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Puca V, Marinacci B, Pellegrini B, Campanile F, Santagati M, Grande R. Biofilm and bacterial membrane vesicles: recent advances. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:475-491. [PMID: 38578180 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial Membrane Vesicles (MVs) play important roles in cell-to-cell communication and transport of several molecules. Such structures are essential components of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) biofilm matrix of many bacterial species displaying a structural function and a role in virulence and pathogenesis. AREAS COVERED In this review were included original articles from the last ten years by searching the keywords 'biofilm' and 'vesicles' on PUBMED and Scopus databases. The articles available in literature mainly describe a positive correlation between bacterial MVs and biofilms formation. The research on Espacenet and Google Patent databases underlines the available patents related to the application of both biofilm MVs and planktonic MVs in inhibiting biofilm formation. EXPERT OPINION This review covers and analyzes recent advances in the study of the relationship between bacterial vesicles and biofilm. The huge number of papers discussing the role of MVs confirms the interest aimed at developing new applications in the medical field. The study of the MVs composition and biogenesis may contribute to the identification of components which could be (i) the target for the development of new drugs inhibiting the biofilm establishment; (ii) candidates for the development of vaccines; (iii) biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Floriana Campanile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) - Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) - Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Zeng H, Stadler M, Decock C, Matasyoh JC, Schrey H, Müsken M. Discovery of novel secondary metabolites from the basidiomycete Lentinus cf. sajor-caju and their inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105904. [PMID: 38508498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Three novel derivatives of microporenic acid, microporenic acids H-J, were identified from submerged cultures of a Lentinus species obtained from a basidiome collected during a field trip in the tropical rainforest in Western Kenya. Their structures were elucidated via HR-ESIMS spectra and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with known derivatives. Applying biofilm assays based on crystal violet staining and confocal microscopy, two of these compounds, microporenic acids H and I, demonstrated the ability to inhibit biofilm formation of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Thereby, they were effective in a concentration range that did not affect planktonic growth. Additionally, microporenic acid I enhanced the anti-biofilm activity of the antibiotics vancomycin and gentamicin when used in combination. This opens up possibilities for the use of these compounds in combination therapy to prevent the formation of S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zeng
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Cony Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (BCCM/MUCL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Hedda Schrey
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany.
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany.
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Vadakkan K, Sathishkumar K, Kuttiyachan Urumbil S, Ponnenkunnathu Govindankutty S, Kumar Ngangbam A, Devi Nongmaithem B. A review of chemical signaling mechanisms underlying quorum sensing and its inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107465. [PMID: 38761705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterium responsible for multiple infections and is a primary cause of fatalities among patients in hospital environments. The advent of pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus revealed the shortcomings of employing antibiotics to treat bacterial infectious diseases. Quorum sensing enhances S. aureus's survivability through signaling processes. Targeting the key components of quorum sensing has drawn much interest nowadays as a promising strategy for combating infections caused by bacteria. Concentrating on the accessory gene regulator quorum-sensing mechanism is the most commonly suggested anti-virulence approach for S.aureus. Quorum quenching is a common strategy for controlling illnesses triggered by microorganisms since it reduces the pathogenicity of bacteria and improves bacterial biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics, thus providing an intriguing prospect for drug discovery. Quorum sensing inhibition reduces selective stresses and constrains the emergence of antibiotic resistance while limiting bacterial pathogenicity. This review examines the quorum sensing mechanisms involved in S. aureus, quorum sensing targets and gene regulation, environmental factors affecting quorum sensing, quorum sensing inhibition, natural products as quorum sensing inhibitory agents and novel therapeutical strategies to target quorum sensing in S. aureus as drug developing technique to augment conventional antibiotic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India; Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur 795140, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
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Wongchai M, Wongkaewkhiaw S, Kanthawong S, Roytrakul S, Aunpad R. Dual-function antimicrobial-antibiofilm peptide hybrid to tackle biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:44. [PMID: 38755634 PMCID: PMC11100219 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their resistance and difficulty in treatment, biofilm-associated infections are problematic among hospitalized patients globally and account for 60% of all bacterial infections in humans. Antibiofilm peptides have recently emerged as an alternative treatment since they can be effectively designed and exert a different mode of biofilm inhibition and eradication. METHODS A novel antibiofilm peptide, BiF, was designed from the conserved sequence of 18 α-helical antibiofilm peptides by template-assisted technique and its activity was improved by hybridization with a lipid binding motif (KILRR). Novel antibiofilm peptide derivatives were modified by substituting hydrophobic amino acids at positions 5 or 7, and both, with positively charged lysines (L5K, L7K). These peptide derivatives were tested for antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities against biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis and multiple other microbes using crystal violet and broth microdilution assays, respectively. To assess their impact on mammalian cells, the toxicity of peptides was determined through hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays. The stability of candidate peptide, BiF2_5K7K, was assessed in human serum and its secondary structure in bacterial membrane-like environments was analyzed using circular dichroism. The action of BiF2_5K7K on planktonic S. epidermidis and its effect on biofilm cell viability were assessed via viable counting assays. Its biofilm inhibition mechanism was investigated through confocal laser scanning microscopy and transcription analysis. Additionally, its ability to eradicate mature biofilms was examined using colony counting. Finally, a preliminary evaluation involved coating a catheter with BiF2_5K7K to assess its preventive efficacy against S. epidermidis biofilm formation on the catheter and its surrounding area. RESULTS BiF2_5K7K, the modified antibiofilm peptide, exhibited dose-dependent antibiofilm activity against S. epidermidis. It inhibited biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations by altering S. epidermidis extracellular polysaccharide production and quorum-sensing gene expression. Additionally, it exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and no significant hemolysis or toxicity against mammalian cell lines was observed. Its activity is retained when exposed to human serum. In bacterial membrane-like environments, this peptide formed an α-helix amphipathic structure. Within 4 h, a reduction in the number of S. epidermidis colonies was observed, demonstrating the fast action of this peptide. As a preliminary test, a BiF2_5K7K-coated catheter was able to prevent the development of S. epidermidis biofilm both on the catheter surface and in its surrounding area. CONCLUSIONS Due to the safety and effectiveness of BiF2_5K7K, we suggest that this peptide be further developed to combat biofilm infections, particularly those of biofilm-forming S. epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathira Wongchai
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saharut Wongkaewkhiaw
- School of Dentistry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneewan Aunpad
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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Gricajeva A, Buchovec I, Kalėdienė L, Badokas K, Vitta P. Evaluation of visible light and natural photosensitizers against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus planktonic cells and biofilm. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28811. [PMID: 38596007 PMCID: PMC11002230 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photoinactivation (API) has shown some promise in potentially treating different nosocomial bacterial infections, however, its application on staphylococci, especially other than Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) species is still limited. Although S. aureus is a well-known and important nosocomial pathogen, several other species of the genus, particularly coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, can also cause healthcare-associated infections and foodborne intoxications. CNS are often involved in resilient biofilm formation on medical devices and can cause infections in patients with compromised immune systems or those undergoing invasive procedures. In this study, the effects of chlorophyllin and riboflavin-mediated API on S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus planktonic cells and biofilm are demonstrated for the first time. Based on the residual growth determination and metabolic reduction ability changes, higher inactivating efficiency of chlorophyllin-mediated API was determined against the planktonic cells of both tested species of bacteria and against S. saprophyticus biofilm. Some insights on whether aqueous solutions of riboflavin and chlorophyllin, when illuminated with optimal exciting wavelength (440 nm and 402 nm, respectively) generate O2-•, are also provided in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gricajeva
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irina Buchovec
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Sauletekio avenue 3, LT-10257, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kazimieras Badokas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Sauletekio avenue 3, LT-10257, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pranciškus Vitta
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Sauletekio avenue 3, LT-10257, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Gkartziou F, Plota M, Kypraiou C, Gauttam I, Kolonitsiou F, Klepetsanis P, Spiliopoulou I, Antimisiaris SG. Daptomycin Liposomes Exhibit Enhanced Activity against Staphylococci Biofilms Compared to Free Drug. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:459. [PMID: 38675120 PMCID: PMC11054717 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-staphylococcal activity of liposomal daptomycin against four biofilm-producing S. aureus and S. epidermidis clinical strains, three of which are methicillin-resistant. Neutral and negatively charged daptomycin-loaded liposomes were prepared using three methods, namely, thin-film hydration (TFH), a dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method, and microfluidic mixing (MM); moreover, they were characterized for drug encapsulation (EE%), size distribution, zeta-potential, vesicle stability, drug release, and drug integrity. Interestingly, whilst drug loading in THF and DRV nanosized (by extrusion) vesicles was around 30-35, very low loading (~4%) was possible in MM vesicles, requiring further explanatory investigations. Liposomal encapsulation protected daptomycin from degradation and preserved its bioactivity. Biofilm mass (crystal violet, CV), biofilm viability (MTT), and growth curve (GC) assays evaluated the antimicrobial activity of neutral and negatively charged daptomycin-liposomes towards planktonic bacteria and biofilms. Neutral liposomes exhibited dramatically enhanced inhibition of bacterial growth (compared to the free drug) for all species studied, while negatively charged liposomes were totally inactive. Biofilm prevention and treatment studies revealed high antibiofilm activity of liposomal daptomycin. Neutral liposomes were more active for prevention and negative charge ones for treating established biofilms. Planktonic bacteria as well as the matured biofilms of low daptomycin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains were almost completely eradicated by liposomal-daptomycin, indicating the need for their further exploration as antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Gkartziou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Plota
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.P.); (F.K.)
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Charikleia Kypraiou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
| | - Iti Gauttam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
| | - Fevronia Kolonitsiou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.P.); (F.K.)
