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Motallebirad T, Tashakor A, Abniki R, Azadi D. Fifteen years of phenotypic and genotypic surveillance and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes (Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, etc.) in clinical and environmental samples of Iran. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116080. [PMID: 37862765 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycetes, ubiquitous in the natural world, have been known to inflict infections upon both immunocompromised and healthy individuals. Interestingly enough, these species are oftentimes found residing within the microbiota of humans and animals alike. Unfortunately, these infections are frequently misdiagnosed as more sinister ailments such as malignancy or tuberculosis. Due to this issue, this review deals with 15 years of study on clinical and environmental samples to determine Actinomycetes' prevalence, isolation, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Iran by Davood Azadi et al. According to the Davood Azadi framework, we searched the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, and Google Scholar in the period from 2007 to 2023. This review aimed to provide an overview of the most recent techniques for collecting environmental samples, cultivating them, and identifying the Actinomycetes group's members. The isolation of Actinomycetes from clinical and ecological sources is becoming more prevalent and should be a concern for health authorities in developing countries. Health centers should take action to increase awareness of diagnostic criteria and management guidelines for actinomycete diseases. Improvements in national and regional reference laboratories may also aid in accurately diagnosing these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Motallebirad
- Department of Research and Development, Satras Biotechnology Company, Islamic Azad University of Khomein, Khomein, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Tashakor
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Abniki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Department of Research and Development, Satras Biotechnology Company, Islamic Azad University of Khomein, Khomein, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Athamneh RY, Abudalo R, Sallam M, Alqudah A, Alquran H, Amawi KF, Abu-Harirah HA. Sub-genotypes of hepatitis C virus in the Middle East and North Africa: Patterns of distribution and temporal changes. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 109:105412. [PMID: 36791585 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a considerable public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The objectives of this study were to analyze the HCV genotype (GT) and sub-genotype (SGT) distribution in the MENA region and to assess the temporal change in the number of sequences within the MENA region. All HCV molecular sequences collected in the MENA region had been retrieved from GenBank as of 1 August 2022. The number of HCV sequences retrieved was 6740 representing sequences from a total of 17 MENA countries with a majority from Iran (n = 1969, 29.2%), Egypt (n = 1591, 23.6%), Tunisia (n = 1305, 19.4%) and Saudi Arabia (n = 1085, 16.1%). The determination of GT/SGT was based on the NCBI genotyping and Blast tool. Genotype 1 (GT1) dominated infections in the MENA (n = 2777, 41.2%), followed by GT4 (n = 2566, 39.0%). Additionally, SGT4a (1515/6393, 23.7%) was the most common SGT in the MENA, and SGT4a was dominant in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, followed by SGT1b (n = 1308, 20.5%), which was dominant in Morocco and Tunisia, while SGT1a (n = 1275, 19.9%) was common in Iran, Iraq and Palestine. Furthermore, significant temporal increase in the number of HCV MENA sequences was observed. On the SGT level, specific patterns of HCV genetic diversity were seen in the MENA region, with the most common SGT being 4a, in addition to increasing the availability of HCV sequences in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa Y Athamneh
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Rawan Abudalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hasan Alquran
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Kawther Faisal Amawi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hashem A Abu-Harirah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Habibzadeh F, Roozbehi H. No need for a gold-standard test: on the mining of diagnostic test performance indices merely based on the distribution of the test value. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36717791 PMCID: PMC9885658 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic tests are important in clinical medicine. To determine the test performance indices - test sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, predictive values, etc. - the test results should be compared against a gold-standard test. Herein, a technique is presented through which the aforementioned indices can be computed merely based on the shape of the probability distribution of the test results, presuming an educated guess. METHODS We present the application of the technique to the probability distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen measured in a group of people in Shiraz, southern Iran. We assumed that the distribution had two latent subpopulations - one for those without the disease, and another for those with the disease. We used a nonlinear curve fitting technique to figure out the parameters of these two latent populations based on which we calculated the performance indices. RESULTS The model could explain > 99% of the variance observed. The results were in good agreement with those obtained from other studies. CONCLUSION We concluded that if we have an appropriate educated guess about the distributions of test results in the population with and without the disease, we may harvest the test performance indices merely based on the probability distribution of the test value without need for a gold standard. The method is particularly suitable for conditions where there is no gold standard or the gold standard is not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Habibzadeh
