1
|
Jan H, Ghayas S, Higazy D, Ahmad NM, Yaghmur A, Ciofu O. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of antibiotic-free phosphatidylglycerol/docosahexaenoic acid lamellar and non-lamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:537-551. [PMID: 38729002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly those associated with biofilms, are challenging to treat due to an increased tolerance to commonly used antibiotics. This underscores the urgent need for innovative antimicrobial strategies. Here, we present an alternative simple-by-design approach focusing on the development of biocompatible and antibiotic-free nanocarriers from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that has the potential to combat microbial infections and phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), which is attractive for use as a biocompatible prominent amphiphilic component of Gram-positive bacterial cell membranes. We assessed the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities of these nanoformulations (hexosomes and vesicles) against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, which are the most common causes of infections on catheters and medical devices by different methods (including resazurin assay, time-kill assay, and confocal laser scanning microscopy on an in vitro catheter biofilm model). In a DHA-concentration-dependent manner, these nano-self-assemblies demonstrated strong anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities, particularly against S. aureus. A five-fold reduction of the planktonic and a four-fold reduction of biofilm populations of S. aureus were observed after treatment with hexosomes. The nanoparticles had a bacteriostatic effect against S. epidermidis planktonic cells but no anti-biofilm activity was detected. We discuss the findings in terms of nanoparticle-bacterial cell interactions, plausible alterations in the phospholipid membrane composition, and potential penetration of DHA into these membranes, leading to changes in their structural and biophysical properties. The implications for the future development of biocompatible nanocarriers for the delivery of DHA alone or in combination with other anti-bacterial agents are discussed, as novel treatment strategies of Gram-positive infections, including biofilm-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habibullah Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sana Ghayas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Doaa Higazy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nasir Mahmood Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Oana Ciofu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu J, Han W, Xu Y, Shen L, Zhao H, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Guo Y, Yu F. Biofilm-producing ability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinically isolated in China. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:241. [PMID: 38961344 PMCID: PMC11223284 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus, a commensal bacterium, colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of approximately 30% of the human population. Apart from conventional resistance mechanisms, one of the pathogenic features of S. aureus is its ability to survive in a biofilm state on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Due to this characteristic, S. aureus is a major cause of human infections, with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being a significant contributor to both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections. RESULTS Analyzing non-repetitive clinical isolates of MRSA collected from seven provinces and cities in China between 2014 and 2020, it was observed that 53.2% of the MRSA isolates exhibited varying degrees of ability to produce biofilm. The biofilm positivity rate was notably high in MRSA isolates from Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Hubei. The predominant MRSA strains collected in this study were of sequence types ST59, ST5, and ST239, with the biofilm-producing capability mainly distributed among moderate and weak biofilm producers within these ST types. Notably, certain sequence types, such as ST88, exhibited a high prevalence of strong biofilm-producing strains. The study found that SCCmec IV was the predominant type among biofilm-positive MRSA, followed by SCCmec II. Comparing strains with weak and strong biofilm production capabilities, the positive rates of the sdrD and sdrE were higher in strong biofilm producers. The genetic determinants ebp, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, icaR, and sdrE were associated with strong biofilm production in MRSA. Additionally, biofilm-negative MRSA isolates showed higher sensitivity rates to cefalotin (94.8%), daptomycin (94.5%), mupirocin (86.5%), teicoplanin (94.5%), fusidic acid (81.0%), and dalbavancin (94.5%) compared to biofilm-positive MRSA isolates. The biofilm positivity rate was consistently above 50% in all collected specimen types. CONCLUSIONS MRSA strains with biofilm production capability warrant increased vigilance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanghua Xiao
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yinjuan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Viquez C, Rojas-Gätjens D, Mesén-Porras E, Avendaño R, Sasa M, Lomonte B, Chavarría M. Venom-microbiomics of eight species of Neotropical spiders from the Theraphosidae family. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae113. [PMID: 38692848 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM Tarantulas are one of the largest predatory arthropods in tropical regions. Tarantulas though not lethal to humans, their venomous bite kills small animals and insect upon which they prey. To understand the abiotic and biotic components involved in Neotropical tarantula bites, we conducted a venom-microbiomics study in eight species from Costa Rica. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined that the toxin profiles of tarantula venom are highly diverse using shotgun proteomics; the most frequently encountered toxins were ω-Ap2 toxin, neprilysin-1, and several teraphotoxins. Through culture-independent and culture-dependent methods, we determined the microbiota present in the venom and excreta to evaluate the presence of pathogens that could contribute to primary infections in animals, including humans. The presence of opportunistic pathogens with hemolytic activity was observed, with a prominence of Stenotrophomonas in the venoms. Other bacteria found in venoms and excreta with hemolytic activity included members of the genera Serratia, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Microbacterium, and Morganella. CONCLUSIONS Our data shed light on the venom- and gut-microbiome associated with Neotropical tarantulas. This information may be useful for treating bites from these arthropods in both humans and farm animals, while also providing insight into the toxins and biodiversity of this little-explored microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Viquez
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Oficina subregional de Alajuela, Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC), Ministerio Ambiente y Energía (MINAE), Alajuela 20101, Costa Rica
| | - Diego Rojas-Gätjens
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Esteve Mesén-Porras
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Avendaño
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Mahmood Sasa
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Museo de Zoología, Centro de Investigación de Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Kim R, Wang Y, Furtado KL, Sims CE, Tamayo R, Allbritton NL. In vitro co-culture of Clostridium scindens with primary human colonic epithelium protects the epithelium against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1382389. [PMID: 38681959 PMCID: PMC11045926 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1382389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex and dynamic network of interactions exists between human gastrointestinal epithelium and intestinal microbiota. Therefore, comprehending intestinal microbe-epithelial cell interactions is critical for the understanding and treatment of intestinal diseases. Primary human colonic epithelial cells derived from a healthy human donor were co-cultured with Clostridium scindens (C. scindens), a probiotic obligate anaerobe; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a facultative anaerobe and intestinal pathogen; or both bacterial species in tandem. The co-culture hanging basket platform used for these experiments possessed walls of controlled oxygen (O2) permeability to support the formation of an O2 gradient across the intestinal epithelium using cellular O2 consumption, resulting in an anaerobic luminal and aerobic basal compartment. Both the colonic epithelial cells and C. scindens remained viable over 48 h during co-culture. In contrast, co-culture with S. aureus elicited significant damage to colonic epithelial cells within 24 h. To explore the influence of the intestinal pathogen on the epithelium in the presence of the probiotic bacteria, colonic epithelial cells were inoculated sequentially with the two bacterial species. Under these conditions, C. scindens was capable of repressing the production of S. aureus enterotoxin. Surprisingly, although C. scindens converted cholic acid to secondary bile acids in the luminal medium, the growth of S. aureus was not significantly inhibited. Nevertheless, this combination of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria was found to benefit the survival of the colonic epithelial cells compared with co-culture of the epithelial cells with S. aureus alone. This platform thus provides an easy-to-use and low-cost tool to study the interaction between intestinal bacteria and colonic cells in vitro to better understand the interplay of intestinal microbiota with human colonic epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen L. Furtado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rita Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gheitasi R, Röll D, Müller MM, Naseri M, König R, Slevogt H, Pletz MW, Makarewicz O. Exploring secretory proteome and cytokine kinetic of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and planktonic bacteria. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334616. [PMID: 38571946 PMCID: PMC10989517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly successful pathogen infecting various body parts and forming biofilms on natural and artificial surfaces resulting in difficult-to-treat and chronic infections. We investigated the secreted cytokines and proteomes of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers exposed to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms or planktonic bacteria. Additionally, the cytokine profiles in sera from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by S. aureus were investigated. The aim was to gain insights into the immune response involved and differentiate between the planktonic and sessile MRSA forms. We identified 321 and 298 targets that were significantly differently expressed in PBMCs when exposed to planktonic or biofilm-embedded bacteria, respectively. PBMCs exposed to planktonic MRSA cells secreted increased levels of TNF-α, while IL-18 was elevated when exposed to the biofilm. The machine-learning analyses of the cytokine profiles obtained for the in vitro PBMCs and CAP sera distinguished between the two types of bacteria forms based on cytokines IL-18, IL12, and IL-17, and with a lower importance IL-6. Particularly, IL-18 which has not been correlated with S. aureus biofilms so far might represent a suitable marker for monitoring chronification during MRSA infection to individualize the therapy, but this hypothesis must be proved in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Gheitasi
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Röll
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario M Müller
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center - Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohadeseh Naseri
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center - Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Respiratory Infection Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research-HZI Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage & Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center - Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliwia Makarewicz
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center - Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rosales RS, Ramírez AS, Moya-Gil E, de la Fuente SN, Suárez-Pérez A, Poveda JB. Microbiological Survey and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Microorganisms Obtained from Suspect Cases of Canine Otitis Externa in Gran Canaria, Spain. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:742. [PMID: 38473127 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study of microbiological laboratory results from 2020 to 2022, obtained from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory of the island of Gran Canaria, Spain, focused on canine otitis cases, was performed. The objective of this study was to analyze the pathogen distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, prevalence of multidrug resistant phenotypes and the role of coinfections in otitis cases in order to provide up-to-date evidence that could support effective control strategies for this prevalent pathology. A total of 604 submissions were processed for the diagnosis of canine external otitis. Of the samples analyzed, 472 were positive for bacterial or fungal growth (78.1%; 95% CI: 74.8-81.4%). A total of 558 microbiological diagnoses were obtained, divided in 421 bacterial (75.4%; 95% CI: 71.8-79.0%) and 137 fungal (24.6%; 95% CI: 20.9-28.1%) identifications. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Malassezia pachydermatis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most prevalent microorganisms detected in clinical cases of otitis. High level antimicrobial resistance was found for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.7%), Proteus mirabilis (29.4%), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (25.1%) and Escherichia coli (19%). Multidrug-resistant phenotypes were observed in 47% of the bacteria isolated. In addition, a 26.4% prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was detected. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant phenotypes in these bacteria highlights the current necessity for constant up-to-date prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility data that can support evidence-based strategies to effectively tackle this animal and public health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén S Rosales
