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Zou YN, Qin QY, Ma WY, Zhou LJ, Wu QS, Xu YJ, Kuča K, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd-Allah EF. Metabolomics reveals arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated tolerance of walnut to soil drought. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:118. [PMID: 36849930 PMCID: PMC9972670 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a positive effect on drought tolerance of plants after establishing reciprocal resymbiosis with roots, while the underlying mechanism is not deciphered. Metabolomics can explain the mechanism of plant response to environmental stress by analyzing the changes of all small molecular weight metabolites. The purpose of this study was to use Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Q Exactive Mass Spectrometer to analyze changes in root metabolites of walnut (Juglans regia) after inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora spurca under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS). RESULTS Sixty days of soil drought significantly inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization rate, shoot and root biomass production, and leaf water potential in walnut, while AMF inoculation significantly increased biomass production and leaf water potential, accompanied by a higher increase magnitude under DS versus under WW. A total of 3278 metabolites were identified. Under WW, AMF inoculation up-regulated 172 metabolites and down-regulated 61 metabolites, along with no changes in 1104 metabolites. However, under DS, AMF inoculation up-regulated 49 metabolites and down-regulated 116 metabolites, coupled with no changes in 1172 metabolites. Among them, juglone (a quinone found in walnuts) as the first ranked differential metabolite was up-regulated by AMF under WW but not under DS; 2,3,5-trihydroxy-5-7-dimethoxyflavanone as the first ranked differential metabolite was increased by AMF under DS but not under WW. The KEGG annotation showed a large number of metabolic pathways triggered by AMF, accompanied by different metabolic pathways under WW and DS. Among them, oxidative phosphorylation and phenylalanine metabolism and biosynthesis were triggered by AMF in response to WW and DS, where N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine was induced by AMF to increase under DS, while decreasing under WW. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the metabolic mechanisms of mycorrhiza-enhanced drought tolerance in walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ning Zou
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Qin
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Wen-Ya Ma
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute / College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China.
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Yong-Jie Xu
- Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, 430075, China.
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Liu MY, Li QS, Ding WY, Dong LW, Deng M, Chen JH, Tian X, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Alenazi MM, Abd-Allah EF, Wu QS. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation impacts expression of aquaporins and salt overly sensitive genes and enhances tolerance of salt stress in tomato. Chem Biol Technol Agric 2023; 10:5. [DOI: 10.1186/s40538-022-00368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that establish reciprocal symbiosis with plant roots can enhance resistance to various stresses, including salt stress, but relevant mechanisms, especially at the molecular level, are scarce. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Paraglomus occultum on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and expression of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) and salt overly sensitive (SOS) genes in tomato under salt (150 mmol/L NaCl) and non-salt stress. Salt stress for 4 weeks inhibited root colonization rate of P. occultum and soil hyphal length by 0.21- and 0.57-fold, respectively. Salt stress also inhibited plant growth performance and leaf gas exchange, while inoculation with P. occultum significantly enhanced them under salt and non-salt stress conditions. AMF showed diverse regulation of root SlPIPs and SlTIPs expression, among which under salt stress, SlPIP1;2, SlPIP1;5, SlPIP2;1, SlPIP2;6, SlPIP2;9, SlPIP2;10, SlTIP2;2, SlTIP3;2, and SlTIP5;1 were up-regulated by AMF colonization, and SlPIP1;7, SlPIP2;5, SlPIP2;8, SlPIP2;11, SlPIP2;12, SlTIP2;3, and SlTIP3;1 were down-regulated, accompanied by no change in SlPIP1;1, SlPIP1;3, SlPIP2;4, SlTIP1;1, SlTIP1;2, SlTIP1;3, SlTIP2;1, and SlTIP2;5. Interestingly, salt stress inhibited the expression of SlSOS1 and SlSOS2 in non-mycorrhizal plants, while it increased the expression of SlSOS1 and SlSOS2 in mycorrhizal plants. AMF colonization down-regulated expression of SlSOS1 and SlSOS2 under non-salt stress while up-regulated expression of SlSOS1 and SlSOS2 under salt stress. It was concluded that AMF inoculation impacted the expression of stress-responsive genes, especially SOS1 and SOS2, and enhanced salt resistance of tomato.
