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Karnachuk OV, Beletsky AV, Rakitin AL, Ikkert OP, Avakyan MR, Zyusman VS, Napilov A, Mardanov AV, Ravin NV. Antibiotic-Resistant Desulfovibrio Produces H2S from Supplements for Animal Farming. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040838. [PMID: 37110261 PMCID: PMC10146906 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulphate-reducing bacteria, primarily Desulfovibrio, are responsible for the active generation of H2S in swine production waste. The model species for sulphate reduction studies, Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain L2, was previously isolated from swine manure characterized by high rates of dissimilatory sulphate reduction. The source of electron acceptors in low-sulphate swine waste for the high rate of H2S formation remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate the ability of the L2 strain to use common animal farming supplements including L-lysine-sulphate, gypsum and gypsum plasterboards as electron acceptors for H2S production. Genome sequencing of strain L2 revealed the presence of two megaplasmids and predicted resistance to various antimicrobials and mercury, which was confirmed in physiological experiments. Most of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) are carried by two class 1 integrons located on the chromosome and on the plasmid pDsulf-L2-2. These ARGs, predicted to confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, sulphonamides, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, were probably laterally acquired from various Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. Resistance to mercury is likely enabled by two mer operons also located on the chromosome and on pDsulf-L2-2 and acquired via horizontal gene transfer. The second megaplasmid, pDsulf-L2-1, encoded nitrogenase, catalase and type III secretion system suggesting close contact of the strain with intestinal cells in the swine gut. The location of ARGs on mobile elements allows us to consider D. vulgaris strain L2 as a possible vector transferring antimicrobials resistance determinants between the gut microbiote and microbial communities in environmental biotopes.
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Ali M, Gu T, Yu X, Bashir A, Wang Z, Sun X, Ashraf NM, Li L. Identification of the Genes of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae MB03 Required for the Nematicidal Activity Against Caenorhabditis elegans Through an Integrated Approach. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826962. [PMID: 35356513 PMCID: PMC8959697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematicidal potential of the common plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae has been recently identified against Caenorhabditis elegans. The current study was designed to investigate the detailed genetic mechanism of the bacterial pathogenicity by applying comparative genomics, transcriptomics, mutant library screening, and protein expression. Results showed that P. syringae strain MB03 could kill C. elegans in the liquid assay by gut colonization. The genome of P. syringae MB03 was sequenced and comparative analysis including multi locus sequence typing, and genome-to-genome distance placed MB03 in phylogroup II of P. syringae. Furthermore, comparative genomics of MB03 with nematicidal strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1 and PA14) predicted 115 potential virulence factors in MB03. However, genes for previously reported nematicidal metabolites, such as phenazine, pyochelin, and pyrrolnitrin, were found absent in the MB03 genome. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the growth phase of the pathogen considerably affected the expression of virulence factors, as genes for the flagellum, glutamate ABC transporter, phoP/phoQ, fleS/fleR, type VI secretion system, and serralysin were highly up-regulated when stationary phase MB03 cells interacted with C. elegans. Additionally, screening of a transposon insertion mutant library led to the identification of other nematicidal genes such as acnA, gltP, oprD, and zapE. Finally, the nematicidal activity of selected proteins was confirmed by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Tong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anum Bashir
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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Woznica A, Kumar A, Sturge CR, Xing C, King N, Pfeiffer JK. STING mediates immune responses in the closest living relatives of animals. eLife 2021; 10:70436. [PMID: 34730512 PMCID: PMC8592570 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals have evolved unique repertoires of innate immune genes and pathways that provide their first line of defense against pathogens. To reconstruct the ancestry of animal innate immunity, we have developed the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis, one of the closest living relatives of animals, as a model for studying mechanisms underlying pathogen recognition and immune response. We found that M. brevicollis is killed by exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Moreover, M. brevicollis expresses STING, which, in animals, activates innate immune pathways in response to cyclic dinucleotides during pathogen sensing. M. brevicollis STING increases the susceptibility of M. brevicollis to P. aeruginosa-induced cell death and is required for responding to the cyclic dinucleotide 2'3' cGAMP. Furthermore, similar to animals, autophagic signaling in M. brevicollis is induced by 2'3' cGAMP in a STING-dependent manner. This study provides evidence for a pre-animal role for STING in antibacterial immunity and establishes M. brevicollis as a model system for the study of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Woznica
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- McDermott Center Bioinformatics Lab, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Carolyn R Sturge
