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Nucci L, Miraglia F, Pappalettera C, Rossini PM, Vecchio F. Exploring the complexity of EEG patterns in Parkinson's disease. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01277-y. [PMID: 38997574 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily associated with motor dysfunctions. By the time of definitive diagnosis, about 60% of dopaminergic neurons have already been lost; moreover, even if dopaminergic drugs are highly effective in symptoms control, they only help maintaining a near-healthy condition when started as soon as possible. Therefore, interest in identifying early biomarkers of PD has grown in recent years, especially using neurophysiological techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG). This study aims to investigate brain complexity differences in PD patients compared to healthy controls, focusing on the beta band using approximate entropy (ApEn) analysis of resting-state EEG recordings. Sixty participants were recruited, including 25 PD patients and 35 healthy elderly subjects, matched for age and gender. EEG were recorded for each participant and ApEn values were computed in the beta 1 (13-20 Hz) and beta 2 (20-30 Hz) frequency bands for each EEG-channel and for ROIs. PD patients showed statistically lower ApEn values compared to controls in both beta 1 and beta 2 bands. Regarding electrodes analysis, beta 1 band alterations were found in frontocentral areas, while beta 2 band alterations were observed in centroparietal and frontocentral areas. Considering ROIs, statistically lower ApEn values for PD patients has been reported in central and parietal ROIs in the beta 2 band. Complexity reduction in these areas may underlie beta oscillatory activity dysfunction, reflecting impaired cortical mechanisms associated with motor dysfunction in PD. The results suggest that ApEn analysis of resting EEG activity may serve as a potential tool for early PD detection. Further studies are necessary to validate this approach in PD diagnosis and rehabilitation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nucci
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy.
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pappalettera
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy
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2
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Somasundaram I, Jain SM, Blot-Chabaud M, Pathak S, Banerjee A, Rawat S, Sharma NR, Duttaroy AK. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with age-related disorders. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1384966. [PMID: 39015222 PMCID: PMC11250148 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1384966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that features a functional decline in many organelles. Various factors influence the aging process, such as chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic changes, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly impacts aging because mitochondria regulate cellular energy, oxidative balance, and calcium levels. Mitochondrial integrity is maintained by mitophagy, which helps maintain cellular homeostasis, prevents ROS production, and protects against mtDNA damage. However, increased calcium uptake and oxidative stress can disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability, leading to the apoptotic cascade. This disruption causes increased production of free radicals, leading to oxidative modification and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which contribute to cellular dysfunction and aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting from structural and functional changes, is linked to age-related degenerative diseases. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction, its implications in aging and age-related disorders, and potential anti-aging strategies through targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Somasundaram
- Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur, India
| | - Samatha M. Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | | | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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da Silva Lima F, da Silva Gonçalves CE, Fock RA. A review of the role of zinc finger proteins on hematopoiesis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127290. [PMID: 37659124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow is responsible for producing an incredible number of cells daily in order to maintain blood homeostasis through a process called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis is a greatly demanding process and one entirely dependent on complex interactions between the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and its surrounding microenvironment. Zinc (Zn2+) is considered an important trace element, playing diverse roles in different tissues and cell types, and zinc finger proteins (ZNF) are proteins that use Zn2+ as a structural cofactor. In this way, the ZNF structure is supported by a Zn2+ that coordinates many possible combinations of cysteine and histidine, with the most common ZNF being of the Cys2His2 (C2H2) type, which forms a family of transcriptional activators that play an important role in different cellular processes such as development, differentiation, and suppression, all of these being essential processes for an adequate hematopoiesis. This review aims to shed light on the relationship between ZNF and the regulation of the hematopoietic tissue. We include works with different designs, including both in vitro and in vivo studies, detailing how ZNF might regulate hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana da Silva Lima
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Xu X, Sun B, Zhao C. Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 and parthanatos in neurological diseases: From pathogenesis to therapeutic opportunities. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106314. [PMID: 37783233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the most extensively studied member of the PARP superfamily, with its primary function being the facilitation of DNA damage repair processes. Parthanatos is a type of regulated cell death cascade initiated by PARP-1 hyperactivation, which involves multiple subroutines, including the accumulation of ADP-ribose polymers (PAR), binding of PAR and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), release of AIF from the mitochondria, the translocation of the AIF/macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) complex, and massive MIF-mediated DNA fragmentation. Over the past few decades, the role of PARP-1 in central nervous system health and disease has received increasing attention. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of PARP-1 in neural cell proliferation and differentiation, memory formation, brain ageing, and epigenetic regulation. We then elaborate on the involvement of PARP-1 and PARP-1-dependant parthanatos in various neuropathological processes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, autophagy damage, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additional highlight contains PARP-1's implications in the initiation, progression, and therapeutic opportunities for different neurological illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy, and neuropathic pain (NP). Finally, emerging insights into the repurposing of PARP inhibitors for the management of neurological diseases are provided. This review aims to summarize the exciting advancements in the critical role of PARP-1 in neurological disorders, which may open new avenues for therapeutic options targeting PARP-1 or parthanatos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bowen Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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Abtahi S, Chen X, Shahabi S, Nasiri N. Resorbable Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Critical Features, Potentials, and Limitations. ACS MATERIALS AU 2023; 3:394-417. [PMID: 38089090 PMCID: PMC10510521 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Lack of horizontal and vertical bone at the site of an implant can lead to significant clinical problems that need to be addressed before implant treatment can take place. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a commonly used surgical procedure that employs a barrier membrane to encourage the growth of new bone tissue in areas where bone has been lost due to injury or disease. It is a promising approach to achieve desired repair in bone tissue and is widely accepted and used in approximately 40% of patients with bone defects. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive examination of recent advances in resorbable membranes for GBR including natural materials such as chitosan, collagen, silk fibroin, along with synthetic materials such as polyglycolic acid (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and their copolymers. In addition, the properties of these materials including foreign body reaction, mechanical stability, antibacterial property, and growth factor delivery performance will be compared and discussed. Finally, future directions for resorbable membrane development and potential clinical applications will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abtahi