Graphical Abstract
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Liu Z, Cheng S, Liu XQ, Kuča K, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Wu QS, Zou YN. Cloning of a CHS gene of Poncirus trifoliata and its expression in response to soil water deficit and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1101212. [PMID: 36605949 PMCID: PMC9807919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely found in plants with antioxidants, of which chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme required in flavonoid synthesis pathways. The objective of this study was to clone a CHS gene from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and analyze its biological information and partial functions. A PtCHS gene (NCBI accession: MZ350874) was cloned from the genome-wide of trifoliate orange, which has 1156 bp in length, encoding 391 amino acids, with a predicted protein relative molecular mass of 42640.19, a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.28, and a lipid coefficient of 89.82. The protein is stable, hydrophilic, and high sequence conservation (92.49% sequence homology with CHS gene of other species). PtCHS was highly expressed in stems, leaves and flowers, but very low expression in roots and seeds. Soil water deficit could up-regulate expressions of PtCHS in leaves. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Funneliformis mosseae, significantly increased plant biomass production, CHS activity, expressions of PtCHS, and total flavonoid content in leaves and roots, independent of soil water status. Total flavonoids were significantly positively correlated with PtCHS expression in leaves only and also positively with root mycorrhizal colonization. Such results provide insight into the important functions of PtCHS in trifoliate orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shen Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Ma WY, Qin QY, Zou YN, Kuča K, Giri B, Wu QS, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Xu YJ. Arbuscular mycorrhiza induces low oxidative burst in drought-stressed walnut through activating antioxidant defense systems and heat shock transcription factor expression. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1089420. [PMID: 36523633 PMCID: PMC9745176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have important roles in enhancing drought tolerance of host plants, but it is not clear whether and how AMF increase drought tolerance in walnut (Juglans regia). We hypothesized that AMF could activate antioxidant defense systems and heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) transcription levels to alleviate oxidative damage caused by drought. The walnut variety 'Liaohe No. 1' was inoculated with Diversispora spurca and exposed to well-watered (WW, 75% of the maximum soil water capacity) and drought stress (DS, 50% of the maximum soil water capacity) for 6 weeks. Plant growth, antioxidant defense systems, and expressions of five JrHsfs in leaves were studied. Such drought treatment inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization, while plant growth performance was still improved by AMF inoculation. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculation triggered the increase in soluble protein, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASC), and total ASC contents and ascorbic peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, along with lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2 •-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, compared with non-inoculation under drought. Mycorrhizal plants also recorded higher peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities than non-mycorrhizal plants under drought. The expression of JrHsf03, JrHsf05, JrHsf20, JrHsf22, and JrHsf24 was up-regulated under WW by AMF, while the expression of JrHsf03, JrHsf22, and JrHsf24 were up-regulated only under drought by AMF. It is concluded that D. spurca induced low oxidative burst in drought-stressed walnut through activating antioxidant defense systems and part Hsfs expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Ma
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Qin
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Bhoopander Giri
- Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong-Jie Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, China
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Singh RP, Yadav P, Kumar A, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Abd Allah EF, Rodríguez Dorantes A, Gupta RK. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bicarbonate Supplementation on Biomass and Lipid Content of Green Algae Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 Isolated From Wastewater for Renewable Biofuel Feedstock. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:839800. [PMID: 35444634 PMCID: PMC9015788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.839800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, different microalgae were isolated from wastewater environment and evaluated for higher growth and lipid accumulation. The growth adaptability of all the isolated microalgae were tested for carbon source with supplementation of sodium bicarbonate in BG-11 N+ medium. Further based on the uptake rate of sodium bicarbonate and growth behavior, microalgal strains were selected for biofuel feedstock. During the study, growth parameters of all the isolates were screened after supplementation with various carbon sources, in which strain Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 was found highly effective among all. The efficacy of Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 strain under different sodium bicarbonate (4–20 mM) concentration, in which higher growth 1.4 times greater than control was observed at the concentration 12 mM sodium bicarbonate. In addition, total chlorophyll content (Chl-a + Chl-b), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, Y(II), ETR max, and NPQmax), and biomass productivity were found to be 11.514 μg/ml, 0.673, 0.675, and 31.167 μmol electrons m−2 s−1, 1.399, 59.167 mg/L/day, respectively, at the 12 mM sodium bicarbonate. However, under optimum sodium bicarbonate supplementation, 56.920% carbohydrate and 34.693% lipid content were accumulated, which showed potential of sodium bicarbonate supplementation in renewable biofuel feedstock by using Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Prasad Singh
