1
|
Marzinelli EM, Thomas T, Vadillo Gonzalez S, Egan S, Steinberg PD. Seaweeds as holobionts: Current state, challenges, and potential applications. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39047050 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Seaweeds play a strong ecological and economical role along the world's coastlines, where they support industries (e.g., aquaculture, bioproducts) and essential ecosystem services (e.g., biodiversity, fisheries, carbon capture). Evidence from wild and cultured seaweeds suggests that microorganisms play crucial roles in their health and functioning, prompting the need for considering seaweeds and their microbiome as a coherent entity or "holobiont." Here we show that the number of studies investigating seaweed hosts and their microbiome have increased in the last two decades. This likely reflects the increase in the appreciation of the importance of microbiomes for eukaryotic hosts, improved molecular approaches used to characterize their interactions, and increasing interest in commercial use of seaweeds. However, although increasing, most studies of seaweed holobionts have focused on (i) a few seaweed species of ecological or commercial significance, (ii) interactions involving only bacteria, and (iii) descriptive rather than experimental approaches. The relatively few experimental studies have mostly focused on manipulating abiotic factors to examine responses of seaweeds and their microbiome. Of the few studies that directly manipulated microorganisms to investigate their effects on seaweeds, most were done in laboratory or aquaria. We emphasize the need to move beyond the descriptions of patterns to experimental approaches for understanding causation and mechanisms. We argue that such experimental approaches are necessary for a better understanding of seaweed holobionts, for management actions for wild and cultivated seaweeds, and to better integrate studies of seaweed holobionts with the broader fields of seaweed ecology and biology, which are strongly experimental.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Saha M, Majzoub ME, Yang T, Chu H, Thomas T, Weinberger F, Egan S. Non-selective microbiota reduction after the elicitation of a seaweed's immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13268. [PMID: 38761002 PMCID: PMC11101764 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is an integral part of the innate immune system of many eukaryotic hosts, assisting in the defence against pathogen invasions. In plants and animals, PTI exerts a selective pressure on the microbiota that can alter community composition. However, the effect of PTI on the microbiota for non-model hosts, including seaweeds, remains unknown. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction complemented with 16S rRNA gene and transcript amplicon sequencing, this study profiled the impact that PTI of the red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis has on its microbiota. PTI elicitation with agar oligosaccharides resulted in a significant reduction in the number of bacteria (by >75% within 72 h after treatment). However, the PTI elicitation did not cause any significant difference in the community diversity or structure. These findings demonstrated that PTI can be non-selective, and this might help to maintain a stable microbiota by uniformly reducing bacterial loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiasui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mahasweta Saha
- Marine Ecology DivisionGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
- Marine Ecology and BiodiversityPlymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK
| | - Marwan E. Majzoub
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
- Institute of Soil ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Marine Ecology DivisionGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nair SR, Subathra Devi C. Bioprospecting of serratiopeptidase-producing bacteria from different sources. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1382816. [PMID: 38800751 PMCID: PMC11123226 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1382816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory enzymes have wide applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to find new and efficient strains for the commercial production of serratiopeptidase enzyme. Vast number of samples were processed for the isolation of potent strains. The experimental treatment includes processing of twenty soil samples, silkworm gut, and sugarcane stem. The total protein and protease activity was estimated by Lowry's method and casein hydrolysis. The HRBC stabilization assay was performed for finding the anti-inflammatory potential of all strains. The serratiopeptidase production was confirmed by HPLC with the standard. Molecular characterization of selected potent strains was done by 16S rDNA and confirmed the taxonomy. The one step rapid purification of serratiopeptidase was performed by Ultra three phase partitioning method. The clot lysis potential of the Serratia marcescens VS56 was observed by modified Holmstorm method. The results of the study revealed that among the 60 strains, 12 strains were protease-positive on skim milk agar plates and showed significant protease activity. All 12 strains were screened for serratiopeptidase using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and VS56, VS10, VS12 and VS18 showed a similar retention time (4.66 ± 0.10 min) with standard. The selected potent strain, Serratia marcescens VS56 showed a proteolytic activity of 21.30 units/mL and produced a total protein of 102 mg/mL. The HRBC suspension results also showed a percentage of 94.6 ± 1.00 protection, which was compared to the standard diclofenac. The clot lysis potential of Serratia marcescens VS56 was 53% in 4 h. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the protein was identified to confirm the presence of serratiopeptidase. The study hence contributed successfully to isolating, screening, and identifying a potent producer for serratiopeptidase from an environmental source. This inherent advantage of the strain will undoubtedly contribute much to the coco comm commercial production of serratiopeptidase in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Subathra Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma C, Peng C, Fu L, Ren C, Liu X, Liu Z, Qin S, Zhong Z. Phycosphere bacterial disturbance of Saccharina japonica caused by white rot disease relates to seawater nutrients. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37245-37255. [PMID: 38767795 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In mid-November 2021, there were large areas of white rot disease on cultivated Saccharina japonica in Rongcheng City, China, and diseases were undetected on Sargassum horneri and Porphyra yezoensis. The disturbance direction of bacterial community in the phycosphere after disease outbreak and the relationship with seawater nutrients remain unclear. Here, in situ studies of bacterial community in the non-diseased and diseased areas (Shawo and Dongchu islands) and seawater nutrient levels were carried out. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the bacterial richness of the studied seaweeds increased in the diseased area. Only in S. japonica, Algitalea outcompeted abundant primary bacteria with probiotic relationships to the host of the non-diseased area, and dominated in the diseased area (17.6% of the total abundance). Nitrogen and phosphorus levels in seawater were 57.8% and 19.6% higher in the non-diseased area than those in the diseased area, respectively, and were strongly correlated with the phycosphere bacteria at the family level of S. japonica. There was no difference in potential pathogenicity between the two areas, while positive signal communications decreased, and nitrogen cycle, chemoheterotrophy, and cellulolysis increased in the diseased area compared to the non-diseased area. Overall, white rot disease caused a structural disturbance in phycosphere bacterial community of S. japonica that related to seawater nutrient levels. Enriched degraders and altered bacterial community functions may exacerbate the disease. This evaluation will provide information for white rot disease management to prevent and mitigate the occurrence of S. japonica outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Chengxiang Peng
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Longwen Fu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Chenggang Ren
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xintian Liu
- Weihai Oceanic Development Research Institute, Weihai, 264200, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihai Zhong
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adouane E, Mercier C, Mamelle J, Willocquet E, Intertaglia L, Burgunter-Delamare B, Leblanc C, Rousvoal S, Lami R, Prado S. Importance of quorum sensing crosstalk in the brown alga Saccharina latissima epimicrobiome. iScience 2024; 27:109176. [PMID: 38433891 PMCID: PMC10906538 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown macroalgae are colonized by diverse microorganisms influencing the physiology of their host. However, cell-cell interactions within the surface microbiome (epimicrobiome) are largely unexplored, despite the significance of specific chemical mediators in maintaining host-microbiome homeostasis. In this study, by combining liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis and bioassays, we demonstrated that the widely diverse fungal epimicrobiota of the brown alga Saccharina latissima can affect quorum sensing (QS), a type of cell-cell interaction, as well as bacterial biofilm formation. We also showed the ability of the bacterial epimicrobiota to form and inhibit biofilm growth, as well as to activate or inhibit QS pathways. Overall, we demonstrate that QS and anti-QS compounds produced by the epimicrobiota are key metabolites in these brown algal epimicrobiota communities and highlight the importance of exploring this epimicrobiome for the discovery of new bioactive compounds, including potentially anti-QS molecules with antifouling properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Adouane
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes MCAM, UMR 7245, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Camille Mercier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jeanne Mamelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Emma Willocquet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laurent Intertaglia
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Bio2Mar, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Bertille Burgunter-Delamare
- Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, LBI2M (Sorbonne Université/CNRS), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, LBI2M (Sorbonne Université/CNRS), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvie Rousvoal
- Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, LBI2M (Sorbonne Université/CNRS), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Raphaël Lami
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Soizic Prado
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes MCAM, UMR 7245, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burgunter-Delamare B, Shetty P, Vuong T, Mittag M. Exchange or Eliminate: The Secrets of Algal-Bacterial Relationships. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:829. [PMID: 38592793 PMCID: PMC10974524 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Algae and bacteria have co-occurred and coevolved in common habitats for hundreds of millions of years, fostering specific associations and interactions such as mutualism or antagonism. These interactions are shaped through exchanges of primary and secondary metabolites provided by one of the partners. Metabolites, such as N-sources or vitamins, can be beneficial to the partner and they may be assimilated through chemotaxis towards the partner producing these metabolites. Other metabolites, especially many natural products synthesized by bacteria, can act as toxins and damage or kill the partner. For instance, the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii establishes a mutualistic partnership with a Methylobacterium, in stark contrast to its antagonistic relationship with the toxin producing Pseudomonas protegens. In other cases, as with a coccolithophore haptophyte alga and a Phaeobacter bacterium, the same alga and bacterium can even be subject to both processes, depending on the secreted bacterial and algal metabolites. Some bacteria also influence algal morphology by producing specific metabolites and micronutrients, as is observed in some macroalgae. This review focuses on algal-bacterial interactions with micro- and macroalgal models from marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments and summarizes the advances in the field. It also highlights the effects of temperature on these interactions as it is presently known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertille Burgunter-Delamare
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Prateek Shetty
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (T.V.)
