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Leelastwattanagul O, Sutheeworapong S, Khoiri AN, Dulsawat S, Wattanachaisaereekul S, Tachaleat A, Duangfoo T, Paenkaew P, Prommeenate P, Cheevadhanarak S, Jirakkakul J. Soil microbiome analysis reveals effects of periodic waterlogging stress on sugarcane growth. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293834. [PMID: 37917788 PMCID: PMC10621937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is one of the major agricultural crops with high economic importance in Thailand. Periodic waterlogging has a long-term negative effect on sugarcane development, soil properties, and microbial diversity, impacting overall sugarcane production. Yet, the microbial structure in periodically waterlogged sugarcane fields across soil compartments and growth stages in Thailand has not been documented. This study investigated soil and rhizosphere microbial communities in a periodic waterlogged field in comparison with a normal field in a sugarcane plantation in Ratchaburi, Thailand, using 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. Alpha diversity analysis revealed comparable values in periodic waterlogged and normal fields across all growth stages, while beta diversity analysis highlighted distinct microbial community profiles in both fields throughout the growth stages. In the periodic waterlogged field, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Basidiomycota increased, while Acidobacteria and Ascomycota decreased. Beneficial microbes such as Arthrobacter, Azoarcus, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces thrived in the normal field, potentially serving as biomarkers for favorable soil conditions. Conversely, phytopathogens and growth-inhibiting bacteria were prevalent in the periodic waterlogged field, indicating unfavorable conditions. The co-occurrence network in rhizosphere of the normal field had the highest complexity, implying increased sharing of resources among microorganisms and enhanced soil biological fertility. Altogether, this study demonstrated that the periodic waterlogged field had a long-term negative effect on the soil microbial community which is a key determining factor of sugarcane growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onnicha Leelastwattanagul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ahmad Nuruddin Khoiri
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Dulsawat
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songsak Wattanachaisaereekul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anuwat Tachaleat
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Duangfoo
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasobsook Paenkaew
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerada Prommeenate
- Biochemical Engineering and Systems Biology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supapon Cheevadhanarak
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Jirakkakul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ji Y, Xu Y, Zhao M, Zhang G, Conrad R, Liu P, Feng Z, Ma J, Xu H. Winter drainage and film mulching cultivation mitigated CH 4 emission by regulating the function and structure of methanogenic archaeal and fermenting bacterial communities in paddy soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116194. [PMID: 36115239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Winter flooding of harvested rice fields is a typical cropping system in mountainous areas, which emits considerable amounts of CH4. Plastic film mulching cultivation is recognized as an important rice cultivation practice in paddy field for water-saving irrigation. However, the effects of these managements on CH4 emissions in paddy soil and the underlying microbial mechanism are unclear. A field experiment was carried out with the application of winter drainage followed by traditional rice cultivation (WD), winter drainage followed by plastic film mulching cultivation (MC), as well as winter flooding followed by traditional rice cultivation (WF) as control in hilly paddy fields. We investigated the CH4 emissions, functional (CH4 production rate, 13C isotope) and structural (abundance, structure) responses of soil methanogenic archaeal and fermenting bacterial communities during rice season. Shifting the fields from WF into WD and MC substantially mitigated CH4 emissions by 62.3% and 59.2%, respectively, paralleled with the enhancement of soil Eh and the reductions of soil DOC content. Compared with WF, WD and MC both significantly decreased CH4 production rates and the copy numbers of mcrA gene. Moreover, an increasing contribution of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (from 30.7% to 50.0%) to total CH4 production was observed during the conversion from WF to MC under an anaerobic incubation, paralleled with the decreased acetate content and increased δ13C values of acetate-methyl and total acetate. The communities of methanogenic archaea and fermenting bacteria strongly responded to the shift from WF to WD, while MC only showed significant effects on the methanogenic archaeal communities. Compared with WF, WD and MC significantly increased the relative abundance of Methanothrix, Methanosarcina and Methanocella, while those of Methanoregula, Massilia and Geobacter were decreased. The co-occurrence networks showed that WD and MC induced the loss of mixed methanogenic fermentation modules, indicating the decrease in functional biodiversity and redundancy of fermenting bacterial and methanogenic archaeal communities.The findings suggest that WD and MC approach mitigate CH4 emission by regulating the function and structure of methanogenic archaeal and fermenting bacterial communities in paddy soil, which represent the effective management strategies considering the water availability and CH4 mitigation in paddy-field agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yongji Xu
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Guangbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Ralf Conrad
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Tang S, Fan T, Jin L, Lei P, Shao C, Wu S, Yang Y, He Y, Ren R, Xu J. Soil microbial diversity and functional capacity associated with the production of edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata in croplands. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14130. [PMID: 36213510 PMCID: PMC9536307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a rare edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata has become popular. S. rugosoannulata has the characteristics of easy cultivation, low cost, high output value, and low labor requirement, making its economic benefits significantly superior to those of other planting industries. Accumulating research demonstrates that cultivating edible fungus is advantageous for farming soil. The present experiment used idle croplands in winter for S. rugosoannulata cultivation. We explored the effects of S. rugosoannulata cultivation on soil properties and soil microbial community structure in paddy and dry fields, respectively. We cultivated S. rugosoannulata in the fields after planting chili and rice, respectively. The results showed that Chili-S. rugosoannulata and Rice-S. rugosoannulata planting patterns increased the yield, quality and amino acid content of S. rugosoannulata. By analyzing the soil properties, we found that the Chili-S. rugosoannulata and Rice-S. rugosoannulata cropping patterns increased the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, and available potassium content of the soil. We used 16s amplicons for bacteria and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for fungi to analyze the microbial communities in rhizosphere soils. Notably, S. rugosoannulata cultivation significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Chloroflexi, Cladosporium and Mortierella and reduce the abundance of Botryotrichumin and Archaeorhizomyces. We consider S. rugosoannulata cultivation in cropland can improve soil properties, regulate the community structure of soil microorganisms, increase the expression abundance of beneficial organisms and ultimately improve the S. rugosoannulata yield and lay a good foundation for a new round of crops after this edible mushroom cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Tang
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
| | - Tingting Fan
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
| | - Pin Lei
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
| | - Chenxia Shao
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
| | - Shenlian Wu
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
| | - Yi Yang
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
| | - Yuelin He
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
| | - Rui Ren
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
| | - Jun Xu
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, china
