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Zupin L, Clemente L, Fontana F, Crovella S. Effect of near-infrared and blue laser light on vero E6 cells SARS-CoV-2 infection model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200203. [PMID: 36510366 PMCID: PMC9877724 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) employing laser light has been emerging as a safe strategy to challenge viruses. In this study the effect of blue and near-infrared (NIR) laser light was assessed in an in vitro model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PBMT at blue wavelength inhibited viral amplification when the virus was directly irradiated and then transferred to cell culture and when cells already infected were treated. The NIR wavelength resulted less efficacious showing a minor effect on the reduction of the viral load. The cells receiving the irradiated virus or directly irradiated rescued their viability to level comparable to not treated cells. Virion integrity and antigenicity were preserved after blue and NIR irradiation, suggesting that the PBMT antiviral effect was not correlated to viral lipidic envelope disruption. Our results suggested that PBMT can be considered a valid strategy to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child HealthIRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”TriesteItaly
| | - Libera Clemente
- Division of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI)TriesteItaly
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Division of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI)TriesteItaly
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesCollege of Arts and Sciences, University of QatarDohaQatar
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2
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Min Z, Yang L, Hu Y, Huang R. Oral microbiota dysbiosis accelerates the development and onset of mucositis and oral ulcers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1061032. [PMID: 36846768 PMCID: PMC9948764 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1061032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of metagenomic high-throughput sequencing technology, more and more oral mucosal diseases have been proven to be associated with oral microbiota shifts or dysbiosis. The commensal oral microbiota can greatly influence the colonization and resistance of pathogenic microorganisms and induce primary immunity. Once dysbiosis occurs, it can lead to damage to oral mucosal epithelial defense, thus accelerating the pathological process. As common oral mucosal diseases, oral mucositis and ulcers seriously affect patients' prognosis and quality of life. However, from the microbiota perspective, the etiologies, specific alterations of oral flora, pathogenic changes, and therapy for microbiota are still lacking in a comprehensive overview. This review makes a retrospective summary of the above problems, dialectically based on oral microecology, to provide a new perspective on oral mucosal lesions management and aims at improving patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Arts College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ruijie Huang,
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Zupin L, Gratton R, Milani M, Clemente L, Fontana F, Ruscio M, Crovella S. Direct inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by low level blue photobiomodulation LED at 470, 454 and 450 nm. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100375. [PMID: 35124902 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blue light has been already reported as able to counteract different types of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses, especially the enveloped ones. It has been reported that both blue and visible light can efficiently impact SARS-CoV-2 by affecting its ability to replicate in in vitro cellular models of infection. In this study, blue light at 450, 454 and 470 nm was tested on SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate the residual viral infectious potential on Vero E6, Caco-2 and Calu-3 cells, after the irradiation of viral particles. Following 12' of irradiation at 40 mW/cm2 , a drastic block of viral amplification was observed. Indeed, at 7 days post-irradiation/infection the viral load was the same as the one measured 1 day post-irradiation/infection, and cellular viability was maintained showing similar levels to the noninfected control cells. Taken together our results indicate that blue LED lamps can be considered as a cheap and convenient tool for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossella Gratton
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Milani
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Libera Clemente
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ruscio
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is driving the search for new antiviral techniques. Bacteria and fungi are known to be inactivated not only by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light. Several studies have recently appeared on this subject, in which viruses were mainly irradiated in media. However, it is an open question to what extent the applied media, and especially their riboflavin concentration, can influence the results. A literature search identified appropriate virus photoinactivation publications and, where possible, viral light susceptibility was quantitatively determined in terms of average log-reduction doses. Sensitivities of enveloped viruses were plotted against assumed riboflavin concentrations. Viruses appear to be sensitive to visible (violet/blue) light. The median log-reduction doses of all virus experiments performed in liquids is 58 J/cm2. For the non-enveloped, enveloped and coronaviruses only, they were 222, 29 and 19 J/cm2, respectively. Data are scarce, but it appears that (among other things) the riboflavin concentration in the medium has an influence on the log-reduction doses. Experiments with DMEM, with its 0.4 mg/L riboflavin, have so far produced results with the greatest viral susceptibilities. It should be critically evaluated whether the currently published virus sensitivities are really only intrinsic properties of the virus, or whether the medium played a significant role. In future experiments, irradiation should be carried out in solutions with the lowest possible riboflavin concentration.