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Trang Vuong
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Maria Mittag
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (T.V.)
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hudson J, Egan S. Marine diseases and the Anthropocene: Understanding microbial pathogenesis in a rapidly changing world. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14397. [PMID: 38217393 PMCID: PMC10832532 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy marine ecosystems are paramount for Earth's biodiversity and are key to sustaining the global economy and human health. The effects of anthropogenic activity represent a pervasive threat to the productivity of marine ecosystems, with intensifying environmental stressors such as climate change and pollution driving the occurrence and severity of microbial diseases that can devastate marine ecosystems and jeopardise food security. Despite the potentially catastrophic outcomes of marine diseases, our understanding of host-pathogen interactions remains an understudied aspect of both microbiology and environmental research, especially when compared to the depth of information available for human and agricultural systems. Here, we identify three avenues of research in which we can advance our understanding of marine disease in the context of global change, and make positive steps towards safeguarding marine communities for future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hudson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nappi J, Goncalves P, Khan T, Majzoub ME, Grobler AS, Marzinelli EM, Thomas T, Egan S. Differential priority effects impact taxonomy and functionality of host-associated microbiomes. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6278-6293. [PMID: 34995388 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Most multicellular eukaryotes host complex communities of microorganisms, but the factors that govern their assembly are poorly understood. The settlement of specific microorganisms may have a lasting impact on community composition, a phenomenon known as the priority effect. Priority effects of individual bacterial strains on a host's microbiome are, however, rarely studied and their impact on microbiome functionality remains unknown. We experimentally tested the effect of two bacterial strains (Pseudoalteromonas tunicata D2 and Pseudovibrio sp. D323) on the assembly and succession of the microbial communities associated with the green macroalga Ulva australis. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, we found that both strains exert a priority effect, with strain D2 causing initially strong but temporary taxonomic changes and strain D323 causing weaker but consistent changes. Consistent changes were predominately facilitatory and included taxa that may benefit the algal host. Metagenome analyses revealed that the strains elicited both shared (e.g., depletion of type III secretion system genes) and unique (e.g., enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes) effects on the predicted microbiome functionality. These findings indicate strong idiosyncratic effects of colonizing bacteria on the structure and function of host-associated microbial communities. Understanding the idiosyncrasies in priority effects is key for the development of novel probiotics to improve host condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Nappi
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Priscila Goncalves
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tahsin Khan
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marwan E Majzoub
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Sophia Grobler
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Murúa P, Garvetto A, Egan S, Gachon CMM. The Reemergence of Phycopathology: When Algal Biology Meets Ecology and Biosecurity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:231-255. [PMID: 37253694 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic symbionts interact with algae in a variety of ways to cause disease complexes, often shaping marine and freshwater ecosystems. The advent of phyconomy (a.k.a. seaweed agronomy) represents a need for a greater understanding of algal disease interactions, where underestimated cryptic diversity and lack of phycopathological basis are prospective constraints for algal domestication. Here, we highlight the limited yet increasing knowledge of algal pathogen biodiversity and the ecological interaction with their algal hosts. Finally, we discuss how ecology and cultivation experience contribute to and reinforce aquaculture practice, with the potential to reshape biosecurity policies of seaweed cultivation worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Murúa
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile-Sede Puerto Montt, Los Lagos, Chile;
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Garvetto
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
- Institute of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire M M Gachon
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parchemin C, Raviglione D, Mejait A, Sasal P, Faliex E, Clerissi C, Tapissier-Bontemps N. Antibacterial Activities and Life Cycle Stages of Asparagopsis armata: Implications of the Metabolome and Microbiome. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:363. [PMID: 37367688 DOI: 10.3390/md21060363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The red alga Asparagopsis armata is a species with a haplodiplophasic life cycle alternating between morphologically distinct stages. The species is known for its various biological activities linked to the production of halogenated compounds, which are described as having several roles for the algae such as the control of epiphytic bacterial communities. Several studies have reported differences in targeted halogenated compounds (using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS)) and antibacterial activities between the tetrasporophyte and the gametophyte stages. To enlarge this picture, we analysed the metabolome (using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)), the antibacterial activity and the bacterial communities associated with several stages of the life cycle of A. armata: gametophytes, tetrasporophytes and female gametophytes with developed cystocarps. Our results revealed that the relative abundance of several halogenated molecules including dibromoacetic acid and some more halogenated molecules fluctuated depending on the different stages of the algae. The antibacterial activity of the tetrasporophyte extract was significantly higher than that of the extracts of the other two stages. Several highly halogenated compounds, which discriminate algal stages, were identified as candidate molecules responsible for the observed variation in antibacterial activity. The tetrasporophyte also harboured a significantly higher specific bacterial diversity, which is associated with a different bacterial community composition than the other two stages. This study provides elements that could help in understanding the processes that take place throughout the life cycle of A. armata with different potential energy investments between the development of reproductive elements, the production of halogenated molecules and the dynamics of bacterial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Parchemin
- Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Université PSL, UPVD, CNRS, UAR 3278, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Delphine Raviglione
- Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Université PSL, UPVD, CNRS, UAR 3278, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Anouar Mejait
- Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Université PSL, UPVD, CNRS, UAR 3278, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Pierre Sasal
- Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Université PSL, UPVD, CNRS, UAR 3278, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Elisabeth Faliex
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens (CEFREM), UMR 5110 UPVD-CNRS, Université de Perpignan-Via Domitia, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Camille Clerissi
- Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Université PSL, UPVD, CNRS, UAR 3278, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Nathalie Tapissier-Bontemps
- Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Université PSL, UPVD, CNRS, UAR 3278, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Weinberger F, de Nys R, Thomas T, Egan S. A pathway to improve seaweed aquaculture through microbiota manipulation. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:545-556. [PMID: 36089422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic hosts are associated with microbial communities that are critical to their function. Microbiota manipulation using beneficial microorganisms, for example, in the form of animal probiotics or plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), can enhance host performance and health. Recently, seaweed beneficial microorganisms (SBMs) have been identified that promote the growth and development and/or improve disease resistance of seaweeds. This knowledge coincides with global initiatives seeking to expand and intensify seaweed aquaculture. Here, we provide a pathway with the potential to improve commercial cultivation of seaweeds through microbiota manipulation, highlighting that seaweed restoration practices can also benefit from further understanding SBMs and their modes of action. The challenges and opportunities of different approaches to identify and apply SBMs to seaweed aquaculture are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiasui Li
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Marine Ecology Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rocky de Nys
- Sea Forest Limited, 488 Freestone Point Road, Triabunna, Tasmania 7190, Australia and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schaubeck A, Cao D, Cavaleri V, Mun S, Jeon SJ. Carapace microbiota in American lobsters ( Homarus americanus) associated with epizootic shell disease and the green gland. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1093312. [PMID: 37089549 PMCID: PMC10113626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1093312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epizootic Shell Disease (ESD) has posed a great threat, both ecologically and economically, to the American lobster population of Long Island Sound since its emergence in the late 1990s. Because of the polymicrobial nature of carapace infections, causative agents for ESD remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify carapace microbiota associated with ESD and its potential impact on the microbiota of internal organs (green gland, hepatopancreas, intestine, and testis) using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that lobsters with ESD harbored specific carapace microbiota characterized by high abundance of Aquimarina, which was significantly different from healthy lobsters. PICRUSt analysis showed that metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism were enriched in the carapace microbiota of lobsters with ESD. Aquimarina, Halocynthiibacter, and Tenacibaculum were identified as core carapace bacteria associated with ESD. Particularly, Aquimarina and Halocynthiibacter were detected in the green gland, hepatopancreas, and testis of lobsters with ESD, but were absent from all internal organs tested in healthy lobsters. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that the carapace microbiota of lobsters with ESD was closely related to the green gland microbiota, whereas the carapace microbiota of healthy lobsters was more similar to the testis microbiota. Taken together, our findings suggest that ESD is associated with alterations in the structure and function of carapace microbiota, which may facilitate the invasion of bacteria into the green gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schaubeck
