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Nanetti E, Scicchitano D, Palladino G, Interino N, Corlatti L, Pedrotti L, Zanetti F, Pagani E, Esposito E, Brambilla A, Grignolio S, Marotti I, Turroni S, Fiori J, Rampelli S, Candela M. The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) gut microbiome, seasonal dynamics, and potential application in lignocellulose bioconversion. iScience 2024; 27:110194. [PMID: 38989465 PMCID: PMC11233967 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aiming to shed light on the biology of wild ruminants, we investigated the gut microbiome seasonal dynamics of the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) from the Central Italian Alps. Feces were collected in spring, summer, and autumn during non-invasive sampling campaigns. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, as well as targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Our findings revealed season-specific compositional and functional profiles of the ibex gut microbiome that may allow the host to adapt to seasonal changes in available forage, by fine-tuning the holobiont catabolic layout to fully exploit the available food. Besides confirming the importance of the host-associated microbiome in providing the phenotypic plasticity needed to buffer dietary changes, we obtained species-level genome bins and identified minimal gut microbiome community modules of 11-14 interacting strains as a possible microbiome-based solution for the bioconversion of lignocellulose to high-value compounds, such as volatile fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Nanetti
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Scicchitano
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Interino
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Corlatti
- Stelvio National Park, 23032 Bormio, Italy
- University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Federica Zanetti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Pagani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Esposito
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Brambilla
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich (CH), Switzerland
- Centro Studi Fauna Alpina, Parco Nazionale Gran Paradiso, Loc. Degioz 11, 11010 Valsavarenche, Aosta, Italy
| | - Stefano Grignolio
- University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032 Fano, Italy
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Galià-Camps C, Junkin L, Borrallo X, Carreras C, Pascual M, Turon X. Navigating spatio-temporal microbiome dynamics: Environmental factors and trace elements shape the symbiont community of an invasive marine species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116477. [PMID: 38759466 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of marine invasive species is a mounting concern. While the role of microbial communities in invasive ascidian species is recognized, the role of seasonal shifts in microbiome composition remains largely unexplored. We sampled five individuals of the invasive ascidian Styela plicata quarterly from January 2020 to October 2021 in two harbours, examining gills, tunics, and surrounding water. By analysing Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) and seawater trace elements, we found that compartment (seawater, tunic, or gills) was the primary differentiating factor, followed by harbour. Clear seasonal patterns were evident in seawater bacteria, less so in gills, and absent in tunics. We identified compartment-specific bacteria, as well as seasonal indicator ASVs and ASVs correlated with trace element concentrations. Among these bacteria, we found that Endozoicomonas, Hepatoplasma and Rhodobacteraceae species had reported functions which might be necessary for overcoming seasonality and trace element shifts. This study contributes to understanding microbiome dynamics in invasive holobiont systems, and the patterns found indicate a potential role in adaptation and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Galià-Camps
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Marine Ecology, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Spain.
| | - Liam Junkin
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Borrallo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Carreras
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Pascual
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Turon
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Spain.
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Marsh KJ, Bearhop S, Harrison XA. Linking microbiome temporal dynamics to host ecology in the wild. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00132-X. [PMID: 38797653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ignoring the dynamic nature of microbial communities risks underestimating the power of microbes to impact the health of their hosts. Microbiomes are thought to be important for host fitness, yet the coarse temporal scale and population-level focus of many studies precludes the ability to investigate the importance of among-individual variation in stability and identify the ecological contexts in which this variation matters. Here we briefly summarise current knowledge of temporal dynamics in wild host-associated microbial communities. We then discuss the implications of among-individual variation in microbiota stability and suggest analytical approaches for understanding these patterns. One major requirement is for future studies to conduct individual-level longitudinal analyses, with some systems already well set up for answering these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty J Marsh
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK.
| | - Stuart Bearhop
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - Xavier A Harrison
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK.
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4
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Becklin KM, Betancourt JL, Braasch J, Dézerald O, Díaz FP, González AL, Harbert R, Holmgren CA, Hornsby AD, Latorre C, Matocq MD, Smith FA. New uses for ancient middens: bridging ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:479-493. [PMID: 38553315 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Rodent middens provide a fine-scale spatiotemporal record of plant and animal communities over the late Quaternary. In the Americas, middens have offered insight into biotic responses to past environmental changes and historical factors influencing the distribution and diversity of species. However, few studies have used middens to investigate genetic or ecosystem level responses. Integrating midden studies with neoecology and experimental evolution can help address these gaps and test mechanisms underlying eco-evolutionary patterns across biological and spatiotemporal scales. Fully realizing the potential of middens to answer cross-cutting ecological and evolutionary questions and inform conservation goals in the Anthropocene will require a collaborative research community to exploit existing midden archives and mount new campaigns to leverage midden records globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Becklin
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Julio L Betancourt
- US Geological Survey, Science and Decisions Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Joseph Braasch
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Olivier Dézerald
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro, IFREMER, Rennes, France
| | - Francisca P Díaz
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Applied Historical Ecology for Arid Forests (AFOREST), Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica L González
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Robert Harbert
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Camille A Holmgren
- Department of Geosciences, SUNY Buffalo State University, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA
| | - Angela D Hornsby
- Philip L. Wright Zoological Museum, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Claudio Latorre
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile; Centro UC Desierto de Atacama, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Ecology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie D Matocq
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Felisa A Smith
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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5
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Bhalla D, Dinesh S, Sharma S, Sathisha GJ. Gut-Brain Axis Modulation of Metabolic Disorders: Exploring the Intertwined Neurohumoral Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:847-871. [PMID: 38244132 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
A significant rise in metabolic disorders, frequently brought on by lifestyle choices, is alarming. A wide range of preliminary studies indicates the significance of the gut-brain axis, which regulates bidirectional signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the cognitive system, and is crucial for regulating host metabolism and cognition. Intimate connections between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract provide a network of neurohumoral transmission that can transmit in both directions. The gut-brain axis successfully establishes that the wellness of the brain is always correlated with the extent to which the gut operates. Research on the gut-brain axis has historically concentrated on how psychological health affects how well the gastrointestinal system works. The latest studies, however, revealed that the gut microbiota interacts with the brain via the gut-brain axis to control phenotypic changes in the brain and in behavior. This study addresses the significance of the gut microbiota, the role of the gut-brain axis in management of various metabolic disorders, the hormonal and neural signaling pathways and the therapeutic treatments available. Its objective is to establish the significance of the gut-brain axis in metabolic disorders accurately and examine the link between the two while evaluating the therapeutic strategies to be incorporated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Bhalla
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Science, Bangalore, 560048, India
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bangalore, 560043, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bangalore, 560043, India.