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
- Análisis Veterinarios Eurofins, Calle Leopoldo Matos, 18, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana S Ramírez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moya-Gil
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Sara N de la Fuente
- Análisis Veterinarios Eurofins, Calle Leopoldo Matos, 18, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Pérez
- Departamento de Patolología Animal, Producción Animal, Bromatología y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - José B Poveda
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kok CR, Bram Z, Thissen JB, Horseman TS, Fong KSK, Reichert-Scrivner SA, Paguirigan C, O'Connor K, Thompson K, Scheiber AE, Mabery S, Ngauy V, Uyehara CF, Be NA. The military gear microbiome: risk factors surrounding the warfighter. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0117623. [PMID: 38170999 PMCID: PMC10807412 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01176-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Combat extremity wounds are highly susceptible to contamination from surrounding environmental material. This bioburden could be partially transferred from materials in immediate proximity to the wound, including fragments of the uniform and gear. However, the assessment of the microbial bioburden present on military gear during operational conditions of deployment or training is relatively unexplored. Opportunistic pathogens that can survive on gear represent risk factors for infection following injury, especially following combat blasts, where fibers and other materials are embedded in wounded tissue. We utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the microbiome composition of different military gear types (boot, trouser, coat, and canteen) from two operational environments (training in Hawai'i and deployed in Indonesia) across time (days 0 and 14). We found that microbiome diversity, stability, and composition were dependent on gear type, training location, and sampling timepoint. At day 14, species diversity was significantly higher in Hawai'i samples compared to Indonesia samples for boot, coat, and trouser swabs. In addition, we observed the presence of potential microbial risk factors, as opportunistic pathogenic species, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus, were found to be present in all sample types and in both study sites. These study outcomes will be used to guide the design of antimicrobial materials and uniforms and for infection control efforts following combat blasts and other injuries, thereby improving treatment guidance during military training and deployment.IMPORTANCECombat extremity wounds are vulnerable to contamination from environments of proximity to the warfighter, leading to potential detrimental outcomes such as infection and delayed wound healing. Therefore, microbial surveillance of such environments is necessary to aid the advancement of military safety and preparedness through clinical diagnostics, treatment protocols, and uniform material design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Car Reen Kok
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | | | - James B. Thissen
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Timothy S. Horseman
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shalini Mabery
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Viseth Ngauy
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A. Be
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guégan R, Cheng X, Huang X, Němečková Z, Kubáňová M, Zelenka J, Ruml T, Grasset F, Sugahara Y, Lang K, Kirakci K. Graphene Oxide Sheets Decorated with Octahedral Molybdenum Cluster Complexes for Enhanced Photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14243-14251. [PMID: 37608779 PMCID: PMC10481373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens poses a significant threat, severely limiting the options for effective antibiotic therapy. This challenge can be overcome through the photoinactivation of pathogenic bacteria using materials generating reactive oxygen species upon exposure to visible light. These species target vital components of living cells, significantly reducing the likelihood of resistance development by the targeted pathogens. In our research, we have developed a nanocomposite material consisting of an aqueous colloidal suspension of graphene oxide sheets adorned with nanoaggregates of octahedral molybdenum cluster complexes. The negative charge of the graphene oxide and the positive charge of the nanoaggregates promoted their electrostatic interaction in aqueous medium and close cohesion between the colloids. Upon illumination with blue light, the colloidal system exerted a potent antibacterial effect against planktonic cultures of Staphylococcus aureus largely surpassing the individual contributions of the components. The underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon lies in the photoinduced electron transfer from the nanoaggregates of the cluster complexes to the graphene oxide sheets, which triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thus, leveraging the unique properties of graphene oxide and light-harvesting octahedral molybdenum cluster complexes can open more effective and resilient antibacterial strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Régis Guégan
- Global
Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda
University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Interfaces,
Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures ICMN-UMR 7374, CNRS-Université d’Orléans, 1 Rue de la Férollerie, Orléans 45100, France
| | - Xiaoxue Cheng
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Zuzana Němečková
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kubáňová
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Praha 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Praha 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Praha 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Fabien Grasset
- Univ Rennes,
CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)-UMR 6226, Rennes 35000, France
- CNRS-Saint-Gobain-NIMS,
IRL3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sugahara
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Kagami
Memorial Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Kamil Lang
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - Kaplan Kirakci
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 250 68, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matuszewska M, Dabrowska A, Murray GGR, Kett SM, Vick AJA, Banister SC, Pantoja Munoz L, Cunningham P, Welch JJ, Holmes MA, Weinert LA. Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0485822. [PMID: 37341608 PMCID: PMC10434045 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04858-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen that also infects other animals. In humans and livestock, where S. aureus is most studied, strains are specialized for different host species. Recent studies have also found S. aureus in diverse wild animals. However, it remains unclear whether these isolates are also specialized for their hosts or whether their presence is due to repeated spillovers from source populations. This study focuses on S. aureus in fish, testing the spillover hypothesis in two ways. First, we examined 12 S. aureus isolates obtained from the internal and external organs of a farmed fish. While all isolates were from clonal complex 45, genomic diversity indicates repeated acquisition. The presence of a φSa3 prophage containing human immune evasion genes suggests that the source was originally human. Second, we tested for S. aureus in wild fish that were isolated from likely sources. In particular, we sampled 123 brown trout and their environment at 16 sites in the remote Scottish Highlands with variable levels of exposure to humans, birds, and livestock. This screen found no S. aureus infection in any of the wild populations or their environment. Together, these results support that the presence of S. aureus in fish and aquaculture is due to spillover from humans rather than specialization. Given the trends of increasing fish consumption, a better understanding of the dynamics of S. aureus spillover in aquaculture will mitigate future risks to fish and human health. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is a human and livestock commensal but also an important pathogen responsible for high human mortality rates and economic losses in farming. Recent studies show that S. aureus is common in wild animals, including fish. However, we do not know whether these animals are part of the normal host range of S. aureus or whether infection is due to repeated spillover events from true S. aureus hosts. Answering this question has implications for public health and conservation. We find support for the spillover hypothesis by combining genome sequencing of S. aureus isolates from farmed fish and screens for S. aureus in isolated wild populations. The results imply that fish are unlikely to be a source of novel emergent S. aureus strains but highlight the prominence of the spillover of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from humans and livestock. This may affect both future fish disease potential and the risk of human food poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja Dabrowska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma G. R. Murray
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London
| | - Steve M. Kett
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy J. A. Vick
- RAL Space (UKRI-STFC), Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sofie C. Banister
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Cunningham
- Wester Ross Fisheries Trust, Harbour Centre, Gairloch, Wester Ross, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Welch
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leclerc Q, Clements A, Dunn H, Hatcher J, Lindsay JA, Grandjean L, Knight GM. Quantifying patient- and hospital-level antimicrobial resistance dynamics in Staphylococcus aureus from routinely collected data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.15.23285946. [PMID: 36824943 PMCID: PMC9949191 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.23285946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to all antibiotic classes has been found in the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus . The reported prevalence of these resistances vary, driven by within-host AMR evolution at the patient level, and between-host transmission at the hospital level. Without dense longitudinal sampling, pragmatic analysis of AMR dynamics at multiple levels using routine surveillance data is essential to inform control measures. We explored S. aureus AMR diversity in 70,000 isolates from a UK paediatric hospital between 2000-2020, using electronic datasets containing multiple routinely collected isolates per patient with phenotypic antibiograms, hospitalisation information, and antibiotic consumption. At the hospital-level, the proportion of isolates that were meticillin-resistant (MRSA) increased between 2014-2020 from 25 to 50%, before sharply decreasing to 30%, likely due to a change in inpatient demographics. Temporal trends in the proportion of isolates resistant to different antibiotics were often correlated in MRSA, but independent in meticillin-susceptible S. aureus . Ciprofloxacin resistance in MRSA decreased from 70% to 40% of tested isolates between 2007-2020, likely linked to a national policy to reduce fluoroquinolone usage in 2007. At the patient level, we identified frequent AMR diversity, with 4% of patients ever positive for S. aureus simultaneously carrying, at some point, multiple isolates with different resistances. We detected changes over time in AMR diversity in 3% of patients ever positive for S. aureus . These changes equally represented gain and loss of resistance. Within this routinely collected dataset, we found that 65% of changes in resistance within a patient’s S. aureus population could not be explained by antibiotic exposure or between-patient transmission of bacteria, suggesting that within-host evolution via frequent gain and loss of AMR genes may be responsible for these changing AMR profiles. Our study highlights the value of exploring existing routine surveillance data to determine underlying mechanisms of AMR. These insights may substantially improve our understanding of the importance of antibiotic exposure variation, and the success of single S. aureus clones.