- NanoTech
Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
- Department
of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- NanoTech
Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Department
of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Noushin Nasiri
- NanoTech
Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
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Erb C, Reinehr S, Theiss C, Dick HB, Joachim SC. HSP27 induced glaucomatous damage in mice of young and advanced age. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1257297. [PMID: 37744880 PMCID: PMC10513106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1257297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-related diseases such as glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, are having an upward trend due to an aging society. In glaucoma, some patients display altered antibody profiles and increased antibody titers, for example against heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). An intravitreal injection of HSP27 leads to glaucoma-like damage in rats. We now aimed to investigate if aged mice are more prone to this damage than younger ones. Methods We intravitreally injected HSP27 into young (1-2 months) and aged (7-8 months) mice to compare glaucomatous damage. Respective age-matched controls received PBS. Not injected eyes served as naive controls. Results Optical coherence tomography 4 weeks after injection showed no changes in retinal thickness in all groups at both ages. Cell counts and RT-qPCR revealed a significant reduction in RGC numbers in HSP27 mice at both ages. Comparing aged and young HSP27 mice, no differences in Rbpms and Pou4f1 (RGCs) expression was detected, while the Tubb3 expression (neuronal cells) was significantly upregulated in aged HSP27 animals. Neither microglia/macrophages nor (resident) microglia counts revealed significant differences in HSP27 mice at both ages. Nevertheless, increased relative Iba1 and Tmem119 expression was detected in young and aged HSP27 mice. Aged HSP27 mice displayed a significantly lower Iba1 expression than young ones, whereas Cd68 levels were upregulated. A larger GFAP+ area and an upregulation of GFAP expression in HSP27 animals of both ages indicated a macrogliosis. Also, elevated Il1b and Nos2 expression levels were observed in young and aged HSP27 mice. However, only Il1b levels were upregulated when comparing 7-8 months to 1-2 months old animals. A larger HSP25+ area was seen in aged HSP27 animals, while Hspb2 expression levels were downregulated in both HSP27 groups. The aged HSP27 group displayed an upregulated Hspb2 expression compared to young mice. Furthermore, a higher optic nerve degeneration score was noted in young and aged HSP27 groups. Discussion These findings indicate that an intravitreal injection of HSP27 led to RGC loss accompanied by inflammation. Age-dependent effects (7-8 months vs. 1-2 months) were not very prominent. The results suggest a potential role of extracellular HSP27 in the development of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clivia Erb
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reinehr
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - H. Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Uranova N, Vikhreva O, Rakhmanova V. Specific interactions between microglia and oligodendrocytes in white matter in continuous schizophrenia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:128-137. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2022122121128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Role of Melatonin in Angiotensin and Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154666. [PMID: 34361818 PMCID: PMC8347812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular utilization of oxygen leads to the generation of free radicals in organisms. The accumulation of these free radicals contributes significantly to aging and several age-related diseases. Angiotensin II can contribute to DNA damage through oxidative stress by activating the NAD(P)H oxidase pathway, which in turn results in the production of reactive oxygen species. This radical oxygen-containing molecule has been linked to aging and several age-related disorders, including renal damage. Considering the role of angiotensin in aging, melatonin might relieve angiotensin-II-induced stress by enhancing the mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 pathway, which is crucial in preventing the mitochondrial calcium overload that may trigger increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This review highlights the role and importance of melatonin together with angiotensin in aging and age-related diseases.
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9
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Franke K, Bublak P, Hoyer D, Billiet T, Gaser C, Witte OW, Schwab M. In vivo biomarkers of structural and functional brain development and aging in humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 117:142-164. [PMID: 33308708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is a major determinant of aging. Along with the aging population, prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, therewith placing economic and social burden on individuals and society. Individual rates of brain aging are shaped by genetics, epigenetics, and prenatal environmental. Biomarkers of biological brain aging are needed to predict individual trajectories of aging and the risk for age-associated neurological impairments for developing early preventive and interventional measures. We review current advances of in vivo biomarkers predicting individual brain age. Telomere length and epigenetic clock, two important biomarkers that are closely related to the mechanistic aging process, have only poor deterministic and predictive accuracy regarding individual brain aging due to their high intra- and interindividual variability. Phenotype-related biomarkers of global cognitive function and brain structure provide a much closer correlation to age at the individual level. During fetal and perinatal life, autonomic activity is a unique functional marker of brain development. The cognitive and structural biomarkers also boast high diagnostic specificity for determining individual risks for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Franke
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - P Bublak
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - D Hoyer
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - C Gaser
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - O W Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - M Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Abooshahab R, Dass CR. The biological relevance of pigment epithelium-derived factor on the path from aging to age-related disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111478. [PMID: 33812881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenously produced protein that contributes to cell growth arrest, and reduced levels of PEDF are associated with the progression of cellular senescence and the aging process. However, the mechanisms underlying PEDF regulation of these events are not completely clear. Increased PEDF activity may induce anti-aging processes, suggesting the potential therapeutic value of PEDF as an anti-aging and age-related disease. In this review, we recapitulate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging following the characteristics and specific roles of the PEDF in cell cycle arrest and its relevance to cellular senescence and aging pathways. In this context, the discovery and fluctuations of PEDF in age-related diseases are summarised. In light of the importance of PEDF in cellular senescence and aging processes, better comprehension of the mechanism(s) of PEDF in the regulation of cell cycle and the aging process can conceivably facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for diseases that occur with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia; Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, 6102, Australia.
