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Diniz F, Parmeggiani B, Brandão G, Ferreira BK, Teixeira MF, Streck EL, Olivera-Bravo S, Barbeito LH, Schuck PF, de Melo Reis RA, Ferreira GC. Dual Effect of Carnosine on ROS Formation in Rat Cultured Cortical Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4908-4922. [PMID: 38151612 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine is composed of β-alanine and L-histidine and is considered to be an important neuroprotective agent with antioxidant, metal chelating, and antisenescence properties. However, children with serum carnosinase deficiency present increased circulating carnosine and severe neurological symptoms. We here investigated the in vitro effects of carnosine on redox and mitochondrial parameters in cultured cortical astrocytes from neonatal rats. Carnosine did not alter mitochondrial content or mitochondrial membrane potential. On the other hand, carnosine increased mitochondrial superoxide anion formation, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA), indicating that carnosine per se acts as a pro-oxidant agent. Nonetheless, carnosine prevented DCF-DA oxidation induced by H2O2 in cultured cortical astrocytes. Since alterations on mitochondrial membrane potential are not likely to be involved in these effects of carnosine, the involvement of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the pro-oxidant actions of carnosine was investigated. MK-801, an antagonist of NMDA receptors, prevented DCF-DA oxidation induced by carnosine in cultured cortical astrocytes. Astrocyte reactivity induced by carnosine was also prevented by the coincubation with MK-801. The present study shows for the very first time the pro-oxidant effects of carnosine per se in astrocytes. The data raise awareness on the importance of a better understanding of the biological actions of carnosine, a nutraceutical otherwise widely reported as devoid of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Diniz
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas:Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Brandão
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Klippel Ferreira
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Fonseca Teixeira
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patricia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas:Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas:Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Busa P, Lee SO, Huang N, Kuthati Y, Wong CS. Carnosine Alleviates Knee Osteoarthritis and Promotes Synoviocyte Protection via Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway: An In-Vivo and In-Vitro Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061209. [PMID: 35740105 PMCID: PMC9220310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common joint disease in the elderly is knee osteoarthritis (OA). It is distinguished by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone loss, and a decrease in joint space. We studied the effects of carnosine (CA) on knee OA in male Wistar rats. OA is induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection combined with medial meniscectomy (ACLT+MMx) method and in vitro studies are conducted in fibroblast-like synoviocyte cells (FLS). The pain was assessed using weight-bearing and paw-withdrawal tests. CA supplementation significantly reduced pain. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect inflammatory proteins in the blood and intra-articular synovial fluid (IASF), and CA reduced the levels of inflammatory proteins. Histopathological studies were performed on knee-tissue samples using toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) assays. CA treatment improved synovial protection and decreased cartilage degradation while decreasing zonal depth lesions. Furthermore, Western blotting studies revealed that the CA-treated group activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) and reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). FLS cells were isolated from the knee joints and treated with IL-1β to stimulate the inflammatory response and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). The matrix metalloproteinase protein (MMP's) levels (MMP-3, and MMP-13) were determined using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and CA treatment reduced the MMP's expression levels. When tested using the 2',7'-dicholorodihydrofluroscene diacetate (DCFDA) assay and the 5,5',6,6'-tetracholoro-1,1',3,3'-tertraethylbenzimidazolcarboc janine iodide (JC-1) assay in augmented ROS FLS cells, CA reduced the ROS levels and improved the mitochondrial membrane permeability. This study's investigation suggests that CA significantly alleviates knee OA both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; (P.B.); (S.-O.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sing-Ong Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; (P.B.); (S.-O.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Niancih Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City 114, Taiwan;
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; (P.B.); (S.-O.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; (P.B.); (S.-O.L.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City 114, Taiwan;
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2708-2121
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Viability of Glioblastoma Cells and Fibroblasts in the Presence of Imidazole-Containing Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105834. [PMID: 35628643 PMCID: PMC9146156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) specifically attenuates tumor growth. Here, we ask whether other small imidazole-containing compounds also affect the viability of tumor cells without affecting non-malignant cells and whether the formation of histamine is involved. Patient-derived fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells were treated with carnosine, L-alanyl-L-histidine (LA-LH), β-alanyl-L-alanine, L-histidine, histamine, imidazole, β-alanine, and L-alanine. Cell viability was assessed by cell-based assays and microscopy. The intracellular release of L-histidine and formation of histamine was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Carnosine and LA-LH inhibited tumor cell growth with minor effects on fibroblasts, and L-histidine, histamine, and imidazole affected viability in both cell types. Compounds without the imidazole moiety did not diminish viability. In the presence of LA-LH but not in the presence of carnosine, a significant rise in intracellular amounts of histidine was detected in all cells. The formation of histamine was not detectable in the presence of carnosine, LA-LH, or histidine. In conclusion, the imidazole moiety of carnosine contributes to its anti-neoplastic effect, which is also seen in the presence of histidine and LA-LH. Despite the fact that histamine has a strong effect on cell viability, the formation of histamine is not responsible for the effects on the cell viability of carnosine, LA-LH, and histidine.
