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Giampaoli O, Messi M, Merlet T, Sciubba F, Canepari S, Spagnoli M, Astolfi ML. Landfill fire impact on bee health: beneficial effect of dietary supplementation with medicinal plants and probiotics in reducing oxidative stress and metal accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31561-x. [PMID: 38158534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The honey bee is an important pollinator insect susceptible to environmental contaminants. We investigated the effects of a waste fire event on elemental content, oxidative stress, and metabolic response in bees fed different nutrients (probiotics, Quassia amara, and placebo). The level of the elements was also investigated in honey and beeswax. Our data show a general increase in elemental concentrations in all bee groups after the event; however, the administration of probiotics and Quassia amara help fight oxidative stress in bees. Significantly lower concentrations of Ni, S, and U for honey in the probiotic group and a general and significant decrease in elemental concentrations for beeswax in the probiotic group and Li in the Quassia amara group were observed after the fire waste event. The comparison of the metabolic profiles through pre- and post-event PCA analyses showed that bees treated with different feeds react differently to the environmental event. The greatest differences in metabolic profiles are observed between the placebo-fed bees compared to the others. This study can help to understand how some stress factors can affect the health of bees and to take measures to protect these precious insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Giampaoli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Messi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Merlet
- Department of Chemistry, Toulouse INP - ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St, 00015, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Spagnoli
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Hygiene, INAIL, via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Alowaifeer AM, Clingenpeel S, Kan J, Bigelow PE, Yoshinaga M, Bothner B, McDermott TR. Arsenic and Mercury Distribution in an Aquatic Food Chain: Importance of Femtoplankton and Picoplankton Filtration Fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:225-241. [PMID: 36349954 PMCID: PMC10753857 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were examined in the Yellowstone Lake food chain, focusing on two lake locations separated by approximately 20 km and differing in lake floor hydrothermal vent activity. Sampling spanned from femtoplankton to the main fish species, Yellowstone cutthroat trout and the apex predator lake trout. Mercury bioaccumulated in muscle and liver of both trout species, biomagnifying with age, whereas As decreased in older fish, which indicates differential exposure routes for these metal(loid)s. Mercury and As concentrations were higher in all food chain filter fractions (0.1-, 0.8-, and 3.0-μm filters) at the vent-associated Inflated Plain site, illustrating the impact of localized hydrothermal inputs. Femtoplankton and picoplankton size biomass (0.1- and 0.8-μm filters) accounted for 30%-70% of total Hg or As at both locations. By contrast, only approximately 4% of As and <1% of Hg were found in the 0.1-μm filtrate, indicating that comparatively little As or Hg actually exists as an ionic form or intercalated with humic compounds, a frequent assumption in freshwaters and marine waters. Ribosomal RNA (18S) gene sequencing of DNA derived from the 0.1-, 0.8-, and 3.0-μm filters showed significant eukaryote biomass in these fractions, providing a novel view of the femtoplankton and picoplankton size biomass, which assists in explaining why these fractions may contain such significant Hg and As. These results infer that femtoplankton and picoplankton metal(loid) loads represent aquatic food chain entry points that need to be accounted for and that are important for better understanding Hg and As biochemistry in aquatic systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:225-241. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Alowaifeer
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Scott Clingenpeel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Washington River Protection Solutions, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jinjun Kan
- Microbiology Department, Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia E. Bigelow
- US National Park Service, Center for Resources, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Timothy R. McDermott
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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Astolfi ML, Conti ME, Messi M, Marconi E. Probiotics as a promising prophylactic tool to reduce levels of toxic or potentially toxic elements in bees. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136261. [PMID: 36057357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bees are precious living beings for our planet. Thanks to their essential service of pollination, these insects allow the maintenance of biodiversity and the variety and amount of food available. Unfortunately, we are observing an increasingly devastating reduction of bee families and other pollinating insects for factors related to human activities, environmental pollution, diseases and parasites, compromise of natural habitats, and climate change. We show that probiotics can protect bees from element pollution. We collected bees, beeswax, honey, pollen, and propolis directly from hives in a rural area of central Italy to investigate the content of 41 elements in control (not supplemented with probiotics) and experimental (supplemented with probiotics) groups. Our data show a significantly lower concentration of some elements (Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Cu, Pb, Sn, Tl, and U) in experimental bees than in control groups, indicating a possible beneficial effect of probiotics in reducing the absorption of chemicals. This study presents the first data on element levels after probiotics have been fed to bees and provides the basis for future research in several activities relating to the environment, agriculture, economy, territory, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; CIABC, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcelo Enrique Conti
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Messi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marconi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Muhetaer M, Yang M, Xia R, Lai Y, Wu J. Gender difference in arsenic biotransformation is an important metabolic basis for arsenic toxicity. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:15. [PMID: 35227329 PMCID: PMC8883647 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic metabolism enzymes can affect the toxic effects of arsenic. However, the effects of different genders on the metabolites and metabolic enzymes in liver arsenic metabolism is still unclear. This study analyzed the gender differences of various arsenic metabolites and metabolic enzymes and further explored the effects of gender differences on arsenic metabolism in liver tissues of rats. METHODS Rats were treated with high/medium/low doses of iAs3+ or iAs5+. Liver pathological changes were observed with electron microscopy. The monomethyl aracid (MMA) and dimethyl aracid (DMA) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), arsenate respiratory reductase (ARR), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), pyruvate kinase (PK), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) SAM, ARR, NAD, PNP, PK, and MPO were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RT-qPCR was used to determine Arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT). RESULTS The iAs3+ and iAs5+ at high doses induced pathological changes in the liver, such as increased heterochromatin and lipid droplets. Compared within the same group, MMA and DMA were statistically significant in iAs3 + high, iAs3 + medium and iAs5+ low dose groups (P < 0.05). MMA of male rats in iAs3+ high and medium groups was higher than that of female rats, and the DMA of male rats was lower than that of female rats. As3MT mRNA in the male iAs3+ high group was higher than that of females. Besides, compared between male and female, only in iAS3+ low dose, iAS3+ medium dose, iAS5+ low dose, and iAS5+ medium dose groups, there was significant difference in SAM level (P < 0.05). Compared within the same group, male rats had significantly higher PNP and ARR activities while lower PK activity than female rats (P < 0.05). Between the male and female groups, only the iAS3+ high dose and medium dose group had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The NAD activity of females in iAS3+ high dose group was higher than that of males. CONCLUSION The gender differences in the arsenic metabolism enzymes may affect the biotransformation of arsenic, which may be one of the important mechanisms of arsenic toxicity of different sexes and different target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maihaba Muhetaer
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Public Health College of Xinjiang Medical University, No.567, Sunde North Road, Shuimogou District, Xinjiang, 830011, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxiang Xia
- Department of Endemic Disease Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830011, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyan Lai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Public Health College of Xinjiang Medical University, No.567, Sunde North Road, Shuimogou District, Xinjiang, 830011, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Public Health College of Xinjiang Medical University, No.567, Sunde North Road, Shuimogou District, Xinjiang, 830011, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