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Hester ER, Vaksmaa A, Valè G, Monaco S, Jetten MSM, Lüke C. Effect of water management on microbial diversity and composition in an Italian rice field system. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6529233. [PMID: 35170720 PMCID: PMC8924702 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional rice cultivation consumes up to 2500 L of water per kg yield and new strategies such as the ‘Alternate Wetting and Drying’ (AWD) might be promising water-saving alternatives. However, they might have large impacts on the soil microbiology. In this study, we compared the bacterial and archaeal communities in experimental field plots, cultivated under continuously flooding (CF) and AWD management, by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. We analysed alpha and beta diversity in bulk soil and on plant roots, in plots cultivated with two different rice cultivars. The strongest difference was found between soil and root communities. Beside others, the anaerobic methanotroph Methanoperedens was abundant in soil, however, we detected a considerable number of ANME-2a-2b on plant roots. Furthermore, root communities were significantly affected by the water management: Differential abundance analysis revealed the enrichment of aerobic and potentially plant-growth-promoting bacteria under AWD treatment, such as Sphingomonadaceae and Rhizobiaceae (both Alphaproteobacteria), and Bacteroidetes families. Microorganisms with an overall anaerobic lifestyle, such as various Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria, and Firmicutes were depleted. Our study indicates that the bulk soil communities seem overall well adapted and more resistant to changes in the water treatment, whereas the root microbiota seems more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Hester
- Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annika Vaksmaa
- Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Giampiero Valè
- CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 13100, Vercelli, Italy.,DiSIT-Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, I-13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Stefano Monaco
- CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Lüke
- Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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5
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Wang Z, Wang L, Liu R, Li Z, Wu J, Wei X, Wei W, Fang J, Cao J, Wei Y, Xie Z. Community structure and activity potentials of archaeal communities in hadal sediments of the Mariana and Mussau trenches. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:150-161. [PMID: 37073355 PMCID: PMC10077302 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hadal trenches are the least explored marine habitat on earth. Archaea has been shown to be the dominant group in trench sediments. However, the activity potentials and detailed diversity of these communities as well as their inter-trench variations are still not known. In this study, we combined datasets from two pairs of primers to investigate at high resolution the structure and activity potentials of the archaeal communities in vertically sectioned sediment cores taken from the deepest points of the Mariana (10,853 m) and Mussau (7011 m) trenches. The compositions of the potentially active communities revealed, via 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and RNA (rRNA), significant differences between samples. Marine Group I (MGI), with nine identified subgroups, was the most dominant class in the active archaeal communities of the two trenches. Significantly different species composition and vertical variations were observed between the two trenches. Vertical transitions from aerobic MGI α to anaerobic MGI η and υ subgroups were observed in MST but not in MT sediments, which might be related to the faster microbial oxygen consumption in MST. These results provide a better understanding on archaeal activity and diversity in trench sediments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-021-00105-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Rulong Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, Department of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - JiaXin Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Xing Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Wenxia Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Jiasong Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Junwei Cao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Yuli Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Zhe Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
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Zhou Q, He R, Zhao D, Zeng J, Yu Z, Wu QL. Contrasting Patterns of the Resident and Active Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities of Phragmites Australis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:314-327. [PMID: 33956174 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbes play a key role in maintaining plant health and regulating biogeochemical cycles. The active bacterial community (ABC) in rhizosphere, as a small fraction of the rhizosphere resident bacterial community (RBC), has the potential to actively participate in nutrient cycling processes at the root-sediment interface. Here, we investigated the ABC and RBC within the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis (P. australis) subjected to different environmental conditions (i.e., seasons and flooding conditions) in Lake Taihu, China. Our results indicated that RBC exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity as well as lower beta diversity than ABC. The active ratios of 16S rRNA to 16S rDNA (also RNA/DNA) of the bacterial communities in summer and winter suggested a lower proportion of potential active taxa in the rhizosphere bacterial community during summer. Network analysis showed that negative correlations in each network were observed to dominate the species correlations between the rhizosphere and bulk sediment bacterial communities. Our results revealed that niche differentiation and seasonal variation played crucial roles in driving the assembly of ABC and RBC associated with the rhizospheres of P. australis. These findings broaden our knowledge about how rhizosphere bacterial communities respond to environmental variations through changing their diversity and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Rujia He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dayong Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhongbo Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
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7
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Gao Y, Xu X, Ding J, Bao F, De Costa YG, Zhuang W, Wu B. The Responses to Long-Term Water Addition of Soil Bacterial, Archaeal, and Fungal Communities in A Desert Ecosystem. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050981. [PMID: 33946616 PMCID: PMC8147197 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of microbial communities to continual and prolonged water exposure provides useful insight when facing global climate changes that cause increased and uneven precipitation and extreme rainfall events. In this study, we investigated an in situ manipulative experiment with four levels of water exposure (ambient precipitation +0%, +25%, +50%, and +100% of local annual mean precipitation) in a desert ecosystem of China. After 9 years of water addition, Illumina sequencing was used to analyze taxonomic compositions of the soil bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. The results showed significant increases in microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at higher amended precipitation levels, with the highest values reported at 100% precipitation. Furthermore, an increase in the bacterial species richness was observed along the water addition gradient. In addition, the relative abundance of several bacterial phyla, such as Proteobacteria, significantly increased, whereas that of some drought-tolerant taxa, including Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, decreased. In addition, the phyla Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae, associated with nitrification, positively responded to increased precipitation. Archaeal diversity significantly reduced under 100% treatment, with changes in the relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota being the main contributors to shifts in the archaeal community. The fungal community composition was stable in response to water addition. Results from the Mantel test and structural equation models suggested that bacterial and archaeal communities reacted contrastingly to water addition. Bacterial community composition was directly affected by changing soil moisture and temperature, while archaeal community composition was indirectly affected by changing nitrogen availability. These findings highlight the importance of soil moisture and nitrogen in driving microbial responses to long-term precipitation changes in the desert ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (X.X.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (B.W.); Tel.: +86-010-62824029 (Y.G.); +86-010-62824078 (B.W.)