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Pavlos Klepetsanis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Roy R, Paul P, Chakraborty P, Malik M, Das S, Chatterjee S, Maity A, Dasgupta M, Sarker RK, Sarkar S, Das Gupta A, Tribedi P. Cuminaldehyde and Tobramycin Forestall the Biofilm Threats of Staphylococcus aureus: A Combinatorial Strategy to Evade the Biofilm Challenges. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04914-6. [PMID: 38526664 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, an opportunistic Gram-positive pathogen, is known for causing various infections in humans, primarily by forming biofilms. The biofilm-induced antibiotic resistance has been considered a significant medical threat. Combinatorial therapy has been considered a reliable approach to combat antibiotic resistance by using multiple antimicrobial agents simultaneously, targeting bacteria through different mechanisms of action. To this end, we examined the effects of two molecules, cuminaldehyde (a natural compound) and tobramycin (an antibiotic), individually and in combination, against staphylococcal biofilm. Our experimental observations demonstrated that cuminaldehyde (20 μg/mL) in combination with tobramycin (0.05 μg/mL) exhibited efficient reduction in biofilm formation compared to their individual treatments (p < 0.01). Additionally, the combination showed an additive interaction (fractional inhibitory concentration value 0.66) against S. aureus. Further analysis revealed that the effective combination accelerated the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the membrane permeability of the bacteria. Our findings also specified that the cuminaldehyde in combination with tobramycin efficiently reduced biofilm-associated pathogenicity factors of S. aureus, including fibrinogen clumping ability, hemolysis property, and staphyloxanthin production. The selected concentrations of tobramycin and cuminaldehyde demonstrated promising activity against the biofilm development of S. aureus on catheter models without exerting antimicrobial effects. In conclusion, the combination of tobramycin and cuminaldehyde presented a successful strategy for combating staphylococcal biofilm-related healthcare threats. This combinatorial approach holds the potential for controlling biofilm-associated infections caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Roy
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Payel Paul
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Poulomi Chakraborty
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Moumita Malik
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Sharmistha Das
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Sudipta Chatterjee
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Alakesh Maity
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Monikankana Dasgupta
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Ranojit Kumar Sarker
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Sarita Sarkar
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Anirban Das Gupta
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Prosun Tribedi
- Microbial Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India.
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Gundog DA, Ozkaya Y, Gungor C, Ertas Onmaz N, Gonulalan Z. Pathogenic potential of meat-borne coagulase negative staphylococci strains from slaughterhouse to fork. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00500-2. [PMID: 38521888 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in meat processing lines for their pathogenic potential associated with biofilm formation, staphylococcal toxin genes, and antibiotic resistance in obtained isolates. Out of 270 samples, 56 isolates were identified as staphylococcal with their species level, and their antimicrobial resistance profiles were also determined with the BD Phoenix™ system. Among these, CoNS were found in 32 isolates, including S. epidermidis (22%), S. warneri (22%), S. cohnii (9%), S. schleiferi (9%), S. capitis (6%), S. haemolyticus (6%), S. lugdunensis (6%), S. chromogenes (6%), S. kloosii (3%), S. sciuri (3%), S. lentus (3%), and S. caprae (3%). Biofilm formation was observed in 78.1% of CoNS isolates, with 56% being strong biofilm producers; and the frequency of the icaA, fnbA, and fnbB genes were 43.7% and 34.3%, and 9.3% in isolates, respectively. Twenty-five (78.1%) of these strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, 20 (80%) of which exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Regarding genotypic analyses, 15.6%, 22.2%, 87.5%, and 9% of isolates, were positive for blaZ, ermC, tetK, and aacA-aphD, respectively. In 8 (25%) of all isolates had one or more staphylococcal toxin genes: the sed gene was the most frequent (12.5%), followed by eta (9.3%), tst-1 (6.25%), and sea (3.1%). In conclusion, this study highlights meat; and meat products might be reservoirs for the biofilm-producing MDR-CoNS, which harbored several toxin genes. Hence, it should not be ignored that CoNS may be related to foodborne outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Alp Gundog
- Department of Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey.
| | - Yasin Ozkaya
- Department of Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| | - Candan Gungor
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Ertas Onmaz
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| | - Zafer Gonulalan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
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9
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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Zhang L, Pumera M. Chemical multiscale robotics for bacterial biofilm treatment. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2284-2299. [PMID: 38324331 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00564j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A biofilm constitutes a bacterial community encased in a sticky matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These intricate microbial communities adhere to various host surfaces such as hard and soft tissues as well as indwelling medical devices. These microbial aggregates form a robust matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), leading to the majority of human infections. Such infections tend to exhibit high resistance to treatment, often progressing into chronic states. The matrix of EPS protects bacteria from a hostile environment and prevents the penetration of antibacterial agents. Modern robots at nano, micro, and millimeter scales are highly attractive candidates for biomedical applications due to their diverse functionalities, such as navigating in confined spaces and targeted multitasking. In this tutorial review, we describe key milestones in the strategies developed for the removal and eradication of biofilms using robots of different sizes and shapes. It can be seen that robots at different scales are useful and effective tools for treating bacterial biofilms, thus preventing persistent infections, the loss of costly implanted medical devices, and additional costs associated with hospitalization and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Advanced Nanorobots & Multicale Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Advanced Nanorobots & Multicale Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Ak G, Tüfekci EF, Mustafa AM, Caprioli G, Altunoglu YC, Baloglu MC, Cakılcıoglu U, Polat R, Darendelioglu E, Zengin G. Exploring Sorbus torminalis Leaves: Unveiling a Promising Natural Resource for Diverse Chemical and Biological Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301596. [PMID: 38126959 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz has a rich history of versatile applications spanning the fields of medicine and nutrition. It is noteworthy that the decoction obtained from S. torminalis leaves is a traditional treatment method against both diabetes and stomach disorders. Phytochemical profiling determined by HPLC/MS-MS. The effects of the extracts on cell viability were investigated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method against MDA-MB-231 cell line (human breast adenocarcinoma).The ethanol/water extract contained more concentration of total phenolic (91.41 mg gallic acid (GAE) equivalent /gr) and flavanoid (29.10 mg rutin (RE) equivalent/gr) in the tested extract (p<0.05). Resulting of HPLC analysis, the chemical constituents varied depending on the solvents and chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercetin, delphindin-3,5-diglucoside, procyanidin B2, epicatechin, neochlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were identified in all extracts. Overall, ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed the highest inhibition for the tyrosinase enzyme. The effect of leaf extracts of S. torminalis on antimicrobial, biofilm inhibitory, and anticancer activities was examined. Based on outcomes of our study recognize this plant as a critical source of medically active chemicals for feasible phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, providing the first scientific insight into the detailed biological and chemical profiles of S. torminalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunes Ak
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
| | - Enis Fuat Tüfekci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Plantomics Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Plantomics Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
- Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabancı University, Turkey
| | - Ugur Cakılcıoglu
- Munzur University, Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Polat
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingol University, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Darendelioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
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11
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Ul Haq I, Khan TA, Krukiewicz K. Etiology, pathology, and host-impaired immunity in medical implant-associated infections. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:189-203. [PMID: 38113816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Host impaired immunity and pathogens adhesion factors are the key elements in analyzing medical implant-associated infections (MIAI). The infection chances are further influenced by surface properties of implants. This review addresses the medical implant-associated pathogens and summarizes the etiology, pathology, and host-impaired immunity in MIAI. Several bacterial and fungal pathogens have been isolated from MIAI; together, they form cross-kingdom species biofilms and support each other in different ways. The adhesion factors initiate the pathogen's adherence on the implant's surface; however, implant-induced impaired immunity promotes the pathogen's colonization and biofilm formation. Depending on the implant's surface properties, immune cell functions get slow or get exaggerated and cause immunity-induced secondary complications resulting in resistant depression and immuno-incompetent fibro-inflammatory zone that compromise implant's performance. Such consequences lead to the unavoidable and straightforward conclusion for the downstream transformation of new ideas, such as the development of multifunctional implant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Tecnológica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Taj Ali Khan
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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12
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Jayakumar J, Vinod V, Arumugam T, Sathy BN, Biswas L, Kumar VA, Biswas R. Efficacy of Lysostaphin functionalized silicon catheter for the prevention of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128547. [PMID: 38048926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus readily forms biofilms on tissue and indwelling catheter surfaces. These biofilms are resistant to antibiotics. Consequently, effective prevention and treatment strategies against staphylococcal biofilms are actively being pursued over the past two decades. One of the proposed strategies involve the incorporation of antibiotics and antiseptics into catheters, however, a persistent concern regarding the possible emergence of antimicrobial resistance is associated with these medical devices. In this study, we developed two types of silicone catheters: one with Lysostaphin (Lst) adsorbed onto the surface, and the other with Lst functionalized on the surface. To confirm the presence of Lst protein on the catheter surface, we conducted FTIR-ATR and SEM-EDS analysis. Both catheters exhibited hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, and demonstrated antimicrobial and biofilm prevention activities against both methicillin-sensitive and resistant strains of S. aureus. Furthermore, the silicone catheters that were surface-functionalized with Lst showed substantially better and more persistent anti-biofilm effects when compared to the catheters where Lst was surface-adsorbed, both under in vitro static and flow conditions, as well as in vivo in BALB/c mice. These results indicate that surface-functionalized Lst catheters have the potential to serve as a promising new medical device for preventing S. aureus biofilm infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Jayakumar
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vivek Vinod
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Thennavan Arumugam
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Binulal Nelson Sathy
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Lalitha Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - V Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India.
