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Wahab A, Muhammad M, Munir A, Abdi G, Zaman W, Ayaz A, Khizar C, Reddy SPP. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Regulating Growth, Enhancing Productivity, and Potentially Influencing Ecosystems under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3102. [PMID: 37687353 PMCID: PMC10489935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with the roots of nearly all land-dwelling plants, increasing growth and productivity, especially during abiotic stress. AMF improves plant development by improving nutrient acquisition, such as phosphorus, water, and mineral uptake. AMF improves plant tolerance and resilience to abiotic stressors such as drought, salt, and heavy metal toxicity. These benefits come from the arbuscular mycorrhizal interface, which lets fungal and plant partners exchange nutrients, signalling molecules, and protective chemical compounds. Plants' antioxidant defence systems, osmotic adjustment, and hormone regulation are also affected by AMF infestation. These responses promote plant performance, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass production in abiotic stress conditions. As a result of its positive effects on soil structure, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, AMF contributes to the maintenance of resilient ecosystems. The effects of AMFs on plant growth and ecological stability are species- and environment-specific. AMF's growth-regulating, productivity-enhancing role in abiotic stress alleviation under abiotic stress is reviewed. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive AMF-plant interactions and their responses to abiotic stresses. AMF triggers plants' morphological, physiological, and molecular responses to abiotic stress. Water and nutrient acquisition, plant development, and abiotic stress tolerance are improved by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. In plants, AMF colonization modulates antioxidant defense mechanisms, osmotic adjustment, and hormonal regulation. These responses promote plant performance, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass production in abiotic stress circumstances. AMF-mediated effects are also enhanced by essential oils (EOs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and phosphorus (P). Understanding how AMF increases plant adaptation and reduces abiotic stress will help sustain agriculture, ecosystem management, and climate change mitigation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have gained prominence in agriculture due to their multifaceted roles in promoting plant health and productivity. This review delves into how AMF influences plant growth and nutrient absorption, especially under challenging environmental conditions. We further explore the extent to which AMF bolsters plant resilience and growth during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Murad Muhammad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Asma Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran;
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Chandni Khizar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of the Lahore, Lahore 51000, Pakistan;
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Zou YN, Qin QY, Ma WY, Zhou LJ, Wu QS, Xu YJ, Kuča K, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd-Allah EF. Metabolomics reveals arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated tolerance of walnut to soil drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:118. [PMID: 36849930 PMCID: PMC9972670 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a positive effect on drought tolerance of plants after establishing reciprocal resymbiosis with roots, while the underlying mechanism is not deciphered. Metabolomics can explain the mechanism of plant response to environmental stress by analyzing the changes of all small molecular weight metabolites. The purpose of this study was to use Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Q Exactive Mass Spectrometer to analyze changes in root metabolites of walnut (Juglans regia) after inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora spurca under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS). RESULTS Sixty days of soil drought significantly inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization rate, shoot and root biomass production, and leaf water potential in walnut, while AMF inoculation significantly increased biomass production and leaf water potential, accompanied by a higher increase magnitude under DS versus under WW. A total of 3278 metabolites were identified. Under WW, AMF inoculation up-regulated 172 metabolites and down-regulated 61 metabolites, along with no changes in 1104 metabolites. However, under DS, AMF inoculation up-regulated 49 metabolites and down-regulated 116 metabolites, coupled with no changes in 1172 metabolites. Among them, juglone (a quinone found in walnuts) as the first ranked differential metabolite was up-regulated by AMF under WW but not under DS; 2,3,5-trihydroxy-5-7-dimethoxyflavanone as the first ranked differential metabolite was increased by AMF under DS but not under WW. The KEGG annotation showed a large number of metabolic pathways triggered by AMF, accompanied by different metabolic pathways under WW and DS. Among them, oxidative phosphorylation and phenylalanine metabolism and biosynthesis were triggered by AMF in response to WW and DS, where N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine was induced by AMF to increase under DS, while decreasing under WW. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the metabolic mechanisms of mycorrhiza-enhanced drought tolerance in walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ning Zou
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Qin
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Wen-Ya Ma
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China.
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Yong-Jie Xu
- Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, 430075, China.