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
| | - Dianjun Cao
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
| | - Vincent Cavaleri
- Division of Marine Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, East Setauket, NY, United States
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Center for Bio Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bergen N, Krämer P, Romberg J, Wichels A, Gerlach G, Brinkhoff T. Shell Disease Syndrome Is Associated with Reduced and Shifted Epibacterial Diversity on the Carapace of the Crustacean Cancer pagurus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0341922. [PMID: 36342282 PMCID: PMC9769784 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03419-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pagurus is highly susceptible to shell disease syndrome. However, little is known about concomitant changes in the epibacterial community. We compared the bacterial communities of black spot affected and nonaffected areas of the carapace by amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and 16S rRNA. Within each spot, bacterial communities of affected areas were less diverse compared to communities from nonaffected areas. Communities of different affected spots were, however, more divergent from each other, compared to those of different nonaffected areas. This indicates a reduced and shifted microbial community composition caused by the black spot disease. Different communities found in black spots likely indicate different stages of the disease. In affected areas, Flavobacteriaceae rose to one of the most abundant and active families due to the increase of Aquimarina spp., suggesting a significant role in shell disease syndrome. We isolated 75 bacterial strains from diseased and healthy areas, which are primarily affiliated with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, reflecting the dominant phyla detected by amplicon sequencing. The ability to degrade chitin was mainly found for Gammaproteobacteria and Aquimarina spp. within the Flavobacteriia, while the ability to use N-acetylglucosamine, the monomer of the polysaccharide chitin, was observed for most isolates, including many Alphaproteobacteria. One-third of the isolates, including most Aquimarina spp., showed antagonistic properties, indicating a high potential for interactions between the bacterial populations. The combination of bacterial community analysis and the physiological properties of the isolates provided insights into a functional complex epibacterial community on the carapace of C. pagurus. IMPORTANCE In recent years, shell disease syndrome has been detected for several ecologically and economically important crustacean species. Large proportions of populations are affected, e.g., >60% of the widely distributed species Cancer pagurus in different North Sea areas. Bacteria play a significant role in the development of different forms of shell disease, all characterized by microbial chitinolytic degradation of the outer shell. By comparing the bacterial communities of healthy and diseased areas of the shell of C. pagurus, we demonstrated that the disease causes a reduced bacterial diversity within affected areas, a phenomenon co-occurring also with many other diseases. Furthermore, the community composition dramatically changed with some taxa rising to high relative abundances and showing increased activity, indicating strong participation in shell disease. Characterization of bacterial isolates obtained from affected and nonaffected spots provided deeper insights into their physiological properties and thus the possible role within the microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bergen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Krämer
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Romberg
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Antje Wichels
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gerlach
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brinkhoff
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Microbial Spectrum and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus regius (De Brito Capello, 1864). TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/trser-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Microbial spectrum and antibiogram of bacteria isolated from Panulirus regius of the coast of Lagos were analysed using standard techniques. The lobster head had higher total bacteria and total coliform counts with respective significant (P < 0.05) values of 4.17 x 106 ± 1.46 CFU g−1 and 3.06 x 103 ± 1.56 CFU g−1. A higher total fungi count (2.99 x 102 ± 1.63) was recorded in the lobster tail. In the bacterial group, Bacilus megaterium had the highest frequency of occurrence (22.6%) while in the fungal group, Aspergillus niger had the highest frequency of occurrence (20.0%). All isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and showed resistance to rocephin and zinnacef except Micrococcus sp. and Salmonella sp. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the lobsters is a serious concern.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li H, Li JJ, Gao TH, Bi YX, Liu ZY. The Influence of Host Specificity and Temperature on Bacterial Communities Associated with Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) Species. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:815-828. [PMID: 36308470 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Host-related microbiota are critically important for the adaptation/acclimation of hosts to changing environments, but how environmental factors and host characteristics shape the microbial communities remains largely unknown. We investigated the effects of temperature on habitat-forming macroalgae and their associated bacterial communities. Three Sargassum species (S. horneri, S. fusiforme, and S. thunbergii) and seawater samples were sampled in Gouqi Island, China, and these macroalgal samples were incubated at different temperatures (10, 20, and 27°C) for 7 d. Bacterial communities were identified from the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions. The algae-associated bacterial communities of the field samples were significantly different from seawater, implying host specificity. During laboratory incubation, decreased physiological status (photosynthetic rate and oxidative stress response) was detected for all the species at 10°C, especially with regard to S. horneri and S. fusiforme. For each host, associated bacterial communities at 20 and 27°C clustered closely, and these were separated from samples at 10°C based on constrained PCoA analyses. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed that algae-associated bacterial communities were more affected by host species (23.3%) than by temperature (2.48%) during laboratory incubation. The changes in bacterial community composition may be influenced by algae metabolites, which should be tested in a future study. These results further contribute to our understanding of algal microbiome changes in response to environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Tian-Heng Gao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Bi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Weinberger F, Saha M, Majzoub ME, Egan S. Cross-Host Protection of Marine Bacteria Against Macroalgal Disease. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:1288-1293. [PMID: 34731271 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increasing awareness of disease impacts on both cultivated and native seaweed populations, the development of marine probiotics has been limited and predominately focused on farmed animals. Bleaching (loss of thallus pigmentation) is one of the most prevalent diseases observed in marine macroalgae. Endemic probiotic bacteria have been characterized to prevent bleaching disease in red macroalgae Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and Delisea pulchra; however, the extent to which probiotic strains provide cross-protection to non-endemic hosts and the influence of native microbiota remain unknown. Using A. vermiculophyllum as a model, we demonstrate that co-inoculation with the pathogen Pseudoalteromonas arctica G-MAN6 and D. pulchra probiotic strain Phaeobacter sp. BS52 or Pseudoalteromonas sp. PB2-1 reduced the disease risks compared to the pathogen only treatment. Moreover, non-endemic probiotics outperformed the endemic probiotic strain Ralstonia sp. G-NY6 in the presence of the host natural microbiota. This study highlights how the native microbiota can impact the effectiveness of marine probiotics and illustrates the potential of harnessing probiotics that can function across different hosts to mitigate the impact of emerging marine diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiasui Li
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Marine Ecology Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mahasweta Saha
- Marine Ecology Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Marwan E Majzoub
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hudson J, Egan S. Opportunistic diseases in marine eukaryotes: Could Bacteroidota be the next threat to ocean life? Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4505-4518. [PMID: 35706128 PMCID: PMC9804302 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) are known to cause devastating and widespread disease outbreaks in marine eukaryotic hosts. However, with few pathogens described in detail, their prevalence and virulence strategies remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the current understanding of Bacteroidota that cause disease in marine hosts. Isolates affiliated with the genera Tenacibaculum and Aquimarina (Flavobacteriaceae) were the most widely reported and characterized pathogens. Although cultured isolates were predominantly Flavobacteriia, culture-independent studies also found classes Bacteroidia, Cytophagia and Sphingobacteriia associated with disease. We found that pathogenic marine Bacteroidota largely conformed to an opportunistic lifestyle but could also act as secondary pathogens or were involved in polymicrobial diseases. Many diseases were also associated with an environmental stressor, especially those affecting coral, macroalgae and fish. Key virulence traits included the production of adhesins and host tissue-degrading enzymes. Overall, the nature of disease involving Bacteroidota pathogens appears to be an outcome of complex host-pathogen-environment interactions; however, our understanding of virulence remains limited by the lack of functional characterization studies. This is concerning as Bacteroidota have the potential to emerge as a serious threat to marine ecosystems and aquaculture industries, driven by global changes in ocean conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hudson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Insights into the Antimicrobial Activities and Metabolomes of Aquimarina ( Flavobacteriaceae, Bacteroidetes) Species from the Rare Marine Biosphere. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070423. [PMID: 35877716 PMCID: PMC9323603 DOI: 10.3390/md20070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel natural products, the polyketide cuniculene and the peptide antibiotic aquimarin, were recently discovered from the marine bacterial genus Aquimarina. However, the diversity of the secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SM-BGCs) in Aquimarina genomes indicates a far greater biosynthetic potential. In this study, nine representative Aquimarina strains were tested for antimicrobial activity against diverse human-pathogenic and marine microorganisms and subjected to metabolomic and genomic profiling. We found an inhibitory activity of most Aquimarina strains against Candida glabrata and marine Vibrio and Alphaproteobacteria species. Aquimarina sp. Aq135 and Aquimarina muelleri crude extracts showed particularly promising antimicrobial activities, amongst others against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The metabolomic and functional genomic profiles of Aquimarina spp. followed similar patterns and were shaped by phylogeny. SM-BGC and metabolomics networks suggest the presence of novel polyketides and peptides, including cyclic depsipeptide-related compounds. Moreover, exploration of the ‘Sponge Microbiome Project’ dataset revealed that Aquimarina spp. possess low-abundance distributions worldwide across multiple marine biotopes. Our study emphasizes the relevance of this member of the microbial rare biosphere as a promising source of novel natural products. We predict that future metabologenomics studies of Aquimarina species will expand the spectrum of known secondary metabolites and bioactivities from marine ecosystems.