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Lee J, Levin DE. Differential metabolism of arsenicals regulates Fps1-mediated arsenite transport. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:212996. [PMID: 35139143 PMCID: PMC8932518 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental toxin that exists mainly as pentavalent arsenate and trivalent arsenite. Both forms activate the yeast SAPK Hog1 but with different consequences. We describe a mechanism by which cells distinguish between these arsenicals through one-step metabolism to differentially regulate the bidirectional glycerol channel Fps1, an adventitious port for arsenite. Cells exposed to arsenate reduce it to thiol-reactive arsenite, which modifies a set of cysteine residues in target proteins, whereas cells exposed to arsenite metabolize it to methylarsenite, which modifies an additional set of cysteine residues. Hog1 becomes arsenylated, which prevents it from closing Fps1. However, this block is overcome in cells exposed to arsenite through methylarsenylation of Acr3, an arsenite efflux pump that we found also regulates Fps1 directly. This adaptation allows cells to restrict arsenite entry through Fps1 and also allows its exit when produced from arsenate exposure. These results have broad implications for understanding how SAPKs activated by diverse stressors can drive stress-specific outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David E Levin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Fan X, Nie L, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Wang G, Shi K. Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and arsenite by heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification bacterium Hydrogenophaga sp. H7. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1103913. [PMID: 36938130 PMCID: PMC10020585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nitrogen and arsenic contaminants often coexist in groundwater, and microbes show the potential for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and arsenic. Here, we reported that Hydrogenophaga sp. H7 was heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HNAD) and arsenite [As(III)] oxidation bacterium. Methods The appearance of nitrogen removal and As(III) oxidation of Hydrogenophaga sp. H7 in liquid culture medium was studied. The effect of carbon source, C/N ratio, temperature, pH values, and shaking speeds were analyzed. The impact of strains H7 treatment with FeCl3 on nitrogen and As(III) in wastewater was assessed. The key pathways that participate in simultaneous nitrogen removal and As(III) oxidation was analyzed by genome and proteomic analysis. Results and discussion Strain H7 presented efficient capacities for simultaneous NH4 +-N, NO3 --N, or NO2 --N removal with As(III) oxidation during aerobic cultivation. Strikingly, the bacterial ability to remove nitrogen and oxidize As(III) has remained high across a wide range of pH values, and shaking speeds, exceeding that of the most commonly reported HNAD bacteria. Additionally, the previous HNAD strains exhibited a high denitrification efficiency, but a suboptimal concentration of nitrogen remained in the wastewater. Here, strain H7 combined with FeCl3 efficiently removed 96.14% of NH4 +-N, 99.08% of NO3 --N, and 94.68% of total nitrogen (TN), and it oxidized 100% of As(III), even at a low nitrogen concentration (35 mg/L). The residues in the wastewater still met the V of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard of China after five continuous wastewater treatment cycles. Furthermore, genome and proteomic analyses led us to propose that the shortcut nitrification-denitrification pathway and As(III) oxidase AioBA are the key pathways that participate in simultaneous nitrogen removal and As(III) oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gejiao Wang,
| | - Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gejiao Wang,
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Arun KB, Madhavan A, Sindhu R, Emmanual S, Binod P, Pugazhendhi A, Sirohi R, Reshmy R, Awasthi MK, Gnansounou E, Pandey A. Probiotics and gut microbiome - Prospects and challenges in remediating heavy metal toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126676. [PMID: 34329091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome, often referred to as "super organ", comprises up to a hundred trillion microorganisms, and the species diversity may vary from person to person. They perform a decisive role in diverse biological functions related to metabolism, immunity and neurological responses. However, the microbiome is sensitive to environmental pollutants, especially heavy metals. There is continuous interaction between heavy metals and the microbiome. Heavy metal exposure retards the growth and changes the structure of the phyla involved in the gut microbiome. Meanwhile, the gut microbiome tries to detoxify the heavy metals by altering the physiological conditions, intestinal permeability, enhancing enzymes for metabolizing heavy metals. This review summarizes the effect of heavy metals in altering the gut microbiome, the mechanism by which gut microbiota detoxifies heavy metals, diseases developed due to heavy metal-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, and the usage of probiotics along with advancements in developing improved recombinant probiotic strains for the remediation of heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Shibitha Emmanual
- Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur 680121, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690110, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, North West A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, ENAC GR-GN, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR, Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zhang Y, Chen T, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Wang X, Chang H, Mao JH, Snijders AM, Xia Y. Contribution of trace element exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus through disturbing the gut microbiome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106520. [PMID: 33774496 PMCID: PMC8638703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy gut microbiome is critical for glucose metabolism during pregnancy. In vivo studies indicate that trace element affects the composition and function of the gut microbiome and potentially leads to metabolic disorders but their relationships are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the gut microbiome plays a role in the relationship between trace element exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS In a prospective cohort study, serum levels of 22 trace elements and the fecal gut microbiome composition were assessed in 837 pregnant women in the second trimester between 22 and 24 weeks of pregnancy prior to GDM diagnosis. Regression and mediation analysis were used to explore the link between element exposure, the gut microbiome, and GDM. RESULTS 128 pregnant women (15.3%) were diagnosed with GDM. No individual trace elements were found significantly associated with GDM. In contrast, the composition of the gut microbiome was dramatically altered in women later diagnosed with GDM and characterized by lower alpha diversity and lower abundance of co-abundance groups (CAGs) composed of genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae, Coriobacteriales, and Lachnospiraceae. Rubidium (Rb) was positively associated with alpha diversity indices while mercury (Hg) and vanadium (V) showed negative associations. Elements including rubidium (Rb), thallium (Tl), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb) were significantly correlated with GDM-related CAGs and mediation analysis revealed that Rb and Sb were inversely related to GDM risk by altering abundance levels of CAGs enriched for Lachnospiraceae, Coriobacteriales, and Ruminococcaceae. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that trace element exposure is associated with specific gut microbiome features that may contribute to GDM development, which could provide a new avenue for intervening in environmental exposure-related GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Glabonjat RA, Raber G, Holm HC, Van Mooy BAS, Francesconi KA. Arsenolipids in Plankton from High- and Low-Nutrient Oceanic Waters Along a Transect in the North Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5515-5524. [PMID: 33789045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the natural occurrence of arsenic-containing lipids (arsenolipids) in marine organisms is now well established, the possible role of these unusual compounds in organisms and in the cycling of arsenic in marine systems remains largely unexplored. We report the finding of arsenolipids in 61 plankton samples collected from surface marine waters of high- and low-nutrient content along a transect spanning the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to both elemental and molecular mass spectrometry, we show that all 61 plankton samples contained six identifiable arsenolipids, namely, three arsenosugar phospholipids (AsPL958, 10-13%; AsPL978, 13-25%; and AsPL1006, 7-10% of total arsenolipids), two arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC332, 4-10% and AsHC360, 1-2%), and a methoxy-sugar arsenolipid that contained phytol (AsSugPhytol, 1-3%). The relative amounts of the six arsenolipids showed clear dependence on the nutrient status of the ambient water with plankton collected from high-nutrient waters having less of the arsenosugar phospholipids and more of the three non-P containing arsenolipids compared to low-nutrient waters. By combining these first field data of arsenolipids in plankton with reported global phytoplankton productivity, we estimate that the oceans' phytoplankton transform per year 50 000-100 000 tons of arsenic into arsenolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Henry C Holm
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Benjamin A S Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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Arsenate-Induced Changes in Bacterial Metabolite and Lipid Pools during Phosphate Stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02261-20. [PMID: 33361371 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02261-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 is a heterotrophic arsenite-oxidizing bacterium with a high resistance to arsenic toxicity. It is now a model organism for studying the processes of arsenic detoxification and utilization. Previously, we demonstrated that under low-phosphate conditions, arsenate [As(V)] could enhance bacterial growth and be incorporated into biomolecules, including lipids. While the basic microbial As(V) resistance mechanisms have been characterized, global metabolic responses under low phosphate remain largely unknown. In the present work, the impacts of As(V) and low phosphate on intracellular metabolite and lipid profiles of GW4 were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) in combination with transcriptional assays and the analysis of intracellular ATP and NADH levels. Metabolite profiling revealed that oxidative stress response pathways were altered and suggested an increase in DNA repair. Changes in metabolite levels in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle along with increased ATP are consistent with As(V)-enhanced growth of A. tumefaciens GW4. Lipidomics analysis revealed that most glycerophospholipids decreased in abundance when As(V) was available. However, several glycerolipid classes increased, an outcome that is consistent with maximizing growth via a phosphate-sparing phenotype. Differentially regulated lipids included phosphotidylcholine and lysophospholipids, which have not been previously reported in A. tumefaciens The metabolites and lipids identified in this study deepen our understanding of the interplay between phosphate and arsenate on chemical and metabolic levels.IMPORTANCE Arsenic is widespread in the environment and is one of the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Parodoxically, the growth of certain bacteria is enhanced by arsenic when phosphate is limited. Arsenate and phosphate are chemically similar, and this behavior is believed to represent a phosphate-sparing phenotype in which arsenate is used in place of phosphate in certain biomolecules. The research presented here uses a global approach to track metabolic changes in an environmentally relevant bacterium during exposure to arsenate when phosphate is low. Our findings are relevant for understanding the environmental fate of arsenic as well as how human-associated microbiomes respond to this common toxin.