| | - Gonchigar Jayanna Sathisha
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, 577451, India
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6
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Kumar A, Sivamaruthi BS, Dey S, Kumar Y, Malviya R, Prajapati BG, Chaiyasut C. Probiotics as modulators of gut-brain axis for cognitive development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1348297. [PMID: 38444940 PMCID: PMC10912297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1348297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Various microbial communities reside in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and play an important role in immunity, digestion, drug metabolism, intestinal integrity, and protection from pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota (GM) is involved in communication with the brain, through a bidirectional communication network known as the gut-brain axis. This communication involves humoral, immunological, endocrine, and neural pathways. Gut dysbiosis negatively impacts these communication pathways, leading to neurological complications and cognitive deficits. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotics can restore healthy GM, reduce intestinal pH, and reduce inflammation and pathogenic microbes in the gut. Additionally, probiotics improve cell-to-cell signaling and increase blood-brain-derived neurotrophic factors. Probiotics emerge as a potential approach for preventing and managing neurological complications and cognitive deficits. Despite these promising findings, the safety concerns and possible risks of probiotic usage must be closely monitored and addressed. This review article provides a brief overview of the role and significance of probiotics in cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, SRM University, Sonipat, Delhi, India
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Swarnima Dey
- Department of Food Technology, SRM University, Sonipat, Delhi, India
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, SRM University, Sonipat, Delhi, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Paramedical and Allied Sciences, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, India
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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7
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Soh M, Tay YC, Lee CS, Low A, Orban L, Jaafar Z, Seedorf H. The intestinal digesta microbiota of tropical marine fish is largely uncultured and distinct from surrounding water microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:11. [PMID: 38374184 PMCID: PMC10876542 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the gut microbes of marine fishes is an important part of conservation as many fish species are increasingly threatened by extinction. The gut microbiota of only a small fraction of the more than 32,000 known fish species has been investigated. In this study we analysed the intestinal digesta microbiota composition of more than 50 different wild fish species from tropical waters. Our results show that the fish harbour intestinal digesta microbiota that are distinct from that of the surrounding water and that location, domestication status, and host intrinsic factors are strongly associated with the microbiota composition. Furthermore, we show that the vast majority (~97%) of the fish-associated microorganisms do not have any cultured representative. Considering the impact of the microbiota on host health and physiology, these findings underpin the call to also preserve the microbiota of host species, especially those that may be exposed to habitat destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Soh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Ywee Chieh Tay
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Co Sin Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Adrian Low
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD6-Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Laszlo Orban
- Frontline Fish Genomics Research Group, Department of Applied Fish Biology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, 8360, Hungary
| | - Zeehan Jaafar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Henning Seedorf
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
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Wu Y, Xiong Y, Ji Y, Cheng Y, Zhu Q, Jiao X, Chang Y, Zhao N, Yang J, Lei F, Song G. Metabolic and microbial changes in light-vented bulbul during recent northward range expansion. Curr Zool 2024; 70:24-33. [PMID: 38476130 PMCID: PMC10926257 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endotherms recently expanding to cold environments generally exhibit strong physiological acclimation to sustain high body temperature. During this process, gut microbes likely play a considerable role in host physiological functions, including digestion and thermogenesis. The light-vented bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis represents one such species. It used to be restricted to the Oriental realm but expanded its distribution range north to the Palearctic areas during the past few decades. Here, we explored the seasonal dynamics of the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and microbiota for local and newly colonized populations of the species. Our results showed that the mass-adjusted RMR and body mass were positively correlated with latitude variations in both seasons. Consistently, the gut microbiota showed a corresponding variation to the northern cold environments. In the two northern populations, the alpha diversity decreased compared with those of the two southern populations. Significant differences were detected in dominant phyla, such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Desulfobacterota in both seasons. The core microbiota showed geographic differences in the winter, including the elevated relative abundance of 5 species in northern populations. Finally, to explore the link between microbial communities and host metabolic thermogenesis, we conducted a correlation analysis between microbiota and mass-adjusted RMR. We found that more genera were significantly correlated with mass-adjusted RMR in the wintering season compared to the breeding season (71 vs. 23). These results suggest that microbiota of the lighted-vented bulbul linked with thermogenesis in diversity and abundance under northward expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Zoology, College of Life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625099, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongbin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Bird-Related Outage, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian 710021, China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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9
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Yang H, Zhong J, Leng X, Wu J, Cheng P, Shen L, Wu J, Li P, Du H. Effectiveness assessment of using water environmental microHI to predict the health status of wild fish. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1293342. [PMID: 38274749 PMCID: PMC10808811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1293342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquatic wildlife health assessment is critically important for aquatic wildlife conservation. However, the health assessment of aquatic wildlife (especially aquatic wild animals) is difficult and often accompanied by invasive survey activities and delayed observability. As there is growing evidence that aquatic environmental microbiota could impact the health status of aquatic animals by influencing their symbiotic microbiota, we propose a non-invasive method to monitor the health status of wild aquatic animals using the environmental microbiota health index (microHI). However, it is unknown whether this method is effective for different ecotype groups of aquatic wild animals. To answer this question, we took a case study in the middle Yangtze River and studied the water environmental microbiota and fish gut microbiota at the fish community level, population level, and ecotype level. The results showed that the gut microHI of the healthy group was higher than that of the unhealthy group at the community and population levels, and the overall gut microHI was positively correlated with the water environmental microHI, whereas the baseline gut microHI was species-specific. Integrating these variations in four ecotype groups (filter-feeding, scraper-feeding, omnivorous, and carnivorous), only the gut microHI of the carnivorous group positively correlated with water environmental microHI. Alcaligenaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Achromobacter were the most abundant groups with health-negative-impacting phenotypes, had high positive correlations between gut sample group and environment sample group, and had significantly higher abundance in unhealthy groups than in healthy groups of carnivorous, filter-feeding, and scraper-feeding ecotypes. Therefore, using water environmental microHI to indicate the health status of wild fish is effective at the community level, is effective just for carnivorous fish at the ecotype level. In the middle Yangtze River, Alcaligenaceae, Enterobacteriaceae (family level), and Achromobacter (genus level) were the key water environmental microbial groups that potentially impacted wild fish health status. Of course, more data and research that test the current hypothesis and conclusion are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Biswas S, Foysal MJ, Mannan A, Sharifuzzaman SM, Tanzina AY, Tanni AA, Sharmen F, Hossain MM, Chowdhury MSN, Tay ACY, Islam SMR. Microbiome pattern and diversity of an anadromous fish, hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:38. [PMID: 38158480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The host-microbe interactions are complex, dynamic and context-dependent. In this regard, migratory fish species like hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha), which migrates from seawater to freshwater for spawning, provides a unique system for investigating the microbiome under an additional change in fish's habitat. This work was undertaken to detect taxonomic variation of microbiome and their function in the migration of hilsa. METHODS AND RESULTS The study employed 16S rRNA amplicon-based metagenomic analysis to scrutinize bacterial diversity in hilsa gut, skin mucus and water. Thus, a total of 284 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 9 phyla, 35 orders and 121 genera were identified in all samples. More than 60% of the identified bacteria were Proteobacteria with modest abundance (> 5%) of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Leucobacter in gut and Serratia in skin mucus were the core bacterial genera, while Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter exhibited differential compositions in gut, skin mucus and water. CONCLUSIONS Representative fresh-, brackish- and seawater samples of hilsa habitats were primarily composed of Vibrio, Serratia and Psychrobacter, and their diversity in seawater was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than freshwater. Overall, salinity and water microbiota had an influence on the microbial composition of hilsa shad, contributing to host metabolism and adaptation processes. This pioneer exploration of hilsa gut and skin mucus bacteria across habitats will advance our insights into microbiome assembly in migratory fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Next-generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology (dBme) Research Group, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Adnan Mannan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Next-generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology (dBme) Research Group, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - S M Sharifuzzaman