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hudson J, Deshpande N, Leblanc C, Egan S. Pathogen exposure leads to a transcriptional downregulation of core cellular functions that may dampen the immune response in a macroalga. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3468-3480. [PMID: 35445473 PMCID: PMC9325437 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diseases in marine eukaryotic organisms caused by opportunistic pathogens represent a serious threat to our oceans with potential downstream consequences for ecosystem functioning. Disease outbreaks affecting macroalgae are of particular concern due to their critical role as habitat‐forming organisms. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular strategies used by macroalgae to respond to opportunistic pathogens. In this study, we used mRNA‐sequencing analysis to investigate the early antipathogen response of the model macroalga Delisea pulchra (Rhodophyta) under the environmental conditions that are known to promote the onset of disease. Using de novo assembly methods, 27,586 unique transcripts belonging to D. pulchra were identified that were mostly affiliated with stress response and signal transduction processes. Differential gene expression analysis between a treatment with the known opportunistic pathogen, Aquimarina sp. AD1 (Bacteroidota), and a closely related benign strain (Aquimarina sp. AD10) revealed a downregulation of genes coding for predicted protein metabolism, stress response, energy generation and photosynthesis functions. The rapid repression of genes coding for core cellular processes is likely to interfere with the macroalgal antipathogen response, later leading to infection, tissue damage and bleaching symptoms. Overall, this study provides valuable insight into the genetic features of D. pulchra, highlighting potential antipathogen response mechanisms of macroalgae and contributing to an improved understanding of host–pathogen interactions in a changing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hudson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nandan Deshpande
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Basili M, Techtmann SM, Zaggia L, Luna GM, Quero GM. Partitioning and sources of microbial pollution in the Venice Lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151755. [PMID: 34848267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pollutants are a serious threat to human and environmental health in coastal areas. Based on the hypothesis that pollution from multiple sources may produce a distinct microbial signature and that microbial pollutants seem to distribute between a free-living and a particle-attached fraction, we investigated the occurrence, partitioning and sources of microbial pollutants in water samples collected in the Venice Lagoon (Italy). The area was taken as a case study of an environment characterized by a long history of industrial pollution and by growing human pressure. We found a variety of pollutants from several sources, with sewage-associated and faecal bacteria accounting for up to 5.98% of microbial communities. Sewage-associated pollutants were most abundant close to the city centre. Faecal pollution was highest in the area of the industrial port and was dominated by human inputs, whereas contamination from animal faeces was mainly detected at the interface with the mainland. Microbial pollutants were almost exclusively associated with the particle-attached fraction. The samples also contained other potential pathogens. Our findings stress the need for monitoring and managing microbial pollution in highly urbanized lagoon and semi-enclosed systems and suggest that management plans to reduce microbial inputs to the waterways should include measures to reduce particulate matter inputs to the lagoon. Finally, High-Throughput Sequencing combined with computational approaches proved critical to assess water quality and appears to be a valuable tool to support the monitoring of waterborne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Basili
- CNR IRBIM, National Research Council - Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stephen M Techtmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Luca Zaggia
- CNR IGG, National Research Council - Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Luna
- CNR IRBIM, National Research Council - Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- CNR IRBIM, National Research Council - Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bacterial controlled mitigation of dysbiosis in a seaweed disease. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:378-387. [PMID: 34341505 PMCID: PMC8776837 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disease in the marine environment is predicted to increase with anthropogenic stressors and already affects major habitat-formers, such as corals and seaweeds. Solutions to address this issue are urgently needed. The seaweed Delisea pulchra is prone to a bleaching disease, which is caused by opportunistic pathogens and involves bacterial dysbiosis. Bacteria that can inhibit these pathogens and/or counteract dysbiosis are therefore hypothesised to reduce disease. This study aimed to identify such disease-protective bacteria and investigate their protective action. One strain, Phaeobacter sp. BS52, isolated from healthy D. pulchra, was antagonistic towards bleaching pathogens and significantly increased the proportion of healthy individuals when applied before the pathogen challenge (pathogen-only vs. BS52 + pathogen: 41-80%), and to a level similar to the control. However, no significant negative correlations between the relative abundances of pathogens and BS52 on D. pulchra were detected. Instead, inoculation of BS52 mitigated pathogen-induced changes in the epibacterial community. These observations suggest that the protective activity of BS52 was due to its ability to prevent dysbiosis, rather than direct pathogen inhibition. This study demonstrates the feasibility of manipulating bacterial communities in seaweeds to reduce disease and that mitigation of dysbiosis can have positive health outcomes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dieterich CL, Probst SI, Ueoka R, Sandu I, Schäfle D, Molin MD, Minas HA, Costa R, Oxenius A, Sander P, Piel J. Aquimarins, Peptide Antibiotics with Amino‐Modified C‐Termini from a Sponge‐Derived
Aquimarina
sp. Bacterium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cora L. Dieterich
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Silke I. Probst
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
- School of Marine Biosciences Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schäfle
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Dal Molin
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne University of Cologne Robert-Koch-Str. 21 D-50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Hannah A. Minas
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB) Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
- Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dieterich CL, Probst SI, Ueoka R, Sandu I, Schäfle D, Molin MD, Minas HA, Costa R, Oxenius A, Sander P, Piel J. Aquimarins, Peptide Antibiotics with Amino-Modified C-Termini from a Sponge-Derived Aquimarina sp. Bacterium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115802. [PMID: 34918870 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome mining and bioactivity studies suggested the sponge-derived bacterium Aquimarina sp. Aq135 as a producer of new antibiotics. Activity-guided isolation identified antibacterial peptides, named aquimarins, featuring a new scaffold with an unusual C-terminal amino group and chlorine moieties. Responsible for the halogenation is the FeII /α-ketoglutarate-dependent chlorinase AqmA that halogenates up to two isoleucine residues in a carrier protein-dependent fashion. Total syntheses of two natural aquimarins and eight non-natural variants were developed. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies with these compounds showed that the synthetically more laborious chlorinations are not required for antibacterial activity but enhance cytotoxicity. In contrast, variants lacking the C-terminal amine were virtually inactive, suggesting diamines similar to the terminal aquimarin residue as candidate building blocks for new peptidomimetic antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cora L Dieterich
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silke I Probst
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schäfle
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dal Molin
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah A Minas
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kopprio GA, Luyen ND, Cuong LH, Duc TM, Fricke A, Kunzmann A, Huong LM, Gärdes A. Insights into the bacterial community composition of farmed Caulerpa lentillifera: A comparison between contrasting health states. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1253. [PMID: 34821475 PMCID: PMC8628300 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial communities of Caulerpa lentillifera were studied during an outbreak of an unknown disease in a sea grape farm from Vietnam. Clear differences between healthy and diseased cases were observed at the order, genus, and Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) level. A richer diversity was detected in the diseased thalli of C. lentillifera, as well as the dominance of the orders Flavobacteriales (phylum Bacteroidetes) and Phycisphaerales (Planctomycetes). Aquibacter, Winogradskyella, and other OTUs of the family Flavobacteriaceae were hypothesized as detrimental bacteria, this family comprises some well-known seaweed pathogens. Phycisphaera together with other Planctomycetes and Woeseia were probably saprophytes of C. lentillifera. The Rhodobacteraceae and Rhodovulum dominated the bacterial community composition of healthy C. lentillifera. The likely beneficial role of Bradyrhizobium, Paracoccus, and Brevundimonas strains on nutrient cycling and phytohormone production was discussed. The bleaching of diseased C. lentillifera might not only be associated with pathogens but also with an oxidative response. This study offers pioneering insights on the co-occurrence of C. lentillifera-attached bacteria, potential detrimental or beneficial microbes, and a baseline for understanding the C. lentillifera holobiont. Further applied and basic research is urgently needed on C. lentillifera microbiome, shotgun metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic studies as well as bioactivity assays are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germán A. Kopprio
- Department of Ecohydrology and BiogeochemistryLeibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesBerlinGermany
| | - Nguyen D. Luyen
- Institute of Natural Product ChemistryVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyGraduate University of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Le Huu Cuong
- Institute of Natural Product ChemistryVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyGraduate University of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Tran Mai Duc
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and ApplicationVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyNha TrangVietnam
| | - Anna Fricke