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Unveiling the Hidden Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine, a Molecule with a Multimodal Mechanism of Action: A Position Paper. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103303. [PMID: 35630780 PMCID: PMC9143376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide and an over-the-counter food supplement with a well-demonstrated multimodal mechanism of action that includes the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the down-regulation of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, the inhibition of aberrant protein formation, and the modulation of cells in the peripheral (macrophages) and brain (microglia) immune systems. Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, a plethora of in vivo preclinical studies have been carried out; however, there is still substantial heterogeneity regarding the route of administration, the dosage, the duration of the treatment, and the animal model selected, underlining the urgent need for "coordinated/aligned" preclinical studies laying the foundations for well-defined future clinical trials. The main aim of the present position paper is to critically and concisely consider these key points and open a discussion on the possible "alignment" for future studies, with the goal of validating the full therapeutic potential of this intriguing molecule.
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Comparative Cerebroprotective Potential of d- and l-Carnosine Following Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093053. [PMID: 32357505 PMCID: PMC7246848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
l-carnosine is an attractive therapeutic agent for acute ischemic stroke based on its robust preclinical cerebroprotective properties and wide therapeutic time window. However, large doses are needed for efficacy because carnosine is rapidly degraded in serum by carnosinases. The need for large doses could be particularly problematic when translating to human studies, as humans have much higher levels of serum carnosinases. We hypothesized that d-carnosine, which is not a substrate for carnosinases, may have a better pharmacological profile and may be more efficacious at lower doses than l-carnosine. To test our hypothesis, we explored the comparative pharmacokinetics and neuroprotective properties of d- and L-carnosine in acute ischaemic stroke in mice. We initially investigated the pharmacokinetics of d- and L-carnosine in serum and brain after intravenous (IV) injection in mice. We then investigated the comparative efficacy of d- and l-carnosine in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia followed by in vitro testing against excitotoxicity and free radical generation using primary neuronal cultures. The pharmacokinetics of d- and l-carnosine were similar in serum and brain after IV injection in mice. Both d- and l-carnosine exhibited similar efficacy against mouse focal cerebral ischemia. In vitro studies in neurons showed protection against excitotoxicity and the accumulation of free radicals. d- and l-carnosine exhibit similar pharmacokinetics and have similar efficacy against experimental stroke in mice. Since humans have far higher levels of carnosinases, d-carnosine may have more favorable pharmacokinetics in future human studies.