Collapse
|
11
|
Staphylococcus epidermidis and its dual lifestyle in skin health and infection. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:97-111. [PMID: 36042296 PMCID: PMC9903335 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The coagulase-negative bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the human skin microbiota. S. epidermidis is not merely a passive resident on skin but actively primes the cutaneous immune response, maintains skin homeostasis and prevents opportunistic pathogens from causing disease via colonization resistance. However, it is now appreciated that S. epidermidis and its interactions with the host exist on a spectrum of potential pathogenicity derived from its high strain-level heterogeneity. S. epidermidis is the most common cause of implant-associated infections and is a canonical opportunistic biofilm former. Additional emerging evidence suggests that some strains of S. epidermidis may contribute to the pathogenesis of common skin diseases. Here, we highlight new developments in our understanding of S. epidermidis strain diversity, skin colonization dynamics and its multifaceted interactions with the host and other members of the skin microbiota.
Collapse
|
12
|
Plasma-Generated Nitric Oxide Water Mediates Environmentally Transmitted Pathogenic Bacterial Inactivation via Intracellular Nitrosative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031901. [PMID: 36768225 PMCID: PMC9915551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Over time, the proportion of resistant bacteria will increase. This is a major concern. Therefore, effective and biocompatible therapeutic strategies against these bacteria are urgently needed. Non-thermal plasma has been exhaustively characterized for its antibacterial activity. This study aims to investigate the inactivation efficiency and mechanisms of plasma-generated nitric oxide water (PG-NOW) on pathogenic water, air, soil, and foodborne Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Using a colony-forming unit assay, we found that PG-NOW treatment effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria. Moreover, the intracellular nitric oxide (NO) accumulation was evaluated by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA) staining. The reduction of viable cells unambiguously indicates the anti-microbial effect of PG-NOW. The soxR and soxS genes are associated with nitrosative stress, and oxyR regulation corresponds to oxidative stress in bacterial cells. To support the nitrosative effect mediated by PG-NOW, we have further assessed the soxRS and oxyR gene expressions after treatment. Accordingly, soxRS expression was enhanced, whereas the oxyR expression was decreased following PG-NOW treatment. The disruption of cell morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. In conclusion, our findings furnish evidence of an initiation point for the further progress and development of PG-NOW-based antibacterial treatments.
Collapse
|
13
|
Staphylococcal Corneocyte Adhesion: Assay Optimization and Roles of Aap and SasG Adhesins in the Establishment of Healthy Skin Colonization. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0246922. [PMID: 36219106 PMCID: PMC9769725 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02469-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes the majority of wound and soft tissue infections. The accumulation-associated protein (Aap) from S. epidermidis and surface protein G (SasG) from S. aureus are cell wall-anchored (CWA) proteins known to be important in adhesion to healthy corneocytes from human skin. We investigated the mechanisms by which S. aureus colonizes healthy human skin by developing an optimized corneocyte adhesion assay. Trypan blue was used for enhanced red autofluorescent visualization of corneocytes with an overlay of green-fluorescent bacteria. The percent area of bacterial adhesion for images acquired by a fluorescence microscope was quantified using Fiji ImageJ. Using this optimized imaging procedure, differences in adhesion between various species and strains of staphylococci were measured. The ability of purified SasG to reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion was investigated in order to determine if these CWA proteins can compete for binding sites. To further test CWA-mediated adhesion, we engineered a nonadhering S. carnosus strain to express full-length SasG from two methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Finally, we demonstrated that the SasG A domain was a critical region of this surface protein for adherence to healthy human corneocytes. The developed imaging and expression methods are useful for studying staphylococcal adhesion to healthy human skin and have the potential to be used with a wide variety of fluorescently labeled organisms on both healthy and disease-state (such as atopic dermatitis) corneocytes. IMPORTANCE The skin is the largest organ of the human body and acts as a shield against hazards such as harmful bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. A diverse skin microbiota and immune cross talk control S. aureus numbers. S. aureus can bind to healthy skin and subsequently proliferate when the skin barrier is compromised, such as in a wound or in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). It is important to understand these mechanisms in an effort to prevent pathogenic bacteria from causing infection. We describe an augmented corneocyte adhesion assay using fluorescence microscopy to study binding of various staphylococcal species to healthy human skin cells. In addition, we tested the ability of homologous proteins from different staphylococcal species to reduce binding, and developed a new S. carnosus expression system to test individual protein binding properties. Our newly developed methods and findings will enhance the understanding of how staphylococci bind to healthy human skin.