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rajan Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Rehman S, Iqbal Z, Qureshi R, Rahman IU, Sakhi S, Khan I, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Ali N, Khan MA, Ijaz F. Ethnoveterinary Practices of Medicinal Plants Among Tribes of Tribal District of North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:815294. [PMID: 35400104 PMCID: PMC8990162 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.815294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic animals play a vital role in the development of human civilization. Plants are utilized as remedies for a variety of domestic animals, in addition to humans. The tribes of North Waziristan are extremely familiar with the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as ethnoveterinary medicines. The present study was carried out during 2018–2019 to record ethnoveterinary knowledge of the local plants that are being used by the tribal communities of North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In all, 56 medicinal plant species belonging to 42 families were identified, which were reported to treat 45 different animal diseases. These included 32 herbs, 12 shrubs, and 12 trees. Among the plant families, Asteraceae contributed the most species (5 spp.), followed by Amaranthaceae (4 spp.), Solanaceae (4 species), and Alliaceae, Araceae, and Lamiaceae (2 spp. each). The most common ethnoveterinary applications were documented for the treatment of blood in urine, bone injury, colic, indigestion, postpartum retention, skin diseases, constipation, increased milk production, mastitis, foot, and mouth diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabith Rehman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Rahmatullah Qureshi
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Inayat Ur Rahman
| | - Shazia Sakhi
- Department of Botany, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Botany, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Rahman IU, Hart RE, Ijaz F, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Calixto ES, Abd_Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Kausar R, Haq SM. Environmental variables drive plant species composition and distribution in the moist temperate forests of Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260687. [PMID: 35202409 PMCID: PMC8870539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By assessing plant species composition and distribution in biodiversity hotspots influenced by environmental gradients, we greatly advance our understanding of the local plant community and how environmental factors are affecting these communities. This is a proxy for determining how climate change influences plant communities in mountainous regions ("space-for-time" substitution). We evaluated plant species composition and distribution, and how and which environmental variables drive the plant communities in moist temperate zone of Manoor valley of Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan. During four consecutive years (2015-2018), we sampled 30 sampling sites, measuring 21 environmental variables, and recording all plant species present in an altitudinal variable range of 1932-3168 m.a.s.l. We used different multivariate analyses to identify potential plant communities, and to evaluate the relative importance of each environmental variable in the species composition and distribution. Finally, we also evaluated diversity patterns, by comparing diversity indices and beta diversity processes. We found that (i) the moist temperate zone in this region can be divided in four different major plant communities; (ii) each plant community has a specific set of environmental drivers; (iii) there is a significant variation in plant species composition between communities, in which six species contributed most to the plant composition dissimilarity; (iv) there is a significant difference of the four diversity indices between communities; and (v) community structure is twice more influenced by the spatial turnover of species than by the species loss. Overall, we showed that altitudinal gradients offer an important range of different environmental variables, highlighting the existence of micro-climates that drive the structure and composition of plant species in each micro-region. Each plant community along the altitudinal gradient is influenced by a set of environmental variables, which lead to the presence of indicator species in each micro-region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IUR); (REH)
| | - Robbie E. Hart
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IUR); (REH)
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Eduardo S. Calixto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri St. Louis (UMSL), Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rukhsana Kausar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Singh R, Pandey KD, Singh M, Singh SK, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Abd_Allah EF, Singh PK, Kumar A. Isolation and Characterization of Endophytes Bacterial Strains of Momordica charantia L. and Their Possible Approach in Stress Management. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020290. [PMID: 35208743 PMCID: PMC8877101 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, eight endophytic bacterial strains, namely Bacillus licheniformis R1, Bacillus sp. R2, Agrobacterium tumefaciens R6, uncultured bacterium R11, Bacillus subtilis RS3, Bacillus subtilis RS6, uncultured bacterium RS8 and Lysinibacillus fusiformis RS9, were isolated from the root of Momordica charantia L. All the strains, except R6 exhibited positive for IAA production, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization during plant growth-promoting traits analysis. Strains invariably utilized glucose and sucrose as a carbon source during substrate utilization, while yeast extract, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, glycine, glutamine, and isoleucine as nitrogen sources. In addition, Spectinomycin was found as the most effective during antibiotic sensitivity TEST, followed by Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Rifampicin and Kanamycin, while Polymixin B was found least effective, while strains R1, R6, and RS8 were sensitive to all the antibiotics. Strains R1 and RS6 were able to withstand tolerance up to 10% of NaCl. The strains showing resistance against broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially chloramphenicol, can be used in hospital waste management. In addition, strains with a tolerance of 10 % of NaCl can improve plant growth in the saline affected area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Singh
- Department of Botany, Sunbeam Women’s College Varuna, Varanasi 221002, India;
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (K.D.P.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Kapil Deo Pandey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (K.D.P.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Monika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (K.D.P.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.-B.F.A.-A.)