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center Bioinformatics Lab, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Nicole King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Julie K Pfeiffer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Bashir A, Sun Y, Yu X, Sun X, Li L. Nematicidal effects of 2-methyl-aconitate isomerase from the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae MB03 on the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 185:107669. [PMID: 34560108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of a common phytopathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, against animal model hosts, such as mice and Caenorhabditis elegans, has been recently revealed. However, most of the virulence determinants associated with pathogenesis remain elusive. In the current study, we performed predictive analysis of virulence factors against C. elegans in the genome of the wild-type P. syringae strain MB03. Nine predicted nematicidal proteins were expressed and purified in recombinant Escherichia coli strains and were evaluated to define their toxicity against C. elegans in liquid killing assays. Next, we focused on one essential 2-methyl citrate cycle protein, PrpF03, which showed the highest lethal activity against C. elegans compared to the other tested proteins with a half lethal concentration (LC50) of 155.3 (123.4-176.6) µg mL-1 and a half lethal time (LT50) of 3.72 (1.64-4.85) days. Purified PrpF03 also caused adverse effects on the brood size, growth, and motility of C. elegans. Moreover, the PrpF03 protein exhibited pathological activity towards the intestinal tract of C. elegans. We surmise that the PrpF03 protein functions as a virulence factor when it blocks the average circulation of the 2-methyl citrate cycle of C. elegans by accumulating 2-methyl citrate in the gut of C. elegans, which damages and restrains the growth of intestinal tissues that ultimately kill C. elegans. The discovery of specific nematicidal activities of PrpF03 provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of phytopathogenic P. syringae against nematodes and could aid in developing nematode pest-controlling agents in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Bashir
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Kim JS, Yoon SJ, Park YJ, Kim SY, Ryu CM. Crossing the kingdom border: Human diseases caused by plant pathogens. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2485-2495. [PMID: 32307848 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between pathogenic microorganisms and their hosts are varied and complex, encompassing open-field scale interactions to interactions at the molecular level. The capacity of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi to cause diseases in human and animal systems was, until recently, considered of minor importance. However, recent evidence suggests that animal and human infections caused by plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses may have critical impacts on human and animal health and safety. This review analyses previous research on plant pathogens as causal factors of animal illness. In addition, a case study involving disruption of type III effector-mediated phagocytosis in a human cell line upon infection with an opportunistic phytopathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, is discussed. Further knowledge regarding the molecular interactions between plant pathogens and human and animal hosts is needed to understand the extent of disease incidence and determine mechanisms for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Seob Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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Bacterial type III effector protein HopQ inhibits melanoma motility through autophagic degradation of vimentin. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:231. [PMID: 32286254 PMCID: PMC7156461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a fatal disease that rapidly spreads to the whole body. Treatments have limited efficiency owing to drug resistance and various side effects. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) is a model bacterial pathogen capable of systemic infection in plants. Pto injects the effector protein HopQ into the plant cytosol via a type III secretion machinery and suppresses the host immunity. Intriguingly, host plant proteins regulated by HopQ are conserved even in humans and conferred in tumor metastasis. Nevertheless, the potential for HopQ to regulate human cancer metastasis was unknown. In this study, we addressed the suitability of HopQ as a possible drug against melanoma metastasis. In melanoma cells, overexpressed HopQ is phosphorylated and bound to 14-3-3 through its N-terminal domain, resulting in stronger interaction between HopQ and vimentin. The binding of HopQ to vimentin allowed for degradation of vimentin via p62-dependent selective autophagy. Attenuation of vimentin expression by HopQ inhibited melanoma motility and in vivo metastasis. These findings demonstrated that HopQ directly degraded vimentin in melanoma cells and could be applied to an inhibitor of melanoma metastasis.
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Yoon SJ, Jo DH, Park SH, Park JY, Lee YK, Lee MS, Min JK, Jung H, Kim TD, Yoon SR, Chung SW, Kim JH, Choi I, Park YJ. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Promotes Phagosomal Acidification Upon Exposure to Escherichia coli Through Inflammasome-Mediated Caspase-1 Activation in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2636. [PMID: 31781121 PMCID: PMC6861186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In host defense, it is crucial to maintain the acidity of the macrophage phagosome for effective bacterial clearance. However, the mechanisms governing phagosomal acidification upon exposure to gram-negative bacteria have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that in macrophages exposed to Escherichia coli, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-associated inflammasome plays a role in pH modulation through the activated caspase-1-mediated inhibition of NADPH oxidase. While there was no difference in early-phase bacterial engulfment between Txnip knockout (KO) macrophages and wild-type (WT) macrophages, Txnip KO macrophages were less efficient at destroying intracellular bacteria in the late phase, and their phagosomes failed to undergo appropriate acidification. These phenomena were associated with reactive oxygen species production and were reversed by treatment with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor or a caspase inhibitor. In line with these results, Txnip KO mice were more susceptible to both intraperitoneally administered E. coli and sepsis induced by cecum ligation and puncture than WT mice. Taken together, this study suggests that the TXNIP-associated inflammasome-caspase-1 axis regulates NADPH oxidase to modulate the pH of the phagosome, controlling bacterial clearance by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyung Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea
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