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13
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Liu X, Zuo J, Teng J, Yang L, Guo J, Liu L, Li P. Antibiofilm potential of luteolin against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy goats and farm environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122274. [PMID: 37524237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a prominent pathogen responsible for mastitis in dairy goats, and capable of contaminating farm environments. Luteolin is a naturally derived flavonoid found in many plant types. To our best of knowledge, this study involved the initial investigation into the prevalence of S. aureus and screened the multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus from raw milk samples and farm environments. Furthermore, we explored the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of luteolin against MDR S. aureus. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated via crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Bacterial morphology and biofilm microstructure were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the antibiofilm mechanisms were further explored based on extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, extracellular DNA (eDNA) content, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). In total, 28 and 43 S. aureus isolates were isolated from raw milk and environmental samples, respectively. Raw milk samples had the highest prevalence of S. aureus (58.33%), followed by sewage sludge (35.42%), soil (27.78%), excrement (19.44%), bulk tank (12.50%), milking parlor (11.11%), and feed (7.50%). Among the isolated strains, 40 isolates (56.34%) expressed the MDR phenotype. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of luteolin against MDR S. aureus were 8-32 μg/mL and 16-64 μg/mL, respectively. Compared to that in the untreated control isolate, the number of dead cells increased, while the auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity decreased. Moreover, the cell membrane dissolved with the increase in luteolin concentration. Luteolin down-regulated the transcription of seven biofilm related genes: icaA, icaD, icab, hld, hla, agrA and RNAIII. These results indicated that S. aureus coexisted in raw milk and goat farm environments, and also suggested the potential of luteolin as a promising antibiofilm agent against MDR S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jingru Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Teng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Kromer C, Schwibbert K, Radunz S, Thiele D, Laux P, Luch A, Tschiche HR. ROS generating BODIPY loaded nanoparticles for photodynamic eradication of biofilms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1274715. [PMID: 37908542 PMCID: PMC10615615 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1274715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can pose a serious health risk to humans and are less susceptible to antibiotics and disinfection than planktonic bacteria. Here, a novel method for biofilm eradication based on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy utilizing a nanoparticle in conjunction with a BODIPY derivative as photosensitizer was developed. Reactive oxygen species are generated upon illumination with visible light and lead to a strong, controllable and persistent eradication of both planktonic bacteria and biofilms. One of the biggest challenges in biofilm eradication is the penetration of the antimicrobial agent into the biofilm and its matrix. A biocompatible hydrophilic nanoparticle was utilized as a delivery system for the hydrophobic BODIPY dye and enabled its accumulation within the biofilm. This key feature of delivering the antimicrobial agent to the site of action where it is activated resulted in effective eradication of all tested biofilms. Here, 3 bacterial species that commonly form clinically relevant pathogenic biofilms were selected: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. The development of this antimicrobial photodynamic therapy tool for biofilm eradication takes a promising step towards new methods for the much needed treatment of pathogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kromer
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Product Materials and Nanotechnology, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Schwibbert
- Department Materials and the Environment, Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dorothea Thiele
- Department Materials and the Environment, Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Product Materials and Nanotechnology, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Product Materials and Nanotechnology, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald R. Tschiche
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Product Materials and Nanotechnology, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Francis D, Veeramanickathadathil Hari G, Koonthanmala Subash A, Bhairaddy A, Joy A. The biofilm proteome of Staphylococcus aureus and its implications for therapeutic interventions to biofilm-associated infections. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 138:327-400. [PMID: 38220430 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major healthcare concern due to its ability to inflict life-threatening infections and evolve antibiotic resistance at an alarming pace. It is frequently associated with hospital-acquired infections, especially device-associated infections. Systemic infections due to S. aureus are difficult to treat and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The situation is worsened by the ability of S. aureus to form social associations called biofilms. Biofilms embed a community of cells with the ability to communicate with each other and share resources within a polysaccharide or protein matrix. S. aureus establish biofilms on tissues and conditioned abiotic surfaces. Biofilms are hyper-tolerant to antibiotics and help evade host immune responses. Biofilms exacerbate the severity and recalcitrance of device-associated infections. The development of a biofilm involves various biomolecules, such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids, contributing to different structural and functional roles. Interconnected signaling pathways and regulatory molecules modulate the expression of these molecules. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular biology of biofilm development would help to devise effective anti-biofilm therapeutics. Although bactericidal agents, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and nano-conjugated anti-biofilm agents have been employed with varying levels of success, there is still a requirement for effective and clinically viable anti-biofilm therapeutics. Proteins that are expressed and utilized during biofilm formation, constituting the biofilm proteome, are a particularly attractive target for anti-biofilm strategies. The proteome can be explored to identify potential anti-biofilm drug targets and utilized for rational drug discovery. With the aim of uncovering the biofilm proteome, this chapter explores the mechanism of biofilm formation and its regulation. Furthermore, it explores the antibiofilm therapeutics targeted against the biofilm proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Francis
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India.
| | | | | | - Anusha Bhairaddy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
| | - Atheene Joy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
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16
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Mostafa MM, Kamel M, Mahdy A. Microbial colonization of sacral nerve stimulators pseudo-capsule: A single institution experience. Investig Clin Urol 2023; 64:495-500. [PMID: 37668206 PMCID: PMC10482663 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence and type of microbial colonization of the pseudo-capsule (PC) that forms around sacral nerve stimulators (SNS) and consequently the significance of surgical excision of this PC at time of SNS revision or removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 31 patients who underwent SNS revision or removal from January 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The baseline demographics, rate and type of PC microbial colonization and development of SNS insertion site infection were reported. RESULTS A cohort of 31 patients who underwent "InterStim device (Medtronic)" revision or removal were included. The majority were females (93.5%). The most common indication for SNS insertion was refractory overactive bladder (67.7%). Nine patients (29.0%) underwent SNS revision due to malfunctional device, and 9 patients had SNS removal for the need of MRI procedures. Four patients (12.9%) had positive tissue culture growing Coryneform bacillus (50.0%), Cutibacterium acnes (25.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.0%). CONCLUSIONS PC colonization was uncommon at the time of SNS explant. However, more research is needed to better understand the role of PC-positive culture in increasing the risk of SNS device infections if strict adherence to sterile techniques is adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Mostafa
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ayman Mahdy
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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17
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Samaniego LVB, Higasi PMR, de Mello Capetti CC, Cortez AA, Pratavieira S, de Oliveira Arnoldi Pellegrini V, Dabul ANG, Segato F, Polikarpov I. Staphylococcus aureus microbial biofilms degradation using cellobiose dehydrogenase from Thermothelomyces thermophilus M77. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125822. [PMID: 37451383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This work reports biochemical characterization of Thermothelomyces thermophilus cellobiose dehydrogenase (TthCDHIIa) and its application as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent. We demonstrate that TthCDHIIa is thermostable in different ionic solutions and is capable of oxidizing multiple mono and oligosaccharide substrates and to continuously produce H2O2. Kinetics measurements depict the enzyme catalytic characteristics consistent with an Ascomycota class II CDH. Our structural analyses show that TthCDHIIa substrate binding pocket is spacious enough to accommodate larger cello and xylooligosaccharides. We also reveal that TthCDHIIa supplemented with cellobiose reduces the viability of S. aureus ATCC 25923 up to 32 % in a planktonic growth model and also inhibits its biofilm growth on 62.5 %. Furthermore, TthCDHIIa eradicates preformed S. aureus biofilms via H2O2 oxidative degradation of the biofilm matrix, making these bacteria considerably more susceptible to gentamicin and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Miwa Rabelo Higasi
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Cesar de Mello Capetti
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anelyse Abreu Cortez
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Andrei Nicoli Gebieluca Dabul
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Lorena School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, 12602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Tran NN, Morrisette T, Jorgensen SCJ, Orench-Benvenutti JM, Kebriaei R. Current therapies and challenges for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections. Pharmacotherapy 2023; 43:816-832. [PMID: 37133439 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections and contributes to significant increase in morbidity and mortality especially when associated with medical devices and in biofilm form. Biofilm structure provides a pathway for the enrichment of resistant and persistent phenotypes of S. aureus leading to relapse and recurrence of infection. Minimal diffusion of antibiotics inside biofilm structure leads to heterogeneity and distinct physiological activity. Additionally, horizontal gene transfer between cells in proximity adds to the challenges associated with eradication of biofilms. This narrative review focuses on biofilm-associated infections caused by S. aureus, the impact of environmental conditions on biofilm formation, interactions inside biofilm communities, and the clinical challenges that they present. Conclusively, potential solutions, novel treatment strategies, combination therapies, and reported alternatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki N Tran
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center - The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Taylor Morrisette
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical University of South Carolina Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah C J Jorgensen
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - José M Orench-Benvenutti
- P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Razieh Kebriaei
- P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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19
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Mondal A, Maffe P, Wilson SN, Ghalei S, Palacio R, Handa H, Brisbois EJ. Catalytic effect of transition metal-doped medical grade polymer on S-nitrosothiol decomposition and its biological response. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:3197-3206. [PMID: 38013687 PMCID: PMC10388399 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-release from polymer metal composites is achieved through the incorporation of NO donors such as S-nitrosothiols (RSNO). Several studies have shown that metal nanoparticles catalytically decompose RSNO to release NO. In polymer composites, the NO surface flux from the surface can be modulated by the application of metal nanoparticles with a varying degree of catalytic activity. In this study, we compare the NO-releasing polymer composite design strategy - demonstrating how different ways of incorporating RSNO and metal nanoparticles can affect NO flux, donor leaching, or biological activity of the films. The first approach included blending both the RSNO and metal nanoparticle in the matrix (non-layered), while the second approach involved dip-coating metal nanoparticle/polymer layer on the RSNO-containing polymer composite (layered). Secondly, we compare both designs with respect to metal nanoparticles, including iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and silver (Ag). Differential NO surface flux is observed for each metal nanoparticle, with the Cu-containing polymer composites showing the highest flux for layered composites, whereas Fe demonstrated the highest NO flux for non-layered composites in 24 h. Additionally, a comparative study on NO flux modulation via the choice of metal nanoparticles is shown. Furthermore, mouse fibroblast cell viability when exposed to leachates from the polymer metal composites was dependent on (1) the design of the polymer composite where the layered approach performed better than non-layered composites (2) diffusion of metal nanoparticles from the composites plays a key role. Antibacterial activity on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was also dependent on individual metal nanoparticles and flux levels in a 24 h in vitro CDC bioreactor study. Therefore, the study establishes the need for a layered polymer metal composite strategy that synergizes NO flux without negatively affecting biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mondal