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.-B.F.A.-A.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796001, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (K.D.P.); (S.K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+91-896-063-9724
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Sun RT, Feng XC, Zhang ZZ, Zhou N, Feng HD, Liu YM, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Abd_Allah EF, Wu QS. Root Endophytic Fungi Regulate Changes in Sugar and Medicinal Compositions of Polygonum cuspidatum. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:818909. [PMID: 35422824 PMCID: PMC9004342 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc is an important industrial crop because it contains a large amount of medicinal secondary metabolites (such as polydatin, resveratrol, chrysophanol, and emodin). However, it is unclear whether root endophytic fungi increase the content of secondary metabolites in the plant. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and Piriformospora indica (Pi) alone or in combination on plant growth, root morphology, thirteen sugars concentrations, and six secondary metabolites (physcion, chrysophanol, emodin, aloe-emodin, polydatin, and resveratrol) concentrations of P. cuspidatum. After 11 weeks of the fungal inoculation, the roots could be colonized by Fm and Pi single or in combination, along with the higher root colonization frequency of Fm > Pi > Fm + Pi in the descending order. In addition, Fm and Pi improved plant growth performance (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and shoot and root biomass) and root morphology (average diameter, maximum diameter, total length, area, and volume) to varying degrees, depending on fungal inoculations, in which Pi displayed a relatively better effect on plant growth. Single Fm and Pi inoculation significantly increased three disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, and trehalose) accumulation, while dual inoculum (Fm + Pi) only elevated sucrose concentrations. Most monosaccharides concentrations, such as D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-sorbitol, D-fructose, glucose, and L-rhamnose were not altered or inhibited by the endophytic fungi, except the increase in L-fucose and inositol. All fungal treatments significantly increased root chrysophanol and resveratrol concentrations, while decreased aloe-emodin concentrations. In addition, single Pi and dual Fm + Pi increased emodin concentrations, and single Fm and dual Fm + Pi elevated physcion and polydatin concentrations. It was concluded that Fm and Pi promoted the growth of P. cuspidatum, and the combination of Fm and Pi was more conducive to the production of some secondary metabolites than single inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Sun
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Cao Feng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ze-Zhi Zhang
- Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiyan, China
| | - Nong Zhou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Dong Feng
- Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiyan, China
| | - Yi-Mei Liu
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang-Sheng Wu,
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Rahman IU, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Alzain MN, Al-Arjani ABF, Alqarawi AA, Abd_Allah EF, Ali N, Sakhi S, Khan MA, Khan U, Ijaz F, Mumtaz S, Calixto ES. Classification and Characterization of the Manoor Valley's (Lesser Himalaya) Vegetation from the Subtropical-Temperate Ecotonal Forests to the Alpine Pastures along Ecological Variables. Plants (Basel) 2021; 11:plants11010087. [PMID: 35009089 PMCID: PMC8747448 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant species are distributed in different types of habitats, forming different communities driven by different sets of environmental variables. Here, we assessed potential plant communities along an altitudinal gradient and their associations with different environmental drivers in the unexplored Manoor Valley (Lesser Himalaya), Pakistan. We have implemented various ecological techniques and evaluated phytosociological attributes in three randomly selected 50 m-transects within each stand (a total of 133) during different seasons for four years (2015-2018). This phytosociological exploration reported 354 plant species representing 93 different families. The results revealed that the Therophytic life form class dominated the flora, whereas Nanophyll dominated the leaf size spectra. There were a total of twelve plant communities identified, ranging from the lowest elevations to the alpine meadows and cold deserts. The maximum number of species were found in Cedrus-Pinus-Parrotiopsis community (197 species), in the middle altitudinal ranges (2292-3168 m). Our results showed that at high altitudes, species richness was reduced, whereas an increase in soil nutrients was linked to progression in vegetation indicators. We also found different clusters of species with similar habitats. Our study clearly shows how altitudinal variables can cluster different plant communities according to different microclimates. Studies such as ours are paramount to better understanding how environmental factors influence ecological and evolutionary aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence: (I.U.R.); (A.A.); (F.I.)