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Herrera C, Moraga R, Bustamante B, Vilo C, Aguayo P, Valenzuela C, Smith CT, Yáñez J, Guzmán-Fierro V, Roeckel M, Campos VL. Characterization of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Arsenic-Rich Sediments, Atacama Desert, Chile. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030483. [PMID: 33668956 PMCID: PMC7996500 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a semimetal toxic for humans, is commonly associated with serious health problems. The most common form of massive and chronic exposure to As is through consumption of contaminated drinking water. This study aimed to isolate an As resistant bacterial strain to characterize its ability to oxidize As (III) when immobilized in an activated carbon batch bioreactor and to evaluate its potential to be used in biological treatments to remediate As contaminated waters. The diversity of bacterial communities from sediments of the As-rich Camarones River, Atacama Desert, Chile, was evaluated by Illumina sequencing. Dominant taxonomic groups (>1%) isolated were affiliated with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. A high As-resistant bacterium was selected (Pseudomonas migulae VC-19 strain) and the presence of aio gene in it was investigated. Arsenite detoxification activity by this bacterial strain was determined by HPLC/HG/AAS. Particularly when immobilized on activated carbon, P. migulae VC-19 showed high rates of As(III) conversion (100% oxidized after 36 h of incubation). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a P. migulae arsenite oxidizing strain that is promising for biotechnological application in the treatment of arsenic contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Herrera
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Ruben Moraga
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Brian Bustamante
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudia Vilo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Paulina Aguayo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
- Institute of Natural Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepcion, Campus El Boldal, Av. Alessandri N°1160, Concepcion 4090940, Chile
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Jorge Yáñez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Victor Guzmán-Fierro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (V.G.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Marlene Roeckel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (V.G.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Víctor L. Campos
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.L.C.)
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12
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Li J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Walk ST, Wang G. Integrated Metabolomics and Targeted Gene Transcription Analysis Reveal Global Bacterial Antimonite Resistance Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617050. [PMID: 33584619 PMCID: PMC7876068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimony (Sb)-resistant bacteria have potential applications in the remediation of Sb-contaminated sites. However, the effect of Sb(III) exposure on whole-cell metabolic change has not been studied. Herein, we combined untargeted metabolomics with a previous proteomics dataset and confirmatory gene transcription analysis to identify metabolic responses to Sb(III) exposure in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. Dynamic changes in metabolism between control and Sb(III)-exposed groups were clearly shown. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that with Sb(III) exposure: (1) the branching pathway of gluconeogenesis is down-regulated, resulting in the up-regulation of pentose phosphate pathway to provide precursors of anabolism and NADPH; (2) glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolisms are down-regulated, resulting in more acetyl-CoA entry into the TCA cycle and increased capacity to produce energy and macromolecular synthesis; (3) nucleotide and fatty acid synthesis pathways are all increased perhaps to protect cells from DNA and lipid peroxidation; (4) nicotinate metabolism increases which likely leads to increased production of co-enzymes (e.g., NAD+ and NADP+) for the maintenance of cellular redox and Sb(III) oxidation. Expectedly, the total NADP+/NADPH content, total glutathione, and reduced glutathione contents were all increased after Sb(III) exposure in strain GW4, which contribute to maintaining the reduced state of the cytoplasm. Our results provide novel information regarding global bacterial responses to Sb(III) exposure from a single gene level to the entire metabolome and provide specific hypotheses regarding the metabolic change to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Seth T Walk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Wang X, Hu K, Xu Q, Lu L, Liao S, Wang G. Immobilization of Cd Using Mixed Enterobacter and Comamonas Bacterial Reagents in Pot Experiments with Brassica rapa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15731-15741. [PMID: 33236634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacter sp. A11 and Comamonas sp. A23 were isolated and identified. Coculturing these two strains with Cd(II) led to the production of biofilm, H2S, and succinic acid (SA), and Cd(II) was adsorbed by cells and formed CdS precipitates. After centrifugation, 97% Cd(II) was removed from the coculture. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the cocultured bacteria revealed that H2S and SA production pathways, metal transportation, and TCA cycle were active under Cd(II) stress. In vitro addition of SA enhanced the production of H2S and biofilm formation and Cd(II) adsorption. Two-season greenhouse pot experiments with Brassica rapa L. were performed with and without the coculture bacteria. Compared with the control, the average Cd amounts of the two-season pot experiments of the aboveground plants were decreased by 71.3%, 62.8%, and 38.6%, and the nonbioavailable and immobilized Cd in the soils were increased by 211.8%, 213.4%, and 116.7%, for low-, medium-, and high- Cd-spiked soils, respectively. The two strains survived well in soil during plant growth using plate counting, quantitative real-time PCR, and metagenomics analysis. Our results indicate that the combination of Enterobacter and Comamonas strains with the production of H2S and biofilm are important effectors for the highly efficient immobilization of Cd.
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14
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Duan H, Yu L, Tian F, Zhai Q, Fan L, Chen W. Gut microbiota: A target for heavy metal toxicity and a probiotic protective strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140429. [PMID: 32629250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is growing epidemiological evidence that heavy metals (HMs) may contribute to the progression of various metabolic diseases and that the etiology and progression of these diseases is partly due to HM-induced perturbations of the gut microbiota. Importantly, the gut microbiota are the first line of defense against the toxic effects of HMs, and there is a bidirectional relationship between the two. Thus, HM exposure alters the composition and metabolic profile of the gut microbiota at the functional level, and in turn, the gut microbiota alter the uptake and metabolism of HMs by acting as a physical barrier to HM absorption and by altering the pH, oxidative balance, and concentrations of detoxification enzymes or proteins involved in HM metabolism. Moreover, the gut microbiota can affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier, which may also in turn affect the absorption of HMs. Specifically, probiotic have been shown to reduce the absorption of HMs in the intestinal tract via the enhancement of intestinal HM sequestration, detoxification of HMs in the gut, changing the expression of metal transporter proteins, and maintaining the gut barrier function. This review is a summary of the bidirectional relationship between HMs and gut microbiota and of the probiotic-based protective strategies against HM-induced gut dysbiosis, with reference to strategies used in the food industry or for medically alleviating HM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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15
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Shi K, Wang Q, Wang G. Microbial Oxidation of Arsenite: Regulation, Chemotaxis, Phosphate Metabolism and Energy Generation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:569282. [PMID: 33072028 PMCID: PMC7533571 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.569282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid that occurs widely in the environment. The biological oxidation of arsenite [As(III)] to arsenate [As(V)] is considered a strategy to reduce arsenic toxicity and provide energy. In recent years, research interests in microbial As(III) oxidation have been growing, and related new achievements have been revealed. This review focuses on the highlighting of the novel regulatory mechanisms of bacterial As(III) oxidation, the physiological relevance of different arsenic sensing systems and functional relationship between microbial As(III) oxidation and those of chemotaxis, phosphate uptake, carbon metabolism and energy generation. The implication to environmental bioremediation applications of As(III)-oxidizing strains, the knowledge gaps and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Rawle RA, Tokmina-Lukaszewska M, Shi Z, Kang YS, Tripet BP, Dang F, Wang G, McDermott TR, Copie V, Bothner B. Metabolic Responses to Arsenite Exposure Regulated through Histidine Kinases PhoR and AioS in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091339. [PMID: 32887433 PMCID: PMC7565993 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenite (AsIII) oxidation is a microbially-catalyzed transformation that directly impacts arsenic toxicity, bioaccumulation, and bioavailability in environmental systems. The genes for AsIII oxidation (aio) encode a periplasmic AsIII sensor AioX, transmembrane histidine kinase AioS, and cognate regulatory partner AioR, which control expression of the AsIII oxidase AioBA. The aio genes are under ultimate control of the phosphate stress response via histidine kinase PhoR. To better understand the cell-wide impacts exerted by these key histidine kinases, we employed 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics to characterize the metabolic profiles of ΔphoR and ΔaioS mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A during AsIII oxidation. The data reveals a smaller group of metabolites impacted by the ΔaioS mutation, including hypoxanthine and various maltose derivatives, while a larger impact is observed for the ΔphoR mutation, influencing betaine, glutamate, and different sugars. The metabolomics data were integrated with previously published transcriptomics analyses to detail pathways perturbed during AsIII oxidation and those modulated by PhoR and/or AioS. The results highlight considerable disruptions in central carbon metabolism in the ΔphoR mutant. These data provide a detailed map of the metabolic impacts of AsIII, PhoR, and/or AioS, and inform current paradigms concerning arsenic-microbe interactions and nutrient cycling in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Rawle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Monika Tokmina-Lukaszewska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (M.T.-L.); (B.P.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Zunji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Yoon-Suk Kang
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (Y.-S.K.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Brian P. Tripet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (M.T.-L.); (B.P.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Fang Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (M.T.-L.); (B.P.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Timothy R. McDermott
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (Y.-S.K.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Valerie Copie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (M.T.-L.); (B.P.T.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (M.T.-L.); (B.P.T.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (B.B.)