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Diller JGP, Drescher S, Hofmann M, Rabus M, Feldhaar H, Laforsch C. The Beauty is a beast: Does leachate from the invasive terrestrial plant
Impatiens glandulifera
affect aquatic food webs? Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8781. [PMID: 35414893 PMCID: PMC8986513 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive alien species are a major threat to ecosystems. Invasive terrestrial plants can produce allelochemicals which suppress native terrestrial biodiversity. However, it is not known if leached allelochemicals from invasive plants growing in riparian zones, such as Impatiens glandulifera, also affect freshwater ecosystems. We used mesocosms and laboratory experiments to test the impact of I. glandulifera on a simplified freshwater food web. Our mesocosm experiments show that leachate from I. glandulifera significantly reduced population growth rate of the water flea Daphnia magna and the green alga Acutodesmus obliquus, both keystone species of lakes and ponds. Laboratory experiments using the main allelochemical released by I. glandulifera, 2‐methoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, revealed negative fitness effects in D. magna and A. obliquus. Our findings show that allelochemicals from I. glandulifera not only reduce biodiversity in terrestrial habitats but also pose a threat to freshwater ecosystems, highlighting the necessity to incorporate cross‐ecosystem effects in the risk assessment of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens G. P. Diller
- Animal Ecology I University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | | | - Mario Hofmann
- Animal Ecology I University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Max Rabus
- Animal Ecology I University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Ecology I University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
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Simberloff D, Kaur H, Kalisz S, Bezemer TM. Novel chemicals engender myriad invasion mechanisms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1184-1200. [PMID: 34416017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-native invasive species (NIS) release chemicals into the environment that are unique to the invaded communities, defined as novel chemicals. Novel chemicals impact competitors, soil microbial communities, mutualists, plant enemies, and soil nutrients differently than in the species' native range. Ecological functions of novel chemicals and differences in functions between the native and non-native ranges of NIS are of immense interest to ecologists. Novel chemicals can mediate different ecological, physiological, and evolutionary mechanisms underlying invasion hypotheses. Interactions amongst the NIS and resident species including competitors, soil microbes, and plant enemies, as well as abiotic factors in the invaded community are linked to novel chemicals. However, we poorly understand how these interactions might enhance NIS performance. New empirical data and analyses of how novel chemicals act in the invaded community will fill major gaps in our understanding of the chemistry of biological invasions. A novel chemical-invasion mechanism framework shows how novel chemicals engender invasion mechanisms beyond plant-plant or plant-microorganism interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Simberloff
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Plant BioSystems, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 6700 AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Meyer GW, Bahamon Naranjo MA, Widhalm JR. Convergent evolution of plant specialized 1,4-naphthoquinones: metabolism, trafficking, and resistance to their allelopathic effects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:167-176. [PMID: 33258472 PMCID: PMC7853596 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant 1,4-naphthoquinones encompass a class of specialized metabolites known to mediate numerous plant-biotic interactions. This class of compounds also presents a remarkable case of convergent evolution. The 1,4-naphthoquinones are synthesized by species belonging to nearly 20 disparate orders spread throughout vascular plants, and their production occurs via one of four known biochemically distinct pathways. Recent developments from large-scale biology and genetic studies corroborate the existence of multiple pathways to synthesize plant 1,4-naphthoquinones and indicate that extraordinary events of metabolic innovation and links to respiratory and photosynthetic quinone metabolism probably contributed to their independent evolution. Moreover, because many 1,4-naphthoquinones are excreted into the rhizosphere and they are highly reactive in biological systems, plants that synthesize these compounds also needed to independently evolve strategies to deploy them and to resist their effects. In this review, we highlight new progress made in understanding specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone biosynthesis and trafficking with a focus on how these discoveries have shed light on the convergent evolution and diversification of this class of compounds in plants. We also discuss how emerging themes in metabolism-based herbicide resistance may provide clues to mechanisms plants employ to tolerate allelopathic 1,4-naphthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Meyer
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maria A Bahamon Naranjo
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ji L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Yang L, Yang N, Zhang D. Long-term effects of mixed planting on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots and soils of Juglans mandshurica plantations. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:304. [PMID: 33045991 PMCID: PMC7552469 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Establishing mixed plantations is an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase forest productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbiotic fungi that can promote mineral nutrient absorption and regulate intraspecific and interspecific competition in plants. However, the effects of mixed plantations on the community structure and abundance of AM fungi are still unclear. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the AM fungal community in the roots and soils of pure and mixed plantations (Juglans mandshurica × Larix gmelinii). The objective of this study is to compare the differential responses of the root and rhizosphere soil AM fungal communities of Juglans mandshurica to long-term mixed plantation management. Results Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genera in the root samples, accounting for more than 80% of the sequences. Compared with that in the pure plantation, the relative abundance of Glomus was higher in the mixed plantation. Glomus, Diversispora and Paraglomus accounted for more than 85% of the sequences in the soil samples. The relative abundances of Diversispora and an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes were higher and lower in the pure plantation, respectively. The Root_P samples (the roots in the pure plantation) had the highest number of unique OTUs (operational taxonomic units), which belonged mainly to an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes, Paraglomus, Glomus and Acaulospora. The number of unique OTUs detected in the soil was lower than that in the roots. In both the root and soil samples, the forest type did not have a significant effect on AM fungal diversity, but the Sobs value and the Shannon, Chao1 and Ace indices of AM fungi in the roots were significantly higher than those in the soil. Conclusions Mixed forest management had little effect on the AM fungal community of Juglans mandshurica roots and significantly changed the community composition of the soil AM fungi, but not the diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.,Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.,ZEHO Waterfront Ecological Environment Management Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