Collapse
|
14
|
The survival of epidemic and sporadic MRSA on human skin mimics is determined by both host and bacterial factors. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e203. [PMID: 36382385 PMCID: PMC9987022 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial survival on, and interactions with, human skin may explain the epidemiological success of MRSA strains. We evaluated the bacterial counts for 27 epidemic and 31 sporadic MRSA strains on 3D epidermal models based on N/TERT cells (NEMs) after 1, 2 and 8 days. In addition, the expression of antimicrobial peptides (hBD-2, RNase 7), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and chemokine IL-8 by NEMs was assessed using immunoassays and the expression of 43 S. aureus virulence factors was determined by a multiplex competitive Luminex assay. To explore donor variation, bacterial counts for five epidemic and seven sporadic MRSA strains were determined on 3D primary keratinocyte models (LEMs) from three human donors. Bacterial survival was comparable on NEMs between the two groups, but on LEMs, sporadic strains showed significantly lower survival numbers compared to epidemic strains. Both groups triggered the expression of immune factors. Upon interaction with NEMs, only the epidemic MRSA strains expressed pore-forming toxins, including alpha-hemolysin (Hla), gamma-hemolysin (HlgB), Panton-Valentine leucocidin (LukS) and LukED. Together, these data indicate that the outcome of the interaction between MRSA and human skin mimics, depends on the unique combination of bacterial strain and host factors.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen B, Li S, Lin S, Huang M, Dong H. The association between antibiotics and community-associated Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the United States population: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31702. [PMID: 36397391 PMCID: PMC9666097 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization is a seriously opportunistic infection. However, there is a lack of research of relationship between antibiotics and S aureus colonization in the general population. Through a cross-sectional investigation, this study intends to establish the parameters related to S aureus nasal colonization, specifically the function antibiotics play in colonization. The key information from 2001 to 2004 was abstracted from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including information on general demographics, health care status, antibiotic prescription, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoke exposure. The participants colonized with methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA), or methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) were defined as the case group, and the control group was subjects without positive S aureus colonization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the variables associated with MSSA and MRSA colonization. The records of 18,607 individuals were included, involving 13,205 cases without S aureus colonization, 5195 cases with MSSA, and 207 cases with MRSA. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of MSSA colonization was significantly reduced with fluoroquinolone use (75% risk reduction, P = .02), sulfonamide use (98% risk reduction, P < .01), tetracycline use (81% risk reduction, P < .01) and antibiotic combination therapy (risk reduction 76%, P < .01). Female, race and total household size were strongly associated with MSSA carriage. On the other hand, regarding MRSA colonization, fluoroquinolone use, long-term care, and former smoker were positively associated with MRSA colonization, while high income was negatively associated with MRSA colonization. More proper use of broad-spectrum antibiotics contributes to reducing MSSA colonization. Former smokers should also practice better personal hygiene to limit the possibility of MRSA colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baixing Chen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaoshuo Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingling Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- *Correspondence: Hang Dong, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 523900, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barlow G, Wilke M, Béraud G. Tackling Extended Hospital Stays in Patients with Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10095006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospitalisation rates for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) are rising and represent a large pharmacoeconomic burden as treatment may involve an extended number of days of antibiotic therapy. This article first aims to provide a review of treatment challenges associated with ABSSSIs in both hospital and outpatient settings, and shows that while more traditionally treatment has been conducted in a hospital setting, for a number of patients, a variety of considerations, including pharmacoeconomics, infection control, and patient preference, has led to the development of recommendations to assess the eligibility of patients for early discharge from hospital to complete their antibiotic regimen in the outpatient setting. However, such patients require monitoring for drug adherence to oral regimens or complications associated with daily intravenous administration, such as injection site reactions and infection. This review also focuses on one of a number of new antibiotics for ABSSSI, dalbavancin, as the long-acting glycopeptide with the most clinical experience to date. This antibiotic has been shown to be as effective as a daily/twice daily regimen with similar safety profiles. Health economic analysis of dalbavancin is also presented. It has shown that in some, though not all, clinical settings a reduction in the overall treatment cost is evident as, despite a higher medication cost, the lower hospitalisation time can lead to greater cost savings. In conclusion, while the burden of ABSSSI is rising, new treatment options provide additional therapeutic choice, although pharmacoeconomic considerations might limit use in some cases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Selective single-bacteria extraction based on capture and release of microemulsion droplets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15461. [PMID: 36104374 PMCID: PMC9474873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human host-associated microbial communities in body sites can reflect health status based on the population distribution and specific microbial properties in the heterogeneous community. Bacteria identification at the single-cell level provides a reliable biomarker and pathological information for clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, biosamples obtained from some body sites cannot offer sufficient sample volume and number of target cells as required by most of the existing single-cell isolation methods such as flow cytometry. Herein we report a novel integrated microfluidic system, which consists of a microemulsion module for single-bacteria encapsulation and a sequential microdroplet capture and release module for selectively extracting only the single-bacteria encapsulated in microdroplets. We optimize the system for a success rate of the single-cell extraction to be > 38%. We further verify applicability of the system with prepared cell mixtures (Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 and Methylomicrobium album BG8) and biosamples collected from human skin, to quantify the population distribution of multiple key species in a heterogeneous microbial community. Results indicate perfect viability of the single-cell extracts and compatibility with downstream analyses such as PCR. Together, this research demonstrates that the reported single-bacteria extraction system can be applied in microbiome and pathology research and clinical diagnosis as a clinical or point-of-care device.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dias LD, Alves F, Buzza HH, Bagnato VS. Photodisinfection of material surfaces and bacterial skin infections by a detergent loaded with curcumin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103021. [PMID: 35850462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of technologies and therapeutic strategies is needed to combat skin infections and pathogenic microorganisms present on material surfaces that are still responsible for serious public health problems. In this study, detergents loaded with curcumin were prepared by a simple approach and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Their antibacterial photodynamic effects were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus in planktonic medium and in vivo (skin infection model), and showed a reduction up to 8 logs and 2 logs, respectively. Additionally, the curcumin-detergents were applied on photodisinfection of material surfaces such as wood, rubber, and stainless steel resulting in an efficient photoinactivation up to 3 logs. These developed detergents loaded with curcumin can improve the decontamination of material surfaces and skin infections (in vivo) when illuminated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Dias
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 75.132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil; Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Alves
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hilde H Buzza
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University - College Station Texas, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fibronectin binding protein B binds to loricrin and promotes corneocyte adhesion by Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2517. [PMID: 35523796 PMCID: PMC9076634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonisation of humans by Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for infection, yet the bacterial and host factors involved are not fully understood. The first step during skin colonisation is adhesion of the bacteria to corneocytes in the stratum corneum where the cornified envelope protein loricrin is the main ligand for S. aureus. Here we report a novel loricrin-binding protein of S. aureus, the cell wall-anchored fibronectin binding protein B (FnBPB). Single-molecule force spectroscopy revealed both weak and ultra-strong (2 nN) binding of FnBPB to loricrin and that mechanical stress enhanced the strength of these bonds. Treatment with a peptide derived from fibrinogen decreased the frequency of strong interactions, suggesting that both ligands bind to overlapping sites within FnBPB. Finally, we show that FnBPB promotes adhesion to human corneocytes by binding strongly to loricrin, highlighting the relevance of this interaction to skin colonisation. The first step during skin colonization by is its adhesion to corneocytes. Da Costa et al. show that the cell wall-anchored fibronectin binding protein B (FnBPB) of S. aureus binds to loricrin. Applying single cell force spectroscopy, they demonstrate that this interaction promotes adhesion of S. aureus to human corneocytes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mancabelli L, Milani C, Fontana F, Lugli GA, Tarracchini C, Turroni F, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Mapping bacterial diversity and metabolic functionality of the human respiratory tract microbiome. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2051336. [PMID: 35309410 PMCID: PMC8933033 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2051336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Human Respiratory Tract (HRT) is colonized by various microbial taxa, known as HRT microbiota, in a manner that is indicative of mutualistic interaction between such microorganisms and their host. Aim To investigate the microbial composition of the HRT and its possible correlation with the different compartments of the respiratory tract. Methods In the current study, we performed an in-depth meta‐analysis of 849 HRT samples from public shotgun metagenomic datasets obtained through several distinct collection methods. Results The statistical robustness provided by this meta-analysis allowed the identification of 13 possible HRT-specific Community State Types (CSTs), which appear to be specific to each anatomical region of the respiratory tract. Furthermore, functional characterization of the metagenomic datasets revealed specific microbial metabolic features correlating with the different compartments of the respiratory tract. Conclusion The meta-analysis here performed suggested that the variable presence of certain bacterial species seems to be linked to a location-related abundance gradient in the HRT and seems to be characterized by a specific microbial metabolic capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Complete and Draft Genome Sequences of 48 Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from Atopic Dermatitis Patients and Healthy Controls. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0007222. [PMID: 35258326 PMCID: PMC9022587 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00072-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus