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia 302 E Campus Road, Suite 2212 GA 30605 Athens 30602 USA
| | - Patrick Maffe
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia 302 E Campus Road, Suite 2212 GA 30605 Athens 30602 USA
| | - Sarah N Wilson
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia 302 E Campus Road, Suite 2212 GA 30605 Athens 30602 USA
| | - Sama Ghalei
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia 302 E Campus Road, Suite 2212 GA 30605 Athens 30602 USA
| | - Ricky Palacio
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia 302 E Campus Road, Suite 2212 GA 30605 Athens 30602 USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia 302 E Campus Road, Suite 2212 GA 30605 Athens 30602 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens 30602 USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia 302 E Campus Road, Suite 2212 GA 30605 Athens 30602 USA
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20
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Colombo APV, do Souto RM, Araújo LL, Espíndola LCP, Hartenbach FARR, Magalhães CB, da Silva Oliveira Alves G, Lourenço TGB, da Silva-Boghossian CM. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of subgingival staphylococci isolated from periodontal health and diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11613. [PMID: 37463947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysbiotic biofilm of periodontitis may function as a reservoir for opportunistic human pathogens of clinical relevance. This study explored the virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from the subgingival biofilm of individuals with different periodontal conditions. Subgingival biofilm was obtained from 142 individuals with periodontal health, 101 with gingivitis and 302 with periodontitis, and cultivated on selective media. Isolated strains were identified by mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion. The mecA and virulence genes were surveyed by PCR. Differences among groups regarding species, virulence and antimicrobial resistance were examined by Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney tests. The overall prevalence of subgingival staphylococci was 46%, especially in severe periodontitis (> 60%; p < 0.01). S. epidermidis (59%) and S. aureus (22%) were the predominant species across groups. S. condimenti, S. hominis, S. simulans and S. xylosus were identified only in periodontitis. High rates of resistance/reduced sensitivity were found for penicillin (60%), amoxicillin (55%) and azithromycin (37%), but multidrug resistance was observed in 12% of the isolates. Over 70% of the mecA + strains in periodontitis were isolated from severe disease. Higher detection rates of fnB + isolates were observed in periodontitis compared to health and gingivitis, whereas luxF/luxS-pvl + strains were associated with sites with deep pockets and attachment loss (p < 0.05). Penicillin-resistant staphylococci is highly prevalent in the subgingival biofilm regardless of the periodontal status. Strains carrying virulence genes related to tissue adhesion/invasion, inflammation and cytotoxicity support the pathogenic potential of these opportunists in the periodontal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Renata Martins do Souto
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lélia Lima Araújo
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laís Christina Pontes Espíndola
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fátima Aparecida R R Hartenbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Bichara Magalhães
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Gomes Baêta Lourenço
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carina Maciel da Silva-Boghossian
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Clinics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Xu LC, Ochetto A, Chen C, Sun D, Allcock HR, Siedlecki CA. Surfaces modified with small molecules that interfere with nucleotide signaling reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm and increase the efficacy of ciprofloxacin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113345. [PMID: 37196462 PMCID: PMC10355139 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis are common bacteria associated with biofilm related infections on implanted medical devices. Antibiotics are often used in combating such infections, but they may lose their efficacy in the presence of biofilms. Bacterial intracellular nucleotide second messenger signaling plays an important role in biofilm formation, and interference with the nucleotide signaling pathways provides a possible way to control biofilm formation and to increase biofilm susceptibility to antibiotic therapy. This study synthesized small molecule derivates of 4-arylazo-3,5-diamino-1 H-pyrazole (named as SP02 and SP03) and found these molecules inhibited S. epidermidis biofilm formation and induced biofilm dispersal. Analysis of bacterial nucleotide signaling molecules showed that both SP02 and SP03 significantly reduced cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) levels in S. epidermidis at doses as low as 25 µM while having significant effects on multiple nucleotides signaling including cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), c-di-AMP, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) at high doses (100 µM or greater). We then tethered these small molecules to polyurethane (PU) biomaterial surfaces and investigated biofilm formation on the modified surfaces. Results showed that the modified surfaces significantly inhibited biofilm formation during 24 h and 7-day incubations. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin was used to treat these biofilms and the efficacy of the antibiotic (2 µg/mL) was found to increase from 94.8% on unmodified PU surfaces to > 99.9% on both SP02 and SP03 modified surfaces (>3 log units). Results demonstrated the feasibility of tethering small molecules that interfere with nucleotide signaling onto polymeric biomaterial surfaces and in a way that interrupts biofilm formation and increases antibiotic efficacy for S. epidermidis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Alyssa Ochetto
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Mass Spectrometry Core Facilities (RRID: SCR_017831), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Christopher A Siedlecki
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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22
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Chen X, Hu C, Shu Z, Wang X, Zhao Y, Song W, Chen X, Jin M, Xiu Y, Guo X, Kong X, Jiang Y, Guan J, Gongga L, Wang L, Wang B. Isovanillic acid protects mice against Staphylococcus aureus by targeting vWbp and Coa. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:735-749. [PMID: 37526178 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our primary objective was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of isovanillic acid in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus Newman. Methods: In vitro coagulation assays were used to validate vWbp and Coa as inhibitory targets of isovanillic acid. The binding mechanism of isovanillic acid to vWbp and Coa was investigated using molecular docking and point mutagenesis. Importantly, a lethal pneumonia mouse model was used to assess the effect of isovanillic acid on survival and pathological injury in mice. Results & Conclusion: Isovanillic acid reduced the virulence of S. aureus by directly binding to inhibit the clotting activity of vWbp and Coa, thereby reducing lung histopathological damage and improving the survival rate in mice with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Chen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chunjie Hu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
- Proctology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zunhua Shu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xingye Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
- Center for Pathogen Biology & Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun,130021, China
| | - Wu Song
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Mengli Jin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yang Xiu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xuerui Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiangri Kong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lanzi Gongga
- Tibet University Medical College, Tibet, 850000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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23
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Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Bruggemann L, Aalinkeel R. Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1614. [PMID: 37375116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. This review provides a succinct summary of the theories behind the composition of, formation of, and drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm and cutting-edge curative approaches to counteract and treat biofilm. The high frequency of medical device-induced infections due to biofilm warrants the application of innovative technologies to manage the complexities presented by biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - James Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Liana Bruggemann
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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24
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Blomstrand E, Atefyekta S, Rajasekharan AK, Andersson M. Clinical investigation of use of an antimicrobial peptide hydrogel wound dressing on intact skin. J Wound Care 2023; 32:368-375. [PMID: 37300860 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.6.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A material with the ability to rapidly eradicate bacteria via a contact-killing mechanism has the benefit of a more localised treatment that is easy to implement when needed to prevent or treat a bacterial infection. Here, we present an antimicrobial material based on covalently attached antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to a soft amphiphilic hydrogel. This results in a material that exhibits an antimicrobial effect based on contact-killing. In this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of the AMP-hydrogel was investigated by observing the changes in total bioburden on the intact skin of healthy human volunteers when the AMP-hydrogel dressing was placed on the forearm for three hours. The AMP-hydrogel significantly reduced the bioburden on the skin from a mean value of 1200CFU/cm2 for the untreated skin to 23CFU/cm2. Biocompatibility evaluations of the AMP-hydrogel showed no sign of cytotoxicity, acute systemic toxicity, irritation or sensitisation, demonstrating the safety of the AMP-hydrogel as a potential wound dressing. Leachability studies confirmed no release of AMPs and that the antimicrobial effect was localised to the surface of the hydrogels, demonstrating a pure contact-killing mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Blomstrand
- Amferia AB, Astra Zeneca BioVentureHub, c/o Astra Zeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal SE-431 83, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4 Göteborg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Saba Atefyekta
- Amferia AB, Astra Zeneca BioVentureHub, c/o Astra Zeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Anand K Rajasekharan
- Amferia AB, Astra Zeneca BioVentureHub, c/o Astra Zeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Amferia AB, Astra Zeneca BioVentureHub, c/o Astra Zeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal SE-431 83, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4 Göteborg SE-41296, Sweden
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25
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He L, Lv H, Wang Y, Jiang F, Liu Q, Zhang F, Wang H, Shen H, Otto M, Li M. Antibiotic treatment can exacerbate biofilm-associated infection by promoting quorum cheater development. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:26. [PMID: 37202425 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum cheating, a socio-microbiological process that is based on mutations in cell density-sensing (quorum-sensing) systems, has emerged as an important contributor to biofilm-associated infection in the leading human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. This is because inactivation of the staphylococcal Agr quorum-sensing system leads to pronounced biofilm formation, increasing resistance to antibiotics and immune defense mechanisms. Since biofilm infections in the clinic usually progress under antibiotic treatment, we here investigated whether such treatment promotes biofilm infection via the promotion of quorum cheating. Quorum cheater development was stimulated by several antibiotics used in the treatment of staphylococcal biofilm infections more strongly in biofilm than in the planktonic mode of growth. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of levofloxacin and vancomycin were investigated for their impact on biofilm-associated (subcutaneous catheter-associated and prosthetic joint-associated infection), where in contrast to a non-biofilm-associated subcutaneous skin infection model, a significant increase of the bacterial load and development of agr mutants was observed. Our results directly demonstrate the development of Agr dysfunctionality in animal biofilm-associated infection models and reveal that inappropriate antibiotic treatment can be counterproductive for such infections as it promotes quorum cheating and the associated development of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huiying Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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26
