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Bisconti R, Carere C, Costantini D, Liparoto A, Chiocchio A, Canestrelli D. Evolution of personality and locomotory performance traits during a late Pleistocene island colonization in a tree frog. Curr Zool 2023; 69:631-641. [PMID: 37637312 PMCID: PMC10449429 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent empirical and theoretical studies suggest that personality and locomotory performance traits linked to dispersal abilities are crucial components of the dispersal syndromes, and that they can evolve during range expansions and colonization processes. Island colonization is one of the best characterized processes in dispersal biogeography, and its implication in the evolution of phenotypic traits has been investigated over a wide range of temporal scales. However, the effect of island colonization on personality and performance traits of natural populations, and how these traits could drive island colonization, has been little explored. Noteworthy, no studies have addressed these processes in the context of late Pleistocene range expansions. Here, we investigated the contribution of island colonization triggered by postglacial range expansions to intraspecific variation in personality and locomotory performance traits. We compared boldness, exploration, jumping performance, and stickiness abilities in populations from 3 equidistant areas of the Tyrrhenian tree frog Hyla sarda, 2 from the main island (Corsica Island), and 1 from the recently colonized island of Elba. Individuals from Elba were significantly bolder than individuals from Corsica, as they emerged sooner from a shelter (P = 0.028), while individuals from Corsica showed markedly higher jumping and stickiness performance (both P < 0.001), resulting as more performing than those of Elba. We discuss these results in the context of the major microevolutionary processes at play during range expansion, including selection, spatial sorting, founder effects, and their possible interaction with local adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bisconti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudio Carere
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anita Liparoto
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiocchio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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2
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Brown JJ, Pascual M, Wimberly MC, Johnson LR, Murdock CC. Humidity - The overlooked variable in the thermal biology of mosquito-borne disease. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1029-1049. [PMID: 37349261 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases cause significant financial and human loss, with billions of dollars spent on control. Arthropod vectors experience a complex suite of environmental factors that affect fitness, population growth and species interactions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Temperature and water availability are two of the most important abiotic variables influencing their distributions and abundances. While extensive research on temperature exists, the influence of humidity on vector and pathogen parameters affecting disease dynamics are less understood. Humidity is often underemphasized, and when considered, is often treated as independent of temperature even though desiccation likely contributes to declines in trait performance at warmer temperatures. This Perspectives explores how humidity shapes the thermal performance of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. We summarize what is known about its effects and propose a conceptual model for how temperature and humidity interact to shape the range of temperatures across which mosquitoes persist and achieve high transmission potential. We discuss how failing to account for these interactions hinders efforts to forecast transmission dynamics and respond to epidemics of mosquito-borne infections. We outline future research areas that will ground the effects of humidity on the thermal biology of pathogen transmission in a theoretical and empirical framework to improve spatial and temporal prediction of vector-borne pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel J Brown
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mercedes Pascual
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael C Wimberly
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Leah R Johnson
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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3
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Dezetter M, Le Galliard JF, Lourdais O. Behavioural hydroregulation protects against acute effects of drought in a dry-skinned ectotherm. Oecologia 2023; 201:355-367. [PMID: 36564481 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During extreme climate events, behavioural thermoregulation may buffer ectotherms from thermal stress and overheating. However, heatwaves are also combined with dry spells and limited water availability, and how much individuals can behaviourally mitigate dehydration risks through microclimate selection remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the behavioural and physiological responses to changes in air and microhabitat humidity in a terrestrial ectotherm, the asp viper (Vipera aspis). We exposed individuals to a simulated heatwave together with water deprivation for 3 weeks, and manipulated air water vapour density (wet air vs. dry air) and microclimate (wet shelter vs. dry shelter) in a two-by-two factorial design. Dry air conditions led to substantial physiological dehydration and muscle wasting. Vipers exposed to dry air used more often a shelter that offered a moist microclimate, which reduced dehydration and muscle wasting at the individual level. These results provide the first experimental evidence that active behavioural hydroregulation can mitigate specific physiological stress responses caused by a dry spell in an ectotherm. Future studies investigating organismal responses to climate change should consider moisture gradient in the habitat and integrate both hydroregulation and thermoregulation behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dezetter