- Global Virus Network, Middle East Region, Shiraz, Iran ,R&D Department, PIHO, Shiraz, Iran
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Qasemi A, Rahimi F, Katouli M. Clonal groups of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and biofilm producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Iran. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 116:485-497. [PMID: 34904540 PMCID: PMC9639551 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.2011578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity of a bacterium is affected by the social characteristics of the population and environmental factors. The ability of biofilm formation among β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) could facilitate the exchange of antibiotic-resistance genes, which resulted in widespread dissemination of antibacterial drug resistance. We investigated the prevalence of biofilm and β-lactamase producing UPECs among patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) in two cities with different demographics and climates in Iran. A total of 265 E. coli was isolated from patients with UTIs from two referral hospitals (n = 191) and two outpatient clinics (n = 74) in Isfahan and Zahedan, Iran. Production of curli and cellulose, and, biofilm formation was investigated using Congo red agar and microtiter plate methods, respectively. Biofilm producing (BFP) isolates (n = 107) were further characterized using rep-PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC phenotypic production. Isolates were also screened for the presence of carbapenemase, ESBL and AmpC genes using multiplex PCR. High diversity was found among BFP strains in both cities, with 58% strains producing ESBL and 21% producing AmpC. ESBL (98%), AmpC (50%) and carbapenemase genes (40%) were identified in BFP strains with ESBL-positive phenotype, respectively. The prevalence of BFP strains, antibiotic resistance and β-lactamase genes in Zahedan, a low socioeconomic city with a warm climate, was significantly higher than that of Isfahan. High prevalence of biofilm and β-lactamase producing UPEC strains among strains from Zahedan suggests that socioeconomic status and environmental factors might have a role in pathogenicity of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Qasemi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fateh Rahimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,CONTACT Fateh Rahimi ; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezarjarib St., Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Katouli
- Genecology Research Center and School of Science, Technology and Education,University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Safarpour AR, Fattahi MR, Niknam R, Tarkesh F, Mohammadkarimi V, Boogar SS, Abbasi E, Abtahi F, Sivandzadeh GR, Ejtehadi F, Afshar M, Shamsnia SA, Niknejad N. Alarm of non-communicable disease in Iran: Kavar cohort profile, baseline and 18-month follow up results from a prospective population-based study in urban area. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260227. [PMID: 35085244 PMCID: PMC8794109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The PERSIAN Kavar cohort study (PKCS) aims to investigate the prevalence, trends, and relevant prognostic risk factors of non-communicable diseases in participants aged 35-70 years living in the urban area of Kavar County. Kavar County is located at the center of Fars province in the southwest of Iran. Overall, 5236 adults aged 35-70 years old were invited to participate in the PKCS. From whom, 4997 people comprising 2419 men and 2578 women met the inclusion criteria and were recruited in the study (participation rate: 95.4%). This study is aimed to follow participants for at least 10 years; it is designed to perform all procedures similar to the primary phase including biological sampling, laboratory tests, physical examinations, and collecting general, nutritional, and medical data at the 5th and 10th years of follow-up. In addition, participants are annually followed-up by phone to acquire data on the history of hospitalization, any major diagnosis or death. At the enrollment phase, trained interviewers were responsible for obtaining general, nutritional, and medical data utilizing a 482-item questionnaire. The results of the baseline phase of this study show that the overweight category was the most prevalent BMI category among the registered participants (n = 2005, 40.14%). Also, almost one-third of Kavar adult population suffered from metabolic syndrome at the baseline phase (n = 1664, 33.30%). The rate of eighteen-month follow-up response was 100% in the PKCS. Hypertension (n = 116, 2.32%), cardiovascular outcomes (n = 33, 0.66%), and diabetes (n = 32, 0.64%) were the most prevalent new-onset NCDs during eighteen months of follow-up in the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Niknam
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Tarkesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadkarimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Sadeghi Boogar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Abbasi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Abtahi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Fardad Ejtehadi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afshar
- Kavar Health System Network, Kavar County, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Shamsnia
- Kavar Health System Network, Kavar County, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasim Niknejad