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Ochetto A, Sun D, Siedlecki CA, Xu LC. Nucleotide Messenger Signaling of Staphylococci in Responding to Nitric Oxide - Releasing Biomaterials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37155716 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) releasing biomaterials are a promising approach against medical device associated microbial infection. In contrast to the bacteria-killing effects of NO at high concentrations, NO at low concentrations serves as an important signaling molecule to inhibit biofilm formation or disperse mature biofilms by regulating the intracellular nucleotide second messenger signaling network such as cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) for many Gram-negative bacterial strains. However, Gram-positive staphylococcal bacteria are the most commonly diagnosed microbial infections on indwelling devices, but much less is known about the nucleotide messengers and their response to NO as well as the mechanism by which NO inhibits biofilm formation. This study investigated the cyclic nucleotide second messengers c-di-GMP, cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Newman D2C and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) RP62A after incubating with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, NO donor) impregnated polyurethane (PU) films. Results demonstrated that NO release from the polymer films significantly reduced the c-di-GMP levels in S. aureus planktonic and sessile cells, and these bacteria showed inhibited biofilm formation. However, the effect of NO release on c-di-GMP in S. epidermidis was weak, but rather, S. epidermidis showed significant reduction in c-di-AMP levels in response to NO release and also showed reduced biofilm formation. Results strongly suggest that NO regulates the nucleotide second messenger signaling network in different ways for these two bacteria, but for both bacteria, these changes in signaling affect the formations of biofilms. These findings provide cues to understand the mechanism of Staphylococcus biofilm inhibition by NO and suggest novel targets for antibiofilm interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Ochetto
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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27
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Simultaneous deposition of tannic acid derivative and covalent conjugation of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) for the construction of antifouling coatings. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 224:113194. [PMID: 36758460 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and subsequent colonization play an important role in the failure of biomedical implants and devices. Thus, development of a simple surface modification strategy to combat bacterial adhesion is highly desirable. In this work, "one-pot" fabrication of antifouling coatings based on simultaneous surface adhesion of trihydroxyphenyl and dihydroxyphenyl moieties of tannic acid (TA) derivative and covalent conjugation of hydrophilic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA) was demonstrated. Surface co-depositions of TA/PMOXA hybrids of different TA derivative to PMOXA weight ratios and different molecular weights of PMOXA were conducted. The surface hydrophilicity and deposition universality on various substrates were investigated. The anti-bacterial and anti-platelet adhesion, as well as anti-biofilm formation abilities, of the TA/PMOXA-based coating were also studied. In vitro hemolysis and cytotoxicity, and in vivo biocompatibility of the TA/PMOXA-based coating were further evaluated. All the results indicate that the TA/PMOXA-based coating could be employed as an antifouling additive on biomedical implants and devices.
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28
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Alsharedeh RH, Alshraiedeh NH, Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Fandi MG, Hayajneh RH, Atawneh FH, Shubair ZA. Biofilm formation by E. coli and S. aureus on cellphone cover: sensitivity to commercially available sanitizers. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e95865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of pathogens on the cellphones and their accessories poses a significant risk for public health. This study aimed to determine the biofilm-forming capability of S. aureus and E. coli on pieces made from a different commercially available cell phone and aadditionally to test the effectiveness of the most common commercially available sanitizers. Therefore, bacterial biofilm biomasses were quantitatively determined on cellphone covers using crystal violet assay in the presence and absence of common sanitizers. This study revealed that S. aureus and E. coli could form biofilms on the surfaces of all cellphones covers. Additionally, the sanitizers that contain sodium hypochlorite 5.25% and those composed of 38.9% ethanol and 0.05% dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride showed the highest log reduction in the number of viable cells after 5 minutes of exposure against biofilms formed by both E. coli and S. aureus compared to other tested sanitizers (chloroxylenol 4.8%, 2-propanol 64%, and ethanol 70%). Moreover, 4.8% chloroxylenol and 70% ethanol-based sanitizers showed log reductions significantly higher than 2-propanol-based ones. In conclusion, cellphone covers were shown to be suitable surfaces for microbial biofilm formation produced by S. aureus and E. coli. The antimicrobial activity of commercially available sanitizers against these bacterial biofilms was variable, with sodium hypochlorite and ethanol/dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride sanitizer being the most effective.
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29
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Singh S, Meador WE, Pramanik A, Ray P, Delcamp JH, Zhao Y. An indolizine squaraine-based water-soluble NIR dye for fluorescence imaging of multidrug-resistant bacteria and antibacterial/antibiofilm activity using the photothermal effect. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 240:112652. [PMID: 36682344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The majority of nosocomial infections are caused by bacteria with antimicrobial resistance and the formation of biofilms, such as implant-related bacterial infections and sepsis. There is an urgent need to develop new strategies for early-stage screening, destruction of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and efficient inhibition of biofilms. Organic dyes that absorb and emit in the near-infrared (NIR) region are potentially non-invasive, high-resolution, and rapid biological imaging materials. In this study, a non-toxic and biocompatible indolizine squaraine dye with water-solubilizing sulfonate groups (SO3SQ) is studied for bacterial imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). PTT is efficient in eliminating microorganisms through local hyperthermia without the risk of developing drug-resistant bacteria. The optical properties of SO3SQ are studied extensively in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra analysis shows a strong absorption between 650 nm - 1000 nm. SO3SQ allows for the wash-free fluorescence imaging of drug-resistant bacteria via NIR fluorescence imaging due to a "turn-on" fluorescence property of the dye when interacting with bacteria. Although SO3SQ exhibits no toxicity against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, the PTT property of SO3SQ is efficient in killing bacteria as well as inhibiting and eradicating biofilms. PTT experiments demonstrate that SO3SQ reduces 90% of cell viability in bacterial strains under NIR radiation with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC90) of >450 μg/mL. The PTT property of SO3SQ can also inhibit biofilms (BIC90 = 1000-2000 μg/mL) and eradicate both preformed young and mature biofilms (MBEC90 = 1500-2000 μg/mL) as observed by crystal violet assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Physics & Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States of America
| | - William E Meador
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States of America
| | - Avijit Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Physics & Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States of America
| | - Paresh Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Physics & Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States of America
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States of America
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Physics & Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States of America.
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30
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Hasanpour AH, Sepidarkish M, Mollalo A, Ardekani A, Almukhtar M, Mechaal A, Hosseini SR, Bayani M, Javanian M, Rostami A. The global prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in residents of elderly care centers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36709300 PMCID: PMC9884412 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a difficult to treat infection, particularly in residents of elderly care centers (ECCs). Despite the substantial burden of MRSA, an inadequate number of studies have analyzed MRSA prevalence in ECCs. OBJECTIVES We conducted a worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and risk factors of MRSA in ECCs. METHODS We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and the gray literature sources for all studies published between January 1980 and December 2022 on the prevalence of MRSA in ECCs. A random-effects model was utilized to estimate pooled prevalence rates at 95% confidence intervals (CI). Moreover, the data were analyzed based on World Health Organization-defined regions, income, and human development index levels. RESULTS In total, 119 studies, including 164,717 participants from 29 countries, were found eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled global prevalence of MRSA was 14.69% (95% CI 12.39-17.15%; 16,793/164,717). Male gender [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.55; 95% CI 1.47-1.64], previous MRSA infection (PR = 3.71; 95% CI 3.44-4.01), prior use of antibiotics (PR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.83-2.12), hospitalized within the previous year (PR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.20-1.45), have had any wound (PR = 2.38; 95% CI 2.23-2.55), have used urinary catheter (PR = 2.24; 95% CI 2.06-2.43), have used any medical device (PR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.66-1.91), and those with diabetes (PR = 1.55; CI 1.43-1.67) were more likely to be colonized by MRSA than other patients. CONCLUSION Screening programs and preventive measures should target MRSA in ECCs due to the high global prevalence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Hasanpour
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- grid.252749.f0000 0001 1261 1616Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH USA
| | - Ali Ardekani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amal Mechaal
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas Md Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bayani
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mostafa Javanian
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Orlandi VT, Martegani E, Trivellin N, Bolognese F, Caruso E. Photo-Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by Diaryl-Porphyrins. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020228. [PMID: 36830139 PMCID: PMC9951968 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) has received great attention in recent years since it is an effective and promising modality for the treatment of human oral and skin infections with the advantage of bypassing pathogens' resistance to antimicrobials. Moreover, PACT applications demonstrated a certain activity in the inhibition and eradication of biofilms, overcoming the well-known tolerance of sessile communities to antimicrobial agents. In this study, 13 diaryl-porphyrins (mono-, di-cationic, and non-ionic) P1-P13 were investigated for their potential as photosensitizer anti-Staphylococcus aureus. The efficacy of the diaryl-porphyrins was evaluated through photo-inactivation tests. Crystal-violet staining combined with viable count techniques were aimed at assaying their anti-biofilm activity. Among the tested compounds, the neutral photosensitizer P4 was better than the cationic ones, irrespective of their corresponding binding rates. In particular, P4 was active in inhibiting the biofilm formation and in impairing the viability of the adherent and planktonic populations of a 24 h old biofilm. The inhibitory activity was also efficient against a methicillin resistant S. aureus strain. In conclusion, the diaryl-porphyrin family represents a reservoir of promising compounds for photodynamic applications against the pathogen S. aureus and in preventing the formation of biofilms that cause many infections to become chronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Teresa Orlandi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Eleonora Martegani
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Nicola Trivellin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6A, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bolognese
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Peng Q, Tang X, Dong W, Sun N, Yuan W. A Review of Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Regulation Mechanism. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010012. [PMID: 36671212 PMCID: PMC9854888 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can form biofilms in natural and clinical environments on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. The bacterial aggregates embedded in biofilms are formed by their own produced extracellular matrix. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common pathogens of biofilm infections. The formation of biofilm can protect bacteria from being attacked by the host immune system and antibiotics and thus bacteria can be persistent against external challenges. Therefore, clinical treatments for biofilm infections are currently encountering difficulty. To address this critical challenge, a new and effective treatment method needs to be developed. A comprehensive understanding of bacterial biofilm formation and regulation mechanisms may provide meaningful insights against antibiotic resistance due to bacterial biofilms. In this review, we discuss an overview of S. aureus biofilms including the formation process, structural and functional properties of biofilm matrix, and the mechanism regulating biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xiaohua Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Wanyang Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (W.Y.)