is a widely distributed, opportunistic pathogen and has been linked to the human skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD). Here, we present 44 complete and 4 draft genome sequences of
S. aureus
strains isolated from the nose and skin of AD patients and healthy controls from a German study cohort.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ali MMA, Husain TK, Ali AH, Mahmood AR, Alheety MA, Singh PK. Ag-Ag2O-TiO2@Eggshell membrane polymer nanocomposite: Conductivity and healing the wound infected with S. aureus studies ICSEM-2021. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221075318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The natural polymer-containing nanocomposite (Ag-Ag2O-TiO2@Eggshell membrane protein) was prepared using a rapid and efficient one-pot method. Diagnosis of this nanostructure was performed by X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray, and SEM. The characterization results proved that this multifunctional nanocomposite was successfully synthesized within the scale of nanoscience. The conductivity of this polymer was studied in the presence of sodium iodide using acetonitrile as a solvent by complex impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity measurements prove that the highest conductivity was obtained with the highest salt concentration 1:5=Na:O. Furthermore, Ag-Ag2O-TiO2@Eggshell membrane protein nanocomposite was used to study its ability for healing the wound infected with antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus for 2 weeks. The histopathological results have shown that there is an improvement in all the indicative signs of disease with rapid development of the epidermal layer proliferating and then healing of the infected wounds rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majeed MA Ali
- Department of Nursing, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Talib Kh. Husain
- Department of Nursing, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Aisha H Ali
- Department of Tikrit Education, Directorate of Salah El-din, Ministry of Education, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Ahmed R Mahmood
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | | | - Pramod K Singh
- Center of Excellence on Solar Cells & Renewable Energy, Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Min K, Jeong SS, Han HH, Kim EK, Eom JS. Seasonal and Temperature-associated Effect on Infection in Implant-based Breast Reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2022; 88:32-37. [PMID: 34928243 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite advances in medicine, infection at the surgical site is an impregnation problem that most surgeons confront. Although studies on the seasonality of infection have been conducted in various areas, no study has confirmed the relationship between seasonal temperature and infection after breast reconstruction. METHODS From 2008 to 2018, a retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction. Patient demographics, intraoperative data, postoperative data, and temperature information were collected. Temperature differences between cases with and without infection were examined. The differences in the incidence and risk of infection by season were estimated according to the hot season (July to August) and the nonhot season (September to June). RESULTS Of the 460 cases enrolled, 42 cases developed an infection. Among them, 15 (35.71%) cases developed infection during the hot season (P = 0.003). According to the logistic regression model, the risk of infection was 2.639 times higher in the hot season than in the nonhot season (95% confidence interval, 1.282-5.434; P = 0.008). When the temperature was higher than 25°C, the risk of infection increased by 45.2% for every 1°C increase, which was statistically significant (odds ratio, 1.452; 95% confidence interval, 1.198-1.76; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the hot season or average temperatures higher than 25°C increase the risk of infection in patients undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction. It is essential to focus on skin hygiene during the healing of the incision site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghyun Min
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rana EA, Islam MZ, Das T, Dutta A, Ahad A, Biswas PK, Barua H. Prevalence of coagulase-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs in Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:498-508. [PMID: 34941011 PMCID: PMC8959323 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have a significant health impact on people with direct or supportive occupations in veterinary medicine including veterinarians, animal handlers, laboratory personnel and pet owners. Objectives This cross‐sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, MRSA and MRSP in dogs in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 358 swab samples were collected from different body sites of 150 dogs attending a university teaching veterinary hospital between January and June 2018. Standard bacteriological procedures were followed to isolate Staphylococcus, and identification was confirmed to the species level by PCR to detect the nuc gene. MRSA and MRSP were confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. Results The prevalence of coagulase‐positive S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in dogs were 16% and 45.3%, respectively. S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates displayed the highest resistance against nalidixic acid (95.2% and 91%, respectively) and erythromycin (89.3% and 84.7%, respectively). Notably, all the staphylococcal isolates showed resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. The prevalence of MRSA and MRSP in dogs was 8.7% and 6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following variables as risk factors for MRSA colonisation in dogs: dogs with dermatitis (odds ratio [OR], 12.24, 95% CI: 3.12–57.33; p < 0.001) and history of antibiotic use (OR 8.73, 95% CI: 2.23–43.10; p < 0.001). Presence of otitis (OR 14.22; 95% CI: 1.64–103.58; p = 0.008) and oral lesions (OR 9.48, 95% CI: 1.14–64.82; p = 0.002) were identified as the significant risk factors for the carriage of MRSP. Conclusions The circulation of multidrug‐resistant S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius is a serious concern to dogs and humans. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. pseudintermedius and MRSP affecting dogs in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zohorul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tridip Das
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Avijit Dutta
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Himel Barua
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rosman CWK, van Dijl JM, Sjollema J. Interactions between the foreign body reaction and Staphylococcus aureus biomaterial-associated infection. Winning strategies in the derby on biomaterial implant surfaces. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:624-640. [PMID: 34879216 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2011132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs) are an increasing problem where antibiotic therapies are often ineffective. The design of novel strategies to prevent or combat infection requires a better understanding of how an implanted foreign body prevents the immune system from eradicating surface-colonizing pathogens. The objective of this review is to chart factors resulting in sub-optimal clearance of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria involved in BAIs. To this end, we first describe three categories of bacterial mechanisms to counter the host immune system around foreign bodies: direct interaction with host cells, modulation of intercellular communication, and evasion of the immune system. These mechanisms take place in a time frame that differentiates sterile foreign body reactions, BAIs, and soft tissue infections. In addition, we identify experimental interventions in S. aureus BAI that may impact infectious mechanisms. Most experimental treatments modulate the host response to infection or alter the course of BAI through implant surface modulation. In conclusion, the first week after implantation and infection is crucial for the establishment of an S. aureus biofilm that resists the local immune reaction and antibiotic treatment. Although established and chronic S. aureus BAI is still treatable and manageable, the focus of interventions should lie on this first period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin W K Rosman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bayle S, Drapeau A, Rocher J, Laurent F, Métayer V, Haenni M, Madec JY, Valat C. Characterization of cultivable airborne bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in French milking parlour. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11689-11696. [PMID: 33411281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this preliminary study was to quantify airborne particles and characterize the dominant cultivable bacterial species as well as some Gram-positive species, and their antibiotic resistance pattern, from environmental samples taken inside and outside of a dairy milking parlour. Sampling was performed over 2 days, in different seasons. The small viable particulate matter < 10 μm (bioaerosols) and cultivable bacteria reached their highest concentrations in the milking parlour. The majority of airborne bacteria in the milking parlour belonged to the genera Staphylococcus (41.9%) and Bacillus (20.9%). A total of 32 different bacterial species of Staphylococcus, Aerococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Acinetobacter were identified. Many of these bacteria may be opportunistic pathogens, causing disease in humans or animals. We found low levels of acquired resistance to the antibiotics commonly used in human or animal infections caused by these opportunistic bacteria. More specifically, resistance to tetracyclines (13.4%), penicillin G (13.4%) and macrolides (7.5%) was identified in Staphylococcus sp. as was a methicillin-resistant S. hominis and resistance to spiramycin (n = 1), lincomycin (n = 1) and streptomycin (n = 2) in Aerococcus sp. An assessment of the occupational risk run by dairy farmers for contracting infections after long- or short-term exposure to micro-organisms requires further studies on the concentration of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in dairy farm environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bayle
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, IMT- Mines d'Alès, Université de Montpellier, 30100, Alès, France
| | - Antoine Drapeau
- Anses, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon cedex 07, 69364, France
| | | | - Frédéric Laurent
- Institut des agents Infectieux, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon cedex 07, 69364, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, 69342, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Véronique Métayer
- Anses, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon cedex 07, 69364, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Anses, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon cedex 07, 69364, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Anses, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon cedex 07, 69364, France
| | - Charlotte Valat