- Sorbonne University, CNRS, UMR 7618, IRD, INRA, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (iEES Paris), Tours 44-45, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
- Centre d'étude biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne University, CNRS, UMR 7618, IRD, INRA, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (iEES Paris), Tours 44-45, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
- Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de Recherche en écologie expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), 78 rue du château, 77140, Saint-Pierre-Lès-Nemours, France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d'étude biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA
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4
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Does Exposure to Predator Cues Influence Movement Behavior of Postmetamorphic Juvenile Rana aurora? J HERPETOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1670/21-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Natchev N, Koynova T, Tachev K, Doichev D, Marinova P, Velkova V, Jablonski D. Temperature regulation in the Balkan spadefoot ( Pelobates balcanicus Karaman, 1928) at the beginning of nocturnal activity. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13647. [PMID: 35860047 PMCID: PMC9291013 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
On land, the amphibians interact with the environment in a complex way-even small changes in the physiological conditions may significantly impact the behaviour and vice versa. In ectothermic tetrapods, the transition from inactive to active phase may be related to important changes in their thermal status. We studied the thermal ecology of adult Balkan spadefoots (Pelobates balcanicus Karaman, 1928) in northeastern Bulgaria. These toads spend the daytime buried between 10 and 15 cm in sandy substrates, and emerge after sunset. On the substrate, their thermal energy exchange is defined by the absence of heat flow from the sun. Secondary heat sources, like stored heat and infrared radiation from the soil play an important role for the thermal balance of the active spadefoot toads. At the beginning of their daily activity, we measured substrate temperature (at a depth of 11-12 cm), toad's surface body temperature, and also provided thermal profiles of the animals and the substrate surface in their microhabitats. In animals which recently emerged from the substrate, the temperature was comparatively higher and was closer to that of the subsoil on the spot. After that, body temperature decreased rapidly and continued to change slowly, in correlation with air temperature. We detected a temperature gradient on the dorsal surface of the toads. On the basis of our measurements and additional data, we discuss the eventual role of air humidity and the effects of surface and skin water evaporation on the water balance and activity of the investigated toads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Natchev
- Shumen University, Shumen, Bulgaria,University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Díaz-Ricaurte JC, Guevara-Molina EC, Alves-Nunes JM, Serrano FC, Hrncir M. Linking body condition and thermal physiology in limping crickets: Does limb autotomy incur costs concerning behavioral thermal tolerance? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:393-402. [PMID: 35167191 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many ectotherms have the ability to voluntarily detach a body part, known as autotomy, usually in response to predator attacks. Autotomy can have an immediate benefit for survival, but it can also involve costs related to the individual's body condition. Even though the effects of autotomy have been studied in many ecophysiological aspects, its short-term costs on the ability to tolerate high environmental temperatures are still unexplored. Herein, we evaluated the effects of autotomy on the behavioral thermal tolerance (VTMax ) in the cricket Gryllus assimilis. We hypothesized that, due to the increased energetic costs to maintain homeostasis, autotomized crickets have a lower VTMax than intact ones. Additionally, we investigated differences in VTMax between sexes, as well as the effects of heating rates and body mass on their VTMax . Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no differences between VTMax of autotomized and intact individuals. However, we observed that females have a higher VTMax than males, regardless of their condition (i.e., autotomized and intact). Moreover, we detected significant effects of body mass and heating rate on behavioral thermal tolerances. The results of our study indicate that costs associated with limb autotomy at high environmental temperatures might be intricate and not immediately impactful. Furthermore, important aspects of reproduction and ecology might be responsible for differences in VTMax between males and females. Our results contribute to understanding the ecological and physiological aspects of ectotherms and how they respond to changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Díaz-Ricaurte
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Semillero de Investigación en Ecofisiología y Biogeografía de Vertebrados, Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad y Desarrollo Amazónico (BYDA), Centro de investigaciones Amazónicas Macagual-Cesar Augusto Estrada Gonzales, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Estefany C Guevara-Molina
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João M Alves-Nunes
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe C Serrano
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Hrncir