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (X.X.); (F.B.)
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Fang Bao
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (X.X.); (F.B.)
| | - Yashika G. De Costa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (Y.G.D.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiqin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (Y.G.D.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (X.X.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (B.W.); Tel.: +86-010-62824029 (Y.G.); +86-010-62824078 (B.W.)
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8
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Yang R, Liu K, Geng S, Zhang C, Yin L, Wang X. Comparison of early season crop types for wheat production and nitrogen use efficiency in the Jianghan Plain in China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11189. [PMID: 33889445 PMCID: PMC8040854 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice-wheat (RW) cropping system is one of the most prevalent double-cropping systems used to farm the Jianghan Plain in China. However, it can lead to low wheat yields and reduced nitrogen use efficiency compared with dryland wheat (DW). We evaluated wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency for two rotations (summer rice-winter wheat and summer soybean-winter wheat) from 2017 to 2019 and applied the results to improve nitrogen management for planting wheat after rice in the Jianghan Plain. Field experiments were conducted over two years with two nitrogen treatments: traditional nitrogen management (M1: 90 kg N ha−1 was applied at sowing and jointing, respectively ) and optimized nitrogen management (M2: 60 kg N ha−1 was applied at sowing, wintering and jointing, respectively). The highest total wheat production was achieved under M2 for both cropping systems and the two-year average yield was 6,128 kg ha−1 in DW and 6,166 kg ha−1 in RW. The spike number in DW was 15% higher than RW in M1 and 13% higher in M2, but the kernel per spike and 1,000-grain weight was lower than RW. The nitrogen accumulation of DW was 24% higher than RW in M1 and 33% in M2. Compared with RW, DW had higher NO3− content in the soil surface layer (0–20 cm) and a higher root length density (RLD) in the deeper layer (40–60 cm), which may account for the higher N uptake in DW. Our results show that the grain yield of RW was comparable to that of DW by optimum nitrogen management. The rice-wheat cropping system combined with optimum nitrogen management may be of economic and agronomic benefit to the wheatbelt in the Jianghan Plain in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ke Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shiying Geng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lijun Yin
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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9
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Methane Production in Soil Environments-Anaerobic Biogeochemistry and Microbial Life between Flooding and Desiccation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060881. [PMID: 32545191 PMCID: PMC7357154 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding and desiccation of soil environments mainly affect the availability of water and oxygen. While water is necessary for all life, oxygen is required for aerobic microorganisms. In the absence of O2, anaerobic processes such as CH4 production prevail. There is a substantial theoretical knowledge of the biogeochemistry and microbiology of processes in the absence of O2. Noteworthy are processes involved in the sequential degradation of organic matter coupled with the sequential reduction of electron acceptors, and, finally, the formation of CH4. These processes follow basic thermodynamic and kinetic principles, but also require the presence of microorganisms as catalysts. Meanwhile, there is a lot of empirical data that combines the observation of process function with the structure of microbial communities. While most of these observations confirmed existing theoretical knowledge, some resulted in new information. One important example was the observation that methanogens, which have been believed to be strictly anaerobic, can tolerate O2 to quite some extent and thus survive desiccation of flooded soil environments amazingly well. Another example is the strong indication of the importance of redox-active soil organic carbon compounds, which may affect the rates and pathways of CH4 production. It is noteworthy that drainage and aeration turns flooded soils, not generally, into sinks for atmospheric CH4, probably due to the peculiarities of the resident methanotrophic bacteria.