- Anses, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon cedex 07, 69364, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 69100, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Liao C, Tjong SC. Recent Advances in Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Antimicrobial Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8836. [PMID: 33266476 PMCID: PMC7700383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the recent developments in the synthesis, antibacterial activity, and visible-light photocatalytic bacterial inactivation of nano-zinc oxide. Polycrystalline wurtzite ZnO nanostructures with a hexagonal lattice having different shapes can be synthesized by means of vapor-, liquid-, and solid-phase processing techniques. Among these, ZnO hierarchical nanostructures prepared from the liquid phase route are commonly used for antimicrobial activity. In particular, plant extract-mediated biosynthesis is a single step process for preparing nano-ZnO without using surfactants and toxic chemicals. The phytochemical molecules of natural plant extracts are attractive agents for reducing and stabilizing zinc ions of zinc salt precursors to form green ZnO nanostructures. The peel extracts of certain citrus fruits like grapefruits, lemons and oranges, acting as excellent chelating agents for zinc ions. Furthermore, phytochemicals of the plant extracts capped on ZnO nanomaterials are very effective for killing various bacterial strains, leading to low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Bioactive phytocompounds from green ZnO also inhibit hemolysis of Staphylococcus aureus infected red blood cells and inflammatory activity of mammalian immune system. In general, three mechanisms have been adopted to explain bactericidal activity of ZnO nanomaterials, including direct contact killing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and released zinc ion inactivation. These toxic effects lead to the destruction of bacterial membrane, denaturation of enzyme, inhibition of cellular respiration and deoxyribonucleic acid replication, causing leakage of the cytoplasmic content and eventual cell death. Meanwhile, antimicrobial activity of doped and modified ZnO nanomaterials under visible light can be attributed to photogeneration of ROS on their surfaces. Thus particular attention is paid to the design and synthesis of visible light-activated ZnO photocatalysts with antibacterial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Chengzhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li P, Zhang D, Li H, Pang J, Guo H, Qiu J. Establishment and Application of Multiplex PCR for Simultaneously Detecting Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus in Minks. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:588173. [PMID: 33313077 PMCID: PMC7704438 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.588173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), four pairs of specific primers were designed according to the conservative regions of phoA gene for E. coli, invA gene for Salmonella, khe gene for K. pneumoniae, nuc gene for S. aureus. The quadruple PCR system was established through optimization of multiplex PCR and detection of specificity, sensitivity, and stability. The results showed that target gene bands of E. coli (622 bp), Salmonella (801 bp), K. pneumoniae (303 bp), and S. aureus (464 bp) could be amplified by this method specifically and simultaneously from the same sample containing the four pathogens, with a detection sensitivity of 100 pg/μL. Meanwhile, no bands of common clinical bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis were amplified. In addition, 380 tissue samples were detected by multiplex and single PCR established in current study, respectively. Among the 368 carcass samples, positive detection rates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella, and S. aureus were 33.7, 12.0, 10.6, and 13.9%. Among the 12 visceral tissue samples, positive detection rates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella, and S. aureus were 41.7, 25.0, 16.7, and 8.3%, respectively. Positive detection rates of multiplex PCR were consistent with that of single PCR. Compared with single PCR, the multiplex PCR method had the advantages of time-saving, high specificity and high sensitivity. The results showed that the minks in these farms had mixed infection of these four pathogens, and the method established in this study could be applied to the rapid and accurate detection and identification of these four bacteria. In conclusion, the multiplex PCR method has stable detection results, good repeatability, and short detection time. It is suitable for the rapid and accurate detection of four kinds of bacteria above the carcass of fur animals, which could be suitable in microbial epidemiology investigation. It can provide a reliable technical reference for rapid clinical diagnosis and detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Dingxiu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinying Pang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Galvão FDO, Dantas FGDS, Santos CRDL, Marchioro SB, Cardoso CAL, Wender H, Sangalli A, Almeida-Apolonio AAD, Oliveira KMPD. Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) pilger leaf extract inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113167. [PMID: 32730885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cochlospermum regium, known as "algodãozinho", is an important plant belonging to Brazilian biodiversity used in traditional medicine to treat infections, wounds and skin conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from C. regium leaves on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus planktonic cells and biofilm formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The phytochemical characterization of the extracts was carried out by quantification of flavonoids, phenols and tannins and HPLC-DAD. Minimum inhibitory concentrations, cell viability, and enzyme activity inhibition were determined in planktonic cells exposed to C. regium extracts. The effect of the extracts on biofilms was assessed by quantifying colony-forming units (CFUs) and the extracellular matrix, and by visualizing the biofilm structure using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Leaf extract contents showed high concentration of phenols and the gallic and ellagic acids were identified. The extracts showed potent antimicrobial activities at concentrations ranging from 62.5-250 μg/mL, and decreased coagulase activity. In addition, the extracts prevented biofilm formation, and the aqueous extract completely inhibited its formation. CONCLUSIONS C. regium extracts stand out as promising alternative treatments for the prevention and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Oliveira Galvão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Gomes da Silva Dantas
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Heberton Wender
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andréia Sangalli
- Faculdade Intercultural Indígena, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schulz A, Jiang L, de Vor L, Ehrström M, Wermeling F, Eidsmo L, Melican K. Neutrophil Recruitment to Noninvasive MRSA at the Stratum Corneum of Human Skin Mediates Transient Colonization. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1074-1081.e5. [PMID: 31665625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of skin and soft issue infection, but paradoxically, it also transiently, and often harmlessly, colonizes human skin. An obstacle to understanding this contradiction has been a shortage of in vivo models reproducing the unique structure and immunology of human skin. In this work, we developed a humanized model to study how healthy adult human skin responds to colonizing methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We demonstrate the importance of the outer stratum corneum as the major site of bacterial colonization and how noninvasive MRSA adhesion to corneocytes induces a local inflammatory response in underlying skin layers. This signaling recruits neutrophils to the skin, where they control bacterial numbers, mediating transiency in colonization. This work highlights the spatiotemporal aspects of human skin colonization and demonstrates a subclinical inflammatory response to noninvasive MRSA that allows human skin to regulate the bacterial population at its outer surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Schulz
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Long Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lisanne de Vor
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ehrström
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Liv Eidsmo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Keira Melican
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Queiroz VM, Kling IC, Eltom AE, Archanjo BS, Prado M, Simão RA. Corn starch films as a long-term drug delivery system for chlorhexidine gluconate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
32
|
Shahbazi MA, Shrestha N, Pierchala MK, Kadumudi FB, Mehrali M, Hasany M, Préat V, Leeuwenburgh S, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. A self-healable, moldable and bioactive biomaterial gum for personalised and wearable drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4340-4356. [PMID: 32363370 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02156f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the long-standing challenges in materials science involves synthesizing biomaterials that recapitulate important features of native biological tissues. Even though, the number of available biomaterials at the moment are virtually limitless, few of them has unlocked all the secrets of the human body by mimicking the combinatorial-like material properties of our tissues and organs. Inspired by the human body, we have developed a polymeric gum, which combines stretchability, toughness, strength, flexibility, and self-healing. It also exhibits a high bioactivity that can target and eliminate bacterial infections fast and reliably. Notably, this material is moldable into almost any complex shape, and therefore suitable as a building block for wearables designed to conform directly with the curved and personalized anatomy of patients. It also exhibits excellent drug retention and release capacity, which altogether makes it suitable for applications in personalized wearable drug-delivery devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Banerjee S, Vishakha K, Das S, Dutta M, Mukherjee D, Mondal J, Mondal S, Ganguli A. Antibacterial, anti-biofilm activity and mechanism of action of pancreatin doped zinc oxide nanoparticles against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110921. [PMID: 32172163 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus are known to cause diseases from normal skin wound to life intimidating infections. Among the drug resistant strain, management of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is very difficult by using conventional antibiotic treatment. Both Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and pancreatin (PK) are known to have antibacterial activity. Our main objective is to dope PK on ZnONPs to reduced zinc-oxide toxicity but increased anti-bacterial and anti-biofilms activity. In present study, we showed that, functions of zinc oxide nanoparticles with pancreatin enzyme (ZnONPs-PK) have anti-bacterial, anti-biofilms, anti-motility and anti-virulence properties against MRSA. Moreover, ZnONPs-PK were more potent to eradicate MRSA than only ZnONPs and PK. Application of the produced nano-composites as treatment on infected swine dermis predominantly reflects the potential treatment property of it. The vancomycin sensitivity of MRSA was significantly increased on application with ZnONPs-PK. Further study revealed cell membrane was the target of the ZnONPs-PK and that leads to oxidative damage of the cells. The produced nanoparticles were found completely non-toxic to human's keratinocytes and lung epithelial cell lines at its bactericidal concentration. Overall, this study emphasizes the potential mechanisms underlying the selective bactericidal properties of ZnONPs-PK against MRSA. This novel nanoparticle strategy may provide the ideal solution for comprehensive management of MRSA and its associated diseases with minimising the use of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM - 4 Sector -V, Saltlake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Kumari Vishakha
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM - 4 Sector -V, Saltlake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Shatabdi Das
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM - 4 Sector -V, Saltlake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P- C.I.T. Scheme XM, Beleghata, 33, CIT Rd, Subhas Sarobar Park, Phool Bagan, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Debolina Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM - 4 Sector -V, Saltlake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Jyotsna Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM - 4 Sector -V, Saltlake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Sandhimita Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM - 4 Sector -V, Saltlake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Arnab Ganguli