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Navas CA, Gouveia SF, Solano-Iguarán JJ, Vidal MA, Bacigalupe LD. Amphibian responses in experimental thermal gradients: Concepts and limits for inference. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 254:110576. [PMID: 33609807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of thermal-gradient data depends on the behavioral drives reported or assumed, and on the underlying behavioral models explaining how such drives operate. The best-known example is positive thermotaxis, a thermoregulatory behavioral drive frequently linked to a dual set-point model of thermoregulation around a target range. This behavioral drive is often assumed as dominant among 'ectotherms', including amphibians. However, we argue that, because amphibians are extremely diverse, they may exhibit alternative behavioral drives in thermal gradients, and tackle this idea from two perspectives. First, we provide a historical review of original definitions and proposed limits for inference. Second, although caveats apply, we propose that a cross-study analysis of data of temperature settings of gradients and the temperatures selected by amphibians would corroborate alternative behavioral drives, including negative thermotaxis. Therefore, we analyzed published data focusing on such relationships and show that gradient temperature settings influence the temperatures selected by amphibians, with further effects of phylogeny and ontogeny. We conclude that thermal gradient experiments are outstanding tools to investigate behavioral drives, but no given drive can be assumed a priori unless additional information about thermoregulation is available. Based on the historical debate, we propose using selected temperatures and preferred temperatures as different concepts, the former merely operational and the second explicitly linked to positive thermotaxis (and thus compatible with dual set-point thermoregulation). Under this view, thermal preferences would stand for a hypothesis of a behavioral drive (positive thermotaxis) requiring formal testing. These considerations impact the scope for inference based on thermal gradient experiments, particularly ecological modeling and emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Navas
- Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sidney F Gouveia
- Departament of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Jaiber J Solano-Iguarán
- Institute of Environmental and Evolutionary Sciences, Austral University of Chile, Isla Teja Campus, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcela A Vidal
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Bío-Bío University, Casilla 447, Chillán, Chile
| | - Leonardo D Bacigalupe
- Institute of Environmental and Evolutionary Sciences, Austral University of Chile, Isla Teja Campus, Valdivia, Chile
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8
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Greenberg DA, Palen WJ. Hydrothermal physiology and climate vulnerability in amphibians. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202273. [PMID: 33593188 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns over the consequences of global climate change for biodiversity have spurred a renewed interest in organismal thermal physiology. However, temperature is only one of many environmental axes poised to change in the future. In particular, hydrologic regimes are also expected to shift concurrently with temperature in many regions, yet our understanding of how thermal and hydration physiology jointly affect performance and fitness is still limited for most taxonomic groups. Here, we investigated the relationship between functional performance, hydration state and temperature in three ecologically distinct amphibians, and compare how temperature and water loss can concurrently limit activity under current climate conditions. We found that performance was maintained across a broad range of hydration states in all three species, but then declines abruptly after a threshold of 20-30% mass loss. This rapid performance decline was accelerated when individuals were exposed to warmer temperatures. Combining our empirical hydrothermal performance curves with species-specific biophysical models, we estimated that dehydration can increase restrictions on species' activity by up to 60% compared to restriction by temperature alone. These results illustrate the importance of integrating species' hydration physiology into forecasts of climate vulnerability, as omitting this axis may significantly underestimate the effects of future climate change on Earth's biological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan A Greenberg
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Wendy J Palen
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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9
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Unlinking the Speciation Steps: Geographical Factors Drive Changes in Sexual Signals of an Amazonian Nurse-Frog Through Body Size Variation. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-020-09525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Guevara-Molina EC, Gomes FR, Camacho A. Effects of dehydration on thermoregulatory behavior and thermal tolerance limits of Rana catesbeiana ( ). J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Vidal MA, Barría-Oyarzo I, Contreras C, Bacigalupe LD. Geography, Temperature, and Water: Interaction Effects in a Small Native Amphibian. Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:369-375. [PMID: 32762608 DOI: 10.1086/710537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Amphibian locomotor capacity is strongly linked to temperature and hydration. However, organisms in nature experience covariation of multiple environmental factors, and thus to better understand the effects of thermal and hydric conditions on physiological performance, it is critical not only to experimentally disentangle them but also to incorporate potential interactive effects due to geographic variation. To this end, we selected two populations of the small amphibian Pleurodema thaul inhabiting highly contrasting temperatures and precipitation regimens. With these two populations, we evaluated the thermal and hydric sensitivities of locomotor performance. For both factors, performance increased with temperature as well as with hydration level, although performance reached a plateau between 25° and 30°C. In addition, the influence of dehydration on performance was independent of the temperature at which it was tested. Our results also showed that the population from the warmer environment has lower sensitivity of locomotor performance to dehydration, probably as a consequence of thermal adaptation, although further studies might be required to fully understand this.