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Khalsa JH, Mathur P. Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Persons Who Inject Drugs in the Middle East and North Africa: Intervention Strategies. Viruses 2021; 13:1363. [PMID: 34372569 PMCID: PMC8310161 DOI: 10.3390/v13071363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C viral infection in persons with or without substance use disorders (SUDs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, but only a small number receive comprehensive care. Highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications are available at substantially lower costs; however, complete elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can only be achieved if integrated care strategies target those at highest risk for HCV infection and transmission and improve access to care. Due to the high prevalence of SUD in the MENA region, strategies to eliminate HCV must focus on integrated healthcare across multiple subspecialties, including addiction medicine, psychiatry, infectious diseases, hepatology, and social work. In this invited manuscript, we review the epidemiology of HCV in the MENA region and highlight intervention strategies to attain the WHO's goal of HCV eradication by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jag H. Khalsa
- Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse and Infections Branch, Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Poonam Mathur
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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Soltan-Alinejad P, Soltani A. Vector-borne diseases and tourism in Iran: Current issues and recommendations. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 43:102108. [PMID: 34111565 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Iran is one of the largest countries in the Middle East with lots of historical and natural attractions. This country has always been considered to be one of the most important tourist destinations in the world. Several important vector-borne diseases have been reported from different parts of the country. Thus, having comprehensive and adequate knowledge about the main vector-borne diseases in Iran and their high-risk areas are really important. In this review, different provinces of Iran have been studied in terms of arthropod-borne diseases reported in the last decades. Reports indicated that some vector-borne diseases such as Leishmaniasis and CCHF had the highest incidence rate and they need serious attention. However, some diseases reported from Iran are not endemic, and all cases were imported such as Dengue fever. A group of arthropod-borne diseases was reported only from animals, and the health of travelers is not threatened such as Eyeworm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Soltan-Alinejad
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Aboozar Soltani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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8
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Aaseth J, Chirumbolo S. Thymosin β4: A Multi-Faceted Tissue Repair Stimulating Protein in Heart Injury. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6294-6305. [PMID: 31333080 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190716125456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) is known as a major pleiotropic actin-sequestering protein that is involved in tumorigenesis. Tβ4 is a water-soluble protein that has different promising clinical applications in the remodeling and ulcerated tissues repair following myocardial infarction, stroke, plasticity and neurovascular remodeling of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Central Nervous System (CNS). On the other hand, similar effects have been observed for Tβ4 in other kinds of tissues, including cardiac muscle tissue. In recent reports, as it activates resident epicardial progenitor cells and modulates inflammatory-caused injuries, Tβ4 has been suggested as a promoter of the survival of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Tβ4 may act in skeletal muscle and different organs in association/synergism with numerous other tissue repair stimulating factors, including melatonin and C-fiber-derived peptides. For these reasons, the present review highlights the promising role of Tβ4 in cardiac healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway,Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences,
University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Salmani A, Shakerimoghaddam A, Pirouzi A, Delkhosh Y, Eshraghi M. Correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Acinetobacter baumannii MDR isolates retrieved from burn patients. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Pourghasemi HR, Pouyan S, Heidari B, Farajzadeh Z, Fallah Shamsi SR, Babaei S, Khosravi R, Etemadi M, Ghanbarian G, Farhadi A, Safaeian R, Heidari Z, Tarazkar MH, Tiefenbacher JP, Azmi A, Sadeghian F. Spatial modeling, risk mapping, change detection, and outbreak trend analysis of coronavirus (COVID-19) in Iran (days between February 19 and June 14, 2020). Int J Infect Dis 2020; 98:90-108. [PMID: 32574693 PMCID: PMC7305907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a major pandemic threat that has spread to more than 212 countries with more than 432,902 recorded deaths and 7,898,442 confirmed cases worldwide so far (on June 14, 2020). It is crucial to investigate the spatial drivers to prevent and control the epidemic of COVID-19. METHODS This is the first comprehensive study of COVID-19 in Iran; and it carries out spatial modeling, risk mapping, change detection, and outbreak trend analysis of the disease spread. Four main steps were taken: comparison of Iranian coronavirus data with the global trends, prediction of mortality trends using regression modeling, spatial modeling, risk