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Yeasmin Tanzina
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Next-generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology (dBme) Research Group, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Akter Tanni
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Next-generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology (dBme) Research Group, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Sharmen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Next-generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology (dBme) Research Group, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mobarok Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Next-generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology (dBme) Research Group, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Alfred Chin-Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S M Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
- Next-generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology (dBme) Research Group, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
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11
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Zhou M, Chen S, Chen Y, Wang C, Chen C. Causal associations between gut microbiota and regional cortical structure: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1296145. [PMID: 38196849 PMCID: PMC10774226 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1296145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Observational studies have reported associations between gut microbiota composition and central nervous system diseases. However, the potential causal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effects of gut microbiota on cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (TH) in the brain. Methods We used genome-wide association study summary statistics of gut microbiota abundance in 18,340 individuals from the MiBioGen Consortium to identify genetic instruments for 196 gut microbial taxa. We then analyzed data from 56,761 individuals from the ENIGMA Consortium to examine associations of genetically predicted gut microbiota with alterations in cortical SA and TH globally and across 34 functional brain regions. Inverse-variance weighted analysis was used as the primary MR method, with MR Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results At the functional region level, genetically predicted higher abundance of class Mollicutes was associated with greater SA of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (β = 8.39 mm2, 95% CI: 3.08-13.70 mm2, p = 0.002), as was higher abundance of phylum Tenericutes (β = 8.39 mm2, 95% CI: 3.08-13.70 mm2, p = 0.002). Additionally, higher abundance of phylum Tenericutes was associated with greater SA of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (β = 10.51 mm2, 95% CI: 3.24-17.79 mm2, p = 0.0046). No evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected. Conclusion Specific gut microbiota may causally influence cortical structure in brain regions involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. The findings provide evidence for a gut-brain axis influencing cortical development, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Wu Y, Peng L, Feng P, Han R, Khan A, Kulshreshtha S, Ling Z, Liu P, Li X. Gut microbes consume host energy and reciprocally provide beneficial factors to sustain a symbiotic relationship with the host. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166773. [PMID: 37689204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbes thrive by utilizing host energy and, in return, provide valuable benefits, akin to the symbiotic relationship. To study the mutualistic association between the gut microbiota and host, a range of gut microbe populations (85 %, 66 %, 45 % and 38 % at the normal level) with comparable structures were constructed in broiler model. The results revealed that reductions in gut microbial population led to decreased energy consumption, resulting in increased host weight (10.26 %, 30.88 %, 17.65 % and - 12.77 %, respectively). Fecal metabolome revealed that among 85 % and 66 % of the normal population level, the gut microbes downregulated the immune-associated pathways of tryptophan metabolism and catecholamine biosynthesis, while the level of fatty acid oxidation was upregulated at 45 %. In the host, the concentration of gut microbes contributed to regulate functions related to lipid biosynthesis (from glycerophosphoserines to glycerophosphoethanolamines (9.63 %, 12.20 %, 6.66 % and 47.75 %) and glycerophosphocholines (10.78 %, 36.51 %, 2.00 % and 87.11 %)) and inflammation responses (methionine and betaine metabolism). From 85 % to 45 % of gut microbes, broiler showed an inhibited immunity (thymus gland, spleen, SIgG and IgA) and increased low-level inflammation response (ALT and T-SOD). However, at 38 %, the immune indexes exhibited an increase (thymus gland, spleen, SIgG, and IgA increased by 8.67 %, 8.50 %, 20.87 %, and 29.43 %, respectively), indicating the host lipid accumulation and inflammation response were negatively correlated with the immune reaction. Collectively, the gut microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host through the secretion of beneficial substances to interact with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rong Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aman Khan
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sourabh Kulshreshtha
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Zhenmin Ling
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Hyde J, Brackney DE, Steven B. Three species of axenic mosquito larvae recruit a shared core of bacteria in a common garden experiment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0077823. [PMID: 37681948 PMCID: PMC10537770 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00778-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the generation of two new species of axenic mosquito, Aedes albopictus and Aedes triseriatus. Along with Aedes aegypti, axenic larvae of these three species were exposed to an environmental water source to document the assembly of the microbiome in a common garden experiment. Additionally, the larvae were reared either individually or combinatorially with the other species to characterize the effects of co-rearing on the composition of the microbiome. We found that the microbiome of the larvae was composed of a relatively low-diversity collection of bacteria from the colonizing water. The abundance of bacteria in the water was a poor predictor of their abundance in the larvae, suggesting the larval microbiome is made up of a subset of relatively rare aquatic bacteria. We found 11 bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were conserved among ≥90% of the mosquitoes sampled, including 2 found in 100% of the larvae, pointing to a conserved core of bacteria capable of colonizing all three species of mosquito. Yet, the abundance of these ASVs varied widely between larvae, suggesting individuals harbored largely unique microbiome structures, even if they overlapped in membership. Finally, larvae reared in a tripartite mix of the host-species consistently showed a convergence in the structure of their microbiome, indicating that multi-species interactions between hosts potentially lead to shifts in the composition of their respective microbiomes. IMPORTANCE This study is the first report of the axenic (free of external microbes) rearing of two species of mosquito, Aedes albopictus and Aedes triseriatus. Our previous report of axenic Aedes aegypti brings the number of axenic species to three. We designed a method to perform a common garden experiment to characterize the bacteria the three species of axenic larvae assemble from their surroundings. Furthermore, species could be reared in isolation or in multi-species combinations to assess how host-species interactions influence the composition of the microbiome. We found all three species recruited a common core of bacteria from their rearing water, with a large contingent of rare and sporadically detected bacteria. Finally, we also show that co-rearing of mosquito larvae leads to a coalescence in the composition of their microbiome, indicating that host-species interactions potentially influence the composition of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Hyde
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Doug E. Brackney
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Blaire Steven
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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14
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Zhang W, Jia T, Zhang H, Zhu W. Effects of high-fiber food on gut microbiology and energy metabolism in Eothenomys miletus at different altitudes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264109. [PMID: 37727288 PMCID: PMC10505965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microorganisms assist the host in digesting complex and difficultly decomposed foods; expand the host's dietary ecological niche. In order to investigate the effect of high-fiber food on intestinal microorganisms of Eothenomys miletus at different altitudes, exploring the regional differences of intestinal microorganisms and their roles in body mass regulation, we collected E. miletus from Dali (DL) and Xianggelila (XGLL), which were divided into control group, high-fiber group fed with high-fiber diet for 7 days, and refeeding group fed with standard diet for 14 days after high-fiber diet. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology combined with physiological methods, we analyzed the gut microbial diversity, abundance, community structure and related physiological indicators of each group, and explored the effects of high-fiber foods and regions on the diversity, structure of gut microorganisms and physiological indicators. The results showed that high-fiber food affected the food intake and metabolic rate of E. miletus, which also showed regional differences. The intestinal microorganisms of E. miletus obtained energy through the enrichment of fiber degrading bacteria under the condition of high-fiber food, while producing short-chain fatty acids, which participated in processes such as energy metabolism or immune regulation. Moreover, it also affected the colonization of intestinal microorganisms. High-fiber food promoted the enrichment of probiotics in the intestinal microbiota of E. miletus, but pathogenic bacteria also appeared. Therefore, the changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in E. miletus provided important guarantees for their adaptation to high fiber food environments in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy Ministry of Education, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for Biomass Energy and Environment Biotechnology, Kunming, China
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15