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12
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Moreno-Rueda G, Requena-Blanco A, Zamora-Camacho FJ, Comas M, Pascual G. Morphological determinants of jumping performance in the Iberian green frog. Curr Zool 2020; 66:417-424. [PMID: 32617090 PMCID: PMC7319472 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation is one of the main selective forces in nature, frequently selecting potential prey for developing escape strategies. Escape ability is typically influenced by several morphological parameters, such as morphology of the locomotor appendices, muscular capacity, body mass, or fluctuating asymmetry, and may differ between sexes and age classes. In this study, we tested the relationship among these variables and jumping performance in 712 Iberian green frogs Pelophylax perezi from an urban population. The results suggest that the main determinant of jumping capacity was body size (explaining 48% of variance). Larger frogs jumped farther, but jumping performance reached an asymptote for the largest frogs. Once controlled by structural body size, the heaviest frogs jumped shorter distances, suggesting a trade-off between fat storage and jumping performance. Relative hind limb length also determined a small but significant percentage of variance (2.4%) in jumping performance—that is, the longer the hind limbs, the greater the jumping capacity. Juveniles had relatively shorter and less muscular hind limbs than adults (for a given body size), and their jumping performance was poorer. In our study population, the hind limbs of the frogs were very symmetrical, and we found no effect of fluctuating asymmetry on jumping performance. Therefore, our study provides evidence that jumping performance in frogs is not only affected by body size, but also by body mass and hind limb length, and differ between age classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Moreno-Rueda
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Abelardo Requena-Blanco
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Francisco J Zamora-Camacho
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain.,Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03055, USA
| | - Mar Comas
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
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13
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Rozen‐Rechels D, Dupoué A, Lourdais O, Chamaillé‐Jammes S, Meylan S, Clobert J, Le Galliard J. When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo-hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10029-10043. [PMID: 31534711 PMCID: PMC6745666 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of body temperature (thermoregulation) and of water balance (defined here as hydroregulation) are key processes underlying ecological and evolutionary responses to climate fluctuations in wild animal populations. In terrestrial (or semiterrestrial) ectotherms, thermoregulation and hydroregulation closely interact and combined temperature and water constraints should directly influence individual performances. Although comparative physiologists traditionally investigate jointly water and temperature regulation, the ecological and evolutionary implications of these coupled processes have so far mostly been studied independently. Here, we revisit the concept of thermo-hydroregulation to address the functional integration of body temperature and water balance regulation in terrestrial ectotherms. We demonstrate how thermo-hydroregulation provides a framework to investigate functional adaptations to joint environmental variation in temperature and water availability, and potential physiological and/or behavioral conflicts between thermoregulation and hydroregulation. We extend the classical cost-benefit model of thermoregulation in ectotherms to highlight the adaptive evolution of optimal thermo-hydroregulation strategies. Critical gaps in the parameterization of this conceptual optimality model and guidelines for future empirical research are discussed. We show that studies of thermo-hydroregulation refine our mechanistic understanding of physiological and behavioral plasticity, and of the fundamental niche of the species. This is illustrated with relevant and recent examples of space use and dispersal, resource-based trade-offs, and life-history tactics in insects, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rozen‐Rechels
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD INRAInstitut d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, IEESParisFrance
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- UMR 5321 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul SabatierStation d'Écologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleMoulisFrance
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- UMR 7372 CNRS-ULRCentre d'Études Biologiques de ChizéVilliers en BoisFrance
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Simon Chamaillé‐Jammes
- CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et ÉvolutiveMontpellierFrance