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10
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John K, Janz B, Kiese R, Wassmann R, Zaitsev AS, Wolters V. Earthworms offset straw-induced increase of greenhouse gas emission in upland rice production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136352. [PMID: 31927290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing water scarcity and rapid socio-economic development are driving farmers in Asia to transform traditionally flooded rice cropping systems into non-flooded crop production. The management of earthworms in non-flooded rice fields appears to be a promising strategy to support residue recycling and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions triggered by residue amendment. We conducted a field experiment on non-flooded rainfed rice fields, with and without residue amendment. In-situ mesocosms were inoculated with endogeic earthworms (Metaphire sp.), with either low (ET1: 150 individuals m-2), or high density (ET2: 450 individuals m-2), and a control (ET0: no earthworms). We measured GHG emissions (methane (CH4); nitrous oxide (N2O); carbon dioxide (CO2)) twice a week during the cropping season with static chambers. Effects of earthworms on yield and root growth were additionally assessed. Earthworms offset the enormous increase of CH4 emissions induced by straw amendment (from 4.6 ± 5 to 75.3 ± 46 kg CH4-C ha-1 in ET0). Earthworm activity significantly reduced CH4 release, particularly at ET2, by more than one-third (to 22 ± 15 kg CH4-C ha-1). In contrast, earthworm inoculation did not affect N2O emission. Straw amendment more than doubled the global warming potential (GWP). Earthworms reduced GWP by 39% at low (ET1) and 55% at high densities (ET2). Earthworm activity reduced root mass density under conditions of straw amendment but did not affect yield. Earthworms can significantly reduce detrimental effects of rice crop residue amendment on GHG release under upland rice production. Organic carbon (C) might be preserved in earthworm casts and thereby limit C availability for CH4 production. At the same time, earthworm activity might increase methanotrophic CH4 consumption, due to improved soil aeration or less root exudates. Consequently, earthworms have a strong potential for regulating ecosystem functions related to rice straw decomposition, nutrient allocation and thus GHG reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina John
- Justus-Liebig-University, Department of Animal Ecology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Baldur Janz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Reiner Wassmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Crop and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Justus-Liebig-University, Department of Animal Ecology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Justus-Liebig-University, Department of Animal Ecology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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11
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Kopecky J, Samkova Z, Sarikhani E, Kyselková M, Omelka M, Kristufek V, Divis J, Grundmann GG, Moënne-Loccoz Y, Sagova-Mareckova M. Bacterial, archaeal and micro-eukaryotic communities characterize a disease-suppressive or conducive soil and a cultivar resistant or susceptible to common scab. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14883. [PMID: 31619759 PMCID: PMC6796001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of common scab disease can be reached by resistant cultivars or suppressive soils. Both mechanisms are likely to translate into particular potato microbiome profiles, but the relative importance of each is not known. Here, microbiomes of bulk and tuberosphere soil and of potato periderm were studied in one resistant and one susceptible cultivar grown in a conducive and a suppressive field. Disease severity was suppressed similarly by both means yet, the copy numbers of txtB gene (coding for a pathogenicity determinant) were similar in both soils but higher in periderms of the susceptible cultivar from conducive soil. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes for bacteria (completed by 16S rRNA microarray approach) and archaea, and of 18S rRNA genes for micro-eukarytes showed that in bacteria, the more important was the effect of cultivar and diversity decreased from resistant cultivar to bulk soil to susceptible cultivar. The major changes occurred in proportions of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria. In archaea and micro-eukaryotes, differences were primarily due to the suppressive and conducive soil. The effect of soil suppressiveness × cultivar resistance depended on the microbial community considered, but differed also with respect to soil and plant nutrient contents particularly in N, S and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kopecky
- Crop Research Institute, Epidemiology and Ecology of Microorganisms, Drnovská 509, 161 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Samkova
- Crop Research Institute, Epidemiology and Ecology of Microorganisms, Drnovská 509, 161 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ensyeh Sarikhani
- Crop Research Institute, Epidemiology and Ecology of Microorganisms, Drnovská 509, 161 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kyselková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Omelka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Charles University, Sokolovská 83, 186 75, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Kristufek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Divis
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Geneviève G Grundmann
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yvan Moënne-Loccoz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marketa Sagova-Mareckova
- Crop Research Institute, Epidemiology and Ecology of Microorganisms, Drnovská 509, 161 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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12
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Mediterranean Native Leguminous Plants: A Reservoir of Endophytic Bacteria with Potential to Enhance Chickpea Growth under Stress Conditions. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100392. [PMID: 31557944 PMCID: PMC6843138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes, a subset of a plant’s microbiota, can facilitate plant growth by a number of different mechanisms. The aims of this study were to assess the diversity and functionality of endophytic bacterial strains from internal root tissues of native legume species grown in two distinct sites in South of Portugal and to evaluate their ability to promote plant growth. Here, 122 endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from 12 different native legume species. Most of these bacteria possess at least one of the plant growth-promoting features tested in vitro, with indole acetic acid production being the most common feature among the isolates followed by the production of siderophores and inorganic phosphate solubilization. The results of in planta experiments revealed that co-inoculation of chickpea plants with specific endophytic bacteria along with N2-fixing symbionts significantly improved the total biomass of chickpea plants, in particular when these plants were grown under saline conditions. Altogether, this study revealed that Mediterranean native legume species are a reservoir of plant growth-promoting bacteria, that are also tolerant to salinity and to toxic levels of Mn. Thus, these bacterial endophytes are well adapted to common constraints present in soils of this region which constitutes important factors to consider in the development of bacterial inoculants for stressful conditions in the Mediterranean region.