mapping, and change detection using the random forest (RF) machine learning technique (MLT), and validation of the modeled risk map. RESULTS The results show that from February 19 to June 14, 2020, the average growth rates (GR) of COVID-19 deaths and the total number of COVID-19 cases in Iran were 1.08 and 1.10, respectively. Based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) data, Iran's fatality rate (deaths/0.1M pop) is 10.53. Other countries' fatality rates were, for comparison, Belgium - 83.32, UK - 61.39, Spain - 58.04, Italy - 56.73, Sweden - 48.28, France - 45.04, USA - 35.52, Canada - 21.49, Brazil - 20.10, Peru - 19.70, Chile - 16.20, Mexico- 12.80, and Germany - 10.58. The fatality rate for China is 0.32 (deaths/0.1M pop). Over time, the heatmap of the infected areas identified two critical time intervals for the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. The provinces were classified in terms of disease and death rates into a large primary group and three provinces that had critical outbreaks were separate from the others. The heatmap of countries of the world shows that China and Italy were distinguished from other countries in terms of nine viral infection-related parameters. The regression models for death cases showed an increasing trend but with some evidence of turning. A polynomial relationship was identified between the coronavirus infection rate and the province population density. Also, a third-degree polynomial regression model for deaths showed an increasing trend recently, indicating that subsequent measures taken to cope with the outbreak have been insufficient and ineffective. The general trend of deaths in Iran is similar to the world's, but Iran's shows lower volatility. Change detection of COVID-19 risk maps with a random forest model for the period from March 11 to March 18 showed an increasing trend of COVID-19 in Iran's provinces. It is worth noting that using the LASSO MLT to evaluate variables' importance, indicated that the most important variables were the distance from bus stations, bakeries, hospitals, mosques, ATMs (automated teller machines), banks, and the minimum temperature of the coldest month. CONCLUSIONS We believe that this study's risk maps are the primary, fundamental step to take for managing and controlling COVID-19 in Iran and its provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Pourghasemi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Soheila Pouyan
- Research Assistant, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bahram Heidari
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, 7144165186, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zakariya Farajzadeh
- Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Rashid Fallah Shamsi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Babaei
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Khosravi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Etemadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Gholamabbas Ghanbarian
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Farhadi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Roja Safaeian
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medicinal Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - John P Tiefenbacher
- Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States.
| | - Amir Azmi
- D.D.S, Msc in Dental Laser, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sadeghian
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Kiani B, Raouf Rahmati A, Bergquist R, Moghaddas E. Comparing spatio-temporal distribution of the most common human parasitic infections in Iran over two periods 2007 to 2012 and 2013 to 2018: A systematic quantitative literature review. Int J Health Plann Manage 2020; 35:1023-1040. [PMID: 32567736 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyses the spatio-temporal trend of the prevalence of the four most prevalent parasitic diseases in Iran over two periods, 2007 to 2012 and 2013 to 2018, indicating high-risk and low-risk areas. Out of 19 126 articles, we selected 220 articles for data extraction and calculated the pooled prevalence for cutaneous leishmaniasis, human toxoplasmosis, giardiasis and blastocystosis for all 31 provinces in the country. Anselin local Moran's I was used to identify clusters and outliers in the prevalence rates. The mean prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients was found 35.12 per 100 000 in 2007 to 2012 but fell to 19.12 per 100 000 in the 2013 to 2018 period. The mean prevalence of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis was 2.36% and 32.5%, respectively, in 2007 to 2012, which changed to 2.28% and 31.14% in 2013 to 2018. The total prevalence of giardiasis declined from 9.8% in 2007 to 2012 to 4.8% in 2013 to 2018, while the mean prevalence of blastocystosis declined from 8.9% in 2007 to 2012 to 6.76% in the 2013 to 2018 period. There was only one high-high cluster in 2007 to 2012 and that was due to giardiasis, while there were two in 2013 to 2018, one for blastocystosis and one for chronic toxoplasmosis. The total prevalence of blastocystosis, giardiasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran has continually declined since 2007. In contrast, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Iranian women has not been changed. Iran's Midwest has more parasitic infections compared to the Mideast, which may be explained by the existence of vast deserts and consequently dry and hot climate in the latter part of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Kiani
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amene Raouf Rahmati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Robert Bergquist
- Ingerod, Brastad, Sweden. Formerly UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elham Moghaddas
