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Oglio R, Rodriguez C, Salvarredi L, Rossich L, Perona M, Dagrosa A, Juvenal G, Thomasz L. Selenium bioavailability modulates the sensitivity of thyroid cells to iodide excess. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110810. [PMID: 38013145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iodide is an essential micronutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and its imbalance is involved in the origin of different thyroid pathological processes. Selenium (Se) is another essential trace element that contributes to thyroid preservation through the control of the redox homeostasis. Different studies have demonstrated that sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) is downregulated in the presence of iodide excess and Se supplementation reverses this effect. We also demonstrated that NOX4-derived ROS are involved in NIS repression induced by iodide excess. The aim of this study was to investigate how Se bioavailability is decisive in the sensitivity to iodide excess on a differentiated rat thyroid cell line (FRTL-5). RESULTS We demonstrated that siRNA-mediated silencing of Nox4 suppressed AKT phosphorylation induced by iodide excess. Iodide increases TGF-β1 mRNA expression, AKT phosphorylation, ROS levels and decreases GPX1 and TXRND1 mRNAs expression while Se reversed these effects. Furthermore, iodide induced Nrf2 transcriptional activity only in Se-supplemented cultures, suggesting that Se positively influences Nrf2 activation and selenoenzyme response in FRTL-5. Se, also inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation induced by iodide excess. In addition, we found that iodide excess decreased total phosphatase activity and PTP1B and PTEN mRNA expression. Se supply restored only PTEN mRNA expression. Finally, we studied the 2-α-iodohexadecanal (2-IHD) effects since it has been proposed as intermediary of iodide action on thyroid autoregulation. 2-IHD stimulated PI3K/AKT activity and reduced NIS expression by a ROS-independent mechanism. Also, we found that 2-IHD increased TGF-β1 mRNA and TGF-β inhibitor (SB431542) reverses the 2-IHD inhibitory effect on NIS mRNA expression, suggesting that TGF-β1 signaling pathway could be involved. Although Se reduced 2-IHD-induced TGFB1 levels, it could not reverse its inhibitory effect on NIS expression. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that Se bioavailability may improve the expression of antioxidant genes through the activation of Nrf2, interfere in PI3K/AKT signaling and NIS expression by redox modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Oglio
- Nuclear Biochemistry Division, Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Rodriguez
- Nuclear Biochemistry Division, Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Salvarredi
- FUESMEN, Mendoza, Argentina; Balseiro Institute, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Luciano Rossich
- Nuclear Biochemistry Division, Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Perona
- Nuclear Biochemistry Division, Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Dagrosa
- Nuclear Biochemistry Division, Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Juvenal
- Nuclear Biochemistry Division, Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisa Thomasz
- Nuclear Biochemistry Division, Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Okamura K, Sato K, Fujikawa M, Bandai S, Ikenoue H, Kitazono T. Painless thyroiditis mimicking relapse of hyperthyroidism during or after potassium iodide or thionamide therapy for Graves' disease resulting in remission. Endocr J 2023; 70:207-222. [PMID: 36351595 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of painless thyroiditis (PT) during antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment of Graves' disease (GD) is difficult. We evaluated the thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) in 100 patients with relapsed thyrotoxicosis during or after careful ATD treatment. The RAIU was <5%/5 h in 35 patients (35%) (Group A - PT), 5%-15%/5 h in 6 patients (6%) (Group B - indefinite) and >15%/5 h in 59 patients (59%) (Group C - relapsed GD [rGD]). TSH receptor antibody (TBII) was positive in 4 (11.4%), 3 (50.0%) and 39 (only 66.1%) patients in Groups A, B and C, respectively. In Group A, the serum fT4 level spontaneously normalized after 35 (26-56) days, sometimes followed by transient hypothyroidism, confirming the diagnosis of PT. Nineteen (54.3%) had been treated with potassium iodide, and PT frequently occurred ironically when the ATD dosage was reduced. PT repeatedly occurred in nine patients. All went into remission smoothly or developed hypothyroidism, except one patient with strongly positive TBII who developed rGD after the resolution of PT (PT on GD). In 10 (50%) of 20 patients with negative TBII despite rGD in Group C, TBII became positive afterwards. In conclusion, it is important to recognize that PT can occur in the clinical course of GD, resulting in frequent remission despite relapse of PT. The thyroid function reflects the balance between the stimulating TBII activity and the responsiveness of the thyroid tissue (sometimes unresponsive and other times autostimulated). The RAIU is still a valuable tool in cases of ambiguous thyrotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Fujikawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiko Bandai
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikenoue
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Bisphenols as Environmental Triggers of Thyroid Dysfunction: Clues and Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082654. [PMID: 32294918 PMCID: PMC7216215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs), and especially bisphenol A (BPA), are known endocrine disruptors (EDCs), capable of interfering with estrogen and androgen activities, as well as being suspected of other health outcomes. Given the crucial role of thyroid hormones and the increasing incidence of thyroid carcinoma in the last few decades, this review analyzes the effects of BPS on the thyroid, considering original research in vitro, in vivo, and in humans published from January 2000 to October 2019. Both in vitro and in vivo studies reported the ability of BPs to disrupt thyroid function through multiple mechanisms. The antagonism with thyroid receptors (TRs), which affects TR-mediated transcriptional activity, the direct action of BPs on gene expression at the thyroid and the pituitary level, the competitive binding with thyroid transport proteins, and the induction of toxicity in several cell lines are likely the main mechanisms leading to thyroid dysfunction. In humans, results are more contradictory, though some evidence suggests the potential of BPs in increasing the risk of thyroid nodules. A standardized methodology in toxicological studies and prospective epidemiological studies with individual exposure assessments are warranted to evaluate the pathophysiology resulting in the damage and to establish the temporal relationship between markers of exposure and long-term effects.