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17
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Glabonjat RA, Blum JS, Miller LG, Webb SM, Stolz JF, Francesconi KA, Oremland RS. Arsenolipids in Cultured Picocystis Strain ML and Their Occurrence in Biota and Sediment from Mono Lake, California. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060093. [PMID: 32599768 PMCID: PMC7345539 DOI: 10.3390/life10060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary production in Mono Lake, a hypersaline soda lake rich in dissolved inorganic arsenic, is dominated by Picocystis strain ML. We set out to determine if this photoautotrophic picoplankter could metabolize inorganic arsenic and in doing so form unusual arsenolipids (e.g., arsenic bound to 2-O-methyl ribosides) as reported in other saline ecosystems and by halophilic algae. We cultivated Picocystis strain ML on a seawater-based medium with either low (37 µM) or high (1000 µM) phosphate in the presence of arsenite (400 µM), arsenate (800 µM), or without arsenic additions (ca 0.025 µM). Cultivars formed a variety of organoarsenic compounds, including a phytyl 2-O-methyl arsenosugar, depending upon the cultivation conditions and arsenic exposure. When the cells were grown at low P, the organoarsenicals they produced when exposed to both arsenite and arsenate were primarily arsenolipids (~88%) with only a modest content of water-soluble organoarsenic compounds (e.g., arsenosugars). When grown at high P, sequestration shifted to primarily water-soluble, simple methylated arsenicals such as dimethylarsinate; arsenolipids still constituted ~32% of organoarsenic incorporated into cells exposed to arsenate but < 1% when exposed to arsenite. Curiously, Picocystis strain ML grown at low P and exposed to arsenate sequestered huge amounts of arsenic into the cells accounting for 13.3% of the dry biomass; cells grown at low P and arsenite exposure sequestered much lower amounts, equivalent to 0.35% of dry biomass. Extraction of a resistant phase with trifluoroacetate recovered most of the sequestered arsenic in the form of arsenate. Uptake of arsenate into low P-cultivated cells was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence, while XANES/EXAFS spectra indicated the sequestered arsenic was retained as an inorganic iron precipitate, similar to scorodite, rather than as an As-containing macromolecule. Samples from Mono Lake demonstrated the presence of a wide variety of organoarsenic compounds, including arsenosugar phospholipids, most prevalent in zooplankton (Artemia) and phytoplankton samples, with much lower amounts detected in the bottom sediments. These observations suggest a trophic transfer of organoarsenicals from the phytoplankton (Picocystis) to the zooplankton (Artemia) community, with efficient bacterial mineralization of any lysis-released organoarsenicals back to inorganic oxyanions before they sink to the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Jodi S. Blum
- Water Mission Area, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (J.S.B.); (L.G.M.)
| | - Laurence G. Miller
- Water Mission Area, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (J.S.B.); (L.G.M.)
| | - Samuel M. Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
| | - John F. Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA;
| | - Kevin A. Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Ronald S. Oremland
- Water Mission Area, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (J.S.B.); (L.G.M.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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McDermott TR, Stolz JF, Oremland RS. Arsenic and the gastrointestinal tract microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 12:136-159. [PMID: 31773890 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxin, ranking first on the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the Environmental Protection Agency Priority List of Hazardous Substances. Chronic exposure increases the risk of a broad range of human illnesses, most notably cancer; however, there is significant variability in arsenic-induced disease among exposed individuals. Human genetics is a known component, but it alone cannot account for the large inter-individual variability in the presentation of arsenicosis symptoms. Each part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may be considered as a unique environment with characteristic pH, oxygen concentration, and microbiome. Given the well-established arsenic redox transformation activities of microorganisms, it is reasonable to imagine how the GIT microbiome composition variability among individuals could play a significant role in determining the fate, mobility and toxicity of arsenic, whether inhaled or ingested. This is a relatively new field of research that would benefit from early dialogue aimed at summarizing what is known and identifying reasonable research targets and concepts. Herein, we strive to initiate this dialogue by reviewing known aspects of microbe-arsenic interactions and placing it in the context of potential for influencing host exposure and health risks. We finish by considering future experimental approaches that might be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R McDermott
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - John F Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Research and Education, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Efflux proteins MacAB confer resistance to arsenite and penicillin/macrolide-type antibiotics in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:115. [PMID: 31332542 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic and arsenic (As) contaminations are worldwide public health problems. Previously, the bacterial ABC-type efflux protein MacAB reportedly conferred resistance to macrolide-type antibiotics but not to other metal(loid)s. In this study, the roles of MacAB for the co-resistance of different antibiotics and several metal(loid)s were analyzed in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A, a strain resistant to arsenite [As(III)] and several types of antibiotics. The macA and macB genes were cotranscribed, and macB was deleted in A. tumefaciens 5A and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli AW3110 and E. coli S17-1. Compared to the wild-type strain 5A, the macB deletion strain reduced bacterial resistance levels to several macrolide-type and penicillin-type antibiotics but not to cephalosporin-type antibiotics. In addition, the macB deletion strain showed lower resistance to As(III) but not to arsenate [As(V)], antimonite [Sb(III)] and cadmium chloride [Cd(II)]. The mutant strain 5A-ΔmacB cells accumulated more As(III) than the cells of the wild-type. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MacAB in E. coli S17-1 showed that MacAB was essential for resistance to macrolide, several penicillin-type antibiotics and As(III) but not to As(V). Heterologous expression of MacAB in E. coli AW3110 reduced the cellular accumulation of As(III) but not of As(V), indicating that MacAB is responsible for the efflux of As(III). These results demonstrated that, in addition to macrolide-type antibiotics, MacAB also conferred resistance to penicillin-type antibiotics and As(III) by extruding them out of cells. This finding contributes to a better understanding of the bacterial resistance mechanisms of antibiotics and metal(loid)s.
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20
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Regulation of antimonite oxidation and resistance by the phosphate regulator PhoB in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. Microbiol Res 2019; 226:10-18. [PMID: 31284939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbial oxidation of antimonite [Sb(III)] to antimonate [Sb(V)] is a detoxification process which contributes to Sb(III) resistance. Antimonite oxidase AnoA is essential for Sb(III) oxidation, however, the regulation mechanism is still unknown. Recently, we found that the expressions of phosphate transporters were induced by Sb(III) using proteomics analysis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4, thus, we predicted that the phosphate regulator PhoB may regulate bacterial Sb(III) oxidation and resistance. In this study, comprehensive analyses were performed and the results showed that (1) Genomic analysis revealed two phoB (named as phoB1 and phoB2) and one phoR gene in strain GW4; (2) Reporter gene assay showed that both phoB1 and phoB2 were induced in low phosphate condition (50 μM), but only phoB2 was induced by Sb(III); (3) Genes knock-out/complementation, Sb(III) oxidation and Sb(III) resistance tests showed that deletion of phoB2 significantly inhibited the expression of anoA and decreased bacterial Sb(III) oxidation efficiency and Sb(III) resistant. In contrast, deletion of phoB1 did not obviously affect anoA's expression level and Sb(III) oxidation/resistance; (4) A putative Pho motif was predicted in several A. tumefaciens strains and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that PhoB2 could bind with the promoter sequence of anoA; (5) Site-directed mutagenesis and short fragment EMSA revealed the exact DNA binding sequence for the protein-DNA interaction. These results showed that PhoB2 positively regulates Sb(III) oxidation and PhoB2 is also associated with Sb(III) resistance. Such regulation mechanism may provide a great contribution for bacterial survival in the environment with Sb and for bioremediation application.