- Department of Plant Quality and Food SecurityLeibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeerenGermany
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Department of EcologyLeibniz Centre for Tropical Marine ResearchBremenGermany
| | - Le Mai Huong
- Institute of Natural Product ChemistryVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyGraduate University of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Astrid Gärdes
- University of Applied SciencesBremerhavenGermany
- Department of Biosciences, Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Paix B, Potin P, Schires G, Le Poupon C, Misson B, Leblanc C, Culioli G, Briand JF. Synergistic effects of temperature and light affect the relationship between Taonia atomaria and its epibacterial community: a controlled conditions study. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6777-6797. [PMID: 34490980 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the context of global warming, this study aimed to assess the effect of temperature and irradiance on the macroalgal Taonia atomaria holobiont dynamics. We developed an experimental set-up using aquaria supplied by natural seawater with three temperatures combined with three irradiances. The holobiont response was monitored over 14 days using a multi-omics approach coupling algal surface metabolomics and metabarcoding. Both temperature and irradiance appeared to shape the microbiota and the surface metabolome, but with a distinct temporality. Epibacterial community first changed according to temperature, and later in relation to irradiance, while the opposite occurred for the surface metabolome. An increased temperature revealed a decreasing richness of the epiphytic community together with an increase of several bacterial taxa. Irradiance changes appeared to quickly impact surface metabolites production linked with the algal host photosynthesis (e.g. mannitol, fucoxanthin, dimethylsulfoniopropionate), which was hypothesized to explain modifications of the structure of the epiphytic community. Algal host may also directly adapt its surface metabolome to changing temperature with time (e.g. lipids content) and also in response to changing microbiota (e.g. chemical defences). Finally, this study brought new insights highlighting complex direct and indirect responses of seaweeds and their associated microbiota under changing environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Paix
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire MAPIEM, La Garde, EA 4323, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Gaëtan Schires
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Center for Biological Marine Resources (CRBM), FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Le Poupon
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM110, La Garde, France
| | - Benjamin Misson
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM110, La Garde, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Gérald Culioli
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire MAPIEM, La Garde, EA 4323, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Paix B, Vieira C, Potin P, Leblanc C, De Clerck O, Briand JF, Culioli G. French Mediterranean and Atlantic populations of the brown algal genus Taonia (Dictyotales) display differences in phylogeny, surface metabolomes and epibacterial communities. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
Ferrari J, Goncalves P, Campbell AH, Sudatti DB, Wood GV, Thomas T, Pereira RC, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Molecular analysis of a fungal disease in the habitat-forming brown macroalga Phyllospora comosa (Fucales) along a latitudinal gradient. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1504-1516. [PMID: 33942303 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases affecting habitat-forming species can have significant impacts on population dynamics and alter the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. Recently, a fungal infection was described as the causative agent of necrotic lesions on the stipe of the forest-forming macroalga Phyllospora comosa, a disease named "stipe rot" (SR). Here, we developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for rapid detection and quantification of this pathogen, which was applied to evaluate the level of SR infection in eight P. comosa populations spanning the entire latitudinal distribution of this species along southeastern Australia. We also investigated the relationship between the abundance and prevalence of Stipe Rot Fungus (SRF) and potential host chemical defenses as well as its relationship with morphological and ecophysiological traits of P. comosa. qPCR estimates of SRF abundance reflected the levels of infection estimated by visual assessment, with higher numbers of SRF copies being observed in individuals showing high or intermediate levels of visual symptoms of SR. Concordance of conventional PCR and visual assessments was 92 and 94%, respectively, compared to qPCR detection. SRF prevalence was positively related to fucoxanthin content and herbivory, but not significant related to other traits measured (phlorotannin content, total length, thallus diameter, stipe width, number of branches, frond width, fouling, bleaching, gender, and photosynthetic efficiency). These results provide confidence for previous reports of this disease based upon visual assessments only, contribute to the development of monitoring and conservation strategies for safeguarding P. comosa forests, and generate insights into potential factors influencing host-pathogen interactions in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ferrari
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São Jõao Batista s/n, Niterói, RJ, 24.001-970, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, 28930-000, Brazil
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Priscila Goncalves
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexandra Helene Campbell
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Road, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Daniela Bueno Sudatti
- Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, 28930-000, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24.001-970, Brazil
| | - Georgina Valentine Wood
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Renato Crespo Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24.001-970, Brazil
| | - Peter David Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ezequiel Miguel Marzinelli
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xu D, Fan X, Zhang Y, Ma J, Ye N. The oxylipin messenger 1-octen-3-ol induced rapid responses in kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1641-1652. [PMID: 33547806 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are important oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids that regulate a variety of plant physiological and pathological processes in response to specific external challenges. A large body of evidence has indicated that algae can also produce a surprisingly diverse array of volatile oxylipins, yet little is known about the roles of volatile oxylipins as defense signals in macroalgae. In this study, the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera was treated by the oxylipin messenger 1-octen-3-ol and then a genome-wide gene expression profile and fatty acid spectrum analysis were performed. We found that M. pyrifera responded rapidly to the exposure of the oxylipin messenger 1-octen-3-ol. It regulated the expression levels of genes mainly involved in signal transduction, lipid metabolism, oxidation prevention, cell wall synthesis, photosynthesis, and development. Moreover, 1-octen-3-ol treatments decreased several types of total fatty acid contents and increased free fatty acid contents, especially for the C18 and C20 fatty acids. In addition, it decreased the content of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, and zeatin and increased the gibberellic acid content. Our findings demonstrated that 1-octen-3-ol is an available inducer for M. pyrifera, which is capable of rapidly upregulating kelp's defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang F, Xiao Z, Wei Z, Long L. Bacterial Communities Associated With Healthy and Bleached Crustose Coralline Alga Porolithon onkodes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:646143. [PMID: 34177828 PMCID: PMC8219876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.646143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustose coralline algae (CCA) play vital roles in producing and stabilizing reef structures and inducing the settlement and metamorphosis of invertebrate larvae in coral reef ecosystems. However, little is known about the bacterial communities associated with healthy and bleached CCA and their interactions with coral larval settlement. We collected samples of healthy, middle semi-bleached, and bleached CCA Porolithon onkodes from Sanya Bay in the South China Sea and investigated their influences on the larval settlement and metamorphosis of the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis. The larval settlement/metamorphosis rates all exceeded 70% when exposed to healthy, middle semi-bleached, and bleached algae. Furthermore, the compositions of bacterial community using amplicon pyrosequencing of the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA were investigated. There were no obvious changes in bacterial community structure among healthy, middle semi-bleached, and bleached algae. Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gammaproteobacteria were dominant in all samples, which may contribute to coral larval settlement. However, the relative abundances of several bacterial communities varied among groups. The relative abundances of Mesoflavibacter, Ruegeria, Nautella, and Alteromonas in bleached samples were more than double those in the healthy samples, whereas Fodinicurvata and unclassified Rhodobacteraceae were significantly lower in the bleached samples. Additionally, others at the genus level increased significantly from 8.5% in the healthy samples to 22.93% in the bleached samples, which may be related to algal bleaching. These results revealed that the microbial community structure associated with P. onkodes generally displayed a degree of stability. Furthermore, bleached alga was still able to induce larval settlement and metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Microbial dysbiosis reflects disease resistance in diverse coral species. Commun Biol 2021; 4:679. [PMID: 34083722 PMCID: PMC8175568 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease outbreaks have caused significant declines of keystone coral species. While forecasting disease outbreaks based on environmental factors has progressed, we still lack a comparative understanding of susceptibility among coral species that would help predict disease impacts on coral communities. The present study compared the phenotypic and microbial responses of seven Caribbean coral species with diverse life-history strategies after exposure to white plague disease. Disease incidence and lesion progression rates were evaluated over a seven-day exposure. Coral microbiomes were sampled after lesion appearance or at the end of the experiment if no disease signs appeared. A spectrum of disease susceptibility was observed among the coral species that corresponded to microbial dysbiosis. This dysbiosis promotes greater disease susceptiblity in coral perhaps through different tolerant thresholds for change in the microbiome. The different disease susceptibility can affect coral’s ecological function and ultimately shape reef ecosystems. MacKnight et al. compared the phenotypic and microbial responses of seven Caribbean coral species with diverse life-history strategies after exposure to white plague disease. The different species exhibited a spectrum of disease susceptibility and associated mortality that corresponded with their tolerances to microbial change, indicating that coral disease and microbial dysbiosis may ultimately shape reef ecosystems.