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The issue beyond resistance: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation is induced by subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, and clindamycin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277287. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermis is one of the most frequent causes of device-associated infections due to biofilm formation. Current reports noted that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics induce biofilm production in some bacteria. Accordingly, we evaluated the effect of exposure of different subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin on the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration of antimicrobial agents were determined. MRSE isolates were selected, and their biofilm formation ability was evaluated. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin, antibiotics selected among common choices in the clinic, on MRSE biofilm formation was determined by the microtitre method. Besides, the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin on the expression of the biofilm-associated genes icaA and atlE was evaluated by Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MRSE strains showed a high level of resistance as follows: 80%, 53.3%, 33.3%, 33.3%, and 26.6%, for erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, clindamycin, and gentamicin, respectively. Besides, 73.3% of S. epidermidis strains were Multidrug-resistant (MDR). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were in the range of 0.5 to512 μg/mL and 1 to1024 μg/mL for cloxacillin, 0.125 to256 μg/mL and 1 to512 μg/mL for cefazolin, 0.125 to64 μg/mL and 4 to>1024 μg/mL for clindamycin, and 2 to32 μg/mL and 4 to32 μg/mL for vancomycin, respectively. The findings showed that subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, and clindamycin induce biofilm production in MRSE strains. In particular, the OD values of strains were in the range of 0.09–0.95, 0.05–0.86, and 0.06–1 toward cloxacillin, cefazolin, and clindamycin, respectively. On the other hand, exposure to subinhibitory vancomycin concentrations did not increase the biofilm formation in MRSE strains. The findings also demonstrated that sub-MIC of antibiotics up-regulated biofilm-associated genes. In particular, atlE and icaA were up-regulated 0.062 to 1.16 and 0.078 to 1.48 folds, respectively, for cloxacillin, 0.11 to 0.8, and 0.1 to 1.3 folds for cefazolin, 0.18 to 0.98, and 0.19 to 1.4 folds, respectively, for clindamycin. In contrast, the results showed that sub-MIC of vancomycin did not increase the biofilm-associated genes. These findings overall show that exposure to sub-MIC of traditional antibiotics can cause biofilm induction in MRSE, thereby increasing the survival and persistence on various surfaces that worsen the condition of comorbid infections.
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Biochemical and electrochemical characterization of biofilms formed on everolimus-eluting coronary stents. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 163:110156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Owusu E, Asane FW, Bediako-Bowan AA, Afutu E. Bacterial Contamination of Surgical Instruments Used at the Surgery Department of a Major Teaching Hospital in a Resource-Limited Country: An Observational Study. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040081. [PMID: 36278580 PMCID: PMC9589928 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical instruments, be they disposable or reusable, are essential in any surgical procedure. Reusable surgical instruments should be properly sterilized or disinfected before use. However, the protocols are not always followed accordingly. This results in sterilization and disinfection failures, leading to a possible increase in the incidence of surgical site infections. This observational study report on bacterial contaminants identified instruments used for surgical procedures in a major teaching hospital in a resource-limited country. In total, 207 pre-sterilized surgical instruments and instrument parts used at three units—the general surgical theater, and the gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and urology endoscopy (uro-endoscopy) units—within the surgical department were randomly sampled and examined for bacterial contamination. Bacteria isolates were identified, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Bacteria isolates that were identified included Citrobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus cereus was the most predominant bacteria isolated (30/61, 49.1%), and Staphylococcus hominis the least (1/61, 1.6%). In terms of the number of isolates from the three units examined, the uro-endoscopy unit recorded the highest followed by the general surgical theater and the GI endoscopy. However, there was no association between the various units and bacteria isolated, and no significant difference between the number of isolates among the various units (p = 0.9467, χ2 = 0.1095). In this study, even though CFU per device or device part counted was less than 20, bacteria isolated from the instruments used for a surgical procedure is of great concern considering that the setting of the study is a major teaching hospital. Multi-drug resistance was observed in almost all the isolated bacteria. Sterilization processes should be strictly adhered to, taking into consideration the length and temperature in order to reduce the risk of using contaminated instruments in these environments. It is therefore recommended that similar studies should be carried out in surgical departments at different levels of hospitals to ascertain the extent of this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid Owusu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 233, Ghana
- Correspondence: (E.O.); (E.A.); Tel.: +233-0508-917-569 (E.O.)
| | - Francis W. Asane
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 233, Ghana
| | - Antoinette A. Bediako-Bowan
- Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra 233, Ghana
- Department of Surgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra 233, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Afutu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 233, Ghana
- Correspondence: (E.O.); (E.A.); Tel.: +233-0508-917-569 (E.O.)
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Targeting hydrophobicity in biofilm-associated protein (Bap) as a novel antibiofilm strategy against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Biophys Chem 2022; 289:106860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Andronic L, Mamedov D, Cazan C, Popa M, Chifiriuc MC, Allaniyazov A, Palencsar S, Karazhanov SZ. Cerium oxide thin films: synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity and influence on microbial growth. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:865-875. [PMID: 36345787 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2144264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of surfaces to biofouling remains a significant advantage for optical devices working in natural conditions, increasing their lifetime and reducing maintenance costs. This paper reports on the functionalities of transparent CeO2 thin films with thicknesses between 25 and 600 nm deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate. The CeO2 photocatalytic performance exhibited an efficiency of 30% on imidacloprid degradation under 6 h of UV radiation and increased linearly with the irradiation time, suggesting a complete degradation within 48 h. The films did not alter the growth rate of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris after 72 h short-term exposure. The tested CeO2 films proved to efficiently inhibit with high efficiency the Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and planktonic growth (reducing the counts of bacterial cells by 2 to 8 logs), demonstrating the promising potential of these materials for obtaining antimicrobial and antibiofilm surfaces, with broad applications for the biomedical, ecological and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Andronic
- Product Design, Mechatronics and Environment Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Damir Mamedov
- Department for Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway
- Department of Materials Science, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Cristina Cazan
- Product Design, Mechatronics and Environment Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Simona Palencsar
- Department for Corrosion Technology, Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway
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Kaul L, Abdo AI, Coenye T, Krom BP, Hoogenkamp MA, Zannettino ACW, Süss R, Richter K. The combination of diethyldithiocarbamate and copper ions is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:999893. [PMID: 36160243 PMCID: PMC9500474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are associated with life-threatening infections. Despite the best medical care, these infections frequently occur due to antibiotic resistance and the formation of biofilms of these two bacteria (i.e., clusters of bacteria embedded in a matrix). As a consequence, there is an urgent need for effective anti-biofilm treatments. Here, we describe the antibacterial properties of a combination treatment of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and copper ions (Cu2+) and their low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The antibacterial activity of DDC and Cu2+ was assessed in vitro against both planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis using viability assays, microscopy, and attachment assays. Cytotoxicity of DDC and Cu2+ (DDC-Cu2+) was determined using a human fibroblast cell line. In vivo antimicrobial activity and toxicity were monitored in Galleria mellonella larvae. DDC-Cu2+ concentrations of 8 μg/ml DDC and 32 μg/ml Cu2+ resulted in over 80% MRSA and S. epidermidis biofilm killing, showed synergistic and additive effects in both planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, and synergized multiple antibiotics. DDC-Cu2+ inhibited MRSA and S. epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in the xCELLigence and Bioflux systems. In vitro and in vivo toxicity of DDC, Cu2+ and DDC-Cu2+ resulted in > 70% fibroblast viability and > 90% G. mellonella survival. Treatment with DDC-Cu2+ significantly increased the survival of infected larvae (87% survival of infected, treated larvae vs. 47% survival of infected, untreated larvae, p < 0.001). Therefore, DDC-Cu2+ is a promising new antimicrobial with activity against planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. epidermidis and S. aureus and low cytotoxicity in vitro. This gives us high confidence to progress to mammalian animal studies, testing the antimicrobial efficacy and safety of DDC-Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Kaul
- Richter Lab, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adrian I. Abdo
- Richter Lab, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bastiaan P. Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel A. Hoogenkamp
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrew C. W. Zannettino
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Regine Süss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Richter
- Richter Lab, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Katharina Richter,
