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Chen YL, Tsai TY, Pan LY, Tsai YJ, Chen SY, Hsiao CH, Yeh LK, Tan HY, Chen HC, Hung KH, Quan W, Chen CB, Chung WH, Ma DHK. Ocular Manifestations and Outcomes in Children With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Comparison With Adult Patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 256:108-117. [PMID: 37633318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical features and visual outcomes in children and adults with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). DESIGN Retrospective comparative case series. METHODS This retrospective study included 280 eyes of 140 patients (35 children and 105 adults) with SJS/TEN treated between 2010 and 2020. The primary outcome measures were the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and severity of dry eye. The secondary outcome measure was the medical and surgical therapies used. RESULTS Among 64 eyes of children recruited in the study, acute ocular involvement was found in 58 eyes (90.6%). The chronic score in pediatric patients was significantly higher than that in adult patients (P = .004). The use of antibiotics/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Mycoplasma infection were the more common etiologies in children. In all, 75% of eyes in children maintained a visual acuity of 20/40 or better at a mean follow-up time of 4.3 years. The severity of dryness was comparable between the child and adult groups. The proportion of eyes undergoing amniotic membrane and oral mucosa transplantation was significantly higher in children than in adults in the chronic stage, reflecting that children exhibit much more severe complications. CONCLUSIONS Although pediatric SJS/TEN patients have more severe ocular complications than adults, most children maintain long-term good vision. Early intervention and aggressive treatment help to preserve vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ling Chen
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Tsai
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yen Pan
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ju Tsai
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medicine (Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H., C.-BC., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.-Y.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsi Hsiao
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medicine (Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H., C.-BC., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Kun Yeh
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medicine (Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H., C.-BC., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Tan
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medicine (Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H., C.-BC., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medicine (Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H., C.-BC., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Hung
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medicine (Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H., C.-BC., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wuyong Quan
- Department of Ophthalmology (W.Q., D.H.-K.M.), Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- Department of Medicine (Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H., C.-BC., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Department of Medicine (Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H., C.-BC., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology (C.-B.C., W.-H.C.), Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - David Hui-Kang Ma
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Y.L.-C, T.-Y.T., L.-Y.P., Y.-J.T., C.-H.H., L.-K.Y., H-Y.T., H.-C.C., K.-S.H.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology (W.Q., D.H.-K.M.), Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China; Department of Chinese Medicine (D.H.-K.M.), College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Tissue Engineering (D.H.-K.M.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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Chiu YM, Chiu HY. Lifetime risk, life expectancy, loss-of-life expectancy and lifetime healthcare expenditure for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Taiwan: follow-up of a nationwide cohort from 2008 to 2019. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:553-560. [PMID: 37427802 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) not only cause acute, devastating mucocutaneous reactions but also have long-lasting implications on survivors' lives. OBJECTIVES To quantify the lifetime burden of SJS/TEN. METHODS The cumulative incidence rate (CIR), life expectancy (LE), loss-of-life expectancy (LoLE) and lifetime healthcare expenditure (HE) for SJS/TEN were estimated over the period from 2008 to 2019 using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan and life tables of vital statistics. RESULTS In this nationwide cohort of 6552 incident SJS/TEN cases, a trend towards a decrease in the CIR was observed between 2008 and 2019. Compared with the general population, patients with SJS/TEN experience a tremendous loss of 9.43 (1.06) [mean (SEM)] years of LE after diagnosis of SJS/TEN. Male patients with SJS/TEN had higher LoLE [10.74 (1.22) vs. 7.69 (1.43) years] and annual HE than females. Younger age at diagnosis of SJS/TEN was associated with longer LE but greater LoLE and higher lifetime HE. Patients with intensive care unit admission on diagnosis, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease and SJS/TEN-associated sequelae experienced substantially greater LoLE and HE per life year. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SJS/TEN suffer substantial loss-of-LE and HE, particularly young patients, compared with the general population. These data provide a reference estimate of the lifetime burden of SJS/TEN to help health authorities evaluate the cost-effectiveness of future preventive and treatment strategies to minimize the burden of SJS/TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Chiu