Collapse
|
31
|
Davis KM, Mazel F, Parfrey LW. The microbiota of intertidal macroalgae Fucus distichus is site-specific and resistant to change following transplant. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:2617-2631. [PMID: 33817918 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear how host-associated microbial communities will be affected by future environmental change. Characterizing how microbiota differ across sites with varying environmental conditions and assessing the stability of the microbiota in response to abiotic variation are critical steps towards predicting outcomes of environmental change. Intertidal organisms are valuable study systems because they experience extreme variation in environmental conditions on tractable timescales such as tide cycles and across small spatial gradients in the intertidal zone. Here we show a widespread intertidal macroalgae, Fucus distichus, hosts site-specific microbiota over small (meters to kilometres) spatial scales. We demonstrate stability of site-specific microbial associations by manipulating the host environment and microbial species pool with common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments. We hypothesized that F. distichus microbiota would readily shift to reflect the contemporary environment due to selective filtering by abiotic conditions and/or colonization by microbes from the new environment or nearby hosts. Instead, F. distichus microbiota was stable for days after transplantation in both the laboratory and field. Our findings expand the current understanding of microbiota dynamics on an intertidal foundation species. These results may also point to adaptations for withstanding short-term environmental variation, in hosts and/or microbes, facilitating stable host-microbial associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Davis
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Florent Mazel
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Laura Wegener Parfrey
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wolter LA, Mitulla M, Kalem J, Daniel R, Simon M, Wietz M. CAZymes in Maribacter dokdonensis 62-1 From the Patagonian Shelf: Genomics and Physiology Compared to Related Flavobacteria and a Co-occurring Alteromonas Strain. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628055. [PMID: 33912144 PMCID: PMC8072126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are an important feature of bacteria in productive marine systems such as continental shelves, where phytoplankton and macroalgae produce diverse polysaccharides. We herein describe Maribacter dokdonensis 62–1, a novel strain of this flavobacterial species, isolated from alginate-supplemented seawater collected at the Patagonian continental shelf. M. dokdonensis 62–1 harbors a diverse array of CAZymes in multiple polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL). Two PUL encoding polysaccharide lyases from families 6, 7, 12, and 17 allow substantial growth with alginate as sole carbon source, with simultaneous utilization of mannuronate and guluronate as demonstrated by HPLC. Furthermore, strain 62-1 harbors a mixed-feature PUL encoding both ulvan- and fucoidan-targeting CAZymes. Core-genome phylogeny and pangenome analysis revealed variable occurrence of these PUL in related Maribacter and Zobellia strains, indicating specialization to certain “polysaccharide niches.” Furthermore, lineage- and strain-specific genomic signatures for exopolysaccharide synthesis possibly mediate distinct strategies for surface attachment and host interaction. The wide detection of CAZyme homologs in algae-derived metagenomes suggests global occurrence in algal holobionts, supported by sharing multiple adaptive features with the hydrolytic model flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans. Comparison with Alteromonas sp. 76-1 isolated from the same seawater sample revealed that these co-occurring strains target similar polysaccharides but with different genomic repertoires, coincident with differing growth behavior on alginate that might mediate ecological specialization. Altogether, our study contributes to the perception of Maribacter as versatile flavobacterial polysaccharide degrader, with implications for biogeochemical cycles, niche specialization and bacteria-algae interactions in the oceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Wolter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany.,JST ERATO Nomura Project, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Maximilian Mitulla
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jovan Kalem
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wietz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jurelevicius D, Cotta SR, Montezzi LF, Dias ACF, Mason OU, Picão RC, Jansson JK, Seldin L. Enrichment of potential pathogens in marine microbiomes with different degrees of anthropogenic activity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115757. [PMID: 33168375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities in coastal marine ecosystems can lead to an increase in the abundance of potentially harmful microorganisms in the marine environment. To understand anthropogenic impacts on the marine microbiome, we first used publicly available microbial phylogenetic and functional data to establish a dataset of bacterial genera potentially related to pathogens that cause diseases (BGPRD) in marine organisms. Representatives of low-, medium- and highly impacted marine coastal environments were selected, and the abundance and composition of their microbial communities were determined by quantitative PCR and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. In total, 72 BGPRD were cataloged, and 11, 36 and 37 BGPRD were found in low-, medium- and highly human-impacted ecosystems, respectively. The absolute abundance of BGPRD and the co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (AGR) increased with the degree of anthropogenic perturbation in these ecosystems. Anthropogenically impacted coastal microbiomes were compositionally and functionally distinct from those of less impacted sites, presenting features that may contribute to adverse outcomes for marine macrobiota in the Anthropocene era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Jurelevicius
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Simone R Cotta
- ESALQ - Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara F Montezzi
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Armando C F Dias
- ESALQ - Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Olivia U Mason
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Renata C Picão
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Earth and Biological, Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lucy Seldin
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abdul Malik SA, Bazire A, Gamboa-Muñoz A, Bedoux G, Robledo D, García-Maldonado JQ, Bourgougnon N. Screening of Surface-associated Bacteria from the Mexican Red Alga Halymenia floresii for Quorum Sensing Activity. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261720060132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
35
|
Ihua MW, FitzGerald JA, Guihéneuf F, Jackson SA, Claesson MJ, Stengel DB, Dobson ADW. Diversity of bacteria populations associated with different thallus regions of the brown alga Laminaria digitata. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242675. [PMID: 33237941 PMCID: PMC7688147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stipitate kelp species such as Laminaria digitata dominate most cold-water subtidal rocky shores and form underwater forests which are among the most productive coastal systems worldwide. Laminaria also sustains rich bacterial communities which offer a variety of biotechnological applications. However, to date, in-depth studies on the diversity and uniqueness of bacterial communities associated with this macroalgal species, their ecological role and their interactions with the alga are under-represented. To address this, the epibacterial populations associated with different thallus regions (holdfast, stipe, meristem, blade) of this brown seaweed were investigated using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. The results show that epibacterial communities of the brown seaweed are significantly different and specific to the thallus region, with the shared bacterial population comprising of only 1.1% of the total amplicon sequence variants. The diverse holdfast and blade tissues formed distinct clusters while the meristem and stipe regions are more closely related. The data obtained further supports the hypothesis that macroalgal bacterial communities are shaped by morphological niches and display specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen W. Ihua
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jamie A. FitzGerald
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Marcus J. Claesson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dagmar B. Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan D. W. Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ooi MC, Goulden EF, Trotter AJ, Smith GG, Bridle AR. Aquimarina sp. Associated With a Cuticular Disease of Cultured Larval Palinurid and Scyllarid Lobsters. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573588. [PMID: 33162955 PMCID: PMC7581904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shell (cuticular) disease manifests in various forms and affects many crustaceans, including lobsters. Outbreaks of white leg disease (WLD) with distinct signs of pereiopod tissue whitening and death have been observed in cultured larvae (phyllosomas) of ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus, eastern rock lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi, and slipper lobster Thenus australiensis. This study aimed to characterise and identify the causative agent of WLD through morphological and molecular (16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing) analysis, experimental infection of damaged/undamaged P. ornatus and T. australiensis phyllosomas, and bacterial community analysis (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) of P. ornatus phyllosomas presenting with WLD during an outbreak. Bacterial communities of WLD-affected pereiopods showed low bacterial diversity and dominant abundance of Aquimarina spp. compared to healthy pereiopods, which were more diverse and enriched with Sulfitobacter spp. 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing of cultures from disease outbreaks identified the dominant bacterial isolate (TRL1) as a Gram-negative, long non-flagellated rod with 100% sequence identity to Aquimarina hainanensis. Aquimarina sp. TRL1 was demonstrated through comparative genome analysis (99.99% OrthoANIu) as the bacterium reisolated from experimentally infected phyllosomas presenting with typical signs of WLD. Pereiopod damage was a major predisposing factor to WLD. Histopathological examination of WLD-affected pereiopods showed masses of internalised bacteria and loss of structural integrity, suggesting that Aquimarina sp. TRL1 could enter the circulatory system and cause death by septicaemia. Aquimarina sp. TRL1 appears to have important genomic traits (e.g., tissue-degrading enzymes, gliding motility, and aggregate-promoting factors) implicated in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. We have shown that Aquimarina sp. TRL1 is the aetiological agent of WLD in cultured Palinurid and Scyllarid phyllosomas and that damaged pereiopods are a predisposing factor to WLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei C Ooi
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Evan F Goulden
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bribie Island Research Centre, Woorim, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J Trotter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bridle