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21
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Qiao Z, Huang J, Cao Y, Shi K, Wang G. Genetics and proteomics analyses reveal the roles of PhoB1 and PhoB2 regulators in bacterial responses to arsenite and phosphate. Res Microbiol 2019; 170:263-271. [PMID: 31279088 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In bacteria, phosphate (Pi) stress response is governed by the two-component regulatory system, sensor kinase PhoR and its cognate response regulatory protein PhoB. The arsenite [As(III)]-oxidizing bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 contains two phoB genes, phoB1 and phoB2. phoB1 is adjacent to As(III)-oxidizing genes, however, the functions of PhoB1 and PhoB2 remain unclear. Here, phoB1 and phoB2 were each deleted in-frame, and proteomics, qRT-PCR and protein-DNA interaction were performed. We found that (1) phoB1 and phoB2 were both upregulated under low Pi conditions and phoB1 was induced by As(III), but phoB2 was not; (2) deletion of phoB1 reduced As(III)-oxidizing efficiency and protein-DNA interaction analysis showed PhoB1 could interact with aioXSR promoter to regulate As(III) oxidation; (3) deletions of phoB1 or phoB2 both reduced exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesis; and (4) PhoB1 influenced Pi uptake, As(III) oxidation, EPS synthesis, TCA cycle, energy production and stress response with As(III), and PhoB2 was associated with Pi uptake and EPS synthesis in low Pi conditions. These results showed PhoB1 and PhoB2 were both involved in Pi acquisition, PhoB1 was more important with As(III) and PhoB2 played a major role without As(III). Strain GW4 uses these two regulators to survive under low Pi and arsenic-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yajing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Fan X, Nie L, Shi K, Wang Q, Xia X, Wang G. Simultaneous 3-/4-Hydroxybenzoates Biodegradation and Arsenite Oxidation by Hydrogenophaga sp. H7. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1346. [PMID: 31275273 PMCID: PMC6592069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic compounds and arsenic (As) often coexist in the environment. As(III)-oxidizing bacteria can oxidize the more toxic As(III) into the less toxic As(V), and As(V) is easily removed. Microorganisms with the ability to degrade aromatic compounds and oxidize arsenite [As(III)] may have strong potential to remediate co-contaminated water. In this study, a Gram-negative bacterium Hydrogenophaga sp. H7 was shown to simultaneously degrade 3-hydroxybenzoate (3-HBA) or 4-HBA (3-/4-HBA) and oxidize arsenite [As(III)] to arsenate [As(V)] during culture. Notably, the addition of As(III) enhanced the degradation rates of 3-/4-HBA, while the addition of 3-/4-HBA resulted in a slight delay in As(III) oxidation. Use of a 1% bacterial culture in combination with FeCl3 could completely degrade 250 mg/L 3-HBA or 4-HBA and remove 400 μM As(III) from simulated lake water within 28 h. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of As(III) oxidation/resistance genes and two putative 3-/4-HBA degradation pathways (the protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase degradation pathway and the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase degradation pathway). Comparative proteomics suggested that strain H7 degraded 4-HBA via the protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase degradation pathway in the absence of As(III); however, 4-HBA could be degraded via the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase degradation pathway in the presence of As(III). In the presence of As(III), more NADH was produced by the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase degradation pathway and/or by As(III) oxidation, which explained the enhancement of bacterial 4-HBA degradation in the presence of As(III). In addition, the key gene dmpB, which encodes catechol 2,3-dioxygenase in the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase degradation pathway, was knocked out, which resulted in the disappearance of As(III)-enhanced bacterial 4-HBA degradation from the dmpB mutant strain, which further confirmed that As(III) enhancement of 4-HBA degradation was due to the utilization of the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase pathway. These discoveries indicate that Hydrogenophaga sp. H7 has promise for the application to the removal of aromatic compounds and As co-contamination and reveal the relationship between As oxidation and aromatic compound degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Rawle RA, Kang YS, Bothner B, Wang G, McDermott TR. Transcriptomics analysis defines global cellular response of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A to arsenite exposure regulated through the histidine kinases PhoR and AioS. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2659-2676. [PMID: 30815967 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In environments where arsenic and microbes coexist, microbes are the principal drivers of arsenic speciation, which directly affects bioavailability, toxicity and bioaccumulation. Speciation reactions influence arsenic behaviour in environmental systems, directly affecting human and agricultural exposures. Arsenite oxidation decreases arsenic toxicity and mobility in the environment, and therefore understanding its regulation and overall influence on cellular metabolism is of significant interest. The arsenite oxidase (AioBA) is regulated by a three-component signal transduction system AioXSR, which is in turn regulated by the phosphate stress response, with PhoR acting as the master regulator. Using RNA-sequencing, we characterized the global effects of arsenite on gene expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A. To further elucidate regulatory controls, mutant strains for histidine kinases PhoR and AioS were employed, and illustrate that in addition to arsenic metabolism, a host of other functional responses are regulated in parallel. Impacted functions include arsenic and phosphate metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, solute transport systems and iron metabolism, in addition to others. These findings contribute significantly to the current understanding of the metabolic impact and genetic circuitry involved during arsenite exposure in bacteria. This informs how arsenic contamination will impact microbial activities involving several biogeochemical cycles in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Rawle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Yoon-Suk Kang
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Timothy R McDermott
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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The gut microbiome is required for full protection against acute arsenic toxicity in mouse models. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5424. [PMID: 30575732 PMCID: PMC6303300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic poisons an estimated 200 million people worldwide through contaminated food and drinking water. Confusingly, the gut microbiome has been suggested to both mitigate and exacerbate arsenic toxicity. Here, we show that the microbiome protects mice from arsenic-induced mortality. Both antibiotic-treated and germ-free mice excrete less arsenic in stool and accumulate more arsenic in organs compared to control mice. Mice lacking the primary arsenic detoxification enzyme (As3mt) are hypersensitive to arsenic after antibiotic treatment or when derived germ-free, compared to wild-type and/or conventional counterparts. Human microbiome (stool) transplants protect germ-free As3mt-KO mice from arsenic-induced mortality, but protection depends on microbiome stability and the presence of specific bacteria, including Faecalibacterium. Our results demonstrate that both a functional As3mt and specific microbiome members are required for protection against acute arsenic toxicity in mouse models. We anticipate that the gut microbiome will become an important explanatory factor of disease (arsenicosis) penetrance in humans, and a novel target for prevention and treatment strategies. It is unclear whether the gut microbiome can mitigate or exacerbate arsenic toxicity. Here, Coryell et al. show that the human gut microbiome protects mice from arsenic-induced mortality, with protection levels correlating with the relative abundance of the human commensal Faecalibacterium.
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25
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Efflux Transporter ArsK Is Responsible for Bacterial Resistance to Arsenite, Antimonite, Trivalent Roxarsone, and Methylarsenite. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01842-18. [PMID: 30315082 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01842-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic-resistant bacteria have evolved various efflux systems for arsenic resistance. Five arsenic efflux proteins, ArsB, Acr3, ArsP, ArsJ, and MSF1, have been reported. In this study, comprehensive analyses were performed to study the function of a putative major facilitator superfamily gene, arsK, and the regulation of arsK transcriptional expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. We found that (i) arsK is located on an arsenic gene island in strain GW4. ArsK orthologs are widely distributed in arsenic-resistant bacteria and are phylogenetically divergent from the five reported arsenic efflux proteins, indicating that it may be a novel arsenic efflux transporter. (ii) Reporter gene assays showed that the expression of arsK was induced by arsenite [As(III)], antimonite [Sb(III)], trivalent roxarsone [Rox(III)], methylarsenite [MAs(III)], and arsenate [As(V)]. (iii) Heterologous expression of ArsK in an arsenic-hypersensitive Escherichia coli strain showed that ArsK was essential for resistance to As(III), Sb(III), Rox(III), and MAs(III) but not to As(V), dimethylarsenite [dimethyl-As(III)], or Cd(II). (iv) ArsK reduced the cellular accumulation of As(III), Sb(III), Rox(III), and MAs(III) but not to As(V) or dimethyl-As(III). (v) A putative arsenic regulator gene arsR2 was cotranscribed with arsK, and (vi) ArsR2 interacted with the arsR2-arsK promoter region without metalloids and was derepressed by As(III), Sb(III), Rox(III), and MAs(III), indicating the repression activity of ArsR2 for the transcription of arsK These results demonstrate that ArsK is a novel arsenic efflux protein for As(III), Sb(III), Rox(III), and MAs(III) and is regulated by ArsR2. Bacteria use the arsR2-arsK operon for resistance to several trivalent arsenicals or antimonials.IMPORTANCE The metalloid extrusion systems are very important bacterial resistance mechanisms. Each of the previously reported ArsB, Acr3, ArsP, ArsJ, and MSF1 transport proteins conferred only inorganic or organic arsenic/antimony resistance. In contrast, ArsK confers resistance to several inorganic and organic trivalent arsenicals and antimonials. The identification of the novel efflux transporter ArsK enriches our understanding of bacterial resistance to trivalent arsenite [As(III)], antimonite [Sb(III)], trivalent roxarsone [Rox(III)], and methylarsenite [MAs(III)].