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Trinchera A, Ciaccia C, Testani E, Baratella V, Campanelli G, Leteo F, Canali S. Mycorrhiza-mediated interference between cover crop and weed in organic winter cereal agroecosystems: The mycorrhizal colonization intensity indicator. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5593-5604. [PMID: 31160984 PMCID: PMC6540714 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic organisms able to provide many benefits to crop production by supplying a set of ecosystem functions. A recent ecological approach based on the ability of the fungi community to influence plant-plant interactions by extraradical mycelium development may be applied to diversified, herbaceous agroecosystems. Our hypothesis is that the introduction of a winter cereal cover crop (CC) as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-host plant in an organic rotation can boosts the AMF colonization of the other plants, influencing crop-weed interference. In a 4-years organic rotation, the effect of two winter cereal CC, rye and spelt, on weed density and AMF colonization was evaluated. The AMF extraradical mycelium on CC and weeds roots was observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. By joining data of plant density and mycorrhization, we built the mycorrhizal colonization intensity of the Agroecosystem indicator (MA%). Both the CC were colonized by soil AMF, being the mycorrhizal colonization intensity (M%) affected by environmental conditions. Under CC, the weed density was reduced, due to the increase of the reciprocal competition in favor of CC, which benefited from mycorrhizal colonization and promoted the development of AMF extraradical mycelium. Even though non-host plants, some weed species showed an increased mycorrhizal colonization in presence of CC respect to the control. Under intense rainfall, the MA% was less sensitive to the CC introduction. On the opposite, under highly competitive conditions, both the CC boosted significantly the mycorrhization of coexistent plants in the agroecosystem. The proposed indicator measured the agroecological service provided by the considered CCs in promoting or inhibiting the overall AMF colonization of the studied agroecosystems, as affected by weed selection and growth: It informs about agroecosystem resilience and may be profitably applied to indicate the extent of the linkage of specific crop traits to agroecosystem services, contributing to further develop the functional biodiversity theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Trinchera
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Corrado Ciaccia
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Elena Testani
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Valentina Baratella
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Gabriele Campanelli
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental CropsCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsMonsampolo del Tronto (AP)Italy
| | - Fabrizio Leteo
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental CropsCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsMonsampolo del Tronto (AP)Italy
| | - Stefano Canali
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
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Tian L, Shi S, Ma L, Zhou X, Luo S, Zhang J, Lu B, Tian C. The effect of Glomus intraradices on the physiological properties of Panax ginseng and on rhizospheric microbial diversity. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:77-85. [PMID: 30662296 PMCID: PMC6323239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomus intraradices is a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that, as an obligate endomycorrhiza, can form mutually beneficial associations with plants. Panax ginseng is a popular traditional Chinese medicine; however, problems associated with ginseng planting, such as pesticide residues, reduce the ginseng quality. METHODS In this experiment, we studied the effect of inoculating G. intraradices on several physiological properties and microbial communities of ginseng. UV-Visible Spectrum method was used to detect physical properties. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method was used to analyze microbial communities. RESULTS The results indicated that inoculation with G. intraradices can improve the colonization rate of lateral ginseng roots, increase the levels of monomeric and total ginsenosides, and improve root activity as well as polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities. We also studied the bacterial and fungal communities in ginseng rhizospheric soil. In our study, G. intraradices inoculation improved the abundance and Shannon diversity of bacteria, whereas fungi showed a reciprocal effect. Furthermore, we found that G. intraradices inoculation might increase some beneficial bacterial species and decreased pathogenic fungi in rhizospheric soil of ginseng. CONCLUSION Our results showed that G. intraradices can benefit ginseng planting which may have some instructive and practical significance for planting ginseng in farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shasha Luo
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baohui Lu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Chagas FO, Pessotti RDC, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Pupo MT. Chemical signaling involved in plant-microbe interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1652-1704. [PMID: 29218336 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are found everywhere, and they are closely associated with plants. Because the establishment of any plant-microbe association involves chemical communication, understanding crosstalk processes is fundamental to defining the type of relationship. Although several metabolites from plants and microbes have been fully characterized, their roles in the chemical interplay between these partners are not well understood in most cases, and they require further investigation. In this review, we describe different plant-microbe associations from colonization to microbial establishment processes in plants along with future prospects, including agricultural benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Oliveira Chagas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
