeutics. To enhance this phase of preclinical research, cost-effective, easy to use noninvasive imaging is required to detect and monitor changes in the colon wall associated with disease pathology. This study investigated the feasibility of using 40-MHz (high frequency) B-mode ultrasound (HF-US) to image the normal mouse colon and measure its thickness in vivo by establishing a robust imaging protocol and conducting a blinded comparison of colon wall thickness (CWT) measurement between and within operators. The in vivo and ex vivo appearance of mouse colon under HF-US revealed distinct patterns. Colon wall thickness was reproducibly and accurately measured using HF-US compared with histology measurement. The technique was more sensitive in detecting changes in CWT in distal than proximal colon as it showed the highest level of inter- and intraoperator reproducibility. Using the protocol described, it is possible to detect changes in thickness of 0.09 mm and 0.25 mm in distal and proximal colon, respectively. In conclusion, HF-US provides an easy to use and noninvasive method to perform anatomical investigations of mouse colon and to monitor changes in CWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Abdelrahman
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds United Kingdom
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20
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Hoage T, Ding Y, Xu X. Quantifying cardiac functions in embryonic and adult zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 843:11-20. [PMID: 22222517 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos have been extensively used to study heart development and cardiac function, mainly due to the unique embryology and genetics of this model organism. Since most human heart disease occurs during adulthood, adult zebrafish models of heart disease are being created to dissect mechanisms of the disease and discover novel therapies. However, due to its small heart size, the use of cardiac functional assays in the adult zebrafish has been limited. To address this bottleneck, the transparent fish line casper;Tg(cmlc2:nuDsRed) that has a red fluorescent heart can be used to document beating hearts in vivo and to quantify cardiac functions in adult zebrafish. Here, we describe our methods for quantifying shortening fraction and heart rate in embryonic zebrafish, as well as in the juvenile and adult casper;Tg(cmlc2:nuDsRed) fish. In addition, we describe the red blood cell flow rate assay that can be used to reflect cardiac function indirectly in zebrafish at any stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Hoage
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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21
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Huang CC. High-frequency attenuation and backscatter measurements of rat blood between 30 and 60 MHz. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:5801-15. [PMID: 20844333 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/19/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There has recently been a great deal of interest in noninvasive high-frequency ultrasound imaging of small animals such as rats due to their being the preferred animal model for gene therapy and cancer research. Improving the interpretation of the obtained images and furthering the development of the imaging devices require a detailed knowledge of the ultrasound attenuation and backscattering of biological tissue (e.g. blood) at high frequencies. In the present study, the attenuation and backscattering coefficients of the rat red blood cell (RBC) suspensions and whole blood with hematocrits ranging from 6% to 40% were measured between 30 and 60 MHz using a modified substitution approach. The acoustic parameters of porcine blood under the same conditions were also measured in order to compare differences in the blood properties between these two animals. For porcine blood, both whole blood and RBC suspension were stirred at a rotation speed of 200 rpm. Three different rotation speeds of 100, 200 and 300 rpm were carried out for rat blood experiments. The attenuation coefficients of both rat and porcine blood were found to increase linearly with frequency and hematocrit (the values of coefficients of determination (r(2)) are around 0.82-0.97 for all cases). The average attenuation coefficient of rat whole blood with a hematocrit of 40% increased from 0.26 Nepers mm(-1) at 30 MHz to 0.47 Nepers mm(-1) at 60 MHz. The maximum backscattering coefficients of both rat and porcine RBC suspensions were between 10% and 15% hematocrits at all frequencies. The fourth-power dependence of backscatter on frequency was approximately valid for rat RBC suspensions with hematocrits between 6% and 40%. However, the frequency dependence of the backscatter estimate deviates from a fourth-power law for porcine RBC suspension with hematocrit higher than 20%. The backscattering coefficient plateaued for hematocrits higher than 15% in porcine blood, but for rat blood it was maximal around a hematocrit of 20% at the same rotation speed, and shifted to a hematocrit of 10% at a higher speed. The backscattering properties of rat RBCs in plasma are similar to those of RBCs in saline at a higher rotation speed. The differences in attenuation and backscattering between rat and porcine blood may be attributed to RBCs' being smaller and the RBC aggregation level being lower for rat blood than for porcine blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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22
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Ai L, Zhang L, Dai W, Hu C, Shung KK, Hsiai TK. Real-time assessment of flow reversal in an eccentric arterial stenotic model. J Biomech 2010; 43:2678-83. [PMID: 20655537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plaque rupture is the leading cause of acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Plaque formation, otherwise known as stenosis, preferentially occurs in the regions of arterial bifurcation or curvatures. To date, real-time assessment of stenosis-induced flow reversal remains a clinical challenge. By interfacing microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal sensors with the high frequency pulsed wave (PW) Doppler ultrasound, we proposed to assess flow reversal in the presence of an eccentric stenosis. We developed a 3-D stenotic model (inner diameter of 6mm, an eccentric stenosis with a height of 2.75 mm, and width of 21 mm) simulating a superficial arterial vessel. We demonstrated that heat transfer from the sensing element (2 x 80 μm²) to the flow field peaked as a function of flow rates at the throat of the stenosis along the center/midline of arterial model, and dropped downstream from the stenosis, where flow reversal was detected by the high frequency ultrasound device at 45 MHz. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes are in agreement with the ultrasound-acquired flow profiles upstream, downstream, and at the throat of the stenosis. Hence, we characterized regions of eccentric stenosis in terms of changes in heat transfer along the midline of vessel and identified points of flow reversal with high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Ai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1111, USA.