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Afshar H, Abedini A, Nadji SA, Sadr M, Kiani A, Alizadeh N, Javadi A. Telomere length assessment in blood leukocytes of patients with sarcoidosis. SARCOIDOSIS, VASCULITIS, AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF WASOG 2021; 38:e2021009. [PMID: 33867793 PMCID: PMC8050626 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v38i1.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated aging and telomere shortening have been studied in many chronic diseases such as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Different studies have shown that patients with these diseases have shorter telomere lengths than controls; this can be a marker of the progression and outcome of the disease. So far, a few studies have been evaluated the telomere length in sarcoidosis. In this study we determine the telomere length in patients with sarcoidosis and compare it with control subjects. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to compare telomere length in patients with sarcoidosis and normal population. Methods: We select 58 patients with sarcoidosis who were visited in the sarcoidosis clinic of Masih Daneshvari Hospital. 58 sex and age-matched (with±2 years) healthy control subjects were selected. Telomere length was measured by quantitative real time PCR as described by Cawthon on peripheral blood sample. The telomere repeat copy number (T) to single-gene copy number(S) ratio was calculated using the comparative Ct method. Results: The mean and standard deviation of telomere length in the patient and control group was 0.65 ± 0.05 and 0.72 ± 0.07 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. (P = 0.031). Conclusion: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can involve many organs. Like other chronic diseases, aging phenomenon occurs in that; which led to decrease cellular and tissue telomere length. This article demonstrates shorter telomere length in Iranian sarcoidosis patients compared to normal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Afshar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hazrate Rasoole Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Abedini
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Nadji
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Makan Sadr
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arda Kiani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Alizadeh
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Javadi
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lee JW, Kim JS, Lee HJ, Jang JH, Kim JH, Sim WJ, Lim YB, Jung JW, Lim HJ. Age and Gender Effects on Genotoxicity in Diesel Exhaust Particles Exposed C57BL/6 Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:374. [PMID: 33801497 PMCID: PMC7998454 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the accumulation of DNA damage induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is an underlying mechanism of pulmonary disease onset and progression. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence on whether common factors (age, gender) affect PM2.5 induced genomic damage. Here, we assessed the DNA damage potency of PM2.5 using conventional genotoxicity testing in old male and female mice aged 8 and 40 weeks. Mice were intratracheally instilled with diesel exhaust PM2.5 (DEP, NIST SRM 1650b), twice a week for 4 weeks. Exposure to DEP was not associated with an increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and did not induce a systemic genotoxic effect in the bone marrow. Meanwhile, the results from the comet assay showed a significant increase in DNA damage in DEP exposed mouse lung specimens. The positive relationship between DEP exposure and DNA damage is stronger in the older than in the younger group. Statistical analysis showed that there was a modifying effect of age on the association between PM2.5 exposure and DNA damage. Our results suggest that the age factor should be considered to better understand the cellular adverse effects of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Won Lee
- Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungju 28159, Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.J.L.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jin Sik Kim
- GLP Center 1, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Korea; (J.S.K.); (J.-H.K.); (W.J.S.)
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungju 28159, Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.J.L.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Ji-Hye Jang
- Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungju 28159, Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.J.L.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Ja-Hyun Kim
- GLP Center 1, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Korea; (J.S.K.); (J.-H.K.); (W.J.S.)
| | - Woo Jong Sim
- GLP Center 1, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Korea; (J.S.K.); (J.-H.K.); (W.J.S.)
| | - Yong-beom Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungju 28159, Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.J.L.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Hyun Joung Lim
- Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungju 28159, Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.J.L.); (J.-H.J.)
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PCK1 Deficiency Shortens the Replicative Lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Upregulation of PFK1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3858465. [PMID: 32104690 PMCID: PMC7037958 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3858465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic isozyme of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) was the first rate-limiting enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway, which exerted a critical role in maintaining the blood glucose levels. PCK1 has been established to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, diabetes, and tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the association of PCK1 with aging process and the detailed underlying mechanisms of PCK1 on aging are still far to be elucidated. Hence, we herein constructed the PCK1-deficient (pck1Δ) and PCK1 overexpression (PCK1 OE) Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results unveiled that PCK1 deficiency significantly shortened the replicative lifespan (RLS) in the S. cerevisiae, while overexpression of PCK1 prolonged the RLS. Additionally, we noted that the ROS level was significantly enhanced in PCK1-deficient strain and decreased in PCK1 OE strain. Then, a high throughput analysis by deep sequencing was performed in the pck1Δ and wild-type strains, in an attempt to shed light on the effect of PCK1 on the lifespan of aging process. The data showed that the most downregulated mRNAs were enriched in the regulatory pathways of glucose metabolism. Fascinatingly, among the differentially expressed mRNAs, PFK1 was one of the most upregulated genes, which was involved in the glycolysis process and ROS generation. Thus, we further constructed the pfk1Δpck1Δ strain by deletion of PFK1 in the PCK1-deficient strain. The results unraveled that pfk1Δpck1Δ strain significantly suppressed the ROS level and restored the RLS of pck1Δ strain. Taken together, our data suggested that PCK1 deficiency enhanced the ROS level and shortened the RLS of S. cerevisiae via PFK1.