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD INRAInstitut d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, IEESParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéESPE de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean Clobert
- UMR 5321 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul SabatierStation d'Écologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleMoulisFrance
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD INRAInstitut d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement, IEESParisFrance
- École normale supérieure, CNRS, UMS 3194Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologiePSL Research UniversitySaint‐Pierre‐lès‐NemoursFrance
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14
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Chou CC, Perez DM, Johns S, Gardner R, Kerr KA, Head ML, McCullough EL, Backwell PRY. Staying cool: the importance of shade availability for tropical ectotherms. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Environmental stress shapes life-history variation in the swelled-vented frog (Feirana quadranus). Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Bredeweg EM, Morzillo AT, Thurman LL, Garcia TS. The integrative effects of behavior and morphology on amphibian movement. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1278-1288. [PMID: 30805159 PMCID: PMC6374665 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal movement and dispersal are key factors in population dynamics and support complex ecosystem processes like cross-boundary subsidies. Juvenile dispersal is an important mechanism for many species and often involves navigation in unfamiliar habitats. For species that metamorphose, such as amphibians, this transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments involves the growth and use of new morphological traits (e.g., legs). These traits strongly impact the fundamental ability of an organism to move in novel landscapes, but innate behaviors can regulate choices that result in the realized movements expressed. By assessing the integrative role of morphology and behavior, we can improve our understanding of juvenile movement, particularly in understudied organisms like amphibians. We assessed the roles of morphological (snout-vent length and relative leg length) and performance (maximal jump distance) traits in shaping the free movement paths, measured through fluorescent powder tracking, in three anuran species, Pacific treefrog (Hyliola regilla), Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas), and Cascades frog (Rana cascadae). We standardized the measurement of these traits to compare the relative role of species' innate differences versus physical traits in shaping movement. Innate differences, captured by species identity, were the most significant factor influencing movement paths via total movement distance and path sinuosity. Relative leg length was an important contributor but significantly interacted with species identity. Maximal jump performance, which was significantly predicted by morphological traits, was not an important factor in movement behavior relative to species identity. The importance of species identity and associated behavioral differences in realized movement provide evidence for inherent species differences being central to the dispersal and movement of these species. This behavior may stem from niche partitioning of these sympatric species, yet it also calls into question assumptions generalizing anuran movement behavior. These species-level effects are important in framing differences as past research is applied in management planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Bredeweg
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Anita T. Morzillo
- Department of Natural Resources & the EnvironmentUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut
| | - Lindsey L. Thurman
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyBozemanMontana
| | - Tiffany S. Garcia
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
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17
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Thermal niche conservatism in an environmental gradient in the spider Sicarius thomisoides (Araneae: Sicariidae): Implications for microhabitat selection. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:298-303. [PMID: 30509651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables for organisms, especially for ectothermic animals. In fact, ectotherms must move within a relatively narrow range of temperatures where they are able to maximize their performance. We assessed the thermal ecology of female sand spiders (Sicarius thomisoides) in Chile from separate populations along an environmental gradient and different macro habitats (coast vs. inland locations). The parameters of thermal performance curves do not vary between populations, with an average optimum temperature (T°opt) of 25.33 ± 2.65 °C, and a CT min and CT max of 6.56 ± 1.72 °C and 44.23 ± 4.92 °C, respectively. Our results show that the thermal niche in laboratory is conserved and does not vary along an environmental gradient coinciding with the temperatures selected by female spiders in their microhabitats.