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Three-Source Partitioning of Methane Emissions from Paddy Soil: Linkage to Methanogenic Community Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071586. [PMID: 30934889 PMCID: PMC6479939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the carbon (C) sources of methane (CH4) and methanogenic community structures after organic fertilization may provide a better understanding of the mechanism that regulate CH4 emissions from paddy soils. Based on our previous field study, a pot experiment with isotopic 13C labelling was designed in this study. The objective was to investigate the main C sources for CH4 emissions and the key environmental factor with the application of organic fertilizer in paddies. Results indicated that 28.6%, 64.5%, 0.4%, and 6.5% of 13C was respectively distributed in CO2, the plants, soil, and CH4 at the rice tillering stage. In total, organically fertilized paddy soil emitted 3.51 kg·CH4 ha−1 vs. 2.00 kg·CH4 ha−1 for the no fertilizer treatment. Maximum CH4 fluxes from organically fertilized (0.46 mg·m−2·h−1) and non-fertilized (0.16 mg·m−2·h−1) soils occurred on day 30 (tillering stage). The total percentage of CH4 emissions derived from rice photosynthesis C was 49%, organic fertilizer C < 0.34%, and native soil C > 51%. Therefore, the increased CH4 emissions from paddy soil after organic fertilization were mainly derived from native soil and photosynthesis. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed Methanosarcina (64%) was the dominant methanogen in paddy soil. Organic fertilization increased the relative abundance of Methanosarcina, especially in rhizosphere. Additionally, Methanosarcina sp. 795 and Methanosarcina sp. 1H1 co-occurred with Methanobrevibacter sp. AbM23, Methanoculleus sp. 25XMc2, Methanosaeta sp. HA, and Methanobacterium sp. MB1. The increased CH4 fluxes and labile methanogenic community structure in organically fertilized rice soil were primarily due to the increased soil C, nitrogen, potassium, phosphate, and acetate. These results highlight the contributions of native soil- and photosynthesis-derived C in paddy soil CH4 emissions, and provide basis for more complex investigations of the pathways involved in ecosystem CH4 processes.
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Hernández M, Klose M, Claus P, Bastviken D, Marotta H, Figueiredo V, Enrich‐Prast A, Conrad R. Structure, function and resilience to desiccation of methanogenic microbial communities in temporarily inundated soils of the Amazon rainforest (Cunia Reserve, Rondonia). Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1702-1717. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hernández
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Str. 10, 35043, Marburg Germany
| | - Melanie Klose
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Str. 10, 35043, Marburg Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Str. 10, 35043, Marburg Germany
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies ‐ Environmental ChangeLinköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Humberto Marotta
- Ecosystems and Global Change Laboratory (LEMGUFF)/International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal), Biomass and Water Management Research Center (NABUFF), Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Sedimentary and Environmental Processes Laboratory (LAPSA‐UFF), Department of Geography, Graduate Program in GeographyUniversidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Viviane Figueiredo
- Departamento de BotânicaInstituto de Biologia, University Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alex Enrich‐Prast
- Department of Thematic Studies ‐ Environmental ChangeLinköping University Linköping Sweden
- Ecosystems and Global Change Laboratory (LEMGUFF)/International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal), Biomass and Water Management Research Center (NABUFF), Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de BotânicaInstituto de Biologia, University Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ralf Conrad
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Str. 10, 35043, Marburg Germany
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15
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Meng D, Li J, Liu T, Liu Y, Yan M, Hu J, Li X, Liu X, Liang Y, Liu H, Yin H. Effects of redox potential on soil cadmium solubility: Insight into microbial community. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:224-232. [PMID: 30473288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of microbes in the solubility of cadmium (Cd) is of fundamental importance for remediation of Cd toxicity. The present study aimed to identify the microbes that involved in regulating Cd solubility and to reveal possible mechanisms. Therefore, microbial communities were investigated through high-throughput sequencing approach, the molecular ecological network was constructed and metagenomes were predicted. Our results indicated that redox conditions affected both the solubility of soil Cd and the microbial communities. Anaerobic microbes, such as Anaerolineaceae, did not only play important roles in shaping the microbial community in soils, but might also be involved in regulating the Cd solubility. Two possible mechanisms that how Anaerolineaceae involved in Cd solubility are (1) Anaerolineaceae are important organic matter degraders under anoxic conditions and (2) Anaerolineaceae can co-exist with methane metabolism microbes, while methane metabolism promotes the precipitation of soluble Cd. Thus, application of Anaerolineaceae in bioremediation of soil Cadmium contamination is a potential approach. The study provided a novel insight into the role of microbial community in the regulation of Cd solubility under different redox conditions, and suggested a potential approach for the remediation of soil Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China; Key laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 China.
| | - Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- College of Plant protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Mingli Yan
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201 China
| | - Jin Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China; Key laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China; Key laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China; Key laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China; Key laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China; Key laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China; Key laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 China.