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Kim Y, Kim Y. L-histidine and L-carnosine exert anti-brain aging effects in D-galactose-induced aged neuronal cells. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:188-202. [PMID: 32528627 PMCID: PMC7263900 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.3.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Brain aging is a major risk factor for severe neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, L-histidine and L-carnosine are known to exhibit neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the potential for L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination to mediate anti-brain aging effects in neuronal cells subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. MATERIALS/METHODS The neuroprotective potential of L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination was examined in a retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line exposed to D-galactose (200 mM) for 48 h. Neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation, and expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and apoptosis markers were subsequently evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with L-histidine (1 mM), L-carnosine (10 mM), or both for 48 h efficiently improved the proliferation, neurogenesis, and senescence of D-galactose-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, protein expression levels of both neuronal markers (β tubulin-III and neurofilament heavy protein) and anti-oxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase-1 and superoxide dismutase-1 were up-regulated. Conversely, protein expression levels of amyloid β (1-42) and cleaved caspase-3 were down-regulated. Levels of mRNA for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were also down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination mediate anti-aging effects in a neuronal cell line subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. These results suggest the potential benefits of L-histidine and L-carnosine as anti-brain aging agents and they support further research of these amino acid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Berra-Romani R, Faris P, Pellavio G, Orgiu M, Negri S, Forcaia G, Var-Gaz-Guadarrama V, Garcia-Carrasco M, Botta L, Sancini G, Laforenza U, Moccia F. Histamine induces intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations and nitric oxide release in endothelial cells from brain microvascular circulation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1515-1530. [PMID: 31310018 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuromodulator histamine is able to vasorelax in human cerebral, meningeal and temporal arteries via endothelial histamine 1 receptors (H1 Rs) which result in the downstream production of nitric oxide (NO), the most powerful vasodilator transmitter in the brain. Although endothelial Ca 2+ signals drive histamine-induced NO release throughout the peripheral circulation, the mechanism by which histamine evokes NO production in human cerebrovascular endothelial cells is still unknown. Herein, we exploited the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3, to assess the role of intracellular Ca 2+ signaling in histamine-induced NO release. To achieve this goal, hCMEC/D3 cells were loaded with the Ca 2+ - and NO-sensitive dyes, Fura-2/AM and DAF-FM/AM, respectively. Histamine elicited repetitive oscillations in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in hCMEC/D3 cells throughout a concentration range spanning from 1 pM up to 300 μM. The oscillatory Ca 2+ response was suppressed by the inhibition of H 1 Rs with pyrilamine, whereas H 1 R was abundantly expressed at the protein level. We further found that histamine-induced intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations were initiated by endogenous Ca 2+ mobilization through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate- and nicotinic acid dinucleotide phosphate-sensitive channels and maintained over time by store-operated Ca 2+ entry. In addition, histamine evoked robust NO release that was prevented by interfering with the accompanying intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations, thereby confirming that the endothelial NO synthase is recruited by Ca 2+ spikes also in hCMEC/D3 cells. These data provide the first evidence that histamine evokes NO production from human cerebrovascular endothelial cells through intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations, thereby shedding novel light on the mechanisms by which this neuromodulator controls cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, Biomedicine School, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Research Center, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan-Region of Iraq, Iraq
| | - Giorgia Pellavio
- Human Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Orgiu
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Greta Forcaia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Mario Garcia-Carrasco
- Department of Biomedicine, Biomedicine School, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Laura Botta
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Umberto Laforenza
- Human Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Schön M, Mousa A, Berk M, Chia WL, Ukropec J, Majid A, Ukropcová B, de Courten B. The Potential of Carnosine in Brain-Related Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061196. [PMID: 31141890 PMCID: PMC6627134 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders represent a serious burden because of their increasing prevalence, risk of disability, and the lack of effective causal/disease-modifying treatments. There is a growing body of evidence indicating potentially favourable effects of carnosine, which is an over-the-counter food supplement, in peripheral tissues. Although most studies to date have focused on the role of carnosine in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the physiological presence of this di-peptide and its analogues in the brain together with their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier as well as evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies suggest carnosine as a promising therapeutic target in brain disorders. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of carnosine in neurological, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders, summarizing current evidence from cell, animal, and human cross-sectional, longitudinal studies, and randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schön
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