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18
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Galindo C, Cruz E, Bernal M. Evaluation of the combined temperature and relative humidity preferences of the Colombian terrestrial salamander Bolitoglossa ramosi (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and humidity are critical factors for terrestrial lungless salamanders, as their body temperatures are largely determined by the environmental temperature and require moisture to sustain cutaneous respiration. Herein, we evaluated the preference of Bolitoglossa ramosi Brame and Wake, 1972 between a high temperature and a high relative humidity (RH), the influence of temperature on RH preferences, and the influence of RH on the thermal preferences. This study was performed in a field location in the municipality of Líbano, Tolima, Colombia. There, on different nights, we collected 84 adult B. ramosi and carried out the preference experiments, using aluminum troughs with different thermal and RH gradients. We found that between high temperature and high RH, B. ramosi preferred high RH. However, B. ramosi selected high temperatures when the gradient had a high RH and low temperatures when the gradient had a low RH. These results show that B. ramosi is able to thermoregulate and hydroregulate. Nevertheless, hydroregulation seems to be more important than thermoregulation because B. ramosi always selected the high RH gradients, while their thermal selection relied on the hydric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Galindo
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología y Etología, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología y Etología, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - E.X. Cruz
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología y Etología, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología y Etología, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - M.H. Bernal
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología y Etología, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología y Etología, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
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19
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Fossen EIF, Pélabon C, Einum S. An empirical test for a zone of canalization in thermal reaction norms. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:936-943. [PMID: 29701882 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical models on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity predict a zone of canalization where reaction norms cross, and genetic variation is minimized in the environment a population most frequently encounter. Empirical tests of this prediction are largely missing, in particular for life-history traits. We addressed this prediction by quantifying thermal reaction norms of three life-history traits (somatic growth rate, age and size at maturation) of a Norwegian population of Daphnia magna and testing for the occurrence of an intermediate temperature (Tm ) at which genetic variance in the traits is minimized. Size at maturation changed relatively little with temperature compared to the other traits, and there was no genetic variance in the shape of the reaction norm. Consequently, age at maturation and somatic growth rate were strongly negatively correlated. Both traits showed a strong genotype-environment interaction, and the estimated Tm was 14 °C for both age at maturation and growth rate. This value of Tm corresponds well with mean summer temperatures experienced by the population and suggests that the population has evolved under stabilizing selection in temperatures that fluctuate around this mean temperature. These results suggest local adaptation to temperature in the studied population and allow predicting evolutionary trajectories of thermal reaction norms under changing thermal regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend I F Fossen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christophe Pélabon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Performance and Movement in Relation to Postmetamorphic Body Size in a Pond-Breeding Amphibian. J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1670/17-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Bergmann PJ, Pettinelli KJ, Crockett ME, Schaper EG. It's just sand between the toes: how particle size and shape variation affect running performance and kinematics in a generalist lizard. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:3706-3716. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Animals must cope with and be able to move effectively on a variety of substrates. Substrates composed of granular media, such as sand and gravel, are extremely common in nature, and vary tremendously in particle size and shape. Despite many studies of the properties of granular media and comparisons of locomotion between granular and solid substrates, the effects of systematically manipulating these media on locomotion is poorly understood. We studied granular media ranging over four orders of magnitude in particle size, and differing in the amount of particle shape variation, to determine how these factors affected substrate physical properties and sprinting in the generalist lizard Eremias arguta. We found that media with intermediate particle sizes had high bulk densities, low angles of stability and low load-bearing capacities. Rock substrates with high shape variation had higher values for all three properties than glass bead substrates with low shape variation. We found that E. arguta had the highest maximum velocities and accelerations on intermediate size particles, and higher velocities on rock than glass beads. Lizards had higher stride frequencies and lower duty factors on intermediate particle size substrates, but their stride lengths did not change with substrate. Our findings suggest that sand and gravel may represent different locomotor challenges for animals. Sand substrates provide animals with an even surface for running, but particles shift underfoot. In contrast, gravel particles are heavy, so move far less underfoot, yet provide the animal with an uneven substrate.