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Kapsetaki SE, Basile AJ, Compton ZT, Rupp SM, Duke EG, Boddy AM, Harrison TM, Sweazea KL, Maley CC. The relationship between diet, plasma glucose, and cancer prevalence across vertebrates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551378. [PMID: 37577544 PMCID: PMC10418110 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Could diet and mean plasma glucose concentration (MPGluC) explain the variation in cancer prevalence across species? We collected diet, MPGluC, and neoplasia data for 160 vertebrate species from existing databases. We found that MPGluC negatively correlates with cancer and neoplasia prevalence, mostly of gastrointestinal organs. Trophic level positively correlates with cancer and neoplasia prevalence even after controlling for species MPGluC. Most species with high MPGluC (50/78 species = 64.1%) were birds. Most species in high trophic levels (42/53 species = 79.2%) were reptiles and mammals. Our results may be explained by the evolution of insulin resistance in birds which selected for loss or downregulation of genes related to insulin-mediated glucose import in cells. This led to higher MPGluC, intracellular caloric restriction, production of fewer reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines, and longer telomeres contributing to longer longevity and lower neoplasia prevalence in extant birds relative to other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania E Kapsetaki
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Tufts University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Anthony J Basile
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, 427 East Tyler Mall, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Zachary T Compton
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shawn M Rupp
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Duke
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607 USA
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607 USA
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tara M Harrison
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607 USA
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607 USA
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Carlo C Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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16
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Hyams Y, Rubin-Blum M, Rosner A, Brodsky L, Rinkevich Y, Rinkevich B. Physiological changes during torpor favor association with Endozoicomonas endosymbionts in the urochordate Botrylloides leachii. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1072053. [PMID: 37323901 PMCID: PMC10264598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1072053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental perturbations evoke down-regulation of metabolism in some multicellular organisms, leading to dormancy, or torpor. Colonies of the urochordate Botrylloides leachii enter torpor in response to changes in seawater temperature and may survive for months as small vasculature remnants that lack feeding and reproductive organs but possess torpor-specific microbiota. Upon returning to milder conditions, the colonies rapidly restore their original morphology, cytology and functionality while harboring re-occurring microbiota, a phenomenon that has not been described in detail to date. Here we investigated the stability of B. leachii microbiome and its functionality in active and dormant colonies, using microscopy, qPCR, in situ hybridization, genomics and transcriptomics. A novel lineage of Endozoicomonas, proposed here as Candidatus Endozoicomonas endoleachii, was dominant in torpor animals (53-79% read abundance), and potentially occupied specific hemocytes found only in torpid animals. Functional analysis of the metagenome-assembled genome and genome-targeted transcriptomics revealed that Endozoicomonas can use various cellular substrates, like amino acids and sugars, potentially producing biotin and thiamine, but also expressing various features involved in autocatalytic symbiosis. Our study suggests that the microbiome can be linked to the metabolic and physiological states of the host, B. leachii, introducing a model organism for the study of symbioses during drastic physiological changes, such as torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Hyams
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leonid Brodsky
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
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17
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Chai Y, Huang Z, Shen X, Lin T, Zhang Y, Feng X, Mao Q, Liang Y. Microbiota Regulates Pancreatic Cancer Carcinogenesis through Altered Immune Response. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1240. [PMID: 37317214 PMCID: PMC10221276 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota is present in many parts of the human body and plays essential roles. The most typical case is the occurrence and development of cancer. Pancreatic cancer (PC), one of the most aggressive and lethal types of cancer, has recently attracted the attention of researchers. Recent research has revealed that the microbiota regulates PC carcinogenesis via an altered immune response. Specifically, the microbiota, in several sites, including the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreatic tissue, along with the numerous small molecules and metabolites it produces, influences cancer progression and treatment by activating oncogenic signaling, enhancing oncogenic metabolic pathways, altering cancer cell proliferation, and triggering chronic inflammation that suppresses tumor immunity. Diagnostics and treatments based on or in combination with the microbiota offer novel insights to improve efficiency compared with existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhengze Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xuqiu Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Tianyu Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Qijiang Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310028, China
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18
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Corduneanu A, Wu-Chuang A, Maitre A, Obregon D, Sándor AD, Cabezas-Cruz A. Structural differences in the gut microbiome of bats using terrestrial vs. aquatic feeding resources. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:93. [PMID: 37005589 PMCID: PMC10067309 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bat gut microbiomes are adapted to the specific diets of their hosts. Despite diet variation has been associated with differences in bat microbiome diversity, the influence of diet on microbial community assembly have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we used available data on bat gut microbiome to characterize the microbial community assembly of five selected bat species (i.e., Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis myotis, Myotis pilosus, and Myotis vivesi), using network analysis. These bat species with contrasting habitat and food preferences (i.e., My. capaccinii and My. pilosus can be piscivorous and/or insectivorous; Mi. schreibersii and My. myotis are exclusively insectivorous; while My. vivesi is a marine predator) offer an invaluable opportunity to test the impact of diet on bat gut microbiome assembly. The results showed that My. myotis showed the most complex network, with the highest number of nodes, while My. vivesi has the least complex structured microbiome, with lowest number of nodes in its network. No common nodes were observed in the networks of the five bat species, with My. myotis possessing the highest number of unique nodes. Only three bat species, My. myotis, My. pilosus and My. vivesi, presented a core microbiome and the distribution of local centrality measures of nodes was different in the five networks. Taxa removal followed by measurement of network connectivity revealed that My. myotis had the most robust network, while the network of My. vivesi presented the lowest tolerance to taxa removal. Prediction of metabolic pathways using PICRUSt2 revealed that Mi. schreibersii had significantly higher functional pathway's richness compared to the other bat species. Most of predicted pathways (82%, total 435) were shared between all bat species, while My. capaccinii, My. myotis and My. vivesi, but no Mi. schreibersii or My. pilosus, showed specific pathways. We concluded that despite similar feeding habits, microbial community assembly can differ between bat species. Other factors beyond diet may play a major role in bat microbial community assembly, with host ecology, sociality and overlap in roosts likely providing additional predictors governing gut microbiome of insectivorous bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Corduneanu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Animal Production, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Apolline Maitre
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- INRAE, UR 0045 Laboratoire de Recherches Sur Le Développement de L'Elevage (SELMET-LRDE), 20250, Corte, France
- EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Dasiel Obregon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Attila D Sándor
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ÁTE Climate Change: New Blood-Sucking Parasites and Vector-Borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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19
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Wang T, Liu L, Deng J, Jiang Y, Yan X, Liu W. Analysis of the mechanism of action of quercetin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia based on metabolomics and intestinal flora. Food Funct 2023; 14:2112-2127. [PMID: 36740912 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is one of the main factors leading to cardiovascular diseases. Quercetin (QUE) is a naturally occurring polyhydroxy flavonoid compound that has a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, the potential mechanism for treating HLP remains unclear. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the role of QUE in HLP development and its underlying mechanisms in HLP rats based on the analysis of gut microbiota and plasma metabolomics. Following the establishment of an HLP model in rats, QUE was orally administered. Plasma samples and fecal samples were collected from HLP rats for microbiome 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolic UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS analysis. The results suggested that QUE could regulate dyslipidemia and inhibit the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-c. Additionally, histopathological findings revealed that QUE could reduce lipid deposition, ameliorate hepatic injury and steatosis in HFD-induced rats, and have a protective effect on the liver. The analysis and identification of plasma metabolomics showed that the intervention effect of QUE on HLP rats was related to 60 differential metabolites and signal pathways such as lactosamine, 11b-hydroxyprogesterone, arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, glycerolipid, and linoleic acid metabolism. Combined with fecal microbiological analysis, it was found that QUE could significantly change the composition of intestinal flora in HLP rats, increase beneficial bacteria, and reduce the composition of harmful bacteria, attenuating the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The results of correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance level of Firmicutes, Deironobacterium, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Escherichia coli was closely related to the change of differential metabolites. In summary, combined with metabolomics and gut microbiota studies, it is found that QUE can reduce lipid levels and improve liver function. The potential mechanism may be the regulation of metabolism and intestinal flora that play a role in reducing lipid levels, to achieve the purpose of treatment of HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, P. R. China.