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14
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Liu JP. Aging mechanisms and intervention targets. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 44 Suppl 1:3-8. [PMID: 29178613 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Premature aging occurs frequently to various tissues and organs resulting in the tissue-specific chronic diseases. The mechanisms of tissue-specific premature aging are largely unknown. In response to environmental cues, aging may originate from cytoplasm or the nucleus of a cell with cytoplasm aging in association with organelle degeneration in terminally differentiated cells and nuclear aging with dysfunctional telomeres and irreversible cell cycle arrest in stem and cancer cells. Either cytoplasm aging or nuclear aging may cause extracellular senescence-associated low-grade inflammation to spread aging. Referring to the recent findings in this special issue of Healthy Aging in CEPP and beyond, we describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms of physiological aging and tissue-specific pathological aging in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Liu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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15
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Rožman P. How Could We Slow or Reverse the Human Aging Process and Extend the Healthy Life Span with Heterochronous Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 23:159-170. [PMID: 31203790 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence of the immune system contributes considerably to the age-related diseases that are the main causes of death after the age of 65. In this study, we present an appealing option for the prevention of immune senescence and slowing or reversing the aging process, which can be achieved by heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haHSCT), where healthy autologous bone marrow stem cells are collected from donors while young, cryopreserved and stored for a long period, and reinfused at a later time when indicated. After reinfusion and homing, these young HSCs could participate in normal hemato- and immunopoiesis and improve several immune functions by expanding the immune- as well as hematopoietic cell repertoire. Several animal studies have already confirmed the feasibility of this procedure, which extended the longevity of the treated animals. If translated to human medicine, haHSCT could prevent or mitigate age-related immune defects and extend the healthy life span. In this review, we describe the concept of haHSCT, recent studies that confirm its feasibility, and discuss the further research needed to translate this heterochronous methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Rožman
- Immunohaematology Department, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Hosseini L, Vafaee MS, Mahmoudi J, Badalzadeh R. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide emerges as a therapeutic target in aging and ischemic conditions. Biogerontology 2019; 20:381-395. [PMID: 30838484 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has been described as central coenzyme of redox reactions and is a key regulator of stress resistance and longevity. Aging is a multifactorial and irreversible process that is characterized by a gradual diminution in physiological functions in an organism over time, leading to development of age-associated pathologies and eventually increasing the probability of death. Ischemia is the lack of nutritive blood flow that causes damage and mortality that mostly occurs in various organs during aging. During the process of aging and related ischemic conditions, NAD+ levels decline and lead to nuclear and mitochondrial dysfunctions, resulting in age-related pathologies. The majority of studies have shown that restoring of NAD+ using supplementation with intermediates such as nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside can be a valuable strategy for recovery of ischemic injury and age-associated defects. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduction in NAD+ levels during ischemic disorders and aging, as well as a particular focus is given to the recent progress in the understanding of NAD+ precursor's effects on aging and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Drug Applied Research Center, Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr S Vafaee
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Gutmajster E, Chudek J, Augusciak-Duma A, Szwed M, Szybalska A, Mossakowska M, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Wiecek A, Sieron AL. Possible association of the TERT promoter polymorphisms rs2735940, rs7712562 and rs2853669 with diabetes mellitus in obese elderly Polish population: results from the national PolSenior study. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:291-299. [PMID: 29938393 PMCID: PMC6060992 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the markers of aging is lymphocyte telomere length (LTL), which is affected by genetic constitution of the organism and environmental conditions, such as development and diseases, including diabetes. The relationship of the later seems to be bilateral. The enzyme responsible for the maintenance of telomere length is a subunit of telomerase-telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). The aims of the present study were to (1) determine the influence of the TERT promoter sequence SNP variants on relative telomere length (RTL) in an elderly Polish population and (2) explore the potential associations of the SNPs with the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the obese individuals. Two highly homogenous subgroups of PolSenior participants were investigated, the first constituted 70 relatively healthy respondents and the second 70 individuals with T2DM. Telomere length ratio (T/S value) was measured; 1.5 kb part upstream of the transcription start site of the TERT promoter was sequenced, and the frequencies of polymorphisms were calculated and compared against analysed data. Low-frequency SNPs were evaluated but excluded from further comparative analyses to RTL and glucose metabolism markers. No significant difference in telomere length was found between the two studied subgroups. Univariate statistical analyses showed only a weak association of environmental or genetic factors altering this marker of aging. Approximate frequency of four SNPs in TERT promoter sequence was assessed in Polish population aged 65-95 years, but three of them (rs2735940, rs7712562 and rs2853669) were selected for further analyses. The SNP selection was based on their minor allele frequencies in general population and on published data. The univariate analysis has revealed that carriers of CC SNP (rs2853669) have had the shortest RTL in the T2DM group. Multivariate analysis has also revealed that the genetic effect of TERT promoter CC SNP was strengthened by the incidence of T2DM. The additional variation in RTL in paired groups indicates that in addition to T2DM and genetics, there are other factors contributing to development of the age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gutmajster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 18 Medykow Street, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-027, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Augusciak-Duma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 18 Medykow Street, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Szwed
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander L Sieron
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 18 Medykow Street, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
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18
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Rožman P. The potential of non-myeloablative heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for extending a healthy life span. GeroScience 2018; 40:221-242. [PMID: 29948868 PMCID: PMC6060192 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex multifactorial process, a prominent component being the senescence of the immune system. Consequently, immune-related diseases develop, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and life-threatening infections, which impact on health and longevity. Rejuvenating the aged immune system could mitigate these diseases, thereby contributing to longevity and health. Currently, an appealing option for rejuvenating the immune system is heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haHSCT), where healthy autologous bone marrow/peripheral blood stem cells are collected during the youth of an individual, cryopreserved, and re-infused when he or she has reached an older age. After infusion, young hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the compromised immune system and improve immune function. Several studies using animal models have achieved substantial extension of the life span of animals treated with haHSCT. Therefore, haHSCT could be regarded as a potential procedure for preventing age-related immune defects and extending healthy longevity. In this review, the pros, cons, and future feasibility of this approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Rožman
