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Girish KS, Srinivasan U. Community science data provide evidence for upward elevational range shifts by Eastern Himalayan birds. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Umesh Srinivasan
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
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2
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Srinivasan U, Wilcove DS. Interactive impacts of climate change and land-use change on the demography of montane birds. Ecology 2020; 102:e03223. [PMID: 33048352 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and habitat degradation are amongst the two greatest threats to biodiversity. Together, they can interact to imperil species. However, how climate change and land-use change jointly affect the demographic vital rates that underpin population viability remains unknown. Here, using long-term data on birds from the increasingly degraded and rapidly warming Himalayas, we show that survival trends over time are linked to species' elevational ranges in primary, but not in selectively logged forest. In primary forest, populations at their cold-edge elevational range limit show increases in survival rates over time, whereas those at their warm-edge elevational range limit suffer survival declines. This pattern is consistent with species tracking favorable climatic conditions over time, leading to improved demographic outcomes at progressively higher elevations with climate change, which in turn lead to upslope range shifts. In logged forest, however, survival rates remain relatively constant over time. This suggests that, in response to climate change in the long term, individuals of the same species can maintain demographic vital rates in higher-elevation primary forest, but not in logged forest. This is the first demonstration of how two of the most disruptive anthropogenic influences on biodiversity interact to threaten survivorship in natural populations. Ignoring interactions between climate change and land-use change can potentially undermine accurate forecasting of the future of species in an increasingly warm and degraded world. Importantly, large tracts of well-protected primary forests across Earth's tropical elevational gradients may be essential to enable tropical montane species to persist in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Srinivasan
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru, 560 012, India.,Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - David S Wilcove
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
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Cosset CCP, Gilroy JJ, Srinivasan U, Hethcoat MG, Edwards DP. Mass-abundance scaling in avian communities is maintained after tropical selective logging. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2803-2812. [PMID: 32211157 PMCID: PMC7083669 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective logging dominates forested landscapes across the tropics. Despite the structural damage incurred, selectively logged forests typically retain more biodiversity than other forest disturbances. Most logging impact studies consider conventional metrics, like species richness, but these can conceal subtle biodiversity impacts. The mass-abundance relationship is an integral feature of ecological communities, describing the negative relationship between body mass and population abundance, where, in a system without anthropogenic influence, larger species are less abundant due to higher energy requirements. Changes in this relationship can indicate community structure and function changes.We investigated the impacts of selective logging on the mass-abundance scaling of avian communities by conducting a meta-analysis to examine its pantropical trend. We divide our analysis between studies using mist netting, sampling the understory avian community, and point counts, sampling the entire community.Across 19 mist-netting studies, we found no consistent effects of selective logging on mass-abundance scaling relative to primary forests, except for the omnivore guild where there were fewer larger-bodied species after logging. In eleven point-count studies, we found a more negative relationship in the whole community after logging, likely driven by the frugivore guild, showing a similar pattern.Limited effects of logging on mass-abundance scaling may suggest high species turnover in logged communities, with like-for-like replacement of lost species with similar-sized species. The increased negative mass-abundance relationship found in some logged communities could result from resource depletion, density compensation, or increased hunting; potentially indicating downstream impacts on ecosystem functions. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that size distributions of avian communities in logged forests are relatively robust to disturbance, potentially maintaining ecosystem processes in these forests, thus underscoring the high conservation value of logged tropical forests, indicating an urgent need to focus on their protection from further degradation and deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy C P Cosset
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - James J Gilroy
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Umesh Srinivasan
- Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Woodrow Wilson School for Public and International Affairs Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Matthew G Hethcoat
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Grantham Centre for Sustainable Futures University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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4
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Srinivasan U. Morphological and Behavioral Correlates of Long-Term Bird Survival in Selectively Logged Forest. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Syiem BLN, Goswami VR, Vasudev D. "In a tree by the brook, there's a songbird who sings": Woodlands in an agricultural matrix maintain functionality of a wintering bird community. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201657. [PMID: 30071074 PMCID: PMC6072076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The agricultural matrix has increasingly been recognized for its potential to supplement Protected Areas (PAs) in biodiversity conservation. This potential is highly contextual, depending on composition and spatial configuration of matrix elements and their mechanistic relationship with biological communities. We investigate the effects of local vegetation structure, and proximity to a PA on the site-use of different guilds in a wintering bird community within the PA, and in wooded land-use types in the surrounding matrix. We used occupancy models to estimate covariate–guild relationships and predict site-use. We also compared species richness (estimated through capture–recapture models) and species naïve site-use between the PA and the matrix to evaluate taxonomic changes. We found that tree cover did not limit the site-use of most guilds of the community, probably due to high canopy cover across all chosen sites. Exceptions to this were guilds comprising generalist species. Shrub cover and bamboo cover had important effects on some woodland-associated guilds, suggesting a change in limiting factors for site-use under adequate tree cover. Site-use across the matrix was high for all analyzed guilds. This was found to be due to three non-exclusive reasons: (i) presence of one or more ubiquitous species (found all across the landscape) within some guilds, (ii) redundancy of species within guilds that buffered against a decrease in site-use, and (iii) turnover in guild composition/abundances to more generalist species from PA to matrix. Estimated species richness was higher in the matrix (107± 11; mean ± SE) than in the PA (90± 7), which may have been in part due to the addition of generalist species in the matrix. Understanding factors that limit biological communities is crucial to better managing the ever-increasing matrix for biodiversity conservation. Our study provides insights into the effects of different components of vegetation structure on the bird community in wooded land-use types in the matrix. We highlight the value of woodlands surrounding PAs in maintaining multiple guilds, and hence, the functionality of a wintering bird community. However, we caution that the matrix may fall short in retaining some specialized species of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biang La Nam Syiem