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mousavi A, Ardalan A, Takian A, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Naddafi K, Bavani AM. Climate change and health in Iran: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:367-378. [PMID: 32399247 PMCID: PMC7203306 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of climate change are highly impeding the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) anywhere, especially in low and middle-income countries. While climate change scales up, its health-related risks increase, which in turn leads to cause new challenges for public health. As a second largest country of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of World Health Organization, Iran is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. PURPOSE This study seeks the notion of health risks and challenges of climate change in Iran and provide potential evidence-based remedies to prevent and diminish such destructive effects. METHODS A comprehensive literature in various computerized databases was conducted, and numerous published original research and review articles about climate change status and evidences of adverse health consequences of climate change in Iran were reviewed. RESULTS The evidence suggests that the expected health challenges related to climate change in Iran are: rising temperatures; frequent extreme weather events; reduction of air quality; food-borne, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases; mental health and well-being consequences; and the increasing trend of natural disasters and deaths associated with climatological hazards. CONCLUSIONS By considering the growing burden of diseases associated with climate variability in Iran as well as the interdisciplinary nature of climate change and health issues, an integrated, multi-sectoral, and comprehensive approach for identification, prioritization, and implementation of adaptation options is required by Ministry of Health and Medical Education as a custodian of public health in order to enhance the resiliency and adaption against adverse health effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Mousavi
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Takian
- Department of Global Health & Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Massah Bavani
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Abureyhan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Doshmangir L, Moshiri E, Farzadfar F. Seven Decades of Primary Healthcare during Various Development Plans in Iran: A Historical Review. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2020; 23:338-352. [PMID: 32383619 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2020.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore historically primary healthcare (PHC) development in Iran in the light of development plans before and after the Islamic Revolution. The results of this study can be used to outline the future of PHC in the Iranian health system. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the PHC development in the Iranian health system using data from relevant published and unpublished policy documents. The literature was retrieved and reviewed on the basis of predetermined inclusion criteria with no language or date restriction. The data were integrated and analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS During various upstream development plans, the attitude of the policy makers to PHC has been very different, resulting in fundamental differences in addressing such an important issue and the consequent outcomes. In the aftermath of Iran's revolution, due to more understanding of PHC services importance and the principal slogans of the revolution to pay attention to villagers and vulnerable people, health policymakers paid more attention to PHC, which was not evident in previous periods. CONCLUSION Despite considerable achievements in PHC, the history of PHC in Iran indicates frequent changes in planning and health provision structure. This suggests that the challenges facing the health sector today, the evolving needs and demands of the people, and population changes necessitate reinforcement and reform in the structure of the current PHC network as the main mission of Iran's Ministry of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Doshmangir
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Moshiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Abstract
After the mass campaign of Measles and Rubella vaccination in 2003 in Iran, the cases of measles and rubella infection decreased but still, the cases of rash and fever were reported. It is worth noting that some other viral infections show signs similar to measles and rubella such as some arboviruses. Considering the epidemic outbreak of arbovirus infections in countries neighbouring Iran, we performed this study to estimate the possibility of chikungunya and dengue fever among measles and rubella IgM negative patients presenting with rash and fever from December 2016 to November 2017 in the National Measles Laboratory at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Serum samples were selected at random from patients from eight provinces. The presence of DENV IgM and CHIKV IgM was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 1306 sera tested, 210 were CHIKV seropositive and 82 were dengue seropositive. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the CHIKV IgM antibody seropositivity rate in Kerman (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.10–3.92; P = 0.024) and Fars (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.06–2.93; P = 0.027). The DENV and CHIKV seropositivity rate in summer is higher than in other seasons (P < 0.01). Our seropositive samples suggest possible CHIKV and DENV infection in Iran. It is likely that these viruses are circulating in Iran and there is a need to study vector carriage of these two viruses.