- Orygen, The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Wern L Chia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, 81469 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Chen K, Wang C, Fan Y, Gu J, Han Z, Wang Y, Gao L, Zeng H. Identification of mundoserone by zebrafish in vivo screening as a natural product with anti-angiogenic activity. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4562-4568. [PMID: 30542405 PMCID: PMC6257818 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen natural products with anti-angiogenic potential from the Natural Products Collection of MicroSource. The anti-angiogenic activity of 240 natural products was assessed using the zebrafish line Tg(fli1a: EGFP)y1. At 24 h post-fertilization, the embryos were treated with the library compounds for 24 h and, the morphology of the intersegmental vessels (ISVs) was then assessed using a fluorescence microscope, followed by counting of ISVs and calculation of the inhibition ratio. The expression of angiogenesis-associated genes was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that mundoserone inhibited ISV formation in zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner, with a significant anti-angiogenic activity observed at a concentration of 10 µM, leading to an ISV inhibition ratio of 73.6±1.3%. Mundoserone significantly reduced the expression of slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) and -2, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2 and -3, as well as protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type B (PTP-RB), but increased the expression of NOTCH1A. Accordingly, mundoserone may be an effective angiogenic inhibitor, which acts via downregulation of SLIT/ROBO1 and FGFR/PTP-RB, and upregulation of NOTCH1A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Huasu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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10
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Hu W, Chen Z. The roles of histamine and its receptor ligands in central nervous system disorders: An update. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 175:116-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Xie RX, Li DW, Liu XC, Yang MF, Fang J, Sun BL, Zhang ZY, Yang XY. Carnosine Attenuates Brain Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:541-551. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Oritani S, Michiue T, Chen JH, Tani N, Ishikawa T. Biodistribution of diphenhydramine in reproductive organs in an overdose case. Hum Cell 2016; 30:106-116. [PMID: 27838883 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-016-0151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Motion sickness medications such as Travelmin® prescribed in Japan include diphenhydramine (DPH), dyphylline, diphenidol, and/or caffeine. Herein, we report a patient who died due to rhabdomyolysis after ingesting a DPH containing motion sickness medication. A Japanese male in his 30 s reported missing after going out for a drive early in the morning was found dead in his car in the evening of the same day. An autopsy showed moderate edema, congestion, and several petechiae in both lungs. The brain was congested and edematous with no atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries. The prostate and both testes were slightly edematous. Gastric contents included approximately 15 mL of dark-brown fluid without tablets or food residue. Toxicological examination showed that blood DPH levels in all tissues were between 4.90 and 7.27 μg/mL, which represented toxic to lethal levels. DPH (μg/mL) levels were approximately 3-9 times higher in the prostate (73.42) and testes (left, 28.23; right, 30.09) than those in all regions of the brain (range 7.75-12.33). Blood dyphylline, diphenidol and caffeine levels in reproductive organs reached high, but not toxic levels. In conclusion, DPH, dyphylline, diphenidol, and caffeine levels were higher in reproductive organs such as the prostate and testes than in the central nervous system and heart. As we determined in this case, motion sickness medications might accumulate in reproductive organs. Thus, further examination of tissue biodistribution of DPH, dyphylline, diphenidol, and caffeine is necessary to assess their potential long-term effects in these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Oritani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, c/o Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, c/o Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoto Tani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, c/o Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. .,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, c/o Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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Sedeyn JC, Wu H, Hobbs RD, Levin EC, Nagele RG, Venkataraman V. Histamine Induces Alzheimer's Disease-Like Blood Brain Barrier Breach and Local Cellular Responses in Mouse Brain Organotypic Cultures. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:937148. [PMID: 26697497 PMCID: PMC4677161 DOI: 10.1155/2015/937148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Among the top ten causes of death in the United States, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the only one that cannot be cured, prevented, or even slowed down at present. Significant efforts have been exerted in generating model systems to delineate the mechanism as well as establishing platforms for drug screening. In this study, a promising candidate model utilizing primary mouse brain organotypic (MBO) cultures is reported. For the first time, we have demonstrated that the MBO cultures exhibit increased blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability as shown by IgG leakage into the brain parenchyma, astrocyte activation as evidenced by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neuronal damage-response as suggested by increased vimentin-positive neurons occur upon histamine treatment. Identical responses-a breakdown of the BBB, astrocyte activation, and neuronal expression of vimentin-were then demonstrated in brains from AD patients compared to age-matched controls, consistent with other reports. Thus, the histamine-treated MBO culture system may provide a valuable tool in combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Sedeyn
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Reilly D. Hobbs
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Eli C. Levin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Robert G. Nagele
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Venkat Venkataraman
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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