- Post-graduate Programme in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, Wildlife Conservation Society India Program and National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
- Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Varun R. Goswami
- Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India
- Conservation Initiatives, Guwahati, India
| | - Divya Vasudev
- Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India
- Conservation Initiatives, Guwahati, India
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Borah B, Quader S, Srinivasan U. Responses of interspecific associations in mixed-species bird flocks to selective logging. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binod Borah
- Post-graduate Program in Wildlife Biology & Conservation; Wildlife Conservation Society - India Program &National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Suhel Quader
- Nature Conservation Foundations; Mysore Karnataka India
| | - Umesh Srinivasan
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
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Velho N, Srinivasan U, Singh P, Laurance WF. Large mammal use of protected and community-managed lands in a biodiversity hotspot. Anim Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Velho
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences; James Cook University; Cairns Qld Australia
| | - U. Srinivasan
- Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
- Tata Insitute of Fundamental Research; National Centre for Biological Sciences; Bangalore India
| | - P. Singh
- Researchers for Wildlife Conservation, National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Bangalore India
| | - W. F. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences; James Cook University; Cairns Qld Australia
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Srinivasan U, Hines JE, Quader S. Demographic superiority with increased logging in tropical understorey insectivorous birds. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Srinivasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; GKVK Campus Bangalore Karnataka 560 065 India
| | - James E. Hines
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road # 201 Laurel MD 20708-4017 USA
| | - Suhel Quader
- National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; GKVK Campus Bangalore Karnataka 560 065 India
- Nature Conservation Foundation; 3076/5 Gokulam Park Mysore Karnataka 570 002 India
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The effect of land-use on the diversity and mass-abundance relationships of understory avian insectivores in Sri Lanka and southern India. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11569. [PMID: 26108368 PMCID: PMC4479823 DOI: 10.1038/srep11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understory avian insectivores are especially sensitive to deforestation, although regional differences in how these species respond to human disturbance may be linked to varying land-use histories. South Asia experienced widespread conversion of forest to agriculture in the nineteenth century, providing a comparison to tropical areas deforested more recently. In Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats of India, we compared understory insectivores to other guilds, and to insectivores with different vertical strata preferences, both inside mixed-species flocks and for the whole bird community. Overall species richness did not change across the land-use gradient, although there was substantial turnover in species composition between land-use types. We found that the proportion of species represented by insectivores was ~1.14 times higher in forest compared to agriculture, and the proportion of insectivores represented by understory species was ~1.32 times higher in forests. Mass-abundance relationships were very different when analyzed on mixed-species flocks compared to the total community, perhaps indicating reduced competition in these mutualisms. We show that South Asia fits the worldwide pattern of understory insectivores declining with increased land-use intensity, and conclude that these species can be used globally as indicator and/or umbrella species for conservation across different disturbance time scales.
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Su D, Zou F. Prevalence patterns of avian Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasites and the influence of host relative abundance in southern China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99501. [PMID: 24911323 PMCID: PMC4049823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases threaten the health and survival of wildlife populations. Consequently, relationships between host diversity, host abundance, and parasite infection are important aspects of disease ecology and conservation research. Here, we report on the prevalence patterns of avian Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infections and host relative abundance influence based on sampling 728 wild-caught birds representing 124 species at seven geographically widespread sites in southern China. The overall prevalence of two haemoprotozoan parasites, Plasmodium and Haemoproteus, was 29.5%, with 22.0% attributable to Haemoproteus and 7.8% to Plasmodium. Haemoproteus prevalence differed significantly among different avian host families, with the highest prevalence in Nectariniidae, Pycnonotidae and Muscicapidae, whereas Plasmodium prevalence varied significantly among host species. Seventy-nine mitochondrial lineages including 25 from Plasmodium and 54 from Haemoproteus were identified, 80% of which were described here for the first time. The phylogenetic relationships among these parasites indicated stronger host-species specificity for Haemoproteus than Plasmodium. Well-supported host-family (Timaliidae) specific clades were found in both Plasmodium and Haemoproteus. The Haemoproteus tree shows regional subclades, whereas the Plasmodium clades are “scattered” among different geographical regions. Interestingly, there were statistically significant variations in the prevalence of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus among the geographical regions. Furthermore, the prevalence of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus were not significantly correlated with host relative abundance. Further efforts will focus on exploring the relationships between parasite prevalence and sex, age, and immune defense of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Wu
- Guangdong Entomological Institute/South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangdong Entomological Institute/South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Su
- Guangdong Entomological Institute/South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fasheng Zou
- Guangdong Entomological Institute/South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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