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26
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Huang Q, Zhou S, Lin L, Huang Y, Li F, Song Z. Effect of nanomaterials on arsenic volatilization and extraction from flooded soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:118-128. [PMID: 29653303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we utilize sequential extraction and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the effects of nanomaterial additives on As volatilization from flooded soils. We reveal that maximum volatilization is achieved in the fourth week and is followed by stabilization. The extent of volatilization decreased in the order of control > nano-zerovalent iron >40-nm hydroxyapatite > nano-Fe3O4 > 20-nm hydroxyapatite > multilayer graphene oxide > high-quality graphene oxide. The most abundant forms of As in soil corresponded to As-Fe and Al oxides. In soil with low levels of As pollution, the contents of these species increased after treatment with graphene oxides but decreased after treatment with other nanomaterials, with an opposite trend observed for soil with high levels of As pollution. The addition of nanomaterials influenced the activity of soil enzymes, e.g., hydroxyapatites affected the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase, whereas graphene oxides significantly impacted that of peroxidase (P < 0.05). The addition of nanomaterials (which can potentially inhibit microbial growth) affected As levels by influencing the amount of As volatilized from polluted soil. Moreover, As volatilization, enzyme activity, and As speciation were observed to be mutually correlated (e.g., volatilization was negatively correlated to peroxidase activity and the contents of amorphous crystalline hydrous oxides of As-Fe and Al).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China; School of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lina Lin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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27
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Wang Q, Kang YS, Alowaifeer A, Shi K, Fan X, Wang L, Jetter J, Bothner B, Wang G, McDermott TR. Phosphate starvation response controls genes required to synthesize the phosphate analog arsenate. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1782-1793. [PMID: 29575522 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental arsenic poisoning affects roughly 200 million people worldwide. The toxicity and mobility of arsenic in the environment is significantly influenced by microbial redox reactions, with arsenite (AsIII ) being more toxic than arsenate (AsV ). Microbial oxidation of AsIII to AsV is known to be regulated by the AioXSR signal transduction system and viewed to function for detoxification or energy generation. Here, we show that AsIII oxidation is ultimately regulated by the phosphate starvation response (PSR), requiring the sensor kinase PhoR for expression of the AsIII oxidase structural genes aioBA. The PhoRB and AioSR signal transduction systems are capable of transphosphorylation cross-talk, closely integrating AsIII oxidation with the PSR. Further, under PSR conditions, AsV significantly extends bacterial growth and accumulates in the lipid fraction to the apparent exclusion of phosphorus. This could spare phosphorus for nucleic acid synthesis or triphosphate metabolism wherein unstable arsenic esters are not tolerated, thereby enhancing cell survival potential. We conclude that AsIII oxidation is logically part of the bacterial PSR, enabling the synthesis of the phosphate analog AsV to replace phosphorus in specific biomolecules or to synthesize other molecules capable of a similar function, although not for total replacement of cellular phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Departments of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Yoon-Suk Kang
- Departments of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Abdullah Alowaifeer
- Departments of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Jetter
- Departments of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy R McDermott
- Departments of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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28
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Shi K, Wang Q, Fan X, Wang G. Proteomics and genetic analyses reveal the effects of arsenite oxidation on metabolic pathways and the roles of AioR in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:700-709. [PMID: 29339339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A heterotrophic arsenite [As(III)]-oxidizing bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 isolated from As(III)-rich groundwater sediment showed high As(III) resistance and could oxidize As(III) to As(V). The As(III) oxidation could generate energy and enhance growth, and AioR was the regulator for As(III) oxidase. To determine the related metabolic pathways mediated by As(III) oxidation and whether AioR regulated other cellular responses to As(III), isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was performed in four treatments, GW4 (+AsIII)/GW4 (-AsIII), GW4-ΔaioR (+AsIII)/GW4-ΔaioR (-AsIII), GW4-ΔaioR (-AsIII)/GW4 (-AsIII) and GW4-ΔaioR (+AsIII)/GW4 (+AsIII). A total of 41, 71, 82 and 168 differentially expressed proteins were identified, respectively. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and qRT-PCR, 12 genes/operons were found to interact with AioR. These results indicate that As(III) oxidation alters several cellular processes related to arsenite, such as As resistance (ars operon), phosphate (Pi) metabolism (pst/pho system), TCA cycle, cell wall/membrane, amino acid metabolism and motility/chemotaxis. In the wild type with As(III), TCA cycle flow is perturbed, and As(III) oxidation and fermentation are the main energy resources. However, when strain GW4-ΔaioR lost the ability of As(III) oxidation, the TCA cycle is the main way to generate energy. A regulatory cellular network controlled by AioR is constructed and shows that AioR is the main regulator for As(III) oxidation, besides, several other functions related to As(III) are regulated by AioR in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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29
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Huang F, Zhou X, Chen Z, Peng W, Luo M. VirD5 is required for efficient Agrobacterium infection and interacts with Arabidopsis VIP2. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:726-738. [PMID: 29084344 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During Agrobacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) infection, the translocated virulence proteins (VirD2, VirE2, VirE3, VirF and VirD5) play crucial roles. It is thought that, through protein-protein interactions, Agrobacterium uses and abuses host plant factors and systems to facilitate its infection. Although some molecular functions have been revealed, the roles of VirD5 still need to be further elucidated. Here, plant transformation and tumorigenesis mediated by genetically modified Agrobacterium strains were performed to examine VirD5 roles. In addition, protein-protein interaction-associated molecular and biochemistry technologies were used to reveal and elucidate VirD5 interaction with Arabidopsis VirE2 interacting protein 2 (VIP2). Our results showed that deleting virD5 from Agrobacterium reduced its tumor formation ability and stable transformation efficiency but did not affect the transient transformation efficiency. We also found that VirD5 can interact with Arabidopsis VIP2. Further experiments demonstrated that VirD5 can affect VIP2 binding to cap-binding proteins (CBP20 and CBP80). The tumorigenesis efficiency for cbp80 mutant was not significantly changed, but that for cbp20, cbp20cbp80 mutants were significantly increased. This work demonstrates experimentally that VirD5 is required for efficient Agrobacterium infection and may promote this process by competitive interaction with Arabidopsis VIP2. CBP20 is involved in the Agrobacterium infection process and its effect can be synergistically enhanced by CBP80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shaojuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meizhong Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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30