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5
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Blue Laser Light Counteracts HSV-1 in the SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Model of Infection. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010055. [PMID: 35054448 PMCID: PMC8778157 DOI: 10.3390/life12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is wide-spread virus that triggers painful and recurrent infections, as herpes labialis, causing blister lesions on the lip. HSV-1 infection can be a lifelong condition starting from childhood due to the latency of the virus hidden in the trigeminal ganglia. Despite the use of antiviral treatments, there is not a resolutive cure for herpes. In our study, we tested blue light against HSV-1 in a neuronal cellular model, aimed at mimicking the neuronal tropism of HSV-1. Two laser protocols employing continuous wave and pulse modalities were delivered to infected cell cultures and to the virus alone. A significant reduction of viral replication was observed when the beam was directly applied to the virus, along with an increase in cell survival. Our findings, considering the limitation of the still-unknown mechanisms by which the blue light acts on the virus, suggested a potential use of photobiomodulation therapy for clinical applications against herpes labialis in pediatric patients.
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Fornaini C, Fekrazad R, Rocca JP, Zhang S, Merigo E. Use of Blue and Blue-Violet Lasers in Dentistry: A Narrative Review. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e31. [PMID: 34733754 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Blue and blue-violet diode lasers (450 and 405 nm) seem to represent an interesting approach for several clinical treatments today. The aim of this narrative review is to describe and comment on the literature regarding the utilization of blue and blue-violet lasers in dentistry. Methods: A search for "blue laser AND dentistry" was conducted using the PubMed database, and all the papers referring to this topic, ranging from 1990 to April 2020, were analyzed in the review. All the original in vivo and in vitro studies using 450 nm or 405 nm lasers were included in this study. All the articles on the LED light, laser wavelengths other than 405 and 450 nm and using lasers in specialties other than dentistry, as well as case reports, guideline papers and reviews were excluded. Results: From a total of 519 results, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 8 groups based on their fields of application: disinfection (10), photobiomodulation (PBM) (4), bleaching (1), resin curing (20), surgery (7), periodontics (1), endodontics (1) and orthodontics (3). Conclusion: Blue and blue-violet diode lasers may represent new and effective devices to be used in a large number of applications in dentistry, even if further studies will be necessary to fully clarify the potentialities of these laser wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fornaini
- Laboratoire MICORALIS (MICrobiologie ORALe, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Odontologie, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06000 Nice, France.,Group of Applied Electro Magnetics (GAEM), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 181/A -43124 -Parma, Italy.,2nd Hospital Shijiazhuang, Dept. of Stomatology, 53 Huaxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Paul Rocca
- Laboratoire MICORALIS (MICrobiologie ORALe, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Odontologie, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06000 Nice, France.,2nd Hospital Shijiazhuang, Dept. of Stomatology, 53 Huaxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- 2nd Hospital Shijiazhuang, Dept. of Stomatology, 53 Huaxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Elisabetta Merigo
- Laboratoire MICORALIS (MICrobiologie ORALe, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Odontologie, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06000 Nice, France.,2nd Hospital Shijiazhuang, Dept. of Stomatology, 53 Huaxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Stasko N, Kocher JF, Annas A, Henson I, Seitz TS, Miller JM, Arwood L, Roberts RC, Womble TM, Keller EG, Emerson S, Bergmann M, Sheesley ANY, Strong RJ, Hurst BL, Emerson D, Tarbet EB, Bradrick SS, Cockrell AS. Visible blue light inhibits infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 at doses that are well-tolerated by human respiratory tissue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20595. [PMID: 34663881 PMCID: PMC8523529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of safe, visible wavelengths of light can be an effective, pathogen-agnostic, countermeasure that would expand the current portfolio of SARS-CoV-2 intervention strategies beyond the conventional approaches of vaccine, antibody, and antiviral therapeutics. Employing custom biological light units, that incorporate optically engineered light-emitting diode (LED) arrays, we harnessed monochromatic wavelengths of light for uniform delivery across biological surfaces. We demonstrated that primary 3D human tracheal/bronchial-derived epithelial tissues tolerated high doses of a narrow spectral band of visible light centered at a peak wavelength of 425 nm. We extended these studies to Vero E6 cells to understand how light may influence the viability of a mammalian cell line conventionally used for assaying SARS-CoV-2. The exposure of single-cell monolayers of Vero E6 cells to similar doses of 425 nm blue light resulted in viabilities that were dependent on dose and cell density. Doses of 425 nm blue light that are well-tolerated by Vero E6 cells also inhibited infection and replication of cell-associated SARS-CoV-2 by > 99% 24 h post-infection after a single five-minute light exposure. Moreover, the 425 nm blue light inactivated cell-free betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 up to 99.99% in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, clinically applicable doses of 425 nm blue light dramatically inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in primary human 3D tracheal/bronchial tissue. Safe doses of visible light should be considered part of the strategic portfolio for the development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic countermeasures to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Stasko
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Jacob F Kocher
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Abigail Annas
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Ibrahim Henson
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Theresa S Seitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Surveillance and Diagnostics, MRIGlobal, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Joy M Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Surveillance and Diagnostics, MRIGlobal, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Leslee Arwood
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Rachel C Roberts
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Thomas M Womble
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Emily G Keller
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Soren Emerson
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Michael Bergmann
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Ashley N Y Sheesley
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84321, USA
| | - Rebecca J Strong
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84321, USA
| | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84321, USA
| | - David Emerson
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84321, USA
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Surveillance and Diagnostics, MRIGlobal, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Adam S Cockrell
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC, 27703, USA.