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23
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Bosisio MR, Hasquenoph JM, Sandrin L, Laugier P, Bridal SL, Yon S. Real-time Chirp-Coded Imaging With a Programmable Ultrasound Biomicroscope. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2010; 57:654-64. [PMID: 19789096 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2009.2033036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattéo R Bosisio
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique UMR 7623, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC Paris 6 and CNRS, Paris, France.
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Sun X, Hoage T, Bai P, Ding Y, Chen Z, Zhang R, Huang W, Jahangir A, Paw B, Li YG, Xu X. Cardiac hypertrophy involves both myocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in anemic zebrafish. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6596. [PMID: 19672293 PMCID: PMC2719798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An adult zebrafish heart possesses a high capacity of regeneration. However, it has been unclear whether and how myocyte hyperplasia contributes to cardiac remodeling in response to biomechanical stress and whether myocyte hypertrophy exists in the zebrafish. To address these questions, we characterized the zebrafish mutant tr265/tr265, whose Band 3 mutation disrupts erythrocyte formation and results in anemia. Although Band 3 does not express and function in the heart, the chronic anemia imposes a sequential biomechanical stress towards the heart. Methodology/Principal Findings Hearts of the tr265/tr265 Danio rerio mutant become larger than those of the sibling by week 4 post fertilization and gradually exhibit characteristics of human cardiomyopathy, such as muscular disarray, re-activated fetal gene expression, and severe arrhythmia. At the cellular level, we found both increased individual cardiomyocyte size and increased myocyte proliferation can be detected in week 4 to week 12 tr265/tr265 fish. Interestingly, all tr265/tr265 fish that survive after week-12 have many more cardiomyocytes of smaller size than those in the sibling, suggesting that myocyte hyperplasia allows the long-term survival of these fish. We also show the cardiac hypertrophy process can be recapitulated in wild-type fish using the anemia-inducing drug phenylhydrazine (PHZ). Conclusions/Significance The anemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy models reported here are the first adult zebrafish cardiac hypertrophy models characterized. Unlike mammalian models, both cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia contribute to the cardiac remodeling process in these models, thus allowing the effects of cardiomyocyte hyperplasia on cardiac remodeling to be studied. However, since anemia can induce effects on the heart other than biomechanical, non-anemic zebrafish cardiac hypertrophy models shall be generated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Hoage
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ping Bai
- Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States of America
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ashad Jahangir
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Barry Paw
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Soldan M, Schanaider A, Madi K, Zaltman C, Machado JC. In vitro ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging of colitis in rats. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2009; 28:463-469. [PMID: 19321674 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2009.28.4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to show the feasibility of 50-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to image the rat colon. METHODS B-mode images were obtained from ex vivo colon samples (n = 4) collected from Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) rats, with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in 3 of them. Left colon rectangular fragments (5 x 5 mm) were obtained after necropsy, and UBM images were acquired with the samples immersed in saline at 37 degrees C. All layers of the normal intestinal wall were analyzed according to their thickness and the presence of uneven bowel mucosa (ulcers). The folds and layers detected by UBM were correlated with histopathologic analysis. RESULTS The 4 layers of the normal colon were identified on the UBM images: the mucosa (hyperechoic), muscularis mucosae (hypoechoic), submucosa (hyperechoic), and muscularis externa (hypoechoic). On 2 UBM images, superficial ulcers were detected, approximately 0.5 mm in size, with intestinal involvement limited to the mucosa. The histopathologic analysis verified enlargement of submucosa layers due to an edema associated with sub-mucosa leukocyte infiltration. On 1 UBM image, it was possible to detect a deep ulcer, which was confirmed by the light microscopic analysis. CONCLUSIONS An ultrasound imaging system was scaled and optimized to visualize the rat colon. Ultrasound biomicroscopy provided axial and lateral resolutions close to 25 and 45 mum, respectively, and adequate penetration depth to visualize the whole thickness of an inflamed colon. The system identified the colon layers and was able to detect mural changes and superficial ulcers on the order of 500 mum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Soldan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Recent Papers on Zebrafish and Other Aquarium Fish Models. Zebrafish 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2008.9987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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