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El-Deeb W, Cave R, Fayez M, Alhumam N, Quadri S, Mkrtchyan HV. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci Isolated from Goats and Their Farm Environments in Saudi Arabia Genotypically Linked to Known Human Clinical Isolates: a Pilot Study. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0038722. [PMID: 35913203 PMCID: PMC9431424 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00387-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a pilot whole genome sequencing (WGS) study to characterize the genotypes of nine methicillin resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolates recovered from goats and their farm environments in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, between November 2019 to August 2020. Seven out of nine isolates were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and two were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). All MRSA isolates possessed genotypes previously identified to infect humans, including isolates harboring ST6-SCCmec IV-t304 (n = 4), ST5-SCCmec VI- t688 (n = 2) and ST5-SCCmec V-t311 (n = 1). 2 MRSA isolates possessed plasmids that were genetically similar to those identified in S. aureus isolates recovered from humans and poultry. In contrast, plasmids found in three MRSA isolates and one MRSE isolate were genetically similar to those recovered from humans. All MRSA isolates harbored the host innate modulate genes sak and scn previously associated with human infections. The genotypes of MRSE isolates were determined as ST35, a well-known zoonotic sequence type and ST153, which has been associated with humans. However, the MRSE isolates were untypeable due to extra ccr complexes identified in their SCCmec elements. Moreover, we identified in ST153 isolate SCCmec element also harbored the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element (ACME) IV. All MRS isolates were phenotypically resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic for the decolonization of MRS. Three isolates carried antibiotic resistance genes in their SCCmec elements that were not previously described, including those encoding fusidic acid resistance (fusC) and trimethoprim resistance (dfrC) incorporated in the MRSA SCCmec VI. IMPORTANCE Our findings demonstrate a possible cross-transmission of methicillin resistant staphylococci between goats and their local environments and between goats and humans. Due to ever increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics, the burden of MRS has a significant impact on livestock farming, public health, and the economy worldwide. This study highlights that implementing a holistic approach to whole genome sequencing surveillance in livestock and farm environments would aid our understanding of the transmission of methicillin resistant staphylococci and, most importantly, allow us to implement appropriate infection control and hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rory Cave
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naser Alhumam
- Department of Microbiology and parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Quadri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermine V. Mkrtchyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
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Sionov RV, Banerjee S, Bogomolov S, Smoum R, Mechoulam R, Steinberg D. Targeting the Achilles’ Heel of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the Endocannabinoid Anandamide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147798. [PMID: 35887146 PMCID: PMC9319909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major health issue that requires new therapeutic approaches. Accumulating data suggest that it is possible to sensitize these bacteria to antibiotics by combining them with inhibitors targeting efflux pumps, the low-affinity penicillin-binding protein PBP2a, cell wall teichoic acid, or the cell division protein FtsZ. We have previously shown that the endocannabinoid Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine; AEA) could sensitize drug-resistant S. aureus to a variety of antibiotics, among others, through growth arrest and inhibition of drug efflux. Here, we looked at biochemical alterations caused by AEA. We observed that AEA increased the intracellular drug concentration of a fluorescent penicillin and augmented its binding to membrane proteins with concomitant altered membrane distribution of these proteins. AEA also prevented the secretion of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and reduced the cell wall teichoic acid content, both processes known to require transporter proteins. Notably, AEA was found to inhibit membrane ATPase activity that is necessary for transmembrane transport. AEA did not affect the membrane GTPase activity, and the GTPase cell division protein FtsZ formed the Z-ring of the divisome normally in the presence of AEA. Rather, AEA caused a reduction in murein hydrolase activities involved in daughter cell separation. Altogether, this study shows that AEA affects several biochemical processes that culminate in the sensitization of the drug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (S.B.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shreya Banerjee
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (S.B.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Sergei Bogomolov
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (S.B.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Reem Smoum
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (R.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (R.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (S.B.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
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Qian Y, Chug MK, Brisbois EJ. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Silicone Oil with Tunable Payload for Antibacterial Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3396-3404. [PMID: 35792809 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a hurdle to the application of medical devices, and in the United States alone, more than one million infection cases are reported annually from indwelling medical devices. Infections not only affect the function of medical devices but also risk the lives and health of patients. Nitric oxide (NO) has been used as an antibacterial therapy that kills bacteria without causing resistance and provides many therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammation, antithrombosis, and angiogenesis. Silicone oils have been widely utilized in manufacturing consumer goods, healthcare products, and medical products. Specifically, liquid silicone oils are used as a medical lubricant that creates lubricated interfaces between medical devices and the exterior physiological environment to improve the performance of medical devices. Herein, we report the first primary S-nitrosothiol-based NO-releasing silicone oil (RSNO-Si) that exhibits proactive antibacterial effects. S-nitrosothiol silicone oils (RSNO-Si) were synthesized and the NO payloads ranged from 34.0 to 603.9 μM. The increased NO payload induced higher-viscosity RSNO-Si oils, as RSNO0.1-Si, RSNO0.5-Si, and RSNO1-Si had viscosities of 12.8 ± 0.1 cP, 32.0 ± 0.2 cP, and 35.1 ± 0.3 cP, respectively. RSNO-Si-SR interfaces were fabricated by infusing silicone rubber (SR) in RSNO-Si oil, and the resulting RSNO-Si-SR disks demonstrated NO release without NO donor leaching. RSNO0.1-Si-SR, RSNO0.5-Si-SR, and RSNO1-Si-SR exhibited maximum NO flux at 0.8, 6.5, and 21.5 × 10 -10 mol cm-2 min-1 in 24 h, respectively. RSNO-Si-SR disks also demonstrated 97.45, 95.40, and 96.08% of inhibition against S. aureus in a 4 h bacterial adhesion assay. Considering the easy synthesis, simple fabrication of non-leaching NO-releasing interfaces, tunable payloads, NO flux levels, and antimicrobial effects, RSNO-Si oils exhibited their potential use as platform chemicals for creating antimicrobial medical device surfaces and other antibacterial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- School of Chemical, Materials, & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Manjyot Kaur Chug
- School of Chemical, Materials, & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials, & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Berry KA, Verhoef MTA, Leonard AC, Cox G. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:75-96. [PMID: 35705378 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathobiont capable of colonizing and infecting most tissues within the human body, resulting in a multitude of different clinical outcomes. Adhesion of S. aureus to the host is crucial for both host colonization and the establishment of infections. Underlying the pathogen's success is a complex and diverse arsenal of adhesins. In this review, we discuss the different classes of adhesins, including a consideration of the various adhesion sites throughout the body and the clinical outcomes of each infection type. The development of therapeutics targeting the S. aureus host-pathogen interaction is a relatively understudied area. Due to the increasing global threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial that innovative and alternative approaches are considered. Neutralizing virulence factors, through the development of antivirulence agents, could reduce bacterial pathogenicity and the ever-increasing burden of S. aureus infections. This review provides insight into potentially efficacious adhesion-associated targets for the development of novel decolonizing and antivirulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Berry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie T A Verhoef
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison C Leonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgina Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Rajan V, Sivaraman GK, Vijayan A, Elangovan R, Prendiville A, Bachmann TT. Genotypes and phenotypes of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from shrimp aquaculture farms. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:391-399. [PMID: 34344057 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The population of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci in aquatic environment is rarely investigated. Here, we characterized a collection of MR staphylococci recovered from shrimp aquaculture farms (n = 37) in Kerala, India. A total of 261 samples yielded 47 MR isolates (16 S. aureus, 13 S. haemolyticus, 11 S. epidermidis, 3 S. saprophytics and 2 each of S.intermedius and S. kloosii). Multi-drug resistance was evident in 72.3% of the isolates, with resistance mainly towards erythromycin (78.7%), norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (53.2%), and gentamicin (34%). Major resistance genes identified included mecA (100%), ermC (38.3%), aacA-aphD (21.3%), tetK (14.9%) and tetM (21.3%). Almost 60% of the isolates carried type V SCCmec (Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec), and the remaining harboured untypeable SCCmec elements. Comprehensive genotyping of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates revealed high prevalence of ST772-t345-V (sequence type-spa type-SCCmec type) (75%), followed by minor representations of ST6657-t345-V and ST3190-t12353. The isolates of S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis were genotypically diverse as shown by their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. Genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins were observed in 53.2% of the isolates. Various genes involved in adhesion and biofilm formation were also identified. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that shrimp aquaculture settings can act as reservoirs of methicillin-resistant staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth Rajan
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Gopalan Krishnan Sivaraman
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Ardhra Vijayan
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Ravikrishnan Elangovan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Alison Prendiville
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Till T Bachmann
- London College of Communication, University of the Arts London, London, UK
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Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115958. [PMID: 35682632 PMCID: PMC9180976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of indwelling medical devices has constantly increased in recent years and has revolutionized the quality of life of patients affected by different diseases. However, despite the improvement of hygiene conditions in hospitals, implant-associated infections remain a common and serious complication in prosthetic surgery, mainly in the orthopedic field, where infection often leads to implant failure. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of biomaterial-centered infection. Upon binding to the medical devices, these bacteria proliferate and develop dense communities encased in a protective matrix called biofilm. Biofilm formation has been proposed as occurring in several stages-(1) attachment; (2) proliferation; (3) dispersal-and involves a variety of host and staphylococcal proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous factors. Moreover, biofilm formation is strictly regulated by several control systems. Biofilms enable staphylococci to avoid antimicrobial activity and host immune response and are a source of persistent bacteremia as well as of localized tissue destruction. While considerable information is available on staphylococcal biofilm formation on medical implants and important results have been achieved on the treatment of biofilms, preclinical and clinical applications need to be further investigated. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current studies about the mechanism of infection of indwelling medical devices by S. aureus with a special focus on the biochemical factors involved in biofilm formation and regulation. We also provide a summary of the current therapeutic strategies to combat biomaterial-associated infections and highlight the need to further explore biofilm physiology and conduct research for innovative anti-biofilm approaches.