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Baldo L, Tavecchia G, Rotger A, Igual JM, Riera JL. Insular holobionts: persistence and seasonal plasticity of the Balearic wall lizard ( Podarcis lilfordi) gut microbiota. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14511. [PMID: 36620745 PMCID: PMC9817956 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Integrative studies of animals and associated microbial assemblages (i.e., the holobiont) are rapidly changing our perspectives on organismal ecology and evolution. Insular vertebrates provide ideal natural systems to understand patterns of host-gut microbiota coevolution, the resilience and plasticity these microbial communities over temporal and spatial scales, and ultimately their role in the host ecological adaptation. Methods Here we used the endemic Balearic wall lizard Podarcis lilfordi to dissect the drivers of the microbial diversity within and across host allopatric populations/islets. By focusing on three extensively studied populations/islets of Mallorca (Spain) and fecal sampling from individually identified lizards along two years (both in spring and autumn), we sorted out the effect of islet, sex, life stage, year and season on the microbiota composition. We further related microbiota diversity to host genetics, trophic ecology and expected annual metabolic changes. Results All the three populations showed a remarkable conservation of the major microbial taxonomic profile, while carrying their unique microbial signature at finer level of taxonomic resolution (Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs)). Microbiota distances across populations were compatible with both host genetics (based on microsatellites) and trophic niche distances (based on stable isotopes and fecal content). Within populations, a large proportion of ASVs (30-50%) were recurrently found along the four sampling dates. The microbial diversity was strongly marked by seasonality, with no sex effect and a marginal life stage and annual effect. The microbiota showed seasonal fluctuations along the two sampled years, primarily due to changes in the relative abundances of fermentative bacteria (mostly families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae), without any major compositional turnover. Conclusions These results support a large resilience of the major compositional aspects of the P. lilfordi gut microbiota over the short-term evolutionary divergence of their host allopatric populations (<10,000 years), but also indicate an undergoing process of parallel diversification of the both host and associated gut microbes. Predictable seasonal dynamics in microbiota diversity suggests a role of microbiota plasticity in the lizards' metabolic adaptation to their resource-constrained insular environments. Overall, our study supports the need for longitudinal and integrative studies of host and associated microbes in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baldo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institute for Research on Biodiversity (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giacomo Tavecchia
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit, IMEDEA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Esporles, Spain
| | - Andreu Rotger
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit, IMEDEA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Esporles, Spain
| | - José Manuel Igual
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit, IMEDEA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Esporles, Spain
| | - Joan Lluís Riera
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Ma Y, Yang X, Hua G, Deng X, Xia T, Li X, Feng D, Deng X. Contribution of gut microbiomes and their metabolomes to the performance of Dorper and Tan sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1047744. [PMID: 36519177 PMCID: PMC9742522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1047744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Livestock is an excellent source of high nutritional value protein for humans; breeding livestock is focused on improving meat productivity and quality. Dorper sheep is a distinguished breed with an excellent growth performance, while Tan sheep is a Chinese local breed famous for its delicious meat. Several studies have demonstrated that the composition of gut microbiome and metabolome modulate host phenotype. METHODS In the present study, we performed 16S amplicon sequencing and metabolomic analyses of the rumen and hindgut microbiome of 8-month-old Dorper and Tan sheep, raised under identical feeding and management conditions, to explore the potential effects of gut microbiome and its metabolites on growth performance and meat quality. RESULTS Our study identified Lactobacillus, a marker genus in the rumen, to be significantly associated with the levels of fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, and 2-deoxyadenosine (P-value < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that nicotinic acid was significantly negatively correlated with body weight (P-value < 0.01), while 2-deoxyadenosine was significantly positively correlated with fatty acids content (P-value < 0.05). There was a biologically significant negative correlation between Phascolarctobacterium and deoxycytidine levels in the hindgut. Deoxycytidine was significantly positively correlated with body weight, protein, and amino acid content. Differences in rumen fermentation patterns that are distinctive among breeds were identified. Tan sheep mainly used Lactobacillus and fumaric acid-mediated pyruvic acid for energy supply, while Dorper sheep utilize glycogenic amino acids. The difference of iron metabolism in the hindgut of Dorper sheep affects lipid production, while Phascolarctobacterium in Tan sheep is related to roughage tolerance. The accumulation of nucleosides promotes the growth performance of Dorper sheep. CONCLUSION These findings provide insights into how the microbiome-metabolome-dependent mechanisms contribute to growth rate and fat contents in different breeds. This fundamental research is vital to identifying the dominant traits of breeds, improving growth rate and meat quality, and establishing principles for precision feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- Department of Animal Science and College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dengzhen Feng
- Department of Animal Science and College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Thie N, Corl A, Turjeman S, Efrat R, Kamath PL, Getz WM, Bowie RCK, Nathan R. Linking migration and microbiota at a major stopover site in a long-distance avian migrant. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2022; 10:46. [PMID: 36345043 PMCID: PMC9641824 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Migration is one of the most physical and energetically demanding periods in an individual bird's life. The composition of the bird's gut or cloacal microbiota can temporarily change during migration, likely due to differences in diets, habitats and other environmental conditions experienced en route. However, how physiological condition, migratory patterns, and other drivers interact to affect microbiota composition of migratory birds is still unclear. We sampled the cloacal bacterial microbiota of a long-distance migrant, the steppe buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus), at an important spring stopover bottleneck in Eilat, Israel, after crossing the ca. 1800 km Sahara Desert. We examined whether diversity and composition of the cloacal microbiota varied with body condition, sex, movement patterns (i.e., arrival time and migration distance), and survival. Early arrival to Eilat was associated with better body condition, longer post-Eilat spring migration distance, higher microbial α-diversity, and differences in microbiota composition. Specifically, early arrivals had higher abundance of the phylum Synergistota and five genera, including Jonquetella and Peptococcus, whereas the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Escherichia-Shigella (as well as three other genera) were more abundant in later arrivals. While the differences in α-diversity and Escherichia-Shigella seem to be mainly driven by body condition, other compositional differences associated with arrival date could be indicators of longer migratory journeys (e.g., pre-fueling at wintering grounds or stopover habitats along the way) or migratory performance. No significant differences were found between the microbiota of surviving and non-surviving individuals. Overall, our results indicate that variation in steppe buzzard microbiota is linked to variation in migratory patterns (i.e., capture/arrival date) and body condition, highlighting the importance of sampling the microbiota of GPS-tracked individuals on multiple occasions along their migration routes to gain a more detailed understanding of the links between migration, microbiota, and health in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Thie
- Movement Ecology Lab, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ammon Corl
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Movement Ecology Lab, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ron Efrat
- Movement Ecology Lab, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Pauline L Kamath
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Wayne M Getz