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM - 4 Sector -V, Saltlake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Matuszewska M, Murray GGR, Harrison EM, Holmes MA, Weinert LA. The Evolutionary Genomics of Host Specificity in Staphylococcus aureus. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:465-477. [PMID: 31948727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human bacterial pathogen that has a cosmopolitan host range, including livestock, companion and wild animal species. Genomic and epidemiological studies show that S. aureus has jumped between host species many times over its evolutionary history. These jumps have involved the dynamic gain and loss of host-specific adaptive genes, usually located on mobile genetic elements. The same functional elements are often consistently gained in jumps into a particular species. Further sampling of diverse animal species is likely to uncover an even broader host range and greater genetic diversity of S. aureus than is already known, and understanding S. aureus host specificity in these hosts will mitigate the risks of emergent human and livestock strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Gemma G R Murray
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Ewan M Harrison
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Mark A Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic, multisystem disease due to defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel responsible for chloride and bicarbonate trafficking. Although this channel is expressed in many tissues, its impaired function in airway epithelial cells leads to hyperviscous mucous secretions impeding effective mucociliary clearance. Impaired clearance of inhaled microorganisms results in the establishment of chronic infection, triggering an overexaggerated inflammatory response. The resulting release of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes causes pulmonary damage in the form of bronchiectasis, further impairing mucociliary action, forming a vicious cycle. Subsequent respiratory failure remains the leading cause of death in individuals with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Duggins Davis
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pediatrics, UNC Children’s Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA USA
| | - James Chmiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, IN USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shin Y, Park J, Park W. Sterilization efficiency of pathogen-contaminated cottons in a laundry machine. J Microbiol 2019; 58:30-38. [PMID: 31768938 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria on abiotic surfaces such as fabrics, bedding, patient wears, and surgical tools are known to increase the risk of bacterial diseases in infants and the elderly. The desiccation tolerance of bacteria affects their viability in cotton. Thus, washing and drying machines are required to use conditions that ensure the sterilization of bacteria in cotton. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of various sterilization conditions of washing and drying machines on the survival of three pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) commonly presented in contaminated cotton and two non-pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) in cotton. High survival rates of A. baumannii and S. aureus in desiccated cotton were observed based on scanning electron microscope and replicate organism direct agar contact assay. The survival rates of A. baumannii and S. aureus exposed in desiccated cotton for 8 h were higher (14.4 and 5.0%, respectively) than those of other bacteria (< 0.5%). All tested bacteria were eradicated at low-temperature (< 40°C) washing with activated oxygen bleach (AOB). However, bacterial viability was shown in low temperature washing without AOB. High-temperature (> 60°C) washing was required to achieve 99.9% of the sterilization rate in washing without AOB. The sterilization rate was 93.2% using a drying machine at 60°C for 4 h. This level of sterilization was insufficient in terms of time and energy efficiency. High sterilization efficiency (> 99.9%) at 75°C for 3 h using a drying machine was confirmed. This study suggests standard conditions of drying machines to remove bacterial contamination in cotton by providing practical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjae Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungha Park
- Digital Appliances Business, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Weiskerger CJ, Brandão J, Ahmed W, Aslan A, Avolio L, Badgley BD, Boehm AB, Edge TA, Fleisher JM, Heaney CD, Jordao L, Kinzelman JL, Klaus JS, Kleinheinz GT, Meriläinen P, Nshimyimana JP, Phanikumar MS, Piggot AM, Pitkänen T, Robinson C, Sadowsky MJ, Staley C, Staley ZR, Symonds EM, Vogel LJ, Yamahara KM, Whitman RL, Solo-Gabriele HM, Harwood VJ. Impacts of a changing earth on microbial dynamics and human health risks in the continuum between beach water and sand. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:456-470. [PMID: 31301475 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although infectious disease risk from recreational exposure to waterborne pathogens has been an active area of research for decades, beach sand is a relatively unexplored habitat for the persistence of pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Beach sand, biofilms, and water all present unique advantages and challenges to pathogen introduction, growth, and persistence. These dynamics are further complicated by continuous exchange between sand and water habitats. Models of FIB and pathogen fate and transport at beaches can help predict the risk of infectious disease from beach use, but knowledge gaps with respect to decay and growth rates of pathogens in beach habitats impede robust modeling. Climatic variability adds further complexity to predictive modeling because extreme weather events, warming water, and sea level change may increase human exposure to waterborne pathogens and alter relationships between FIB and pathogens. In addition, population growth and urbanization will exacerbate contamination events and increase the potential for human exposure. The cumulative effects of anthropogenic changes will alter microbial population dynamics in beach habitats and the assumptions and relationships used in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) and process-based models. Here, we review our current understanding of microbial populations and transport dynamics across the sand-water continuum at beaches, how these dynamics can be modeled, and how global change factors (e.g., climate and land use) should be integrated into more accurate beachscape-based models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Weiskerger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - João Brandão
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) - Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Warish Ahmed
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boogo Road, Dutton Park, Old, 4102, Australia
| | - Asli Aslan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay Avolio
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian D Badgley
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alexandria B Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Edge
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay M Fleisher
- College of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luisa Jordao
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - James S Klaus
- Department of Marine Geosciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Päivi Meriläinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mantha S Phanikumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan M Piggot
- Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Clare Robinson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute and Departments of Soil, Water, & Climate, and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Erin M Symonds
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Laura J Vogel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevan M Yamahara
- Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Whitman
- Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Chesterton, IN, USA
| | - Helena M Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Al Kindi A, Alkahtani AM, Nalubega M, El-Chami C, O'Neill C, Arkwright PD, Pennock JL. Staphylococcus aureus Internalized by Skin Keratinocytes Evade Antibiotic Killing. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2242. [PMID: 31608046 PMCID: PMC6771413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes the majority of skin and soft tissue infections. Half of patients treated for primary skin infections suffer recurrences within 6 months despite appropriate antibiotic sensitivities and infection control measures. We investigated whether S. aureus internalized by human skin keratinocytes are effectively eradicated by standard anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. S. aureus, but not S. epidermidis, were internalized and survive within keratinocytes without inducing cytotoxicity or releasing the IL-33 danger signal. Except for rifampicin, anti-staphylococcal antibiotics in regular clinical use, including flucloxacillin, teicoplanin, clindamycin, and linezolid, did not kill internalized S. aureus, even at 20-fold their standard minimal inhibitory concentration. We conclude that internalization of S. aureus by human skin keratinocytes allows the bacteria to evade killing by most anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Antimicrobial strategies, including antibiotic combinations better able to penetrate into mammalian cells are required if intracellular S. aureus are to be effectively eradicated and recurrent infections prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Al Kindi
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mayimuna Nalubega
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile El-Chami
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine O'Neill
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Pennock
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sheahan T, Hakstol R, Kailasam S, Glaister GD, Hudson AJ, Wieden HJ. Rapid metagenomics analysis of EMS vehicles for monitoring pathogen load using nanopore DNA sequencing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219961. [PMID: 31339905 PMCID: PMC6655686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen monitoring, detection and removal are essential to public health and outbreak management. Systems are in place for monitoring the microbial load of hospitals and public health facilities with strategies to mitigate pathogen spread. However, no such strategies are in place for ambulances, which are tasked with transporting at-risk individuals in immunocompromised states. As standard culturing techniques require a laboratory setting, and are time consuming and labour intensive, our approach was designed to be portable, inexpensive and easy to use based on the MinION third-generation sequencing platform from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. We developed a transferable sampling-to-analysis pipeline to characterize the microbial community in emergency medical service vehicles. Our approach identified over sixty-eight organisms in ambulances to the genera level, with a proportion of these being connected with health-care associated infections, such as Clostridium spp. and Staphylococcus spp. We also monitored the microbiome of different locations across three ambulances over time, and examined the dynamic community of microorganisms found in emergency medical service vehicles. Observed differences identified hot spots, which may require heightened monitoring and extensive cleaning. Through metagenomics analysis it is also possible to identify how microorganisms spread between patients and colonize an ambulance over time. The sequencing results aid in the development of practices to mitigate disease spread, while also providing a useful tool for outbreak prediction through ongoing analysis of the ambulance microbiome to identify new and emerging pathogens. Overall, this pipeline allows for the tracking and monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms of epidemiological interest, including those related to health-care associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Sheahan
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rhys Hakstol
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Senthilkumar Kailasam
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graeme D. Glaister
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Hudson
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Wieden