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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19
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Connor KM, Hsu Y, Aggarwal PK, Capone S, Colombo AR, Ramsingh G. Understanding metabolic changes in aging bone marrow. Exp Hematol Oncol 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29796337 PMCID: PMC5966925 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-018-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is associated with complex molecular alterations at the cellular level. Bone marrow exhibits distinct phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic alterations with aging. Metabolic changes in the bone marrow related to aging have not been studied. Methods In this study, we characterized the metabolome and transcriptome of aging murine bone marrow and compared it with bone marrow from young healthy mice and chemotherapy treated mice; chemotherapy treatment is known to induce age-related changes in hematopoiesis. Results The metabolome of the aging bone marrow exhibited a signature of suppressed fatty-acid oxidation: accumulation of free fatty acids, reduced acyl-carnitines and low β-hydroxy butyric acid. The aged bone marrow also exhibited a significant reduction in amino acid and nucleic acid pool. The transcriptome of the aging bone marrow revealed a signature of oxidative stress, known to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, the metabolic and transcriptomic profiles of the bone marrow of chemotherapy treated mice did not show broad age-related changes but rather mostly resembled young healthy mice, suggestive of a lack of ‘metabolic aging’ with chemotherapy exposure. Conclusion Our results revealed broad changes in lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides in aging marrow tissue. Together, these data provide a rich resource for the study of metabolic changes associated with aging in bone marrow. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40164-018-0105-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwasi M Connor
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.,2Department of Biology, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA
| | - Young Hsu
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Pardeep Kumar Aggarwal
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Stephen Capone
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Anthony R Colombo
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Giridharan Ramsingh
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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20
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Brain Mitochondria, Aging, and Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050250. [PMID: 29751692 PMCID: PMC5977190 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reconsiders the role of mitochondria in aging and in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). The most important risk factor for PD is aging. Alterations in mitochondrial activity are typical of aging. Mitochondrial aging is characterized by decreased oxidative phosphorylation, proteasome activity decrease, altered autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Beyond declined oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction consists of a decline of beta-oxidation as well as of the Krebs cycle. Not inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are acquired over time and parallel the decrease in oxidative phosphorylation. Many of these mitochondrial alterations are also found in the PD brain specifically in the substantia nigra (SN). mtDNA deletions and development of respiratory chain deficiency in SN neurons of aged individuals as well as of individuals with PD converge towards a shared pathway, which leads to neuronal dysfunction and death. Finally, several nuclear genes that are mutated in hereditary PD are usually implicated in mitochondrial functioning to a various extent and their mutation may cause mitochondrial impairment. In conclusion, a tight link exists between mitochondria, aging, and PD.
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21
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Rollings N, Uhrig EJ, Krohmer RW, Waye HL, Mason RT, Olsson M, Whittington CM, Friesen CR. Age-related sex differences in body condition and telomere dynamics of red-sided garter snakes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2146. [PMID: 28381620 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history strategies vary dramatically between the sexes, which may drive divergence in sex-specific senescence and mortality rates. Telomeres are tandem nucleotide repeats that protect the ends of chromosomes from erosion during cell division. Telomeres have been implicated in senescence and mortality because they tend to shorten with stress, growth and age. We investigated age-specific telomere length in female and male red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis We hypothesized that age-specific telomere length would differ between males and females given their divergent reproductive strategies. Male garter snakes emerge from hibernation with high levels of corticosterone, which facilitates energy mobilization to fuel mate-searching, courtship and mating behaviours during a two to four week aphagous breeding period at the den site. Conversely, females remain at the dens for only about 4 days and seem to invest more energy in growth and cellular maintenance, as they usually reproduce biennially. As male investment in reproduction involves a yearly bout of physiologically stressful activities, while females prioritize self-maintenance, we predicted male snakes would experience more age-specific telomere loss than females. We investigated this prediction using skeletochronology to determine the ages of individuals and qPCR to determine telomere length in a cross-sectional study. For both sexes, telomere length was positively related to body condition. Telomere length decreased with age in male garter snakes, but remained stable in female snakes. There was no correlation between telomere length and growth in either sex, suggesting that our results are a consequence of divergent selection on life histories of males and females. Different selection on the sexes may be the physiological consequence of the sexual dimorphism and mating system dynamics displayed by this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rollings
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Emily J Uhrig
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Randolph W Krohmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather L Waye
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Robert T Mason
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla M Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher R Friesen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), New South Wales 2006, Australia
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22
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Sas K, Szabó E, Vécsei L. Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and the Kynurenine System, with a Focus on Ageing and Neuroprotection. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010191. [PMID: 29342113 PMCID: PMC6017505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the potential causes of ageing are discussed. We seek to gain insight into the main physiological functions of mitochondria and discuss alterations in their function and the genome, which are supposed to be the central mechanisms in senescence. We conclude by presenting the potential modulating role of the kynurenine pathway in the ageing processes. Mitochondrial dynamics are supposed to have important physiological roles in maintaining cell homeostasis. During ageing, a decrease in mitochondrial dynamics was reported, potentially compromising the function of mitochondria. Mitochondrial biogenesis not only encompasses mitochondrial dynamics, but also the regulation of transcription and translation of genes, and mitochondria are supposed to play a prominent role in cell death during senescence. Defects in the mtDNA replication machinery and failure in the repair of mtDNA might result in the accumulation of mutations, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic failure of the cell. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ageing processes is widely acknowledged. Exaggerated oxidative damage to mDNA is supposed to take place during senescence, including single-nucleotide base alterations, nucleotide base pair alterations, chain breaks and cross linkage. A broad repertoire for the repair of DNA faults has evolved, but they do not function efficiently during senescence. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an enzyme that assists in DNA repair, i.e., it participates in the repair of single-stranded DNA nicks, initiating base excision repair (BER). In the case of extensive DNA damage, PARP-1 becomes overactivated and rapidly depletes the intracellular NAD+ and ATP pools. This results in a profound energy loss of the cell and leads to cell dysfunction, or even cell death. Alterations in the kynurenine system have been linked with ageing processes and several age-related disorders. The kynurenine pathway degrades tryptophan (TRP) to several metabolites, among others kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN). The end product of the route is NAD+. The first metabolic reaction is mediated by TRP-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) or indolamine-2,3-dioxygenases (IDO), the latter being induced by inflammation, and it is thought to have a significant role in several disorders and in ageing. Research is currently focusing on the KYN pathway, since several intermediates possess neuro- and immunoactive properties, and hence are capable of modulating the activity of certain brain cells and inflammatory responses. During ageing, and in many age-associated disorders like obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and neurodegenerative diseases, low-grade, sustained inflammation and upregulation of IDO have been reported. However, TRP downstream catabolites create a negative feedback loop by weakening the activated immune system through several actions, including a decline in the Th1 response and an enhancement of Th2-type processes. The broad actions of the KYN-intermediates in brain excitation/inhibition and their role in regulating immune responses may provide the possibility of modifying the pathological processes in an array of age-associated diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Sas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Elza Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