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Mohammed ET, Hashem KS, Ahmed AE, Aly MT, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. Ginger extract ameliorates bisphenol A (BPA)-induced disruption in thyroid hormones synthesis and metabolism: Involvement of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134664. [PMID: 31757552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to BPA is alarming because of the potential health threats for example those concerning the thyroid glands which may show signs of oxidative stress. This original study aimed to investigate the possible antioxidant protective effects of ginger extract (GE) against BPA-induced thyroid injury in male rats, focusing on its effect on Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling and thyroid hormone synthesis regulating genes. The cascade of events in thyroid injury induced by chronic exposure to BPA (200 mg/kg b.w/day for 35 days) involved a preliminary overproduction of ROS followed by significant (p ≤ 0.05) depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as well as significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. These actions consequently down-regulate the Nrf-2/HO-I signaling which eventually resulting in the DNA fragmentation within the thyroid tissues. Moreover, BPA administration caused a reduction of thyroid iodide uptake evidenced by significant inhibitions (p ≤ 0.05) of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) mRNA expressions within the thyroid glands. A subsequent significant decreased serum levels of T3 and T4 accompanied by a significantly increased serum TSH level were also detected. These findings were confirmed by the severe pathological changes detected in the thyroid tissue of BPA treated rats. These biochemical and histological alterations were significantly alleviated with ginger administration (250 mg/kg b.w/day for 35 days) plus BPA. In conclusion, ginger extract is a potent antioxidant that can effectively protect against BPA-induced thyroid oxidative damage by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 gene expressions and enhancing the thyroid hormones synthesis. This is the first study to show the contribution of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway to the protective effect of ginger extract against BPA-induced thyroid oxidative damage and thyroid hormonal disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman T Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Khalid S Hashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Amr E Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tarek Aly
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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H 2O 2 Metabolism in Normal Thyroid Cells and in Thyroid Tumorigenesis: Focus on NADPH Oxidases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050126. [PMID: 31083324 PMCID: PMC6563055 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production that is utilized as an oxidative agent during the synthesis of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid H2O2 is generated by a member of the family of NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es), termed dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2). NOX/DUOX enzymes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as their unique enzymatic activity in a timely and spatially regulated manner and therefore, are important regulators of diverse physiological processes. By contrast, dysfunctional NOX/DUOX-derived ROS production is associated with pathological conditions. Inappropriate DUOX2-generated H2O2 production results in thyroid hypofunction in rodent models. Recent studies also indicate that ROS improperly released by NOX4, another member of the NOX family, are involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the current knowledge concerning the redox regulation of thyroid hormonogenesis and cancer development with a specific emphasis on the NOX and DUOX enzymes in these processes.
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da Silva MM, Xavier LLF, Gonçalves CFL, Santos-Silva AP, Paiva-Melo FD, de Freitas ML, Fortunato RS, Miranda-Alves L, Ferreira ACF. Bisphenol A increases hydrogen peroxide generation by thyrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:/journals/ec/aop/ec-18-0348.xml. [PMID: 30352396 PMCID: PMC6215800 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most common monomer in polycarbonate plastics and an endocrine disruptor. Though some effects of BPA on thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis and action have been described, the impact of this compound on thyroid H2O2 generation remains elusive. H2O2 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) which could have deleterious effect on thyrocytes if in excess. Therefore, herein we aimed at evaluating the effect of BPA exposition both in vivo and in vitro on H2O2 generation in thyrocytes, besides other essential steps for TH synthesis. Female Wistar rats were treated with vehicle (control) or BPA 40 mg/Kg BW for 15 days, by gavage. We then evaluated thyroid iodide uptake, mediated by sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), thyroperoxidase (TPO) and dual oxidase (DOUX) activities (H2O2 generation). Hydrogen peroxide generation was increased, while iodide uptake and TPO activity were reduced by BPA exposition. We have also incubated the rat thyroid cell line PCCL3 with 10-9 M BPA and evaluated Nis and Duox mRNA levels, besides H2O2 generation. Similar to that found in vivo, BPA treatment also led to increased H2O2 generation in PCCL3. Nis mRNA levels were reduced and Duox2 mRNA levels were increased in BPA-exposed cells. To evaluate the importance of oxidative stress on BPA-induced Nis reduction, PCCL3 was treated with BPA in association to n-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, which reversed the effect of BPA on Nis. Our data suggest that BPA increases ROS production in thyrocytes, what could lead to oxidative damage thus possibly predisposing to thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Lueni Lopes Felix Xavier
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Carlos Frederico Lima Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- NUMPEXCampus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Francisca Diana Paiva-Melo
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Mariana Lopes de Freitas
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Laboratory of Molecular RadiobiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- NUMPEXCampus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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