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Han YH, Jia MR, Liu X, Zhu Y, Cao Y, Chen DL, Chen Y, Ma LQ. Bacteria from the rhizosphere and tissues of As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata and their role in arsenic transformation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:599-606. [PMID: 28813694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As)-resistant bacteria are abundant in the rhizosphere and tissues of As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. However, little is known about their roles in As transformation and As uptake in P. vittata. In this study, the impacts of P. vittata tissue extracts with or without surface sterilization on As transformation in solutions containing 100 μg L-1 AsIII or AsV were investigated. After 48 h incubation, the sterilized and unsterilized root extracts resulted in 45% and 73% oxidation of AsIII, indicating a role of both rhizobacteria and endobacteria. In contrast, AsV reduction was only found in rhizome and frond extracts at 3.7-24% of AsV. A total of 37 strains were isolated from the tissue extracts, which are classified into 18 species based on morphology and 16S rRNA. Phylogenic analysis showed that ∼44% isolates were Firmicutes and others were Proteobacteria except for one strain belonging to Bacteroidetes. While most endobacteria were Firmicutes, most rhizobacteria were Proteobacteria. All isolated bacteria belonged to AsV reducers except for an As-sensitive strain and one AsIII- oxidizer PVR-YHB6-1. Since As transformation was not observed in solutions after filtrating or boiling, we concluded that both rhizobacteria and endobacteria were involved in As transformation in the rhizosphere and tissues of P. vittata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-He Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 326801, China
| | - Meng-Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Fujian Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Deng-Long Chen
- Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 326801, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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31
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Shi K, Fan X, Qiao Z, Han Y, McDermott TR, Wang Q, Wang G. Arsenite oxidation regulator AioR regulates bacterial chemotaxis towards arsenite in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43252. [PMID: 28256605 PMCID: PMC5335332 DOI: 10.1038/srep43252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some arsenite [As(III)]-oxidizing bacteria exhibit positive chemotaxis towards As(III), however, the related As(III) chemoreceptor and regulatory mechanism remain unknown. The As(III)-oxidizing bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 displays positive chemotaxis towards 0.5–2 mM As(III). Genomic analyses revealed a putative chemoreceptor-encoding gene, mcp, located in the arsenic gene island and having a predicted promoter binding site for the As(III) oxidation regulator AioR. Expression of mcp and other chemotaxis related genes (cheA, cheY2 and fliG) was inducible by As(III), but not in the aioR mutant. Using capillary assays and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectra analysis, Mcp was confirmed to be responsible for chemotaxis towards As(III) and to bind As(III) (but not As(V) nor phosphate) as part of the sensing mechanism. A bacterial one-hybrid system technique and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that AioR interacts with the mcp regulatory region in vivo and in vitro, and the precise AioR binding site was confirmed using DNase I foot-printing. Taken together, these results indicate that this Mcp is responsible for the chemotactic response towards As(III) and is regulated by AioR. Additionally, disrupting the mcp gene affected bacterial As(III) oxidation and growth, inferring that Mcp may exert some sort of functional connection between As(III) oxidation and As(III) chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zixu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yushan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Timothy R McDermott
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Li J, Yang B, Shi M, Yuan K, Guo W, Wang Q, Wang G. Abiotic and biotic factors responsible for antimonite oxidation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43225. [PMID: 28252030 PMCID: PMC5333119 DOI: 10.1038/srep43225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimonite [Sb(III)]-oxidizing bacteria can transform the toxic Sb(III) into the less toxic antimonate [Sb(V)]. Recently, the cytoplasmic Sb(III)-oxidase AnoA and the periplasmic arsenite [As(III)] oxidase AioAB were shown to responsible for bacterial Sb(III) oxidation, however, disruption of each gene only partially decreased Sb(III) oxidation efficiency. This study showed that in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4, Sb(III) induced cellular H2O2 content and H2O2 degradation gene katA. Gene knock-out/complementation of katA, anoA, aioA and anoA/aioA and Sb(III) oxidation and growth experiments showed that katA, anoA and aioA were essential for Sb(III) oxidation and resistance and katA was also essential for H2O2 resistance. Furthermore, linear correlations were observed between cellular H2O2 and Sb(V) content in vivo and chemical H2O2 and Sb(V) content in vitro (R2 = 0.93 and 0.94, respectively). These results indicate that besides the biotic factors, the cellular H2O2 induced by Sb(III) also catalyzes bacterial Sb(III) oxidation as an abiotic oxidant. The data reveal a novel mechanism that bacterial Sb(III) oxidation is associated with abiotic (cellular H2O2) and biotic (AnoA and AioAB) factors and Sb(III) oxidation process consumes cellular H2O2 which contributes to microbial detoxification of both Sb(III) and cellular H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Birong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Manman Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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Effects upon metabolic pathways and energy production by Sb(III) and As(III)/Sb(III)-oxidase gene aioA in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172823. [PMID: 28241045 PMCID: PMC5328403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 is a heterotrophic arsenite [As(III)]/antimonite [Sb(III)]-oxidizing strain. The As(III) oxidase AioAB is responsible for As(III) oxidation in the periplasm and it is also involved in Sb(III) oxidation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A. In addition, Sb(III) oxidase AnoA and cellular H2O2 are also responsible for Sb(III) oxidation in strain GW4. However, the deletion of aioA increased the Sb(III) oxidation efficiency in strain GW4. In the present study, we found that the cell mobility to Sb(III), ATP and NADH contents and heat release were also increased by Sb(III) and more significantly in the aioA mutant. Proteomics and transcriptional analyses showed that proteins/genes involved in Sb(III) oxidation and resistance, stress responses, carbon metabolism, cell mobility, phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism were induced by Sb(III) and were more significantly induced in the aioA mutant. The results suggested that Sb(III) oxidation may produce energy. In addition, without periplasmic AioAB, more Sb(III) would enter bacterial cells, however, the cytoplasmic AnoA and the oxidative stress response proteins were significantly up-regulated, which may contribute to the increased Sb(III) oxidation efficiency. Moreover, the carbon metabolism was also activated to generate more energy against Sb(III) stress. The generated energy may be used in Sb transportation, DNA repair, amino acid synthesis, and cell mobility, and may be released in the form of heat.
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Oremland RS, Stolz JF. Metabolomic changes in response to toxic arsenite. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:413-414. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences; Duquesne University; Pittsburgh PA 15282 USA
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An Oxidoreductase AioE is Responsible for Bacterial Arsenite Oxidation and Resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41536. [PMID: 28128323 PMCID: PMC5270249 DOI: 10.1038/srep41536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that arsenite (AsIII) oxidation could improve the generation of ATP/NADH to support the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. In this study, we found that aioE is induced by AsIII and located in the arsenic island near the AsIII oxidase genes aioBA and co-transcripted with the arsenic resistant genes arsR1-arsC1-arsC2-acr3-1. AioE belongs to TrkA family corresponding the electron transport function with the generation of NADH and H+. An aioE in-frame deletion strain showed a null AsIII oxidation and a reduced AsIII resistance, while a cytC mutant only reduced AsIII oxidation efficiency. With AsIII, aioE was directly related to the increase of NADH, while cytC was essential for ATP generation. In addition, cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that the redox potential (ORP) of AioBA and AioE were +0.297 mV vs. NHE and +0.255 mV vs. NHE, respectively. The ORP gradient is AioBA > AioE > CytC (+0.217 ~ +0.251 mV vs. NHE), which infers that electron may transfer from AioBA to CytC via AioE. The results indicate that AioE may act as a novel AsIII oxidation electron transporter associated with NADH generation. Since AsIII oxidation contributes AsIII detoxification, the essential of AioE for AsIII resistance is also reasonable.