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23
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Rollings N, Friesen CR, Sudyka J, Whittington C, Giraudeau M, Wilson M, Olsson M. Telomere dynamics in a lizard with morph-specific reproductive investment and self-maintenance. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5163-5169. [PMID: 28770056 PMCID: PMC5528203 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres in human fibroblasts shorten progressively during in vitro culturing and trigger replicative senescence. Furthermore, shortened telomeres can be used as biomarkers of disease. These observations have led to the suggestion that telomere dynamics may also be associated with viability and selection for life history variation in non‐human taxa. Model systems to examine this suggestion would particularly benefit from the coexistence of multiple phenotypes within the same species with different life history trade‐offs, since those could be compared in terms of telomere characteristics. This scenario also provokes the classic question of why one morph does not have marginally higher fitness and replaces the others. One explanation is that different morphs have different reproductive tactics with equal relative fitness. In Australian painted dragons (Ctenophorus pictus), males differ in head color, the presence or absence of a gular bib, and reproductive expenditure. Red males out‐compete yellow males in dominance contests, while yellow males copulate quickly and have higher success in sperm competition than red males. Males with bibs better defend partners against rival matings, at the cost of loss of body condition. We show that yellow‐headed and bib‐less males have longer telomeres than red, blue and bibbed males, suggesting that telomere length is positively associated with higher investment into self‐maintenance and less reproductive expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rollings
- School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Joanna Sudyka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | | | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Mark Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia
| | - Mats Olsson
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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24
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Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying outer retinal diseases. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:66-76. [PMID: 28365408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or both contribute to the initiation and progression of several outer retinal disorders. Disrupted Müller glia function might additionally subsidize to these diseases. Mitochondrial malfunctioning is importantly associated with outer retina pathologies, which can be classified as primary and secondary mitochondrial disorders. This review highlights the importance of oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA damage, underlying outer retinal disorders. Indeed, the metabolically active photoreceptors/RPE are highly prone to these hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating that mitochondria represent a weak link in the antioxidant defenses of outer retinal cells.
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25
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Wu Y, Yan M, Li J, Li J, Chen Z, Chen P, Li B, Chen F, Jin T, Chen C. Genetic polymorphisms in TERT are associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10523-10530. [PMID: 28060765 PMCID: PMC5354677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TERT may be associated with susceptibility to esophageal cancer. In this study, we analyzed the association between TERT SNPs and risk of esophageal cancer in 386 esophageal cancer patients and 495 healthy subjects from the Xi'an area of China. Of the four SNPs examined, rs10069690 and rs2242652 were correlated with esophageal cancer risk. Additionally, after adjusting for age and gender, the "Trs10069690Ars2242652", "Trs10069690Grs2242652" haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer, while the and "Crs10069690Grs2242652" haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer. These findings suggest that TERT polymorphisms may contribute to the development of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Mengdan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Xi’an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Xi’an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Xi’an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Zhengshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Xi’an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Xi’an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
- Institution of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Xi’an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Xi’an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Liu JP, Li J, Lu Y, Wang L, Chen G. Impulse control disorder, lysosomal malfunction and ATP13A2 insufficiency in Parkinsonism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 44:172-179. [PMID: 27997702 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal transport of cargos in neurons is essential for neuronal proteostasis, transmission and functional motors and behaviours. Lysosomal malfunction including storage disorders is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Given the unclear molecular mechanisms of diverse defects in PD phenotypes, especially behavioural deficits, this mini review explores the cellular contexts of PD impulse control disorders and the molecular aspects of lysosomal cross-membrane transports. Focuses are paid to trace metal involvements in α-synuclein assembly in Lewy bodies, the functions and molecular interactions of ATP13A2 as ATPase transporters in lysosomal membranes for cross-membrane trafficking and lysosomal homeostasis, and our current understandings of the neural circuits in ICD. Erroneously polarized distributions of cargos such as metals and lipids on each side of lysosomal membranes triggered by gene mutations and deregulated expression of ATP13A2 may thus instigate sensing protein structural changes such as aggregations, organelle degeneration, and specific neuronal ageing and death in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Liu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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27
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CEDIKOVA M, PITULE P, KRIPNEROVA M, MARKOVA M, KUNCOVA J. Multiple Roles of Mitochondria in Aging Processes. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S519-S531. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. According to mitochondrial theory of aging, mitochondrial dysfunction is widely considered a major contributor to age-related processes. Mitochondria are both the main source and targets of detrimental reactions initiated in association with age-dependent deterioration of the cellular functions. Reactions leading to increased reactive oxygen species generation, mtDNA mutations, and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins result in subsequent induction of apoptotic events, impaired oxidative phosphorylation capacity, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and autophagy. This review summarizes the major changes of mitochondria related to aging, with emphasis on mitochondrial DNA mutations, the role of the reactive oxygen species, and structural and functional changes of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. KUNCOVA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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28