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Jen Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hsin-Chu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Ma DHK, Tsai TY, Pan LY, Chen SY, Hsiao CH, Yeh LK, Tan HY, Lu CW, Chen CB, Chung WH. Clinical Aspects of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis With Severe Ocular Complications in Taiwan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:661891. [PMID: 34055837 PMCID: PMC8149748 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Over the last decade, there has been tremendous progress in the treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). To understand whether this has resulted in better ophthalmic outcomes, we aimed to study the incidence of severe ocular complications (SOCs) in the acute and chronic stage among SJS/TEN patients, major causative medications, and therapeutic effect of medical and surgical treatment. Methods: Using electronic medical records review of patients of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch from 2010 to 2020, 119 patients (236 eyes) received ophthalmic consultation during the acute stage and were retrospectively studied. Sotozono's grading score systems for acute and chronic SJS/TEN were employed for accessing correlation between acute and chronic presentations, the therapeutic effect of systemic etanercept treatment, and outcome of early amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) performed in patients with severe acute SOCs. Results: There were 46 male and 73 female patients with a mean age of 45.6 ± 22.7 years old (2–90 years), and follow-up time of 408.3 ± 351.0 (116–1,336) days. The numbers of patients with SJS, overlap syndrome, and TEN were 87, 9, and 23, respectively. In total, 109 eyes (55 patients) had acute SOCs, which comprised 46.2% of patients who underwent ophthalmic examination. Antiepileptics were the most common category of culprit drugs causing SOCs in the acute stage. At the end of follow-up, there were 14 eyes (9 patients) with chronic SOCs (5.9%), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cold medicine were the most common causative medications that were associated with severe chronic sequela. The correlation between Sotozono's acute and chronic grading score showed a positive relationship [Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) = 0.52, p < 0.001]. The average chronic grading scores in patients receiving systemic corticosteroid combined with etanercept treatment were significantly lower than those receiving corticosteroid only, Finally, the average chronic grading scores in patients receiving AMT <7 days after onset were significantly lower than those performed beyond 7 days. Conclusion: Our study implies that acute manifestation can be an indicator for chronic sequelae. Additional early etanercept treatment and early AMT showed beneficial effect in reducing chronic ocular sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hui-Kang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Tsung-Ying Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yen Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsi Hsiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Kun Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
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Tang JT, Li YY, Zhang Y, Liu J, Guan W, Wang RR, He LP, Zhang JB, Kuang YQ. HIV infection confers distinct mechanisms in severe drug eruption: Endogenous virus activation with aberrant Th2/Th1 and CD8 + T cells function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1005-1013. [PMID: 31991490 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe drug eruption (SDE), a common skin disease, becomes dangerous when it occurs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Forty patients including HIV+ SDE+ (n = 15), HIV- SDE+ (n = 15) and HIV+ SDE- (n = 10) subjects were enrolled in our study. All HIV+ patients were at acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage. Serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, CXCL9, and CCL17 were quantified by ELISA. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) loads were quantified by RT-qPCR. CD4, CD8, Th1, Th2, TNF-α-CD8, and IFN-γ-CD8 T cell populations were measured by flow cytometry. Levels of biochemical indexes in HIV+ SDE+ patients were significantly different from in HIV- SDE+ patients (P < .05). EBV and CMV viral loads were significantly higher in HIV+ SDE+ patients, but not in HIV- SDE+ patients (P < .05). Inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in HIV+ SDE+ patients (P < .05). Th2/Th1 populations and TNF-α secreting or IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cells, were significantly up-regulated in HIV+ SDE+ patients compared to HIV- SDE+ patients (P < .05). Conversely, the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly down-regulated in HIV+ SDE+ patients compared to HIV- SDE+ patients (P < .05). HIV infection confers distinct clinical phenotypes and immune inflammatory mechanisms in SDE. Sustained EBV and CMV activation, unbalanced Th2/Th1 and overactive CD8+ T cells mediating a pro-inflammatory response could act as distinct mechanisms in the aggravation of SDE in HIV+ SDE+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ting Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Ye Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of HIV/AIDS, Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of HIV/AIDS, Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Ping He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Second People's Hospital of Dali, Dali, China
| | - Yi-Qun Kuang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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