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15
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Baghlaninezhad R, Beiromvand M, Veisi MS. Analysis of knowledge and attitudes related to parasitic infections among inhabitants of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Acta Trop 2019; 193:211-216. [PMID: 30871988 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are among the major health problems of various societies, especially people in developing countries, causing high economic and mortality burdens. Many researchers have reported that awareness and knowledge of a disease are effective in preventing and controlling the disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes on parasitic diseases of the population in Ahvaz County, southwestern Iran. This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 on 3500 subjects above 15 years old of Ahvaz County. First, participants were provided the necessary information regarding the study, and then data were collected using a constructed questionnaire. Of the 3500 participants, 1732 (49.5%) were female and 1768 (50.5%) were male, 348 (9.9%) said that they had been infected with a parasitic disease at least once in their lifetime. Almost half of the participants (42.8%) knew malaria was a parasitic disease and 50.2%, 48.9%, and 41.5% were aware of the possible transmission of parasitic diseases through uncooked meat, dirty hands, and close contact with animals. Regarding clinical symptoms, 73.2% and 32.6% of the respondents knew diarrhea and abdominal pain respectively were clinical symptoms of intestinal parasitic diseases. However, only 31.3% were aware of the close contact with cats and the risk of human toxoplasmosis and possible abortion in pregnant women. The findings reveal that the attitude of most participants toward treatment was positive (93.9%), but only 47.5% of believed that disinfecting fruits and vegetables could prevent intestinal parasitic infections.
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16
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Ghobakhloo N, Motazedian MH, Naderi S, Ebrahimi S. Isolation of Crithidia spp. from lesions of immunocompetent patients with suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 24:116-126. [PMID: 29446852 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leishmania major has been considered as the main aetiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. However, there are recent reports about the existence of Crithidia spp in cutaneous lesions in southern Iran. Therefore, this study was designed to decipher some morphological, biological and molecular aspects of this phenomenon. METHODS Clinical isolates were obtained from 167 patients with cutaneous ulcers. A set of specific primers based on GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) gene were used to distinguish between Crithidia and Leishmania genera. For molecular analysis, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and Mi-Seq Illumina platform were applied. Then, morphological analysis and some biological features (including potential growth at 37 °C and the ability of infecting mammalian macrophages) were studied. RESULTS In 92.8% of clinical cases, L. major was the only causative microorganism isolated; in 5.4% of cases, co-infection of L. major and Crithidia spp. was identified; and in 1.8% of lesions, only Crithidia spp. were found. CONCLUSION We isolated Crithidia spp. from clinical samples of patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran, indicating that Crithidia spp. are capable of surviving at human body temperature and infecting macrophage cells. This raises questions on the influence of this phenomenon on pathogenicity, therapeutic outcome and disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Ghobakhloo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Motazedian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Science in Infectious Diseases, Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Naderi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ebrahimi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Darban-Sarokhalil D. Infections in Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 27:7-8. [PMID: 30505453 PMCID: PMC6249394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently some parasitic and viral infections, tuberculosis, brucellosis and hospital-acquired infections are challenging issues in Iran. Despite decreasing the rate of some infectious diseases in Iran in recent years, improved sanitation, active surveillance, comprehensive infection control strategies and monitoring appropriate use of antibiotics are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Badawi MM, Atif MS, Mustafa YY. Systematic review and meta-analysis of HIV, HBV and HCV infection prevalence in Sudan. Virol J 2018; 15:148. [PMID: 30253805 PMCID: PMC6157049 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis constitutes a global health problem; previous studies have affirmed a considerable morbidity and mortality from both acute infections and chronic complications. On the other hand, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is also of known burden. Determining prevalence measures of these viruses is crucial for establishing appropriate country specific strategies regarding prevention, diagnosis, and containment. This systematic review was aimed to provide pooled seroprevalence estimates of the three viruses in Sudan. Structured review of the literature was conducted to obtain relevant studies published in both national and international databases. After assessment of quality and bias in all proposed studies, 57 prevalence studies were included. Meta-analysis was conducted for all studies and subgroup analysis was also approached. The total sample size of participants in included studies providing HIV antibodies prevalence was 15,479. Based on information retrieved from these studies, HIV prevalence ranged from 0 to 18.3% among different study populations. However, pooled prevalence estimate for HIV antibodies was 1%. Kassala, Eastern Sudan was the most endemic State (4.18%). The HBV reported seroprevalence rates ranged from 5.1 up to 26.81% among different populations and the overall pooled prevalence was 12.07%. For HCV antibodies; 2.74% was determined to be the pooled prevalence. Khartoum State was the most endemic State of both HBV and HCV with seroprevalence of 12.69% and 6.78%, respectively.Based on data reviewed and synthesized; there is no evidence for an HIV endemic in the general population of Sudan. However, both HBV and HCV seroprevalence rates are indicating otherwise. Reducing the overall burden of HIV, HBV and HCV infections will require new measures and national strategies and the recognition of the infections as one of the country's priority issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Badawi