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16
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Maarastawi SA, Frindte K, Linnartz M, Knief C. Crop Rotation and Straw Application Impact Microbial Communities in Italian and Philippine Soils and the Rhizosphere of Zea mays. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1295. [PMID: 29963033 PMCID: PMC6013709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important nourishments and its cultivation binds large agricultural areas in the world. Its cultivation leads to huge water consumption and high methane emissions. To diminish these problems, crop rotation between paddy rice and maize is introduced in Asia, but can lead to losses of carbon and water by the formation of desiccation cracks. To counteract these problems rice straw can be applied. We analyzed soil microbial responses to different crop rotation systems [rice–rice (RR), maize–maize (MM), maize–rice (MR)] and to rice straw application in the soil and rhizosphere of maize. Zea mays was grown in microcosms using soils from different field locations, each including different crop rotation regimes. The bacterial and fungal community composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene and ITS based amplicon sequencing in the bulk soil and rhizosphere. The microbiota was clearly different in soils from the different field locations (analysis of similarity, ANOSIM: R = 0.516 for the bacterial community; R = 0.817 for the fungal community). Within the field locations, crop rotation contributed differently to the variation in microbial community composition. Strong differences were observed in communities inhabiting soils under monosuccession (RR vs. MM) (ANOSIM: R = 0.923 for the bacterial and R = 0.714 for the fungal community), while the communities in soils undergoing MR crop rotation were more similar to those of the corresponding RR soils (ANOSIM: R = 0.111–0.175). The observed differences could be explained by altered oxygen availabilities in RR and MR soils, resulting in an enrichment of anaerobic bacteria in the soils, and the presence of the different crops, leading to the enrichment of host-plant specific microbial communities. The responses of the microbial communities to the application of rice straw in the microcosms were rather weak compared to the other factors. The taxa responding in bulk soil and rhizosphere were mostly distinct. In conclusion, this study revealed that the different agricultural management practices affect microbial community composition to different extent, not only in the bulk soil but also in the rhizosphere, and that the microbial responses in bulk soil and rhizosphere are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Maarastawi
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Frindte
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marius Linnartz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Knief
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Yuan J, Yuan Y, Zhu Y, Cao L. Effects of different fertilizers on methane emissions and methanogenic community structures in paddy rhizosphere soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:770-781. [PMID: 29426201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paddy soil accounts for 10% of global atmospheric methane (CH4) emissions. Many types of fertilizers may enhance CH4 emissions, especially organic fertilizer. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different fertilizers on CH4 and methanogen patterns in paddy soil. This experiment involved four treatments: chemical fertilizer (CT), organic fertilizer (OT), mixed with chemical and organic fertilizer (MT), and no fertilizer (ctrl). The three fertilization treatments were applied with total nitrogen at the same rate of 300 kg N ha-1. Paddy CH4, soil physicochemical variables and methanogen communities were quantitatively analyzed. Rhizosphere soil mcrA and pmoA gene copy numbers were determined by qPCR. Methanogenic 16S rRNA genes were identified by MiSeq sequencing. The results indicated CH4 emissions were significantly higher in OT (145.31 kg ha-1) than MT (84.62 kg ha-1), CT (77.88 kg ha-1) or ctrl (32.19 kg ha-1). Soil organic acids were also increased by organic fertilization. CH4 effluxes were significantly and negatively related to mcrA and pmoA gene copy numbers, and positively related to mcrA/pmoA. Above all, hydrogenotrophic Methanocella and acetoclastic Methanosaeta were the predominant methanogenic communities; these communities were strictly associated with soil potassium, oxalate, acetate, and succinate. Application of organic fertilizer promoted the dominant acetoclastic methanogens, but suppressed the dominant hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The transformation in methanogenic community structure and enhanced availability of C substrates may explain the increased CH4 production in OT compared to other treatments. Compared to OT, MT may partially mitigate CH4 emissions while guaranteeing a high rice yield. On this basis, we recommend the local fertilization pattern should change from 300 N kg ha-1 of organic manure to the same level of mixed fertilization. Moreover, we suggest multiple combinations of mixed fertilization merit more investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongkun Yuan
- Irrigation Technology Extension Station of Qingpu, 2 Yuan Road, Shanghai 201707, China
| | - Yihang Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linkui Cao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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18
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Wu L, Wu X, Shaaban M, Zhou M, Zhao J, Hu R. Decrease in the annual emissions of CH 4 and N 2O following the initial land management change from rice to vegetable production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13014-13025. [PMID: 29480394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, rice paddies have been increasingly converted to vegetable production resulting from economic benefits and changes in demand of diets, potentially altering soil greenhouse gas (GHG) balance. Here, we implemented a parallel field experiment to simultaneously quantify the differences in emissions of CH4 and N2O among rice paddy (RP) and conventional vegetable field (CV) and greenhouse vegetable field (GV), both of which have been recently converted from rice paddy in subtropical China over a full year. The results revealed that CH4 emission was reduced dramatically by nearly 100% following the initial land management change from rice to vegetable production, with annual emissions of 720.9, 0.9, and 0.2 kg CH4-C ha-1 for RP, CV, and GV, respectively. This conversion however substantially increased N2O emissions, resulting in the transition from a minor sink of N2O in RP (-0.1 kg N ha-1 yr-1) to considerable N2O sources in CV (31.8 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and GV (52.2 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Furthermore, annual N2O emission from GV significantly exceeded that from CV due to lower soil pH and higher soil temperature facilitating N2O production in GV relative to CV. Land management change significantly decreased the annual total emissions of CH4 and N2O from CV and GV by 19-51% as compared to RP, attributing to the reduced CH4 emissions outweighing the increased N2O emissions in CV and GV. These results indicate that expansion of vegetable production at the expense of rice paddies for higher economic benefits also helps mitigate the total emissions of CH4 and N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xian Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinsong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Liu D, Nishida M, Takahashi T, Asakawa S. Transcription of mcrA Gene Decreases Upon Prolonged Non-flooding Period in a Methanogenic Archaeal Community of a Paddy-Upland Rotational Field Soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:751-760. [PMID: 28890994 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea survive under aerated soil conditions in paddy fields, and their community is stable under these conditions. Changes in the abundance and composition of an active community of methanogenic archaea were assessed by analyzing mcrA gene (encoding α subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase) and transcripts during a prolonged drained period in a paddy-upland rotational field. Paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) was planted in the flooded field and rotated with soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) under upland soil conditions. Soil samples were collected from the rotational plot in the first year, with paddy rice, and in the two successive years, with soybean, at six time points, before seeding, during cultivation, and after harvest as well as from a consecutive paddy (control) plot. By the time that soybean was grown in the second year, the methanogenic archaeal community in the rotational plot maintained high mcrA transcript levels, comparable with those of the control plot community, but the levels drastically decreased by over three orders of magnitude after 2 years of upland conversion. The composition of active methanogenic archaeal communities that survived upland conversion in the rotational plot was similar to that of the active community in the control plot. These results revealed that mcrA gene transcription of methanogenic archaeal community in the rotational field was affected by a prolonged non-flooding period, longer than 1 year, indicating that unknown mechanisms maintain the stability of methanogenic archaeal community in paddy fields last up to 1 year after the onset of drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Liu