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.U.R.); (A.A.); (F.I.)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Mashail Nasser Alzain
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Shazia Sakhi
- Center of Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Azhar Khan
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Uzma Khan
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
| | - Farhana Ijaz
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.); (M.A.K.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.U.R.); (A.A.); (F.I.)
| | - Samina Mumtaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan 15100, Pakistan;
| | - Eduardo Soares Calixto
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA;
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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11
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Rahman IU, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Alqarawi AA, Abd_Allah EF, Abdalla M, Calixto ES, Sakhi S, Ali N, Bussmann RW. Species Distribution Pattern and Their Contribution in Plant Community Assembly in Response to Ecological Gradients of the Ecotonal Zone in the Himalayan Region. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112372. [PMID: 34834735 PMCID: PMC8623140 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ecotonal zones support populations that are acclimated to changing, fluctuating, and unstable conditions, and as a result, these populations are better equipped to adjust to expected change. In this context, a hypothesis was tested that there must be vegetation dominated by unique indicator plant species under the influence of ecological gradients in the ecotonal zone of Manoor Valley (northwestern Himalaya), Pakistan. Keeping the aforementioned hypothesis in mind, detailed field studies were conducted during different seasons in 2015-18. Line transect sampling and phytosociological characteristics (density, frequency, cover, and their relative values and Importance Value) were implemented as ecological methods. This investigation documented 97 plant species recorded from seven sampling sites. The community distribution modelling revealed that the ecological variables separate the seven sampling sites into two major plant communities (Indigofera-Parrotiopsis-Bistorta and Ziziphus-Leptopus-Quercus) recognized by TWINSPAN. The IBP communities showed a positive and significant correlation with altitude (1789.6-1896.3 m), sandy soil texture with a slightly acidic pH (6.4-6.5), and higher phosphorous (9-13 mg kg-1). In contrast with this, the ZLQ community was recognized on the southern slope under the strong influence of high electrical conductivity (2.82-5.4 dsm-1), organic matter (1.08-1.25%), calcium carbonate (5.8-7.6 mg kg-1), potassium (202-220 mg kg-1), and temperature (28.8-31.8 °C). Hence, both communities were found on opposite axes with clear differences based on the ecological gradients. NMDS clustered different species with similar habitats and different stands with common species, showing that plant species and stands were in a linear combination with ecological gradients. The IPB community has the maximum number of plant species (87 species), Shannon value (H' = 4), Simpson value (0.98), and Pielou's evenness value (0.96). Thus, the multivariate approaches revealed unique vegetation with sharp boundaries between communities which might be due to abrupt environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.)
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.-B.F.A.-A.)
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.-B.F.A.-A.)
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Phar Maceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Eduardo Soares Calixto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA
| | - Shazia Sakhi
- Center of Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (Z.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, 1 Botanical Street, Tbilisi 0105, Georgia;
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Mohanta YK, Biswas K, Rauta PR, Mishra AK, De D, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Alqarawi AA, Abd-Allah EF, Mahanta S, Mohanta TK. Development of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as Potential Biomaterials in Cancer Therapeutics: An In-Vitro Study Against Breast Cancer Cell Line. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Ram H, Kumar P, Purohit A, Kashyap P, Kumar S, Kumar S, Singh G, Alqarawi AA, Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Al-Arjani ABF, Singh BP. Improvements in HOMA indices and pancreatic endocrinal tissues in type 2-diabetic rats by DPP-4 inhibition and antioxidant potential of an ethanol fruit extract of Withania coagulans. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:43. [PMID: 33882957 PMCID: PMC8059290 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal fruits are used in the therapeutics of several ailments due to possessing of potent phytoconstituents which is also used traditionally for curing the diabetes. OBJECTIVE The present study was assessing the amelioration potential of the phytochemicals of an ethanol fruit extract of W. coagulans (Stocks) Dunal in the HOMA (Homeostatic model assessment) indices and pancreatic endocrinal tissues by inhibition of DPP-4 and antioxidants activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS The identification of phytoconstituents of the test extract was performed by LCMS. Further, assessments of in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico were achieved by following standard methods. In-vivo studies were conducted on type-2 diabetic rats. RESULTS The chosen extract inhibited DPP-4 activity by 63.2% in an in vitro assay as well as significantly inhibit serum DPP-4 levels. Accordingly, the administration of the ethanol fruit extract resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.001) alterations in the lipid profile, antioxidant levels, and HOMA indices. Moreover, pancreatic endocrinal tissues (islet of Langerhans) appeared to have the restoration of normal histoarchitecture as evidenced by increased cellular mass. Molecular docking (Protein-ligands) of identified phytoconstituents with DPP-4 (target enzyme) shown incredibly low binding energy (Kcal/mol) as required for ideal interactions. ADMET analysis of the pharmacokinetics of the identified phytoconstituents indicated an ideal profile as per Lipinski laws. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the phytoconstituents of an ethanol fruit extract of W. coagulans have the potential to inhibit DPP-4 which result in improved glucose homeostasis and restoration of pancreatic endocrinal tissues in type-2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India.