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Lab, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Ringø E, Harikrishnan R, Soltani M, Ghosh K. The Effect of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics on Metabolism in Fish and Shrimp. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3016. [PMID: 36359140 PMCID: PMC9655696 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper presents an overview of the effects of gut microbiota and probiotics on lipid-, carbohydrate-, protein- and amino acid metabolism in fish and shrimp. In probiotic fish studies, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model is the most frequently used, and probiotic administration reveals the effect on glucose homeostasis, anti-lipidemic effects and increasing short-chain fatty acids, and increased expressions of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and innate immunity, along with down-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes. Further, improved length of the intestinal villi and expression of nutrient transporters in fish owing to probiotics exposure have been documented. The present review will present an appraisal of the effect of intestinal microbiota and probiotic administration on the metabolism of nutrients and metabolites related to stress and immunity in diverse fish- and shrimp species. Furthermore, to give the reader satisfactory information on the topics discussed, some information from endothermic animals is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, University of Madras, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
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Kaur H, Ali SA, Yan F. Interactions between the gut microbiota-derived functional factors and intestinal epithelial cells - implication in the microbiota-host mutualism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006081. [PMID: 36159834 PMCID: PMC9492984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutual interactions between the gut microbiota and the host play essential roles in maintaining human health and providing a nutrient-rich environment for the gut microbial community. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) provide the frontline responses to the gut microbiota for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to commensal bacterium-derived components as functional factors for the action of commensal bacteria, including protecting intestinal integrity and mitigating susceptibility of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, IECs have been found to communicate with the gut commensal bacteria to shape the composition and function of the microbial community. This review will discuss the current understanding of the beneficial effects of functional factors secreted by commensal bacteria on IECs, with focus on soluble proteins, metabolites, and surface layer components, and highlight the impact of IECs on the commensal microbial profile. This knowledge provides a proof-of-concept model for understanding of mechanisms underlying the microbiota-host mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Proteomics of Stem Cell and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Fang Yan,
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Hanhimäki E, Watts PC, Koskela E, Koteja P, Mappes T, Hämäläinen AM. Evolved high aerobic capacity has context-specific effects on gut microbiota. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.934164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is expected to coevolve with the host's physiology and may play a role in adjusting the host's energy metabolism to suit the host's environment. To evaluate the effects of both evolved host metabolism and the environmental context in shaping the gut microbiota, we used a unique combination of (1) experimental evolution to create selection lines for a fast metabolism and (2) a laboratory-to-field translocation study. Mature bank voles Myodes glareolus from lines selected for high aerobic capacity (A lines) and from unselected control (C lines) were released into large (0.2 ha) outdoor enclosures for longitudinal monitoring. To examine whether the natural environment elicited a similar or more pronounced impact on the gut microbiota of the next generation, we also sampled the field-reared offspring. The gut microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples. The artificial selection for fast metabolism had minimal impact on the gut microbiota in laboratory conditions but in field conditions, there were differences between the selection lines (A lines vs. C lines) in the diversity, community, and resilience of the gut microbiota. Notably, the selection lines differed in the less abundant bacteria throughout the experiment. The lab-to-field transition resulted in an increase in alpha diversity and an altered community composition in the gut microbiota, characterized by a significant increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and a decrease of Patescibacteria. Also, the selection lines showed different temporal patterns in changes in microbiota composition, as the average gut microbiota alpha diversity of the C lines, but not A lines, was temporarily reduced during the initial transition to the field. In surviving young voles, the alpha diversity of gut microbiota was significantly higher in A-line than C-line voles. These results indicate that the association of host metabolism and gut microbiota is context-specific, likely mediated by behavioral or physiological modifications in response to the environment.
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26
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Alberdi A, Andersen SB, Limborg MT, Dunn RR, Gilbert MTP. Disentangling host-microbiota complexity through hologenomics. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:281-297. [PMID: 34675394 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-021-00421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on animal-microbiota interactions has become a central topic in biological sciences because of its relevance to basic eco-evolutionary processes and applied questions in agriculture and health. However, animal hosts and their associated microbial communities are still seldom studied in a systemic fashion. Hologenomics, the integrated study of the genetic features of a eukaryotic host alongside that of its associated microbes, is becoming a feasible - yet still underexploited - approach that overcomes this limitation. Acknowledging the biological and genetic properties of both hosts and microbes, along with the advantages and disadvantages of implemented techniques, is essential for designing optimal studies that enable some of the major questions in biology to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antton Alberdi
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sandra B Andersen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten T Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Chang L, Ding Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Li F, He X, Zhang H. Effects of Different Oligosaccharides on Growth Performance and Intestinal Function in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852545. [PMID: 35433897 PMCID: PMC9011052 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of different oligosaccharides on the growth performance and intestinal function in broilers.MethodsA total of 360 1-day-old yellow-feather chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (ANT), 3 g/kg isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), 3 g/kg raffinose oligosaccharide (RFO), and 30 mg/kg chitooligosaccharide (COS). The experiment lasted for 56 days, with 1–28 days as the starter phase and 29–56 days as the grower phase.ResultsThe results showed that dietary supplementation with RFO and COS significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p < 0.05). Relative to the control group, diets supplemented with oligosaccharides dramatically increased the level of serum IgM (RFO, COS), T-SOD (COS), and GSH-Px (IMO and RFO) and the expression of ZO-1(IMO) and claudin-1 (RFO) (p < 0.05). Adding antibiotics or oligosaccharides to the diet could remarkedly increase the villus height and villus height (VH)/crypt depth (CD) ratio of each group (p < 0.05). Through the ileum α-diversity analysis and comparison of OTU number in each group showed that the microbial richness of the IMO group increased in the starter phase, and that of the RFO and CSO group increased in the grower phase. Additionally, compared with the control group, IMO supplementation increased the level of ileum sIgA (p < 0.05) and the content of valeric acid (p < 0.05) in the cecum.ConclusionsIn summary, the addition of oligosaccharides in diet can improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity and improve intestinal health of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Li
- Guangxi Fufeng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