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Tokmina-Lukaszewska M, Shi Z, Tripet B, McDermott TR, Copié V, Bothner B, Wang G. Metabolic response of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A to arsenite. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:710-721. [PMID: 27871140 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wide-spread abundance in soil and water, coupled with high toxicity have put arsenic at the top of the list of environmental contaminants. Early studies demonstrated that both concentration and the valence state of inorganic arsenic (arsenite, As(III) vs. arsenate As(V)) can be modulated by microbes. Using genetics, transcriptomic and proteomic techniques, microbe-arsenic detoxification, respiratory As(V) reduction and As(III) oxidation have since been examined. The effect of arsenic exposure on whole-cell intracellular microbial metabolism, however, has not been extensively studied. We combined LC-MS and 1 H NMR to quantify metabolic changes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain 5A) upon exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of As(III). Metabolomics analysis reveals global differences in metabolite concentrations between control and As(III) exposure groups, with significant perturbations to intermediates shuttling into and cycling within the TCA cycle. These data are most consistent with the disruption of two key TCA cycle enzymes, pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Glycolysis also appeared altered following As(III) stress, with carbon accumulating as complex saccharides. These observations suggest that an important consequence of As(III) contamination in nature will be to alter microbial carbon metabolism at the microbial community level and thus has the potential to foundationally impact all biogeochemical cycles in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zunji Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Brian Tripet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Timothy R McDermott
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Valérie Copié
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Regulatory Activities of Four ArsR Proteins in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3471-3480. [PMID: 27037117 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00262-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ArsR is a well-studied transcriptional repressor that regulates microbe-arsenic interactions. Most microorganisms have an arsR gene, but in cases where multiple copies exist, the respective roles or potential functional overlap have not been explored. We examined the repressors encoded by arsR1 and arsR2 (ars1 operon) and by arsR3 and arsR4 (ars2 operon) in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A. ArsR1 and ArsR4 are very similar in their primary sequences and diverge phylogenetically from ArsR2 and ArsR3, which are also quite similar to one another. Reporter constructs (lacZ) for arsR1, arsR2, and arsR4 were all inducible by As(III), but expression of arsR3 (monitored by reverse transcriptase PCR) was not influenced by As(III) and appeared to be linked transcriptionally to an upstream lysR-type gene. Experiments using a combination of deletion mutations and additional reporter assays illustrated that the encoded repressors (i) are not all autoregulatory as is typically known for ArsR proteins, (ii) exhibit variable control of each other's encoding genes, and (iii) exert variable control of other genes previously shown to be under the control of ArsR1. Furthermore, ArsR2, ArsR3, and ArsR4 appear to have an activator-like function for some genes otherwise repressed by ArsR1, which deviates from the well-studied repressor role of ArsR proteins. The differential regulatory activities suggest a complex regulatory network not previously observed in ArsR studies. The results indicate that fine-scale ArsR sequence deviations of the reiterated regulatory proteins apparently translate to different regulatory roles. IMPORTANCE Given the significance of the ArsR repressor in regulating various aspects of microbe-arsenic interactions, it is important to assess potential regulatory overlap and/or interference when a microorganism carries multiple copies of arsR This study explores this issue and shows that the four arsR genes in A. tumefaciens 5A, associated with two separate ars operons, encode proteins exhibiting various degrees of functional overlap with respect to autoregulation and cross-regulation, as well as control of other functional genes. In some cases, differences in regulatory activity are associated with only limited differences in protein primary structure. The experiments summarized herein also present evidence that ArsR proteins appear to have activator functions, representing novel regulatory activities for ArsR, previously known only to be a repressor.
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Li Y, Zhang B, Cheng M, Li Y, Hao L, Guo H. Spontaneous arsenic (III) oxidation with bioelectricity generation in single-chamber microbial fuel cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 306:8-12. [PMID: 26685120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements commonly found in groundwater. With initial concentration of 200μgL(-1), spontaneous As(III) oxidation is realized completely during 7 days operation in single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in the present study, with the maximum power density of 752.6±17mWm(-2). The product is less toxic and mobile As(V), which can be removed from aqueous solution more easily. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analysis indicates the existence of arsenic-resistant bacteria as Actinobacteria, Comamonas, Pseudomonas and arsenic-oxidizing bacteria as Enterobacter, with electrochemically active bacteria as Lactococcus, Enterobacter. They interact together and are responsible for As(III) oxidation and bioelectricity generation in MFCs. This study offers a potential attractive method for remediation of arsenic-polluted groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ming Cheng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yalong Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liting Hao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huaming Guo
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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Nicotine Dehydrogenase Complexed with 6-Hydroxypseudooxynicotine Oxidase Involved in the Hybrid Nicotine-Degrading Pathway in Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1745-1755. [PMID: 26729714 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03909-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, a major toxic alkaloid in tobacco wastes, is degraded by bacteria, mainly via pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways. Previously, we discovered a new hybrid of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways in Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33 and characterized its key enzyme 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine (HSP) hydroxylase. Here, we purified the nicotine dehydrogenase initializing the nicotine degradation from the strain and found that it forms a complex with a novel 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine oxidase. The purified complex is composed of three different subunits encoded by ndhAB and pno, where ndhA and ndhB overlap by 4 bp and are ∼26 kb away from pno. As predicted from the gene sequences and from chemical analyses, NdhA (82.4 kDa) and NdhB (17.1 kDa) harbor a molybdopterin cofactor and two [2Fe-2S] clusters, respectively, whereas Pno (73.3 kDa) harbors an flavin mononucleotide and a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Mutants with disrupted ndhA or ndhB genes did not grow on nicotine but grew well on 6-hydroxynicotine and HSP, whereas the pno mutant did not grow on nicotine or 6-hydroxynicotine but grew well on HSP, indicating that NdhA and NdhB are responsible for initialization of nicotine oxidation. We successfully expressed pno in Escherichia coli and found that the recombinant Pno presented 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol reduction activity when it was coupled with 6-hydroxynicotine oxidation. The determination of reaction products catalyzed by the purified enzymes or mutants indicated that NdhAB catalyzed nicotine oxidation to 6-hydroxynicotine, whereas Pno oxidized 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine to 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylsemialdehyde pyridine. These results provide new insights into this novel hybrid pathway of nicotine degradation in A. tumefaciens S33.
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Chen F, Cao Y, Wei S, Li Y, Li X, Wang Q, Wang G. Regulation of arsenite oxidation by the phosphate two-component system PhoBR in Halomonas sp. HAL1. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:923. [PMID: 26441863 PMCID: PMC4563254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, the expression of arsenite [As(III)] oxidase genes aioBA was reported to be regulated by a three-component regulatory system, AioXSR, in a number of As(III)-oxidizing bacterial strains. However, the regulation mechanism is still unknown when aioXSR genes are absent in some As(III)-oxidizing bacterial genomes, such as in Halomonas sp. HAL1. In this study, transposon mutagenesis and gene knock-out mutation were performed, and two mutants, HAL1-phoR931 and HAL1-▵phoB, were obtained in strain HAL1. The phoR and phoB constitute a two-component system which is responsible for phosphate (Pi) acquisition and assimilation. Both of the mutants showed negative As(III)-oxidation phenotypes in low Pi condition (0.1 mM) but not under normal Pi condition (1 mM). The phoBR complementation strain HAL1-▵phoB-C reversed the mutants' null phenotypes back to wild type status. Meanwhile, lacZ reporter fusions using pCM-lacZ showed that the expression of phoBR and aioBA were both induced by As(III) but were not induced in HAL1-phoR931 and HAL1-▵phoB. Using 15 consensus Pho box sequences, a putative Pho box was found in the aioBA regulation region. PhoB was able to bind to the putative Pho box in vivo (bacterial one-hybrid detection) and in vitro (electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay), and an 18-bp binding sequence containing nine conserved bases were determined. This study provided the evidence that PhoBR regulates the expression of aioBA in Halomonas sp. HAL1 under low Pi condition. The new regulation model further implies the close metabolic connection between As and Pi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Yajing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
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Li J, Wang Q, Li M, Yang B, Shi M, Guo W, McDermott TR, Rensing C, Wang G. Proteomics and Genetics for Identification of a Bacterial Antimonite Oxidase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5980-5989. [PMID: 25909855 DOI: 10.1021/es506318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) and its compounds are listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1979) and the European Union (CEC, 1976) as a priority pollutant. Microbial redox transformations are presumed to be an important part of antimony cycling in nature; however, regulation of these processes and the enzymology involved are unknown. In this study, comparative proteomics and reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of Sb(III)-oxidizing bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 revealed an oxidoreductase (anoA) is widely distributed in microorganisms, including at least some documented to be able to oxidize Sb(III). Deletion of the anoA gene reduced Sb(III) resistance and decreased Sb(III) oxidation by ∼27%, whereas the anoA complemented strain was similar to the wild type GW4 and a GW4 anoA overexpressing strain increased Sb(III) oxidation by ∼34%. Addition of Sb(III) up-regulated anoA expression and cloning anoA to Escherichia coli demonstrated direct transferability of this activity. A His-tag purified AnoA was found to require NADP(+) as cofactor, and exhibited a K(m) for Sb(III) of 64 ± 10 μM and a V(max) of 150 ± 7 nmol min(-1) mg(-1). This study contributes important initial steps toward a mechanistic understanding of microbe-antimony interactions and enhances our understanding of how microorganisms participate in antimony biogeochemical cycling in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Li
- †State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Mingshun Li
- †State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Birong Yang
- †State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Manman Shi
- †State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- †State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Timothy R McDermott
- ‡Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Christopher Rensing
- §Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Gejiao Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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