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8
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Almehmady AM, Ali SA. Transdermal Film Loaded with Garlic Oil-Acyclovir Nanoemulsion to Overcome Barriers for Its Use in Alleviating Cold Sore Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050669. [PMID: 34066923 PMCID: PMC8148569 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponentially mounting cases of herpes simplex virus infection or cold sores have become a serious global concern. Acyclovir (ACV) and garlic oil (GO)-loaded lipid nanocarrier could be a promising therapeutic approach in alleviating cold sores, as well as limiting the biopharmaceutical constraints associated with ACV absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the objective of the current research study was to formulate an ACV-GO self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (ACV-GO-SNEDDS) as transdermal films. The prepared SNEDDS was optimized using an experimental mixture design. The optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS was loaded in transdermal film and was evaluated for ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetic prospects. An optimized ACV-GO SNEDDs formulation constituted of 10.4% (w/w) of GO, 64.8% (w/w) of surfactant mixture (Tween 20®-Span 20®); 24.8%(w/w) of co-surfactant (Propylene glycol®), and 200mg of ACV, respectively, were prepared and characterized for particle size (Y). The observed globule size of the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS is 170 ± 13.45 nm. The results of stability studies indicated that the stability index of optimized ACV-GO-SNEDDS was more than 92 ± 3%. This optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS was loaded in hydroxypropyl cellulose transdermal film. The outcome of the ex vivo skin permeation study demonstrated a 2.3-fold augmented permeation of ACV from the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS HPC transdermal film in comparison to the raw ACV transdermal film. There was a 3-fold increase in the relative bioavailability of the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS transdermal film compared to the raw ACV-HPC film. The study findings confirmed that the ACV-GO SNEDDS transdermal film exhibited excellent potential to enhance the bioavailability of ACV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-550-665-900
| | - Sarah A. Ali
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Ailioaie LM, Litscher G. Probiotics, Photobiomodulation, and Disease Management: Controversies and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094942. [PMID: 34066560 PMCID: PMC8124384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, researchers around the world have been studying intensively how micro-organisms that are present inside living organisms could affect the main processes of life, namely health and pathological conditions of mind or body. They discovered a relationship between the whole microbial colonization and the initiation and development of different medical disorders. Besides already known probiotics, novel products such as postbiotics and paraprobiotics have been developed in recent years to create new non-viable micro-organisms or bacterial-free extracts, which can provide benefits to the host with additional bioactivity to probiotics, but without the risk of side effects. The best alternatives in the use of probiotics and postbiotics to maintain the health of the intestinal microbiota and to prevent the attachment of pathogens to children and adults are highlighted and discussed as controversies and challenges. Updated knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the balance between microbiota and immune system for the introspection on the gut-lung-brain axis could reveal the latest benefits and perspectives of applied photobiomics for health. Multiple interconditioning between photobiomodulation (PBM), probiotics, and the human microbiota, their effects on the human body, and their implications for the management of viral infectious diseases is essential. Coupled complex PBM and probiotic interventions can control the microbiome, improve the activity of the immune system, and save the lives of people with immune imbalances. There is an urgent need to seek and develop innovative treatments to successfully interact with the microbiota and the human immune system in the coronavirus crisis. In the near future, photobiomics and metabolomics should be applied innovatively in the SARS-CoV-2 crisis (to study and design new therapies for COVID-19 immediately), to discover how bacteria can help us through adequate energy biostimulation to combat this pandemic, so that we can find the key to the hidden code of communication between RNA viruses, bacteria, and our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Ultramedical & Laser Clinic, 83 Arcu Street, 700135 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83907
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10
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Zupin L, Gratton R, Fontana F, Clemente L, Pascolo L, Ruscio M, Crovella S. Blue photobiomodulation LED therapy impacts SARS-CoV-2 by limiting its replication in Vero cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000496. [PMID: 33619888 PMCID: PMC7995021 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of any intervention able to counteract SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is considerably envisaged. It was previously shown, in in vitro models of infections, that the LED blue light is able to decrease the viral load of HSV-1 and ZIKV. In our study, LED photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at blue wavelengths (450, 454 and 470 nm) was tested in an in vitro model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, employing three experimental settings: SARS-CoV-2 was irradiated and then transferred to cells; already infected cells were irradiated; cells were irradiated prior to infection. A decrement of the viral load was observed when previously infected cells were irradiated with all three tested wavelengths and relevant effects were registered especially at 48 hours post-infection, possibly suggesting that the blue light could interfere with the intracellular viral replication machinery. Our in vitro findings could represent the starting point for translational applications of PBMT as a supportive approach to fight SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”TriesteItaly