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Hu J, Zeng J, Shi Y, Song S. Are microbes and metabolites influencing the parental consumption of nestlings' feces in gray-backed shrikes? Curr Zool 2022; 68:667-678. [PMID: 36743228 PMCID: PMC9892794 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavioral video recordings of the gray-backed shrike Lanius tephronotus revealed that parent birds eat the feces produced by their nestlings. "Parental nutrition hypothesis" attributes the origin of this behavior to nutrition-recovery and cost-saving, respectively. However, the presence of usable nutrients in the nestlings' feces is unknown because of traditional technology. In this study, we analyzed all the metabolites and the variations in the diversity and content of microbes in the feces of gray-backed shrike nestlings. We aimed to report the changes in microbes and metabolites with the age of nestlings and point out that the parent birds that eat the feces may gain potential nutrition benefits. The results showed that the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, changed significantly when the nestlings were 6 days old. The relative abundances of 6 probiotics, which are involved in digestion, metabolism, and immunity-related physiological functions, decreased in the nestlings' feces gradually with age; therefore, these probiotics may be obtained by parent birds upon ingestion of the feces of young nestlings. Among the metabolites that were detected, 20 were lipids and some had a role in anti-parasitic functions and wound healing; however, their relative contents decreased with age. These beneficial substances in the nestlings' feces may stimulate the parents to swallow the feces. Moreover, there were many aromatic metabolites in the newly hatched nestlings' feces, but the content of bitter metabolites increased as they grew up. Therefore, our results are in accordance with the nutritional hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingyuan Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yurou Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sen Song
- Address correspondence to Sen Song. E-mail:
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29
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A fat chance of survival: Body condition provides life-history dependent buffering of environmental change in a wild mammal population. CLIMATE CHANGE ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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30
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Wathsala RHGR, Musella M, Valbonesi P, Candela M, Franzellitti S. Variability of metabolic, protective, antioxidant, and lysosomal gene transcriptional profiles and microbiota composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis farmed in the North Adriatic Sea (Italy). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112847. [PMID: 34399278 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the transcriptional profiles of genes related to physiological responses in digestive glands (DG) of Mytilus galloprovincialis under the influence of seasonal changes of environmental variables, gender bias, and gonadal development. Composition of the DG microbiome was also explored. Mussels were collected across 7 months encompassing 3 seasons from a farm in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. All gene products showed complex transcriptional patterns across seasons. Salinity, surface oxygen and transparency significantly correlate with transcriptional profiles of males, whereas in females temperature and gonadal maturation mostly explained the observed transcriptional changes. Seasonal variations and gender-specific differences were observed in DG microbiome composition, with variations resembling metabolic accommodations likely facing season progression and reproductive cycle. Results provide baseline information to improve actual monitoring strategies of mussel farming conditions and forecast potential detrimental impacts of climatological/environmental changes in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margherita Musella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Paola Valbonesi
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy.
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Hu D, Yang J, Qi Y, Li B, Li K, Mok KM. Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:708512. [PMID: 34490397 PMCID: PMC8416479 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is involved in immune response and metabolism of the host. The frequent use of anthelmintic compounds for parasite expulsion causes disturbance to the equine intestinal microbiota. However, most studies were on the effects of such treatment on the intestinal bacterial microbes; none is on the entire microbial community including archaea and eukaryotic and viral community in equine animals. This study is the first to explore the differences of the microbial community composition and structure in Przewalski's horses prior to and following anthelmintic treatment, and to determine the corresponding changes of their functional attributes based on metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that in archaea, the methanogen of Euryarchaeota was the dominant phylum. Under this phylum, anthelmintic treatment increased the Methanobrevibacter genus and decreased the Methanocorpusculum genus and two other dominant archaea species, Methanocorpusculum labreanum and Methanocorpusculum bavaricum. In bacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla. Anthelmintic treatment increased the genera of Clostridium and Eubacterium and decreased those of Bacteroides and Prevotella and dominant bacteria species. These altered genera were associated with immunity and digestion. In eukaryota, anthelmintic treatment also changed the genera related to digestion and substantially decreased the relative abundances of identified species. In virus, anthelmintic treatment increased the genus of unclassified_d__Viruses and decreased those of unclassified_f__Siphoviridae and unclassified_f__Myoviridae. Most of the identified viral species were classified into phage, which were more sensitive to anthelmintic treatment than other viruses. Furthermore, anthelmintic treatment was found to increase the number of pathogens related to some clinical diseases in horses. The COG and KEGG function analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of Przewalski's horse mainly participated in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The anthelmintic treatment did not change their overall function; however, it displaced the population of the functional microbes involved in each function or pathway. These results provide a complete view on the changes caused by anthelmintic treatment in the intestinal microbiota of the Przewalski's horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Hu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Xinjiang Research Centre for Breeding Przewalski's Horse, Urumqi, China
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Xinjiang Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve Management Center, Changji, China
| | - Boling Li
- China National Environment Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Meng Mok
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Seasonal Dietary Shifts Alter the Gut Microbiota of Avivorous Bats: Implication for Adaptation to Energy Harvest and Nutritional Utilization. mSphere 2021. [PMID: 34346703 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.0046721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in the microbial community composition and function can permit the host to adapt to ecological, environmental, and physiological changes. Much of the information on the gut microbiota-host relationship to date derives from studies of laboratory model organisms, while little is known concerning wild animals and their ecological relevance to gut microbes. It is also unclear how microbial community composition and activity adapt to changes in diet and energy, nutritional requirements, and utilization induced by dietary expansion from invertebrates to vertebrates. The great evening bat (Ia io) is both an insectivore and an avivore (that is, a bird-eater), and thus provides an opportunity to investigate the diet-host-microbiota-physiology relationship. Here, we investigated this relationship by using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and functional prediction in adult males of I. io. We found that gut microbial diversity was similar, while microbial community structures were significantly different between insectivorous and avivorous diets. Moreover, increases in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, changes in carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism, and a decrease in Pseudomonas were associated with higher energy demands for hunting birds and with fat storage for entering hibernation and migration. These findings demonstrated that seasonal dietary shifts drive a significant change in the composition and function of gut microbiomes, thereby facilitating adaptation to the challenging avian dietary niche in bats. These results suggest that the gut microbial communities can constantly respond to alterations in diets, potentially facilitating the diversity of wild animal dietary niches, and enhance our understanding of the diet-host-microbiota-physiology relationship. IMPORTANCE The coevolution between the host and its gut microbes can promote an animal's adaptation to its specific ecological niche and changes in energy and nutritional requirements. This study focused on an avivorous bat, the great evening bat (Ia io), to investigate how seasonal dietary shifts affect the gut microbial composition and function, thereby facilitating adaptation to an avian diet. We found that seasonal dietary shifts driving a significant change in the composition and function of gut microbiomes in I. io were associated with higher energy demands for hunting birds and fat storage for entering hibernation and migration. Our study provides novel insight into the role of gut bacteria in generating ecological diversity and flexibility in wild mammals. The results are valuable for clarifying the complicated host-microbiota-physiology relationship in a dietary niche expansion context.