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Quigley CTC, Capistrant-Fossa KA, Morrison HG, Johnson LE, Morozov A, Hertzberg VS, Brawley SH. Bacterial Communities Show Algal Host ( Fucus spp.)/Zone Differentiation Across the Stress Gradient of the Intertidal Zone. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:563118. [PMID: 33072025 PMCID: PMC7541829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.563118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intertidal zone often has varying levels of environmental stresses (desiccation, temperature, light) that result in highly stress-tolerant macrobiota occupying the upper zone while less tolerant species occupy the lower zone, but little comparative information is available for intertidal bacteria. Here we describe natural (unmanipulated) bacterial communities of three Fucus congeners (F. spiralis, high zone; F. vesiculosus, mid zone; F. distichus, low zone) as well as those of F. vesiculosus transplanted to the high zone (Dry and Watered treatments) and to the mid zone (Procedural Control) during summer in Maine (United States). We predicted that bacterial communities would be different among the differently zoned natural congeners, and that higher levels of desiccation stress in the high zone would cause bacterial communities of Dry transplants to become similar to F. spiralis, whereas relieving desiccation stress on Watered transplants would maintain the mid-zone F. vesiculosus bacterial community. Bacteria were identified as amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) after sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Microbiome composition and structure were significantly different between the differently zoned congeners at each tissue type (holdfasts, receptacles, vegetative tips). ASVs significantly associated with the mid-zone congener were frequently also present on the high-zone or low-zone congener, whereas overlap in ASVs between the high-zone and low-zone congeners was rare. Only 7 of 6,320 total ASVs were shared among tissues over all congeners and transplant treatments. Holdfast bacterial community composition of Dry transplants was not significantly different from that of F. spiralis, but Watered holdfast communities were significantly different from those of F. spiralis and not significantly different from those of procedural controls. Additional stressor(s) appeared important, because bacterial communities of Dry and Watered transplants were only marginally different from each other (p = 0.059). The relative abundance of Rhodobacteraceae associated with holdfasts generally correlated with environmental stress with highest abundance associated with F. spiralis and the two high-zone transplant treatments. These findings suggest that the abiotic stressors that shape distributional patterns of host species also affect their bacterial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hilary G Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Ladd E Johnson
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Aleksey Morozov
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Vicki S Hertzberg
- Center for Data Science, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Susan H Brawley
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pavlinec Ž, Zupičić IG, Oraić D, Petani B, Mustać B, Mihaljević Ž, Beck R, Zrnčić S. Assessment of predominant bacteria in noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) collected in the Eastern Adriatic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:581. [PMID: 32789571 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) is an endemic species and the largest known bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea. By filtering large amounts of water, they maintain a high percentage of organic matter, hence playing an important role in the marine ecosystem. The ecological community of pen shells is impressive, and there are numerous microorganisms present in its soft tissues. Since this species is highly endangered due to recently described mass mortalities throughout the Mediterranean, this study was aimed at finding out more about its microbiome. In this study, we identified the predominant bacterial populations of specimens collected at three separate locations along the Eastern Adriatic coast. The predominant bacteria were isolated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify eight different bacterial genera: Aestuariibacter sp., Aliivibrio sp., Alteromonas sp., Marinobacter sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Rubritalea sp., Thalassospira sp. and the Vibrio splendidus clade. The identified genera are ubiquitous in the marine environment and have previously been described as both beneficial symbionts and potential pathogens in other molluscs. There was a clear difference in the predominant bacterial populations between northern and southern sampling sites, which could be linked to water temperature. These findings indicate the need for expanded sampling over a longer time period, since more exhaustive research would provide information vital to the conservation of this critically endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željko Pavlinec
- Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Giovanna Zupičić
- Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Oraić
- Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruna Petani
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Trg Kneza Višeslava 9, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Bosiljka Mustać
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Trg Kneza Višeslava 9, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Željko Mihaljević
- Laboratory for Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Relja Beck
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Zrnčić
- Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zha H, Lewis G, Waite DW, Wu J, Chang K, Dong Y, Jeffs A. Bacterial communities associated with tail fan necrosis in spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5492258. [PMID: 31107952 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiny lobsters are among the most valuable seafood products, but their commercial value is greatly diminished by tail fan necrosis (TFN), an unsightly blackening and erosion of the posterior margins on the abdomen. The condition results from bacterial incursion following physical damage to the cuticle. In this current study, the bacterial communities on the cuticle of tail fans of wild spiny lobsters with and without TFN were examined using 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing to identify whether there is a group of bacteria associated with TFN. The bacterial communities in the affected cuticle had significantly less richness, diversity and evenness, but greater variability between samples than those in unaffected cuticle. There were 21 phylotypes closely associated with TFN, of which, those belonging to Aquimarina, Flavobacterium, Neptunomonas, Streptomyces, Flavobacteriaceae and Thiohalorhabdales were most important. The affected cuticle samples were clustered into two microbial colonization states, each characterized by distinct phylotypes that are closely associated with TFN, suggesting different phylotypes were associated with different microbial colonization states of TFN. These bacteria appear to develop their association through opportunistic pathways created by the provision of changes in the bacterial habitat associated with injury to the cuticle or compromised immunity subsequent to the injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zha
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Gillian Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David W Waite
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jieyun Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yimin Dong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sun F, Yang H, Wang G, Shi Q. Combination Analysis of Metatranscriptome and Metagenome Reveal the Composition and Functional Response of Coral Symbionts to Bleaching During an El Niño Event. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:448. [PMID: 32265879 PMCID: PMC7104784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the abnormal rise in ocean temperatures globally in recent years, coral bleaching is becoming common and serious. However, the response mechanisms and processes of coral symbionts to bleaching are not well understood. In this study, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to explore the composition of coral symbionts and their functions in response to coral bleaching. All four bleaching coral species displayed a significant reduction of the abundance and function of Dinophyceae-like eukaryotes at the DNA and RNA levels. However, different species of bleaching coral have their own characteristic symbiotic components. Bleaching Acropora tenuis and Goniastrea minuta corals exhibited a very high abundance of prokaryotes and associated gene functions, especially for opportunistic bacteria. In contrast, algae and fungi were identified as the main microbial associate components and had relatively high RNA abundance in bleaching Pocillopora verrucosa and Pocillopora meandrina. Different coral species, whether unbleached or bleaching, have the same symbiotic taxa that perform the same biological functions in vivo. Different stages of bleaching, or transitional states, were identified by different genome content and functional gene abundance among bleaching corals. These stages should be considered in future coral bleaching studies to accurately determine symbiont structure and function. An implicit hypothesis is that there is a causal relationship between the stability of eukaryotic communities and coral bleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Sun
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Institute of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Institute of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan Wang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Institute of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shi
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Institute of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nappi J, Soldi E, Egan S. Diversity and Distribution of Bacteria Producing Known Secondary Metabolites. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:885-894. [PMID: 31016338 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the utilisation of marine bioactive compounds as novel biopharmaceuticals and agrichemicals; however, little is known about the environmental distribution for many of these molecules. Here, we aimed to elucidate the environmental distribution and to detect the biosynthetic gene clusters in environmental samples of four bioactive compounds, namely violacein, tropodithietic acid (TDA), tambjamine and the antibacterial protein AlpP. Our database analyses revealed high bacterial diversity for AlpP and violacein producers, while TDA-producing bacteria were mostly associated with marine surfaces and all belonged to the roseobacter group. In contrast, the tambjamine cluster was only found in the genomes of two Pseudoalteromonas species and in one terrestrial species belonging to the Cupriavidus genus. Using a PCR-based screen of different marine samples, we detected TDA and violacein genes associated with the microbiome of Ulva and Protohyale niger and tambjamine genes associated with Nodilittorina unifasciata; however, alpP was not detected. These results highlight the variable distribution of the genes encoding these four bioactive compounds, including their detection from the surface of multiple marine eukaryotic hosts. Determining the natural distribution of these gene clusters will help to understand the ecological importance of these metabolites and the bacteria that produce them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Nappi
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Soldi
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Quéré G, Intertaglia L, Payri C, Galand PE. Disease Specific Bacterial Communities in a Coralline Algae of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: A Combined Culture Dependent and -Independent Approach. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1850. [PMID: 31555220 PMCID: PMC6722220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustose coralline red algae (CCA) are important components of marine ecosystems thriving from tropical waters and up to the poles. They fulfill important ecological services including framework building and induction of larval settlement. Like other marine organisms, CCAs have not been spared by the increase in marine disease outbreaks. The white-band syndrome has been recently observed in corallines from the Mediterranean Sea indicating that the disease threat has extended from tropical to temperate waters. Here, we examined the microbiome and the pathobiome of healthy and diseased Neogoniolithon brassica-florida coralline algae in the Mediterranean Sea by combining culture-dependent and -independent approaches. The coralline white-band syndrome was associated with a distinct pathobiome compared to healthy tissues and showed similarities with the white-band syndrome described in the Caribbean Sea. A sequence related to the genus Hoeflea, order Rhizobiales, characterized the white-band disease pathobiome described by amplicon sequencing. No representative of this genus was isolated by culture. We, however, successfully isolated an abundant member of the healthy CCA microbiome, an Alphaproteobateria of the family Rhodobacteraceae. In conclusion, we did not identify a potential causative agent of the disease, but through the complementarity of culture dependent and independent approaches we characterized the healthy microbiome of the coralline and the possible opportunistic bacteria colonizing diseased tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Quéré
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 'Ecologie Marine Tropicale des Océans Pacifique et Indien', IRD, CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Laurent Intertaglia