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lisowska-Łysiak K, Kosecka-Strojek M, Białecka J, Kasprowicz A, Garbacz K, Piechowicz L, Kmet V, Savini V, Międzobrodzki J. New Insight into Genotypic and Phenotypic Relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Human Infections or Animal Reservoirs. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:93-104. [PMID: 31050257 PMCID: PMC7256692 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2019-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common human and livestock opportunistic pathogen, and there is evidence of animal to human transmission. This paper aimed to recognize properties of the isolates from collections of human and livestock S. aureus strains and to estimate compatibility of results based on phenotypic tests, microarrays and the spa typing methods. The second goal was to study differences between human and animal isolates in terms of specificity of their hosts and the strain transmission among various hosts. Most strains showed multi-susceptible profiles and produced enzymes on a high level, and they were phenotypically and genetically similar. However, in contrast to the Polish bovine mastitis strains, the Slovakian strains were multi-resistant. In this research, the strains showed significant differences in terms of their phenotypic manifestations and the presence of hemolysins genes; however, other enzyme-encoding genes correlated to a higher extent with the microarrays results. Interestingly, there was a lack of enterotoxin genes in human Poultry-like protein A+ strains in comparison to other human strains. Our study showed that differences between virulence profiles of the human and animal strains correlated with their origin rather than their hosts, and any trait allowed clearly distinguishing between them based on the microarray results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Lisowska-Łysiak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Joanna Białecka
- Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines , Krakow , Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Garbacz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Vladimir Kmet
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Slovakia
| | - Vincenzo Savini
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Spirito Santo Hospital , Pescara (PE) , Italy
| | - Jacek Międzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
σ B Inhibits Poly- N-Acetylglucosamine Exopolysaccharide Synthesis and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00098-19. [PMID: 30858304 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00098-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains are able to produce at least two distinct types of biofilm matrixes: biofilm matrixes made of the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) or poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), whose synthesis is mediated by the icaADBC locus, and biofilm matrixes built of proteins (polysaccharide independent). σB is a conserved alternative sigma factor that regulates the expression of more than 100 genes in response to changes in environmental conditions. While numerous studies agree that σB is required for polysaccharide-independent biofilms, controversy persists over the role of σB in the regulation of PIA/PNAG-dependent biofilm development. Here, we show that genetically unrelated S. aureus σB-deficient strains produced stronger biofilms under both static and flow conditions and accumulated higher levels of PIA/PNAG exopolysaccharide than their corresponding wild-type strains. The increased accumulation of PIA/PNAG in the σB mutants correlated with a greater accumulation of the IcaC protein showed that it was not due to adjustments in icaADBC operon transcription and/or icaADBC mRNA stability. Overall, our results reveal that in the presence of active σB, the turnover of Ica proteins is accelerated, reducing the synthesis of PIA/PNAG exopolysaccharide and consequently the PIA/PNAG-dependent biofilm formation capacity.IMPORTANCE Due to its multifaceted lifestyle, Staphylococcus aureus needs a complex regulatory network to connect environmental signals with cellular physiology. One particular transcription factor, named σB (SigB), is involved in the general stress response and the expression of virulence factors. For many years, great confusion has existed about the role of σB in the regulation of the biofilm lifestyle in S. aureus Our study demonstrated that σB is not necessary for exopolysaccharide-dependent biofilms and, even more, that S. aureus produces stronger biofilms in the absence of σB The increased accumulation of exopolysaccharide correlates with higher stability of the proteins responsible for its synthesis. The present findings reveal an additional regulatory layer to control biofilm exopolysaccharide synthesis under stress conditions.
Collapse
|
42
|
Rehman S, Ali Z, Khan M, Bostan N, Naseem S. The dawn of phage therapy. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2041. [PMID: 31050070 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistance among most bacterial species, interest in phage as therapeutic entities has returned, because their noninfectious nature to humans should make them safe for human nanomedicine. This review highlights the most recent advances and progress in phage therapy and bacterial hosts against which phage research is currently being conducted with respect to food, human, and marine pathogens. Bacterial immunity against phages and tactics of phage revenge to defeat bacterial defense systems are also summarized. We have also discussed approved phage-based products (whole phage-based products and phage proteins) and shed light on their influence on the eukaryotic host with respect to host safety and induction of immune response against phage preparations. Moreover, creation of phages with desirable qualities and their uses in cancer treatment, vaccine production, and other therapies are also reviewed to bring together evidence from the scientific literature about the potentials and possible utility of phage and phage encoded proteins in the field of therapeutics and industrial biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Momna Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Naseem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Salomão R, Ferreira B, Salomão M, Santos S, Azevedo L, Brunialti M. Sepsis: evolving concepts and challenges. Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e8595. [PMID: 30994733 PMCID: PMC6472937 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increased burden in low- and middle-resource settings. The role of the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of the syndrome has supported the modern concept of sepsis. Nevertheless, a definition of sepsis and the criteria for its recognition is a continuous process, which reflects the growing knowledge of its mechanisms and the success and failure of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Here we review the evolving concepts of sepsis, from the "systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection" (Sepsis-1) to "a severe, potentially fatal, organic dysfunction caused by an inadequate or dysregulated host response to infection" (Sepsis-3). We focused in the pathophysiology behind the concept and the criteria for recognition and diagnosis of sepsis. A major challenge in evaluating the host response in sepsis is to characterize what is protective and what is harmful, and we discuss that, at least in part, the apparent dysregulated host response may be an effort to adapt to a hostile environment. The new criteria for recognition and diagnosis of sepsis were derived from robust databases, restricted, however, to developed countries. Since then, the criteria have been supported in different clinical settings and in different economic and epidemiological contexts, but still raise discussion regarding their use for the identification versus the prognostication of the septic patient. Clinicians should not be restricted to definition criteria when evaluating patients with infection and should wisely use the broad array of information obtained by rigorous clinical observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Salomão
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B.L. Ferreira
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.C. Salomão
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S.S. Santos
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L.C.P. Azevedo
- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.K.C. Brunialti
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Martí M, Frígols B, Salesa B, Serrano-Aroca Á. Calcium alginate/graphene oxide films: Reinforced composites able to prevent Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis infections with no cytotoxicity for human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
45
|
Kaplan JB, Mlynek KD, Hettiarachchi H, Alamneh YA, Biggemann L, Zurawski DV, Black CC, Bane CE, Kim RK, Granick MS. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-degrading enzymes reduce staphylococcal surface attachment and biocide resistance on pig skin in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205526. [PMID: 30304066 PMCID: PMC6179274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as extracellular DNA (eDNA) and poly-N-acetylglucosamine surface polysaccharide (PNAG) mediate numerous virulence traits including host colonization and antimicrobial resistance. Previous studies showed that EPS-degrading enzymes increase staphylococcal biocide susceptibility in vitro and in vivo, and decrease virulence in animal models. In the present study we tested the effect of EPS-degrading enzymes on staphylococcal skin colonization and povidone iodine susceptibility using a novel in vivo pig model that enabled us to colonize and treat 96 isolated areas of skin on a single animal in vivo. To quantitate skin colonization, punch biopsies of colonized areas were homogenized, diluted, and plated on agar for colony forming unit enumeration. Skin was colonized with either Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus aureus. Two EPS-degrading enzymes, DNase I and the PNAG-degrading enzyme dispersin B, were employed. Enzymes were tested for their ability to inhibit skin colonization and detach preattached bacteria. The effect of enzymes on the susceptibility of preattached S. aureus to killing by povidone iodine was also measured. We found that dispersin B significantly inhibited skin colonization by S. epidermidis and detached preattached S. epidermidis cells from skin. A cocktail of dispersin B and DNase I detached preattached S. aureus cells from skin and increased their susceptibility to killing by povidone iodine. These findings suggest that staphylococcal EPS components such as eDNA and PNAG contribute to skin colonization and biocide resistance in vivo. EPS-degrading enzymes may be a useful adjunct to conventional skin antisepsis procedures in order to further reduce skin bioburden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Kaplan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin D. Mlynek
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Hashani Hettiarachchi
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Yonas A. Alamneh
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lionel Biggemann
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel V. Zurawski
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chad C. Black
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Bane
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Kim
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Granick
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Palankar R, Binsker U, Haracska B, Wesche J, Greinacher A, Hammerschmidt S. Interaction between the Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein Eap and its subdomains with platelets. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:683-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
47
|
Pediatric Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Osteoarticular Infections. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020040. [PMID: 29734665 PMCID: PMC6027280 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarticular infections (OSI) are a significant cause of hospitalizations and morbidity in young children. The pediatric patient with OSI presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management due to higher morbidity, effect on growth plate with associated long-lasting sequelae, and challenges in early identification and management. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), first described in the 1960s, has evolved rapidly to emerge as a predominant cause of OSI in children, and therefore empiric treatment for OSI should include an antibiotic effective against MRSA. Characterizing MRSA strains can be done by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Worldwide, community-onset methicillin-resistant staphylococcal disease is widespread and is mainly associated with a PVL-producing clone, ST8/USA300. Many studies have implied a correlation between PVL genes and more severe infection. We review MRSA OSI along with the pertinent aspects of its pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, diagnosis, and current guidelines for management.
Collapse
|