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González-Giraldo Y, Forero DA, Echeverria V, Gonzalez J, Ávila-Rodriguez M, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Neuroprotective effects of the catalytic subunit of telomerase: A potential therapeutic target in the central nervous system. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:37-45. [PMID: 27095058 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescence plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and involves key molecular changes induced by several mechanisms such as oxidative stress, telomere shortening and DNA damage. Potential therapeutic strategies directed to counteract these molecular changes are of great interest for the prevention of the neurodegenerative process. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein composed of a catalytic subunit (TERT) and a RNA subunit (TERC). It is known that the telomerase is involved in the maintenance of telomere length and is a highly expressed protein in embryonic stages and decreases in adult cells. In the last decade, a growing number of studies have shown that TERT has neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models after a brain injury. Significantly, differences in TERT expression between controls and patients with major depressive disorder have been observed. More recently, TERT has been associated with the decrease in reactive oxygen species and DNA protection in mitochondria of neurons. In this review, we highlight the role of TERT in some neurodegenerative disorders and discuss some studies focusing on this protein as a potential target for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Janneth Gonzalez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | | | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
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29
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Liu JP, Chen R. Stressed SIRT7: facing a crossroad of senescence and immortality. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:567-9. [PMID: 25970806 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SIRT7 with coenzyme NAD catalyzes protein de-acetylation. In stress response, SIRT7 regulates protein folding in mitochondria with unknown mechanisms. Decreases in SIRT7 entrain hematopoietic stem cell senescence, but increasing SIRT7 causes elevation of hematopoietic stem cell regenerative function. We discuss the recent findings on SIRT7 and its binding proteins, NRF1 and GABPβ1, in decision making between the choices of inducing cell aging and immortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Immunology of Monash University, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ruping Chen
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Kálmán S, Garbett KA, Janka Z, Mirnics K. Human dermal fibroblasts in psychiatry research. Neuroscience 2016; 320:105-21. [PMID: 26855193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to decipher the disease etiology, progression and treatment of multifactorial human brain diseases we utilize a host of different experimental models. Recently, patient-derived human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures have re-emerged as promising in vitro functional system for examining various cellular, molecular, metabolic and (patho)physiological states and traits of psychiatric disorders. HDF studies serve as a powerful complement to postmortem and animal studies, and often appear to be informative about the altered homeostasis in neural tissue. Studies of HDFs from patients with schizophrenia (SZ), depression, bipolar disorder (BD), autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric disorders have significantly advanced our understanding of these devastating diseases. These reports unequivocally prove that signal transduction, redox homeostasis, circadian rhythms and gene*environment (G*E) interactions are all amenable for assessment by the HDF model. Furthermore, the reported findings suggest that this underutilized patient biomaterial, combined with modern molecular biology techniques, may have both diagnostic and prognostic value, including prediction of response to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kálmán
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary.
| | - K A Garbett
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 8128 MRB III, 465 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Z Janka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary.
| | - K Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 8128 MRB III, 465 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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31
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Rodriguez M, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Morales I, Sanchez A, Sabate M. Parkinson's disease as a result of aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:293-308. [PMID: 25677794 PMCID: PMC4406659 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally considered that Parkinson's disease is induced by specific agents that degenerate a clearly defined population of dopaminergic neurons. Data commented in this review suggest that this assumption is not as clear as is often thought and that aging may be critical for Parkinson's disease. Neurons degenerating in Parkinson's disease also degenerate in normal aging, and the different agents involved in the etiology of this illness are also involved in aging. Senescence is a wider phenomenon affecting cells all over the body, whereas Parkinson's disease seems to be restricted to certain brain centers and cell populations. However, reviewed data suggest that Parkinson's disease may be a local expression of aging on cell populations which, by their characteristics (high number of synaptic terminals and mitochondria, unmyelinated axons, etc.), are highly vulnerable to the agents promoting aging. The development of new knowledge about Parkinson's disease could be accelerated if the research on aging and Parkinson's disease were planned together, and the perspective provided by gerontology gains relevance in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)La Laguna, Spain
| | - Clara Rodriguez-Sabate
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)La Laguna, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| | - Magdalena Sabate
- Rehabilitation Service, Department of Pharmacology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
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32
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Verde Z, Reinoso-Barbero L, Chicharro L, Resano P, Sánchez-Hernández I, Rodríguez González-Moro JM, Bandrés F, Gómez-Gallego F, Santiago C. The Effect of Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes and Carcinogen Metabolizers on Leukocyte Telomere Length: A Cohort of Healthy Spanish Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:447-52. [PMID: 25987675 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking implies exposure to carcinogenic agents that causes DNA damage, which could be suspected to enhance telomere attrition. To protect and deal with DNA damage, cells possess mechanisms that repair and neutralize harmful substances. Polymorphisms altering DNA repair capacity or carcinogen metabolism may lead to synergistic effects with tobacco carcinogen-induced shorter telomere length independently of cancer interaction. The aim of this study was to explore the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and several genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and carcinogen metabolizers in a cohort of healthy smokers. METHODS We evaluated the effect of six genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P1A1 (Ile462Val), XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), APEX1 (Asp148Glu), XRCC3 (Thr241Met), and XPD (Asp312Asn; Lys751Gln) on LTL in a cohort of 145 healthy smokers in addition to smoking habits. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed an association between XRCC1 399Gln allele and shorter telomere length (OR = 5.03, 95% CI = 1.08% to 23.36%). There were not association between the rest of polymorphisms analyzed and LTL. CONCLUSIONS Continuous exposure to tobacco could overwhelm the DNA repair machinery, making the effect of the polymorphisms that reduce repair capacity more pronounced. Analyzing the function of smoking-induced DNA-repair genes and LTL is an important goal in order to identify therapeutic targets to treat smoking-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraida Verde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Reinoso-Barbero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain; Department of Occupational Medicine, Grupo Banco Popular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Chicharro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Resano
- Department of Neumology, Hospital Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Bandrés
- Department of Toxicology and Health Sanitary, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Catalina Santiago
- School of Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The mini-review stemmed from a recent meeting on national aging research strategies in China discusses the components and challenges of aging research in China. Highlighted are the major efforts of a number of research teams, funding situations and outstanding examples of recent major research achievements. Finally, authors discuss potential targets and strategies of aging research in China.