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India
| | - Ashok Purohit
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India
| | - Priya Kashyap
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Botany, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, 12511, Egypt
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (AES), National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, 131028, Haryana, India.
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14
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Awan MN, Geldmann J, Buner F, Saqib Z, Pervez A, Mahmood Q, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Alqarawi AA, Abd_Allah EF, Akbar TA. The Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving Globally Threatened Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030680. [PMID: 33806298 PMCID: PMC7999559 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Western Tragopan is a globally threatened pheasant species of the Western Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, whereas protected areas are tools used to protect species and their habitat. In this study, we selected protected areas falling within the potential habitat of the Western Tragopan and evaluated their management effectiveness to understand their role in the protection of the pheasants of global conservation concern. Our results show that only Machiara National Park scored just above 40% (indicating relatively weak management), 22 of the PAs fell within the 25–50% quantile (indicating weak management), and 3 scored below 25% (indicating poor management). PAs within the species distributional range covered 92,387 ha which is only 2% of the total potential habitat of the tragopan. Thus, we concluded that protected areas are not sufficiently contributing to protecting species and its habitat and need to revise their plans. We further recommended establishment of more protected areas within the potential habitat of the species to help protect this iconic species of Western Himalaya. Abstract Protected areas are a critical tool to conserve biodiversity in the face of the global crisis of species extinction. Here, we present the first ever management effectiveness assessment of Pakistan’s Protected Areas (PAs). We link these assessments to the delivery of conservation outcomes focusing on the threatened Western Tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus) endemic to Pakistan and India. We used two approaches, first mapping the spatial distribution of potential habitat coverage using machine learning ensemble models and second, an assessment of the management effectiveness of protected areas. Our results show that only Machiara National Park scored just above 40% (indicating relatively weak management), 22 of the PAs fell within the 25–50% quantile (indicating weak management), and 3 scored below 25% (indicating poor management). PAs within the species distributional range covered 92,387 ha which is only 2% of the total potential habitat of the Tragopan. Scoring of Planning element was insufficient both in term of the site and species. Likewise, inputs (e.g., research and monitoring program, staff numbers, staff training, current budget, security of budget, and management after process) were also inadequate. Finally, we recommend the establishment of more protected areas within the species potential habitat and inclusion of species-specific plans in Pakistan’s PAs management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Awan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Islamabad 22010, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (Q.M.)
| | - Jonas Geldmann
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK;
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francis Buner
- Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Burgate Manor, Fordingbridge SP6 1EF, UK;
| | - Zafeer Saqib
- GIS & Ecoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Arshid Pervez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Islamabad 22010, Pakistan;
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Islamabad 22010, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (Q.M.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.-B.F.A.-A.)
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.-B.F.A.-A.)