- Medical Microbiology department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Elrazi University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - M. S. Atif
- Medical Microbiology department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Y. Y. Mustafa
- Medical Microbiology department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Rabiee MH, Mahmoudi A, Siahsarvie R, Kryštufek B, Mostafavi E. Rodent-borne diseases and their public health importance in Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006256. [PMID: 29672510 PMCID: PMC5908068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rodents are reservoirs and hosts for several zoonotic diseases such as plague, leptospirosis, and leishmaniasis. Rapid development of industry and agriculture, as well as climate change throughout the globe, has led to change or increase in occurrence of rodent-borne diseases. Considering the distribution of rodents throughout Iran, the aim of this review is to assess the risk of rodent-borne diseases in Iran. Methodology/Principal finding We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran databases up to September 2016 to obtain articles reporting occurrence of rodent-borne diseases in Iran and extract information from them. Out of 70 known rodent-borne diseases, 34 were reported in Iran: 17 (50%) parasitic diseases, 13 (38%) bacterial diseases, and 4 (12%) viral diseases. Twenty-one out of 34 diseases were reported from both humans and rodents. Among the diseases reported in the rodents of Iran, plague, leishmaniasis, and hymenolepiasis were the most frequent. The most infected rodents were Rattus norvegicus (16 diseases), Mus musculus (14 diseases), Rattus rattus (13 diseases), Meriones persicus (7 diseases), Apodemus spp. (5 diseases), Tatera indica (4 diseases), Meriones libycus (3 diseases), Rhombomys opimus (3 diseases), Cricetulus migratorius (3 diseases), and Nesokia indica (2 diseases). Conclusions/Significance The results of this review indicate the importance of rodent-borne diseases in Iran. Considering notable diversity of rodents and their extensive distribution throughout the country, it is crucial to pay more attention to their role in spreading infectious diseases for better control of the diseases. This review showed that approximately half of the known rodent-borne diseases have been reported in Iran, half of which were reported both in humans and rodents. Most of the diseases were bacterial and parasitic. Plague, leishmaniasis, and hymenolepiasis were the most frequent diseases among rodent populations. Also, this review showed that among the rodent species, three commensal ones—R. norvegicus, M. musculus, and R. rattus—play an important role in the transmission of diseases to humans in Iran. Considering repeated reports of many of these diseases in humans and rodents, and the notable diversity and extensive distribution of rodents throughout Iran, it is crucial to pay adequate attention to rodents as a source of zoonotic infectious diseases in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Rabiee
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mahmoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Iran
| | - Roohollah Siahsarvie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Rodentology Research Department (RRD), Institute of Applied Animal (IAA), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Iran
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kaveh-Yazdy F, Zareh-Bidoki AM. Search engines, news wires and digital epidemiology: Presumptions and facts. Int J Med Inform 2018; 115:53-63. [PMID: 29779720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital epidemiology tries to identify diseases dynamics and spread behaviors using digital traces collected via search engines logs and social media posts. However, the impacts of news on information-seeking behaviors have been remained unknown. METHODS Data employed in this research provided from two sources, (1) Parsijoo search engine query logs of 48 months, and (2) a set of documents of 28 months of Parsijoo's news service. Two classes of topics, i.e. macro-topics and micro-topics were selected to be tracked in query logs and news. Keywords of the macro-topics were automatically generated using web provided resources and exceeded 10k. Keyword set of micro-topics were limited to a numerable list including terms related to diseases and health-related activities. The tests are established in the form of three studies. Study A includes temporal analyses of 7 macro-topics in query logs. Study B considers analyzing seasonality of searching patterns of 9 micro-topics, and Study C assesses the impact of news media coverage on users' health-related information-seeking behaviors. RESULTS Study A showed that the hourly distribution of various macro-topics followed the changes in social activity level. Conversely, the interestingness of macro-topics did not follow the regulation of topic distributions. Among macro-topics, "Pharmacotherapy" has highest interestingness level and wider time-window of popularity. In Study B, seasonality of a limited number of diseases and health-related activities were analyzed. Trends of infectious diseases, such as flu, mumps and chicken pox were seasonal. Due to seasonality of most of diseases covered in national vaccination plans, the trend belonging to "Immunization and Vaccination" was seasonal, as well. Cancer awareness events caused peaks in search trends of "Cancer" and "Screening" micro-topics in specific days of each year that mimic repeated patterns which may mistakenly be identified as seasonality. In study C, we assessed the co-integration and correlation between news and query trends. Our results demonstrated that micro-topics sparsely covered in news media had lowest level of impressiveness and, subsequently, the lowest impact on users' intents. CONCLUSION Our results can reveal public reaction to social events, diseases and prevention procedures. Furthermore, we found that news trends are co-integrated with search queries and are able to reveal health-related events; however, they cannot be used interchangeably. It is recommended that the user-generated contents and news documents are analyzed mutually and interactively.