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Gomes MP, Garcia QS, Barreto LC, Pimenta LPS, Matheus MT, Figueredo CC. Allelopathy: An overview from micro- to macroscopic organisms, from cells to environments, and the perspectives in a climate-changing world. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Maighal M, Salem M, Kohler J, Rillig MC. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi negatively affect soil seed bank viability. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:7683-7689. [PMID: 30128121 PMCID: PMC6093153 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed banks represent a reservoir of propagules important for understanding plant population dynamics. Seed viability in soil depends on soil abiotic conditions, seed species, and soil biota. Compared to the vast amount of data on plant growth effects, next to nothing is known about how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could influence viability of seeds in the soil seed bank. To test whether AMF could influence seed bank viability, we conducted three two-factorial experiments using seeds of three herbaceous plant species (Taraxacum officinale, Dactylis glomerata, and Centaurea nigra) under mesocosm (experiments 1 and 2) and field conditions (experiment 3) and modifying the factor AMF presence (yes and no). To allow only hyphae to grow in and to prevent root penetration, paired root exclusion compartments (RECs) were used in experiments 2 and 3, which were either rotated (interrupted mycelium connection) or kept static (allows mycorrhizal connection). After harvesting, seed viability, soil water content, soil phosphorus availability, soil pH, and hyphal length in RECs were measured. In experiment 1, we used inoculation or not with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis to establish the mycorrhizal treatment levels. A significant negative effect of mycorrhizal hyphae on viability of seeds was observed in experiments 1 and 3, and a similar trend in experiment 2. All three experiments showed that water content, soil pH, and AMF extraradical hyphal lengths were increased in the presence of AMF, but available P was decreased significantly. Viability of seeds in the soil seed bank correlated negatively with water content, soil pH, and AMF extraradical hyphal lengths and positively with soil P availability. Our results suggest that AMF can have a negative impact on soil seed viability, which is in contrast to the often-documented positive effects on plant growth. Such effects must now be included in our conceptual models of the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Maighal
- Institut für BiologiePlant EcologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Institut für BiologiePlant EcologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Josef Kohler
- Institut für BiologiePlant EcologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institut für BiologiePlant EcologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
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Soil substrates affect responses of root feeding larvae to their hosts at multiple levels: Orientation, locomotion and feeding. Basic Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Varga S, Kytöviita M. Faster acquisition of symbiotic partner by common mycorrhizal networks in early plant life stage. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Varga
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Jyvaskyla P.O. Box 35 FI‐40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Minna‐Maarit Kytöviita
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Jyvaskyla P.O. Box 35 FI‐40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
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Widhalm JR, Rhodes D. Biosynthesis and molecular actions of specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone natural products produced by horticultural plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16046. [PMID: 27688890 PMCID: PMC5030760 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are a diverse group of natural products found in every kingdom of life. Plants, including many horticultural species, collectively synthesize hundreds of specialized 1,4-NQs with ecological roles in plant-plant (allelopathy), plant-insect and plant-microbe interactions. Numerous horticultural plants producing 1,4-NQs have also served as sources of traditional medicines for hundreds of years. As a result, horticultural species have been at the forefront of many basic studies conducted to understand the metabolism and function of specialized plant 1,4-NQs. Several 1,4-NQ natural products derived from horticultural plants have also emerged as promising scaffolds for developing new drugs. In this review, the current understanding of the core metabolic pathways leading to plant 1,4-NQs is provided with additional emphasis on downstream natural products originating from horticultural species. An overview on the biochemical mechanisms of action, both from an ecological and pharmacological perspective, of 1,4-NQs derived from horticultural plants is also provided. In addition, future directions for improving basic knowledge about plant 1,4-NQ metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
- ()
| | - David Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
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Gorzelak MA, Asay AK, Pickles BJ, Simard SW. Inter-plant communication through mycorrhizal networks mediates complex adaptive behaviour in plant communities. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv050. [PMID: 25979966 PMCID: PMC4497361 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive behaviour of plants, including rapid changes in physiology, gene regulation and defence response, can be altered when linked to neighbouring plants by a mycorrhizal network (MN). Mechanisms underlying the behavioural changes include mycorrhizal fungal colonization by the MN or interplant communication via transfer of nutrients, defence signals or allelochemicals. We focus this review on our new findings in ectomycorrhizal ecosystems, and also review recent advances in arbuscular mycorrhizal systems. We have found that the behavioural changes in ectomycorrhizal plants depend on environmental cues, the identity of the plant neighbour and the characteristics of the MN. The hierarchical integration of this phenomenon with other biological networks at broader scales in forest ecosystems, and the consequences we have observed when it is interrupted, indicate that underground 'tree talk' is a foundational process in the complex adaptive nature of forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Gorzelak
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Amanda K Asay
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Brian J Pickles
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Suzanne W Simard
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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Functional Significance of Anastomosis in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Networks. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7395-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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