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Tahir Ali Akbar
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Islamabad 22010, Pakistan;
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Ahmed T, Noman M, Manzoor N, Shahid M, Abdullah M, Ali L, Wang G, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Alqarawi AA, Abd Allah EF, Li B. Nanoparticle-based amelioration of drought stress and cadmium toxicity in rice via triggering the stress responsive genetic mechanisms and nutrient acquisition. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 209:111829. [PMID: 33383335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium and drought are the most destructive of the abiotic stresses with negative consequences in terms of impaired metabolism, restricted nutrient use efficiency and disruptive photosynthesis of plants. The present study investigated the mitigation strategy of both aforementioned stresses by the application of iron oxide (IONPs) and hydrogel nanoparticles (HGNPs) simultaneously probably for the first time. IONPs were biofabricated by using a locally identified Bacillus strain RNT1, while HGNPs were produced chemically followed by the confirmation and characterization of both NPs through nanomaterials characterization techniques. Results of FTIR and XRD showed the capping of NPs by different functional groups together with their crystalline structure, respectively. SEM and TEM analysis showed the spherical shape along with the particle size ranging from 18 to 94 nm of both NPs, while EDS analysis confirmed the elemental purity of NPs. The results revealed that IONPs-treated rice plants increased biomass, antioxidant enzyme contents, photosynthesis efficiency, nutrient acquisition together with the decrease in reactive oxygen species and acropetal Cd translocation under normal and drought stress conditions as compared with control plants. Furthermore, the expression of the Cd transporter genes, OsHMA2, OsHMA3 and OsLCT1 were curtailed in NPs-treated rice plants under normal and drought stress conditions. The overall significance of the study lies in devising the NPs-based solutions of increasing heavy metal pollution and water availability challenges being faced the farmers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Natasha Manzoor
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Agronomy Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-campus Burewala, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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Vinoth M, Sivasankari S, Ahamed AKK, Al-Arjani ABF, Abd_Allah EF, Baskar K. Biological soil crust (BSC) is an effective biofertilizer on Vigna mungo (L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2325-2332. [PMID: 32884414 PMCID: PMC7451670 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSC) (Cyanobacteria) play an important role in the soil nitrogen fixation and soil stabilization. However, limited researches were carried out about the diversity and distribution of Bio crust in sacred forests. The study aims to identify the distribution of cyanobacteria in biological soil crusts from different sacred groves of Ariyalur and Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu. We identified following microbes of Microcoleus, Scytonema, Anabaena and Nostoc in biological soil crust. A surface experiment was conducted for the efficacy of biological soil crusts on crops seedling growths. The efficacy was assessed by measuring the root & shoot length, dry & fresh weight of the plant, total chlorophyll, protein & carbohydrate content, with reducing sugar. The plant growth was higher in biocrust inoculated pot than the control. In corresponding nitrogenase activity was determined by the acetylene reduction assay, and phytohormones documentation was executed by the high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicating that the biological soil crusts are the promising factors influencing the plant growth by plant growth-stimulating auxins and nitrogenase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Vinoth
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaprakasam Sivasankari
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute- DU, Gandhigram, Dindigul 624302, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Kareem Khaleel Ahamed
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathirvelu Baskar
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Ross Lifescience Pvt., Ltd., Pune, Maharastra 411026, India
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Al-Arjani ABF, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics tolerance expression to mitigate drought stress in Ephedra foliata Boiss. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:380-394. [PMID: 31889861 PMCID: PMC6933241 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most important drivers of soil ecosystem dynamics. AMF have the potential to improve plant growth and development by modulating key hormonal pathways, which result in decreasing the adverse impact of abiotic stress, such as drought. Pot experiments were conducted in this study to investigate the ability of AMF to ameliorate the adverse impact of drought in Ephedra foliate. Non-inoculated AMF E. foliate (Ef) plants, exhibited reduced growth in response to drought stress with a concomitant lowering of chlorophyll pigments, relative to non-stressed and AMF inoculated plant. AMF inoculated E. foliate showed improved nitrogen metabolism by positively regulating nitrate and nitrite reductase activity which results in greater ammonium availability for the synthesis of amino acids. Inoculation with AMF also increased antioxidant enzyme activity, ascorbic acid contents, and reduction in glutathione level. This resulted in significant amelioration of oxidative damage to plant membranes by restricting the excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide. Greater content of proline, glucose, and total soluble protein in AMF-inoculated plants provided further benefit to E. foliate plants and their ability to withstand drought stress, and also evident by a greater level of sucrose phosphate synthase activity. AMF significantly enhanced the uptake of essential nutrients like K, Mg, and Ca. Importantly, higher concentrations of plant hormones, including indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA), gibberellic acid (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA), were maintained in AMF-inoculated Ef plants. AMF inoculation also boosted phosphorous metabolism by increasing alkaline and acid phosphatase enzyme activity. In summary, AMF-inoculation of Ef plants significantly reduced the deleterious effect of drought stress by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system, synthesis of osmolytes, and maintaining phytohormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hashem A, Kumar A, Al-Dbass AM, Alqarawi AA, Al-Arjani ABF, Singh G, Farooq M, Abd_Allah EF. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar improves drought tolerance in chickpea. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:614-624. [PMID: 30899180 PMCID: PMC6408710 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and biochar amendment has been reported to improve growth of several crop plants however their role in stress amelioration individually as well as in combination has not been worked out. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of AMF and biochar on the performance of chickpea under drought stress. The treatments included the individual as well as combined treatment of AMF and biochar to drought stressed and normal chickpea plants. Plants inoculation improved growth in terms of shoot and root length, leaf area and number of branches which was observed to show a steep decline due to drought stress. Drought declined the AMF colonization potential though biochar amendment ameliorated the negative effects of drought significantly by improving the spore population, number of mycelium, vesicle and arbuscules and the percentage of colonization as well. Increased chlorophyll synthesis in biochar and AMF treated plants was obvious, which lead to significant enhancement in the net photosynthetic efficiency. Drought stress also declined the relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI), while treatment of biochar and AMF either individually or in combination mitigated the deleterious effects to considerable extent and caused a significant enhancement in RWC and MSI under normal conditions. Amendments with biochar and AMF inoculation increased the nitrogen fixation attributes including the number and weight of nodules, leghemoglobin content and activity of nitrate reductase enzyme leading to greater uptake and assimilation of nitrogen in them when compared to drought stressed plants. Drought stressed chickpea plants exhibited considerable reduction in uptake of nitrogen and phosphorous which was ameliorated by biochar and AMF treatments. It could be suggested that increase in growth and physiological attributes in chickpea due to biochar amendments and AMF inoculation under drought stress were plausibly due to their involvement in nitrogen and phosphorous uptake, chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, M.P. 470003, India
| | - Abeer M. Al-Dbass
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Radhakrishnan R, Al-Arjani ABF, Aldehaish HA, Egamberdieva D, Abd_Allah EF. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate the oxidative system, hormones and ionic equilibrium to trigger salt stress tolerance in Cucumis sativus L. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1102-1114. [PMID: 30174509 PMCID: PMC6117372 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) association increases plant stress tolerance. This study aimed to determine the mitigation effect of AMF on the growth and metabolic changes of cucumbers under adverse impact of salt stress. Salinity reduced the water content and synthesis of pigments. However, AMF inoculation ameliorated negative effects by enhancing the biomass, synthesis of pigments, activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and the content of ascorbic acid, which might be the result of lower level lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. An accumulation of phenols and proline in AMF-inoculated plants also mediated the elimination of superoxide radicals. In addition, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and several important mineral elements (K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) were enhanced with significant reductions in the uptake of deleterious ions like Na+. These results suggested that AMF can protect cucumber growth from salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Horiah Abdulaziz Aldehaish
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Amber R, Adnan M, Tariq A, Khan SN, Mussarat S, Hashem A, Al-Huqail AA, Al-Arjani ABF, Abd Allah EF. Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants of northwest Pakistan traditionally used against mastitis in livestock. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:154-161. [PMID: 29379373 PMCID: PMC5775084 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of traditionally used anti-mastitis plants (Allium sativum, Bunium persicum, Oryza sativa and Triticum aestivum) in northwest Pakistan against bacterial pathogens. Selected plants were phytochemically screened for Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Saponins and checked for in vitro antibacterial activity at concentration of 50 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae by agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined against multidrug resistant bacteria using tube dilution method. All extracts were found to significantly inhibit (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) the activity against bacterial strains examined. Among phytochemicals, alkaloids of all tested antimastitis plants produced significantly higher inhibition zones against bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of phytochemicals and crude methanolic extracts against tested bacterial strains ranged between 12.5–50 mg/ml and 25–50 mg/ml, respectively. Medicinal plants traditionally used against mastitis are therapeutically active against bacterial pathogens. A. sativum and B. persicum were found to be potential candidate species for the development of novel veterinary drugs with low cost and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahila Amber
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Akash Tariq
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Niaz Khan
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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