- Soil Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Mizuhiko Nishida
- NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, Daisen, Akita, 014-0120, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takahashi
- NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, Daisen, Akita, 014-0120, Japan
| | - Susumu Asakawa
- Soil Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
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Pittol M, Scully E, Miller D, Durso L, Mariana Fiuza L, Valiati VH. Bacterial Community of the Rice Floodwater Using Cultivation-Independent Approaches. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:6280484. [PMID: 29666650 PMCID: PMC5831270 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6280484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural systems, interactions between plants and microorganisms are important to maintaining production and profitability. In this study, bacterial communities in floodwaters of rice fields were monitored during the vegetative and reproductive stages of rice plant development using 16S amplicon sequencing. The study was conducted in the south of Brazil, during the crop years 2011/12 and 2012/13. Comparative analyses showed strong differences between the communities of floodwaters associated with the two developmental stages. During the vegetative stage, 1551 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, while less than half that number (603) were identified in the reproductive stage. The higher bacterial richness observed in floodwater collected during the vegetative stage may have been favored by the higher concentration of nutrients, such as potassium, due to rhizodeposition and fertilizer application. Eighteen bacterial phyla were identified in both samples. Both communities were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. In the vegetative stage, Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were more abundant and, in contrast, Bacilli and Clostridia were the more dominant classes in the reproductive stage. The major bacterial taxa identified have been previously identified as important colonizers of rice fields. The richness and composition of bacterial communities over cultivation time may contribute to the sustainability of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pittol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos Avenue, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Erin Scully
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit (SPIERU), 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Daniel Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Agroecosystem Management Research Unit (AMRU), 251 Filley Hall, UNL East Campus, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lisa Durso
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Agroecosystem Management Research Unit (AMRU), 251 Filley Hall, UNL East Campus, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lidia Mariana Fiuza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos Avenue, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Valiati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos Avenue, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
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21
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Lei S, Zeng B, Xu S, Zhang X. Response of basal metabolic rate to complete submergence of riparian species Salix variegata in the Three Gorges reservoir region. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13885. [PMID: 29066737 PMCID: PMC5654956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One-year old seedlings of Salix variegata (submergence-tolerant) and Cinnamomum camphora (submergence-intolerant) were selected and subjected to complete submergence (2 m) for 1, 5, 10, and 20 days, to elucidate the submergence- tolerance mechanism of S. variegata in the Three Gorges reservoir region. The basal CO2 emission ratios (BCERs) and O2 consumption rates (OCRs) of leaf, stem, and root were determined. The basal O2 consumption rates (BOCRs) were calculated from the OCRs of different parts and their biomass allocations and used for evaluating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of species with BCERs. The results showed that: (1) The BCERs of both species responded to flooding similarly, and no significant differences occurred between the submerged S. variegata (SS) and the submerged C. camphora (SC) seedlings, and between the control S. variegata (CS) and the control C. camphora (CC) seedlings. (2) The BOCRs of SS were significantly lower than those of SC on days 1 and 20, while no significant differences occurred between CS and CC for every duration. Therefore, the BMRs, evaluated from BOCRs rather than from BCERs, were related to submergence-tolerance of species, and the response of BMR to submergence would contribute to the survival of S. variegata seedlings under flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Lei
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Shaojun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Wu X, Liu H, Zheng X, Lu F, Wang S, Li Z, Liu G, Fu B. Responses of CH 4 and N 2O fluxes to land-use conversion and fertilization in a typical red soil region of southern China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10571. [PMID: 28874714 PMCID: PMC5585344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use conversion and fertilization have been widely reported as important management practices affecting CH4 and N2O fluxes; however, few long-term in situ measurements are available after land-use conversion from rice paddies to upland cultivation, especially those including the initial stages after conversion. A 3-year field experiment was conducted in rice paddies and a newly converted citrus orchard to measure CH4 and N2O fluxes in response to land-use conversion and fertilization in a red soil region of southern China. Annual CH4 and N2O emissions averaged 303.9 kg C ha-1 and 3.8 kg N ha-1, respectively, for the rice paddies over three cultivation years. Although annual N2O emissions increased two- to threefold after the conversion of rice paddies to citrus orchard, the substantial reduction in CH4 emissions and even shift into a sink for atmospheric CH4 led to significantly lower CO2-eq emissions of CH4 and N2O in the citrus orchard compared to the rice paddies. Moreover, distinct CH4 emissions were observed during the initial stages and sustained for several weeks after conversion. Our results indicated that the conversion of rice paddies to citrus orchards in this region for higher economic benefits may also lead to lower aggregate CH4 and N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Huifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zongshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Reim A, Hernández M, Klose M, Chidthaisong A, Yuttitham M, Conrad R. Response of Methanogenic Microbial Communities to Desiccation Stress in Flooded and Rain-Fed Paddy Soil from Thailand. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:785. [PMID: 28529503 PMCID: PMC5418361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice paddies in central Thailand are flooded either by irrigation (irrigated rice) or by rain (rain-fed rice). The paddy soils and their microbial communities thus experience permanent or arbitrary submergence, respectively. Since methane production depends on anaerobic conditions, we hypothesized that structure and function of the methanogenic microbial communities are different in irrigated and rain-fed paddies and react differently upon desiccation stress. We determined rates and relative proportions of hydrogenotrophic and aceticlastic methanogenesis before and after short-term drying of soil samples from replicate fields. The methanogenic pathway was determined by analyzing concentrations and δ13C of organic carbon and of CH4 and CO2 produced in the presence and absence of methyl fluoride, an inhibitor of aceticlastic methanogenesis. We also determined the abundance (qPCR) of genes and transcripts of bacterial 16S rRNA, archaeal 16S rRNA and methanogenic mcrA (coding for a subunit of the methyl coenzyme M reductase) and the composition of these microbial communities by T-RFLP fingerprinting and/or Illumina deep sequencing. The abundances of genes and transcripts were similar in irrigated and rain-fed paddy soil. They also did not change much upon desiccation and rewetting, except the transcripts of mcrA, which increased by more than two orders of magnitude. In parallel, rates of CH4 production also increased, in rain-fed soil more than in irrigated soil. The contribution of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis increased in rain-fed soil and became similar to that in irrigated soil. However, the relative microbial community composition on higher taxonomic levels was similar between irrigated and rain-fed soil. On the other hand, desiccation and subsequent anaerobic reincubation resulted in systematic changes in the composition of microbial communities for both Archaea and Bacteria. It is noteworthy that differences in the community composition were mostly detected on the level of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% sequence similarity). The treatments resulted in change of the relative abundance of several archaeal OTUs. Some OTUs of Methanobacterium, Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanocella and Methanomassiliicoccus increased, while some of Methanolinea and Methanosaeta decreased. Bacterial OTUs within Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes and Deltaproteobacteria increased, while OTUs within other proteobacterial classes decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reim
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburg, Germany
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - Melanie Klose
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburg, Germany
| | - Amnat Chidthaisong
- Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology ThonburiBangkok, Thailand
| | - Monthira Yuttitham
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol UniversitySalaya, Thailand
| | - Ralf Conrad
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburg, Germany
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Liu Y, Liu X, Cheng K, Li L, Zhang X, Zheng J, Zheng J, Pan G. Responses of Methanogenic and Methanotrophic Communities to Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 and Temperature in a Paddy Field. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1895. [PMID: 27933055 PMCID: PMC5121223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although climate change is predicted to affect methane (CH4) emissions in paddy soil, the dynamics of methanogens and methanotrophs in paddy fields under climate change have not yet been fully investigated. To address this issue, a multifactor climate change experiment was conducted in a Chinese paddy field using the following experimental treatments: (1) enrichment of atmospheric CO2 concentrations (500 ppm, CE), (2) canopy air warming (2°C above the ambient, WA), (3) combined CO2 enrichment and warming (CW), and (4) ambient conditions (CK). We analyzed the abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs, community structures, CH4 production and oxidation potentials, in situ CH4 emissions using real-time PCR, T-RFLP, and clone library techniques, as well as biochemical assays. Compared to the control under CE and CW treatments, CH4 production potential, methanogenic gene abundance and soil microbial biomass carbon significantly increased; the methanogenic community, however, remained stable. The canopy air warming treatment only had an effect on CH4 oxidation potential at the ripening stage. Phylogenic analysis indicated that methanogens in the rhizosphere were dominated by Methanosarcina, Methanocellales, Methanobacteriales, and Methanomicrobiales, while methanotrophic sequences were classified as Methylococcus, Methylocaldum, Methylomonas, Methylosarcina (Type I) and Methylocystis (Type II). However, the relative abundance of Methylococcus (Type I) decreased under CE and CW treatments and the relative abundance of Methylocystis (Type II) increased. The in situ CH4 fluxes indicated similar seasonal patterns between treatments; both CE and CW increased CH4 emissions. In conclusion results suggest that methanogens and methanotrophs respond differently to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and warming, thus adding insights into the effects of simulated global climate change on CH4 emissions in paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University Huaibei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Jufeng Zheng
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwei Zheng
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'anHangzhou, China
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25
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Weller S, Janz B, Jörg L, Kraus D, Racela HSU, Wassmann R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Kiese R. Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of traditional and diversified tropical rice rotation systems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:432-48. [PMID: 26386203 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global rice agriculture will be increasingly challenged by water scarcity, while at the same time changes in demand (e.g. changes in diets or increasing demand for biofuels) will feed back on agricultural practices. These factors are changing traditional cropping patterns from double-rice cropping to the introduction of upland crops in the dry season. For a comprehensive assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) balances, we measured methane (CH4 )/nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions and agronomic parameters over 2.5 years in double-rice cropping (R-R) and paddy rice rotations diversified with either maize (R-M) or aerobic rice (R-A) in upland cultivation. Introduction of upland crops in the dry season reduced irrigation water use and CH4 emissions by 66-81% and 95-99%, respectively. Moreover, for practices including upland crops, CH4 emissions in the subsequent wet season with paddy rice were reduced by 54-60%. Although annual N2 O emissions increased two- to threefold in the diversified systems, the strong reduction in CH4 led to a significantly lower (P < 0.05) annual GWP (CH4 + N2 O) as compared to the traditional double-rice cropping system. Measurements of soil organic carbon (SOC) contents before and 3 years after the introduction of upland crop rotations indicated a SOC loss for the R-M system, while for the other systems SOC stocks were unaffected. This trend for R-M systems needs to be followed as it has significant consequences not only for the GWP balance but also with regard to soil fertility. Economic assessment showed a similar gross profit span for R-M and R-R, while gross profits for R-A were reduced as a consequence of lower productivity. Nevertheless, regarding a future increase in water scarcity, it can be expected that mixed lowland-upland systems will expand in SE Asia as water requirements were cut by more than half in both rotation systems with upland crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Baldur Janz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Lena Jörg
- Technical University Munich (TUM), Arcisstraße 21, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - David Kraus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Reiner Wassmann
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 30709 Naivasha Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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