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Anderson RCO, Andrade DV. Trading heat and hops for water: Dehydration effects on locomotor performance, thermal limits, and thermoregulatory behavior of a terrestrial toad. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9066-9075. [PMID: 29152198 PMCID: PMC5677477 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their highly permeable skin and ectothermy, terrestrial amphibians are challenged by compromises between water balance and body temperature regulation. The way in which such compromises are accommodated, under a range of temperatures and dehydration levels, impacts importantly the behavior and ecology of amphibians. Thus, using the terrestrial toad Rhinella schneideri as a model organism, the goals of this study were twofold. First, we determined how the thermal sensitivity of a centrally relevant trait-locomotion-was affected by dehydration. Secondly, we examined the effects of the same levels of dehydration on thermal preference and thermal tolerance. As dehydration becomes more severe, the optimal temperature for locomotor performance was lowered and performance breadth narrower. Similarly, dehydration was accompanied by a decrease in the thermal tolerance range. Such a decrease was caused by both an increase in the critical minimal temperature and a decrease in the thermal maximal temperature, with the latter changing more markedly. In general, our results show that the negative effects of dehydration on behavioral performance and thermal tolerance are, at least partially, counteracted by concurrent adjustments in thermal preference. We discuss some of the potential implications of this observation for the conservation of anuran amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo C O Anderson
- Departamento de ZoologiaInstituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro São Paulo Brasil
| | - Denis V Andrade
- Departamento de ZoologiaInstituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro São Paulo Brasil
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23
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Kosmala G, Christian K, Brown G, Shine R. Locomotor performance of cane toads differs between native-range and invasive populations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170517. [PMID: 28791174 PMCID: PMC5541569 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species provide a robust opportunity to evaluate how animals deal with novel environmental challenges. Shifts in locomotor performance-and thus the ability to disperse-(and especially, the degree to which it is constrained by thermal and hydric extremes) are of special importance, because they might affect the rate that an invader can spread. We studied cane toads (Rhinella marina) across a broad geographical range: two populations within the species' native range in Brazil, two invasive populations on the island of Hawai'i and eight invasive populations encompassing the eastern, western and southern limits of the toad invasion in Australia. A toad's locomotor performance on a circular raceway was strongly affected by both its temperature and its hydration state, but the nature and magnitude of those constraints differed across populations. In their native range, cane toads exhibited relatively low performance (even under optimal test conditions) and a rapid decrease in performance at lower temperatures and hydration levels. At the other extreme, performance was high in toads from southern Australia, and virtually unaffected by desiccation. Hawai'ian toads broadly resembled their Brazilian conspecifics, plausibly reflecting similar climatic conditions. The invasion of Australia has been accompanied by a dramatic enhancement in the toads' locomotor abilities, and (in some populations) by an ability to maintain locomotor performance even when the animal is cold and/or dehydrated. The geographical divergences in performance among cane toad populations graphically attest to the adaptability of invasive species in the face of novel abiotic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kosmala
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Keith Christian
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Gregory Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Reich HG, Robertson DL, Goodbody-Gringley G. Do the shuffle: Changes in Symbiodinium consortia throughout juvenile coral development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171768. [PMID: 28182684 PMCID: PMC5300206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of symbiotic associations between scleractinians corals and Symbiodinium have demonstrated that the consortium of symbionts can change in response to environmental conditions. However, less is known about symbiont shuffling during early coral development, particularly in brooding species. This study examined whether Symbiodinium consortia (1) varied in Porites astreoides on shallow (10m) and upper mesophotic (30m) reefs, (2) changed during coral development, and (3) influenced growth of juveniles in different environments. Symbiodinium ITS2 sequences were amplified using universal primers and analyzed using phylotype-specific primers designed for phylotypes A, B, and C. Adults from both depths were found to host only phylotype A, phylotypes A and B, or phylotypes A, B, and C and the frequency of the phylotype composition did not vary with depth. However, phylotype A was the dominant symbiont that was vertically transmitted to the planulae. The presence of phylotypes B and C was detected in the majority of juveniles when transplanted onto the shallow and upper mesophotic reefs whereas only phylotype A was detected in the majority of juveniles reared in outdoor aquaria. In addition, growth of juvenile P. astreoides harboring different combinations of Symbiodinium phylotypes did not vary when transplanted to different reef zones. However, juveniles reared in in situ reef environments grew faster than those reared in ex situ outdoor aquaria. These results show that Symbiodinium consortia change during development of P. astreoides and are influenced by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G. Reich
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Deborah L. Robertson
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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25
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Nagy LG, Riley R, Bergmann PJ, Krizsán K, Martin FM, Grigoriev IV, Cullen D, Hibbett DS. Genetic Bases of Fungal White Rot Wood Decay Predicted by Phylogenomic Analysis of Correlated Gene-Phenotype Evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 34:35-44. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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