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Synthesis of indole-based oxadiazoles and their interaction with bacterial peptidoglycan and SARS-CoV-2 main protease: In vitro, molecular docking and in silico ADME/Tox study. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8993490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, Indole-based-oxadiazole (1A-17A) compounds were successfully synthesized. The structures of all synthesized compounds were fully characterized by different sophisticated spectroscopic techniques such 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HREI-MS. Further, the synthesized compounds were explored to investigate their broad-spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The compounds possessed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity having MIC values of values 1–8 mg/ml against the tested microorganisms. Compound A6 and A7 shows maximum antibacterial activity against MDR-PA, whereas A6, A7 and A11 shows highest activity against MRSA. Furthermore, antibiofilm assay shows that A6, A7 and A11 showed maximum inhibition of biofilm formation and it was found that at 4 mg/ml; A6, A7 and A11 inhibit MRSA biofilm formation by 81.1, 77.5 and 75.9%, respectively; whereas in case of P. aeruginosa; A6 and A7 showed maximum biofilm inhibition and inhibit biofilm formation by 81.5 and 73.7%, respectively. Molecular docking study showed that compounds A6, A7, A8, A10, and A11 had high binding affinity to bacterial peptidoglycan, indicating their potential inhibitory activity against tested bacteria, whereas A6 and A11 were found to be the most effective inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro), with a binding affinity of − 7.78 kcal/mol. Furthermore, SwissADME and pkCSM-pharmacokinetics online tools was applied to calculate the ADME/Tox profile of the synthesized compounds and the toxicity of these chemicals was found to be low. The Lipinski, Veber, Ghose, and Consensus LogP criteria were also used to predict drug-likeness levels of the compounds. Our findings imply that the synthesized compounds could be a useful for the preventing and treating biofilm-related microbial infection as well as SARS-CoV2 infections.
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Bartolo M, Zucchella C, Aabid H, Valoriani B, Copetti M, Fontana A, Intiso D, Mancuso M. Impact of healthcare-associated infections on functional outcome of severe acquired brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5245. [PMID: 35347197 PMCID: PMC8960831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe healthcare-associated infections in inpatient neuro-rehabilitation and their impact on functional outcome, a multicenter observational study with severe acquired brain injury (sABI) patients was performed. Patients were divided into infected (INF-group) or not infected (noINF-group) and assessed at admission and discharge, by means of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale (LCF), the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and the modified Barthel Index (mBI). One hundred-nineteen patients were included in the INF-group, and 109 in the noINF-group. Culture specimens were found positive for bloodstream (43.8%), respiratory tract (25.7%), urinary tract (16.2%), gastro-intestinal system (8.6%) and skin (2.4%) infections. Multiple microorganisms were the most frequent (58.1%) and 55.5% of patients needed functional isolation due to multidrug resistant germs. The functional status of both groups improved after rehabilitation, but multivariable analyses showed that the INF-group showed a significantly lower gain to GCS (p = 0.008), DRS (p = 0.020) and mBI (p = 0.021) compared to the noINF-group. Length of stay (LOS) and number of skipped rehabilitative sessions were not statistically different between the groups; mortality rate was significantly higher in the INF-group (p = 0.04). Infected sABI patients showed longer LOS, significant increased mortality, and a lower functional outcome than not infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Bartolo
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Rehabilitation, HABILITA Zingonia, Via Bologna 1, 24040, Zingonia/Ciserano, BG, Italy.
| | | | - Hend Aabid
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Rehabilitation, HABILITA Zingonia, Via Bologna 1, 24040, Zingonia/Ciserano, BG, Italy
| | - Beatrice Valoriani
- Medicine Unit, Ospedali Riuniti della Valdichiana, Nottola Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Domenico Intiso
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation and Rehabilitation Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Mauro Mancuso
- Medicine Unit, Ospedali Riuniti della Valdichiana, Nottola Hospital, Siena, Italy.,Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine Unit, NHS-USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
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Gambino E, Maione A, Guida M, Albarano L, Carraturo F, Galdiero E, Di Onofrio V. Evaluation of the Pathogenic-Mixed Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa/ Staphylococcus aureus and Treatment with Limonene on Three Different Materials by a Dynamic Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063741. [PMID: 35329426 PMCID: PMC8955688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Biofilms have been found growing on implantable medical devices. This can lead to persistent clinical infections. The highly antibiotic-resistant property of biofilms necessitates the search for both potent antimicrobial agents and novel antibiofilm strategies. Natural product-based anti-biofilm agents were found to be as efficient as chemically synthesized counterparts with fewer side effects. In the present study, the effects of limonene as an antibiofilm agent were evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formed on different surfaces using the CDC model system in continuous flow. The flgK gene and the pilA gene expression in P. aeruginosa, and the icaA gene and eno gene in S. aureus, which could be considered as efficient resistance markers, were studied. Methods: Mono- and dual-species biofilms were grown on polycarbonate, polypropylene, and stainless-steel coupons in a CDC biofilm reactor (Biosurface Technologies, Bozeman, MT, USA). To evaluate the ability of limonene to inhibit and eradicate biofilm, a sub-MIC concentration (10 mL/L) was tested. The gene expression of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was detected by SYBR Green quantitative Real-Time PCR assay (Meridiana Bioline, Brisbane, Australia). Results: The limonene added during the formation of biofilms at sub-MIC concentrations works very well in inhibiting biofilms on all three materials, reducing their growth by about 2 logs. Of the same order of magnitude is the ability of limonene to eradicate both mono- and polymicrobial mature biofilms on all three materials. Greater efficacy was observed in the polymicrobial biofilm on steel coupons. The expression of some genes related to the virulence of the two microorganisms was differently detected in mono- and polymicrobial biofilm. Conclusions: These data showed that the limonene treatment expressed different levels of biofilm-forming genes, especially when both types of strains alone and together grew on different surfaces. Our findings showed that limonene treatment is also very efficient when biofilm has been grown under shear stress causing significant and irreversible damage to the biofilm structure. The effectiveness of the sanitation procedures can be optimized by applying antimicrobial combinations with natural compounds (e.g., limonene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvige Gambino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Luisa Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679182
| | - Valeria Di Onofrio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80143 Naples, Italy;
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The Association between icaA and icaB Genes, Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococci spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030389. [PMID: 35326851 PMCID: PMC8944761 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty-six (66) Staphylococcus bacterial isolates were withdrawn from separate clinical samples of hospitalized patients with various clinical infections. Conventional bacteriological tests identified the species of all isolates, and standard microbiological techniques differentiated them into CoPS or CoNS. Their biofilm development was followed by an analysis via the MTP (microtiter tissue culture plates) technique, and we then investigated the presence/absence of icaA and icaB, which were qualified in the top-30 potent biofilm-forming isolates. Thirteen isolates (46.7%) showed the presence of one gene, six (20%) isolates exhibited the two genes, while ten (33.3%) had neither of them. The formation of staphylococci biofilms in the absence of ica genes may be related to the presence of other biofilm formation ica-independent mechanisms. CoPS was the most abundant species among the total population. S. aureus was the sole representative of CoPS, while S. epidermidis was the most abundant form of CoNS. Antibiotic resistance was developing against the most frequently used antimicrobial drugs, while vancomycin was the least-resisted drug. The totality of the strong and medium-strength film-forming isolates represented the majority proportion (80%) of the total investigated clinical samples. The biochemical pattern CoPS is associated with antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation and can be an alarming indicator of potential antibiotic resistance.
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Singh A, Amod A, Pandey P, Bose P, Pingali MS, Shivalkar S, Varadwaj P, Sahoo A, Samanta S. Bacterial biofilm infections, their resistance to antibiotics therapy and current treatment strategies. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35105823 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac50f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In addition, biofilms are also known to cause serious problems in food industry. Biofilm impart enhanced antibiotic resistance and become recalcitrant to host immune responses leading to persistent and recurrent infections. It makes the clinical treatment for biofilm infections very difficult. Reduced penetration of antibiotic molecules through EPS, mutation of the target site, accumulation of antibiotic degrading enzymes, enhanced expression of efflux pump genes are the probable causes for antibiotics resistance. Accordingly, strategies like administration of topical antibiotics and combined therapy of antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides are considered for alternate options to overcome the antibiotics resistance. A number of other remediation strategies for both biofilm inhibition and dispersion of established biofilm have been developed. The metallic nanoparticles and their oxides have recently gained a tremendous thrust as antibiofilm therapy for their unique features. This present comprehensive review gives the understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms of biofilm and provides an overview of various currently available biofilm remediation strategies, focusing primarily on the applications of metallic nanoparticles and their oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Singh
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Ayush Amod
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | | | - Pranay Bose
- KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751024, INDIA
| | - M Shivapriya Pingali
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Saurabh Shivalkar
- Applied Sciences, IIIT Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, 211012, INDIA
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Amaresh Sahoo
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Sintu Samanta
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
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Staphylococcus aureus-A Known Opponent against Host Defense Mechanisms and Vaccine Development-Do We Still Have a Chance to Win? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020948. [PMID: 35055134 PMCID: PMC8781139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this review is to present justification for the urgent need to implement specific prophylaxis of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections. We emphasize the difficulties in achieving this goal due to numerous S. aureus virulence factors important for the process of infection and the remarkable ability of these bacteria to avoid host defense mechanisms. We precede these considerations with a brief overview of the global necessitiy to intensify the use of vaccines against other pathogens as well, particularly in light of an impasse in antibiotic therapy. Finally, we point out global trends in research into modern technologies used in the field of molecular microbiology to develop new vaccines. We focus on the vaccines designed to fight the infections caused by S. aureus, which are often resistant to the majority of available therapeutic options.
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