| | - Rossella Gratton
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”TriesteItaly
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Division of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI)TriesteItaly
| | - Libera Clemente
- Division of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI)TriesteItaly
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”TriesteItaly
| | - Maurizio Ruscio
- Division of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI)TriesteItaly
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of QatarDohaQatar
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11
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Clinical Study on the Effectiveness of Three Products in the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Labialis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6465. [PMID: 32296094 PMCID: PMC7160101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex labialis (HSL) is a viral disease that affects the perioral region. No guidelines recommending an effective treatment exist. The treatment of HSL with three different products was examined. Herpatch Serum, a film-forming patch, was compared to Compeed Patches, a set of semiocclusive hydrocolloid patches, and Zovirax Cream (ingredient: 5% acyclovir). In this prospective, randomized, examiner-blind study, 180 patients with recurrent HSL were split into three groups (Compeed: n = 60, Herpatch: n = 60, Zovirax: n = 60) and examined within 24 hours of HSL outbreak (DRKS Registration No.: DRKS00007786). The primary endpoint was healing time. The secondary endpoints were the reaction rate and quality of therapy evaluated by the Clinician’s Global Assessment of Therapy (CGAT) and the Subject’s Global Assessment of Therapy (SGAT) (0 = no response; 10 = excellent response), respectively. There was no significant difference among the healing times for the different products. The mean (95% confidence interval) was 9.67 days (9.11–10.22) for Compeed, 9.30 days (8.75–9.85) for Herpatch, and 9.80 days (9.30–10.30) for Zovirax. The reaction rate and quality of therapy (CGAT and SGAT) of Herpatch were significantly higher than those of Compeed and Zovirax. Within the study limitations, Herpatch proved to be an effective, non-antiviral alternative in the treatment of HSL.
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12
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Merigo E, Rocca JP, Pinheiro ALB, Fornaini C. Photobiomodulation Therapy in Oral Medicine: A Guide for the Practitioner with Focus on New Possible Protocols. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:669-680. [PMID: 31589560 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the term to define the wide range of laser applications using low-energy densities and based on photochemical mechanisms where the energy is transferred to the intracellular mitochondrial chromophores and respiratory chain components. In literature, a great number of works are reported showing the advantages of PBM use in many oral diseases such as recurrent aphthous stomatitis, herpes infections, mucositis, and burning mouth syndrome. Different factors may explain the increasing reported use of PBM in oral medicine: the absence of side effects, the possibility of safely treating compromised patients such as oncologic patients, the possibility of a noninvasive approach not associated with pain or discomfort, and the possibility of performing short sessions. The review's aim is to describe the possible applications of PBM in oral medicine, giving practitioners simple guide for practice together with the information of a new treatment possibility "at home" performed by the patient himself under supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Merigo
- Micoralis Research Laboratory EA 7354, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Dentistry, Special Needs and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Hospital Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Rocca
- Micoralis Research Laboratory EA 7354, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Carlo Fornaini
- Micoralis Research Laboratory EA 7354, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Dentistry, Special Needs and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Hospital Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy.,GAEM, Group of Applied ElectroMagnetics, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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13
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Photobiomodulation therapy is able to decrease IL1B gene expression in an in vitro cellular model of hidradenitis suppurativa. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:1003-1005. [PMID: 31444612 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Photobiomodulation therapy reduces viral load and cell death in ZIKV-infected glioblastoma cell line. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:2011-2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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