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34
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Liu J, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Wang J, Wang Z. Convergence and divergence of genetic and modular networks between diabetes and breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1094-102. [PMID: 25752479 PMCID: PMC4420611 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and breast cancer (BC) can simultaneously occur in the same patient populations, but the molecular relationship between them remains unknown. In this study, we constructed genetic networks and used modularized analysis approaches to investigate the multi-dimensional characteristics of two diseases and one disease subtype. A text search engine (Agilent Literature Search 2.71) and MCODE software were applied to validate potential subnetworks and to divide the modules, respectively. A total of 793 DM-related genes, 386 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) genes and 873 BC-related genes were identified from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. For DM and BC, a total of 99 overlapping genes, 9 modules, 29 biological processes and 7 pathways were identified. Meanwhile, for T2DM and BC, 56 overlapping genes, 5 modules, 20 biological processes and 12 pathways were identified. Based on the Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis of the top 10 non-overlapping modules of the two diseases, 10 biological functions and 5 pathways overlapped between them. The glycosphingolipid and lysosome pathways verified molecular mechanisms of cell death related to both DM and BC. We also identified new biological functions of dopamine receptors and four signalling pathways (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and long-term depression) related to both diseases; these warrant further investigation. Our results illustrate the landscape of the novel molecular substructures between DM and BC, which may support a new model for complex disease classification and rational therapies for multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Kelleher AR, Pereira SL, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. REDD2 expression in rat skeletal muscle correlates with nutrient-induced activation of mTORC1: responses to aging, immobilization, and remobilization. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E122-9. [PMID: 25406262 PMCID: PMC4297780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00341.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study (Kelleher AR, Kimball SR, Dennis MD, Schilder RJ, and Jefferson LS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304: E229-236, 2013.), we observed a rapid (i.e., 1-3 days) immobilization-induced repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in hindlimb skeletal muscle of young (2-mo-old) rats that was associated with elevated expression of regulated in development and DNA-damage response (REDD) 1 and REDD2. The present study extends that observation to include an assessment of those parameters in soleus muscle of the immobilized hindlimb of various-aged rats as well as in response to remobilization. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2, 9, and 18 mo were subjected to unilateral hindlimb immobilization for 7 days, whereas one group of the 9-mo-old animals underwent 7 days of remobilization. Soleus muscle mass-to-body mass ratio declined with age, with the loss of muscle mass following hindlimb immobilization being inversely proportional to age. Compared with 2-mo-old rats, the older rats exhibited reduced mTORC1 signaling in the nonimmobilized limb in association with elevated REDD2, but not REDD1, mRNA expression. In the 2-mo-old rats, 7 days of hindlimb immobilization attenuated mTORC1 signaling and induced REDD2, but not REDD1, mRNA expression. In contrast, hindlimb immobilization did not further attenuate the age-related reduction in mTORC1 signaling nor further enhance the age-related induction of REDD2 mRNA expression in 9- and 18-mo-old rats. Across ages, REDD1 mRNA was not impacted by immobilization. Finally, remobilization elevated mTORC1 signaling and lowered REDD2 mRNA expression, with no impact on REDD1 gene expression. In conclusion, changes in mTORC1 signaling associated with aging, immobilization, and remobilization were inversely proportional to alterations in REDD2 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Kelleher
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Leonard S Jefferson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
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36
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Zhang K, Chen C, Liu Y, Chen H, Liu JP. Cellular senescence occurred widespread to multiple selective sites in the fetal tissues and organs of mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:965-75. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexiong Zhang
- Institute of Aging Research; Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Chengshu Chen
- Institute of Aging Research; Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Aging Research; Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Aging Research; Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Aging Research; Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Department of Immunology; Central Eastern Clinical School, Monash University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Monash Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Vic. Australia
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37
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Rodriguez M, Morales I, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Sanchez A, Castro R, Brito JM, Sabate M. The degeneration and replacement of dopamine cells in Parkinson's disease: the role of aging. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:80. [PMID: 25147507 PMCID: PMC4124707 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Available data show marked similarities for the degeneration of dopamine cells in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and aging. The etio-pathogenic agents involved are very similar in both cases, and include free radicals, different mitochondrial disturbances, alterations of the mitophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Proteins involved in PD such as α-synuclein, UCH-L1, PINK1 or DJ-1, are also involved in aging. The anomalous behavior of astrocytes, microglia and stem cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ) also changes similarly in aging brains and PD. Present data suggest that PD could be the expression of aging on a cell population with high vulnerability to aging. The future knowledge of mechanisms involved in aging could be critical for both understanding the etiology of PD and developing etiologic treatments to prevent the onset of this neurodegenerative illness and to control its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain ; Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain ; Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Rodriguez-Sabate
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rafael Castro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Brito
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Magdalena Sabate
- Rehabilitation Service, Department of Physical Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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