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Seasonal Dietary Shifts Alter the Gut Microbiota of Avivorous Bats: Implication for Adaptation to Energy Harvest and Nutritional Utilization. mSphere 2021; 6:e0046721. [PMID: 34346703 PMCID: PMC8386476 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00467-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in the microbial community composition and function can permit the host to adapt to ecological, environmental, and physiological changes. Much of the information on the gut microbiota-host relationship to date derives from studies of laboratory model organisms, while little is known concerning wild animals and their ecological relevance to gut microbes. It is also unclear how microbial community composition and activity adapt to changes in diet and energy, nutritional requirements, and utilization induced by dietary expansion from invertebrates to vertebrates. The great evening bat (Ia io) is both an insectivore and an avivore (that is, a bird-eater), and thus provides an opportunity to investigate the diet-host-microbiota-physiology relationship. Here, we investigated this relationship by using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and functional prediction in adult males of I. io. We found that gut microbial diversity was similar, while microbial community structures were significantly different between insectivorous and avivorous diets. Moreover, increases in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, changes in carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism, and a decrease in Pseudomonas were associated with higher energy demands for hunting birds and with fat storage for entering hibernation and migration. These findings demonstrated that seasonal dietary shifts drive a significant change in the composition and function of gut microbiomes, thereby facilitating adaptation to the challenging avian dietary niche in bats. These results suggest that the gut microbial communities can constantly respond to alterations in diets, potentially facilitating the diversity of wild animal dietary niches, and enhance our understanding of the diet-host-microbiota-physiology relationship. IMPORTANCE The coevolution between the host and its gut microbes can promote an animal’s adaptation to its specific ecological niche and changes in energy and nutritional requirements. This study focused on an avivorous bat, the great evening bat (Ia io), to investigate how seasonal dietary shifts affect the gut microbial composition and function, thereby facilitating adaptation to an avian diet. We found that seasonal dietary shifts driving a significant change in the composition and function of gut microbiomes in I. io were associated with higher energy demands for hunting birds and fat storage for entering hibernation and migration. Our study provides novel insight into the role of gut bacteria in generating ecological diversity and flexibility in wild mammals. The results are valuable for clarifying the complicated host-microbiota-physiology relationship in a dietary niche expansion context.
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Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Intestinal Immunity Response and Gut Microbiota in American Mink ( Neovison vison). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061577. [PMID: 34071204 PMCID: PMC8229402 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vitamin A is critical throughout life, but utilization of vitamin A often results in local and systemic toxicity. This study investigated the effect of vitamin A supplementation on mink growth and health. The results show that vitamin A deficiency decreased the ADG, villus height, villus height/crypt depth ratio and mRNA expression levels of IL-22, Occludin and ZO-1. Vitamin A supplementation increased the diversity of jejunum bacteria, decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group. Abstract This experiment investigated the effect of vitamin A supplementation on growth, serum biochemical parameters, jejunum morphology and the microbial community in male growing-furring mink. Thirty healthy male mink were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with 10 mink per group. Each mink was housed in an individual cage. The mink in the three groups were fed diets supplemented with vitamin A acetate at dosages of 0 (CON), 20,000 (LVitA) and 1,280,000 IU/kg (HVitA) of basal diet. A 7-day pretest period preceded a formal test period of 45 days. The results show that 20,000 IU/kg vitamin A increased the ADG, serum T-AOC and GSH-Px activities, villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of IL-22, Occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunum of mink were significantly higher in the LVitA group than those in the CON and HVitA groups (p < 0.05). Vitamin A supplementation increased the diversity of jejunum bacteria, decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, uncultured bacterium f Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Rummeliibacillus and Parasutterella. The comparison of potential functions also showed enrichment of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, transport and catabolism pathways in the vitamin A supplementation groups compared with the CON group. In conclusion, these results indicate that dietary vitamin A supplementation could mediate host growth by improving intestinal development, immunity and the relative abundance of the intestinal microbiota.
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Abstract
The gut microbiota has the capacity to affect host appetite via intestinal satiety pathways, as well as complex feeding behaviors. In this Review, we highlight recent evidence that the gut microbiota can modulate food preference across model organisms. We discuss effects of the gut microbiota on the vagus nerve and brain regions including the hypothalamus, mesolimbic system, and prefrontal cortex, which play key roles in regulating feeding behavior. Crosstalk between commensal bacteria and the central and peripheral nervous systems is associated with alterations in signaling of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We further consider areas for future research on mechanisms by which gut microbes may influence feeding behavior involving these neural pathways. Understanding roles for the gut microbiota in feeding regulation will be important for informing therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Lind
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Videja M, Vilskersts R, Korzh S, Cirule H, Sevostjanovs E, Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M. Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Protects Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Cardiac Functionality in a Rat Model of Right Ventricle Heart Failure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622741. [PMID: 33520996 PMCID: PMC7841203 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite synthesized in host organisms from specific food constituents, such as choline, carnitine and betaine. During the last decade, elevated TMAO levels have been proposed as biomarkers to estimate the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, there is still no consensus about the role of TMAO in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease since regular consumption of TMAO-rich seafood (i.e., a Mediterranean diet) is considered to be beneficial for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term TMAO administration on mitochondrial energy metabolism in an experimental model of right ventricle heart failure. Methods: TMAO was administered to rats at a dose of 120 mg/kg in their drinking water for 10 weeks. Then, a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT) (60 mg/kg) was administered to induce right ventricular dysfunction, and treatment with TMAO was continued (experimental groups: Control; TMAO; MCT; TMAO+MCT). After 4 weeks, right ventricle functionality was assessed by echocardiography, mitochondrial function and heart failure-related gene and protein expression was determined. Results: Compared to the control treatment, the administration of TMAO (120 mg/kg) for 14 weeks increased the TMAO concentration in cardiac tissues up to 14 times. MCT treatment led to impaired mitochondrial function and decreased right ventricular functional parameters. Although TMAO treatment itself decreased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation-dependent respiration, no effect on cardiac functionality was observed. Long-term TMAO administration prevented MCT-impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism by preserving fatty acid oxidation and subsequently decreasing pyruvate metabolism. In the experimental model of right ventricle heart failure, the impact of TMAO on energy metabolism resulted in a tendency to restore right ventricular function, as indicated by echocardiographic parameters and normalized organ-to-body weight indexes. Similarly, the expression of a marker of heart failure severity, brain natriuretic peptide, was substantially increased in the MCT group but tended to be restored to control levels in the TMAO+MCT group. Conclusion: Elevated TMAO levels preserve mitochondrial energy metabolism and cardiac functionality in an experimental model of right ventricular heart failure, suggesting that under specific conditions TMAO promotes metabolic preconditioning-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melita Videja
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiṇš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Reinis Vilskersts
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiṇš University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Helena Cirule
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiṇš University, Riga, Latvia
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Riccio P, Rossano R. The human gut microbiota is neither an organ nor a commensal. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3262-3271. [PMID: 33011965 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent explosive increase in the number of works on gut microbiota has been accompanied by the spread of rather vague or improper definitions, chosen more for common use than for experimental evidence. Among them are those defining the human gut microbiota as an organ of our body or as a commensal. But, is the human gut microbiota an organ or a commensal? Here, we address this issue to spearhead a reflection on the real roles of the human gut microbiota in our life. Actually, the misuse of the vocabulary used to describe the properties and functions of the gut microbiota may generate confusion and cause misunderstandings both in the scientific community and among the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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