- Plateforme Bio2Mar, CNRS, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Claude Payri
- UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 'Ecologie Marine Tropicale des Océans Pacifique et Indien', IRD, CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Pierre E Galand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Breider S, Sehar S, Berger M, Thomas T, Brinkhoff T, Egan S. Genome sequence of Epibacterium ulvae strain DSM 24752 T, an indigoidine-producing, macroalga-associated member of the marine Roseobacter group. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 33902719 PMCID: PMC7989816 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-019-0343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strain U95T (= DSM 24752T = LMG 26464T) is the type strain of Epibacterium ulvae, which is the type species of the genus Epibacterium. This genus belongs to the marine Roseobacter group. E. ulvae Strain U95T was isolated from the macroalga Ulva australis, is Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile. Here we describe the permanent draft genome sequence and annotation of E. ulvae U95T with a focus on secondary metabolite production and interaction with its host. The genome contains 4,092,893 bp, 3977 protein-coding genes and 60 RNA genes. The genome encodes a gene cluster for synthesis of the blue-pigmented secondary metabolite indigoidine and contains several genes for adhesion mechanisms, putative bacteriocin, siderophores, a type VI secretion system, and enzymes that confer oxidative stress resistance. Combined, these features may aid in the successful colonization and persistence of E. ulvae on host surfaces and in competition with the surrounding microbial consortium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Breider
- Department of Biology of Geological Processes - Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Shama Sehar
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI), School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martine Berger
- Department of Biology of Geological Processes - Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI), School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Thorsten Brinkhoff
- Department of Biology of Geological Processes - Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI), School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Silva SG, Blom J, Keller‐Costa T, Costa R. Comparative genomics reveals complex natural product biosynthesis capacities and carbon metabolism across host‐associated and free‐living
Aquimarina
(
Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriaceae
) species. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4002-4019. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G. Silva
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Tina Keller‐Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) Algarve University 8005‐139 Faro Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yan YW, Yang HC, Tang L, Li J, Mao YX, Mo ZL. Compositional Shifts of Bacterial Communities Associated With Pyropia yezoensis and Surrounding Seawater Co-occurring With Red Rot Disease. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1666. [PMID: 31396184 PMCID: PMC6664831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis is commercially the most important edible red alga in China, and red rot disease is viewed as one of the major constraints for its cultivation. Microbes within the oomycetic genus Pythium have been reported as the causative agents for this disease; however, little is known about the interactions between the disease and the epiphytic and planktonic bacterial communities. In the present study, bacterial communities associated with uninfected, locally infected, and seriously infected thalli collected from cultivation farms, and within seawater adjacent to the thalli, were investigated using in-depth 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing in conjunction with assessing multiple environmental factors. For both thalli and seawater, uninfected and infected communities were significantly different though alpha diversity was similar. Phylogenetic differences between epiphytic bacterial communities associated with P. yezoensis were mainly reflected by the relative changes in the dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned as genus Flavirhabdus, genus Sulfitobacter, and family Rhodobacteraceae. The prevalent OTUs in seawater also differed in relative abundance across the communities and were affiliated with diverse taxa, including the phyla Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes, and the classes Alpha- and Gamma-proteobacteria. The differentiation of bacterial communities associated with P. yezoensis and seawater was primarily shaped by reactive silicate (RS) content and salinity, respectively. In particular, 14 potential indicators (two OTUs on P. yezoensis and twelve OTUs in seawater) were identified that significantly differentiated P. yezoensis health statuses and correlated with environmental changes. Overall, the present study provides insights into the alterations of bacterial communities associated with P. yezoensis and surrounding seawater co-occurring with red rot disease. Observed changes were closely associated with health status of algal host, and highlight the potential of using community differentiation to forecast disease occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Yan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Mo
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
The Macroalgal Holobiont in a Changing Sea. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:635-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
47
|
Song W, Thomas T, Edwards RJ. Complete genome sequences of pooled genomic DNA from 10 marine bacteria using PacBio long-read sequencing. Mar Genomics 2019; 48:100687. [PMID: 31129166 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-quality, completed genomes are important to understand the functions of marine bacteria. PacBio sequencing technology provides a powerful way to obtain high-quality completed genomes. However individual library production is currently still costly, limiting the utility of the PacBio system for high-throughput genomics. Here we investigate how to generate high-quality genomes from pooled marine bacterial genomes. RESULTS Pooled genomic DNA from 10 marine bacteria were subjected to a single library production and sequenced with eight SMRT cells on the PacBio RS II sequencing platform. In total, 7.35 Gbp of long-read data was generated, which is equivalent to an approximate 168× average coverage for the input genomes. Genome assembly showed that eight genomes with average nucleotide identities (ANI) lower than 91.4% can be assembled with high-quality and completion using standard assembly algorithms (e.g. HGAP or Canu). A reference-based reads phasing step was developed and incorporated to assemble the complete genomes of the remaining two marine bacteria that had an ANI > 97% and whose initial assemblies were highly fragmented. CONCLUSIONS Ten complete high-quality genomes of marine bacteria were generated. The findings and developments made here, including the reference-based read phasing approach for the assembly of highly similar genomes, can be used in the future to design strategies to sequence pooled genomes using long-read sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Song
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Richard J Edwards
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Comparative genome analysis provides novel insight into the interaction of Aquimarina sp. AD1, BL5 and AD10 with their macroalgal host. Mar Genomics 2019; 46:8-15. [PMID: 30852185 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Aquimarina genus is widely distributed throughout the marine environment, however little is understood regarding its ecological role, particularly when in association with eukaryotic hosts. Here, we examine the genomes of two opportunistic pathogens, Aquimarina sp. AD1 and BL5, and a non-pathogenic strain Aquimarina sp. AD10, that were isolated from diseased individuals of the red alga Delisea pulchra. Each strain encodes multiple genes for the degradation of marine carbohydrates and vitamin biosynthesis. These traits are hypothesised to promote nutrient exchange between the Aquimarina strains and their algal host, facilitating a close symbiotic relationship. Moreover, each strain harbours the necessary genes for the assembly of a Type 9 Secretion System (T9SS) and the associated gliding motility apparatus. In addition to these common features, pathogenic strains AD1 and BL5, encode genes for the production of flexirubin type pigments and a number of unique non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS) gene clusters, suggesting a role for these uncharacterised traits in virulence. This study provides valuable insight into the potential ecological role of Aquimarina in the marine environment and the complex factors driving pathogenesis and symbiosis in this genus.
Collapse
|
49
|
Qiu Z, Coleman MA, Provost E, Campbell AH, Kelaher BP, Dalton SJ, Thomas T, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Future climate change is predicted to affect the microbiome and condition of habitat-forming kelp. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20181887. [PMID: 30963929 PMCID: PMC6408609 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is driving global declines of marine habitat-forming species through physiological effects and through changes to ecological interactions, with projected trajectories for ocean warming and acidification likely to exacerbate such impacts in coming decades. Interactions between habitat-formers and their microbiomes are fundamental for host functioning and resilience, but how such relationships will change in future conditions is largely unknown. We investigated independent and interactive effects of warming and acidification on a large brown seaweed, the kelp Ecklonia radiata, and its associated microbiome in experimental mesocosms. Microbial communities were affected by warming and, during the first week, by acidification. During the second week, kelp developed disease-like symptoms previously observed in the field. The tissue of some kelp blistered, bleached and eventually degraded, particularly under the acidification treatments, affecting photosynthetic efficiency. Microbial communities differed between blistered and healthy kelp for all treatments, except for those under future conditions of warming and acidification, which after two weeks resembled assemblages associated with healthy hosts. This indicates that changes in the microbiome were not easily predictable as the severity of future climate scenarios increased. Future ocean conditions can change kelp microbiomes and may lead to host disease, with potentially cascading impacts on associated ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Qiu
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Euan Provost
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Alexandra H. Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Brendan P. Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Steven J. Dalton
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Interactions within the microbiome alter microbial interactions with host chemical defences and affect disease in a marine holobiont. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1363. [PMID: 30718608 PMCID: PMC6361982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of diseases has been transformed by the realisation that people are holobionts, comprised of a host and its associated microbiome(s). Disease can also have devastating effects on populations of marine organisms, including dominant habitat formers such as seaweed holobionts. However, we know very little about how interactions between microorganisms within microbiomes - of humans or marine organisms – affect host health and there is no underpinning theoretical framework for exploring this. We applied ecological models of succession to bacterial communities to understand how interactions within a seaweed microbiome affect the host. We observed succession of surface microbiomes on the red seaweed Delisea pulchra in situ, following a disturbance, with communities ‘recovering’ to resemble undisturbed states after only 12 days. Further, if this recovery was perturbed, a bleaching disease previously described for this seaweed developed. Early successional strains of bacteria protected the host from colonisation by a pathogenic, later successional strain. Host chemical defences also prevented disease, such that within-microbiome interactions were most important when the host’s chemical defences were inhibited. This is the first experimental evidence that interactions within microbiomes have important implications for host health and disease in a dominant marine habitat-forming organism.
Collapse
|