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Razavi Nikoo H, Ardebili A, Mardaneh J. Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in Iran: An Update. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:744-756. [PMID: 28085571 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii has become a medical challenge because of the increasing incidence of multiresistant strains and a lack of viable treatment alternatives. This systematic review attempts to investigate the changes in resistance of A. baumannii to different classes of antibiotics in Iran, with emphasis on the antimicrobial activity of polymyxin B (PMB) and colistin (COL). Biomedical databases were searched for English-published articles evaluating microbiological activity of various antimicrobial agents, including PMB and COL. Then, the available data were extracted and analyzed. Thirty-one studies, published from 2009 to 2015, were identified which contain data for 3,018 A. baumannii clinical isolates. With the exception of polymyxins and tigecycline (TIG), there was a high rate of resistance to various groups of antibiotics, including carbapenems. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges for PMB and COL on A. baumannii isolates tested were 0.12-64 μg/ml and 0.001-128 μg/ml, respectively. Polymyxins showed adequate activity with no significant trends in the resistance rate during most of the study period. The incidence of resistance to TIG was estimated low from 2% to 38.4% among the majority of A. baumannii. The present systematic review of the published literatures revealed that multidrug-resistant (including carbapenem-resistant) strains of A. baumannii have increased in Iran. In these circumstances, the older antibiotics, such as COL or PMB, preferably in combination with other antimicrobials (rifampicin, meropenem), could be considered as the therapeutic solution against the healthcare-associated infections. Designing rational dosage regimens for patients to maximize the antimicrobial activity and minimize the emergence and prevalence of resistance is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- 1 Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Ardebili
- 1 Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jalal Mardaneh
- 3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences , Gonabad, Iran
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22
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Lari MHA, Esmaili V, Naghavi SME, Kimiaghalam AH, Sharifaskari E. Synthesis of Nanosilver Particles in the Texture of Bank Notes to Produce Antibacterial Effect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x16500204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Silver particles show antibacterial and antiseptic properties at the nanoscale. Such properties result from an alteration in the binding capacity of silver atoms in bits of less than 6.5[Formula: see text]nm which enables them to kill harmful organisms. Silver nanoparticles are now the most broadly used agents in the area of nanotechnology after carbon nanotubes. Given that currency bills are one of the major sources of bacterial disseminations and their contamination has recently been nominated as a critical factor in gastrointestinal infections and possibly colon cancers, here we propose a new method for producing antibacterial bank notes by using silver nanoparticles. Older bank notes are sprayed with acetone to clean the surface. The bank note is put into a petri-dish containing a solution of silver nitrate and ammonia so that it is impregnated. The bank notes are then reduced with the formaldehyde gas, which penetrates its texture and produces silver nanoparticles in the cellulose matrix. The side products of the reactions are quickly dried off and the procedure ends with the drying of the bank note. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images confirmed the nanoscale size range for the formed particles while spectroscopy methods, such as XRD, provided proof for the metallic nature of the particles. Bacterial challenge tests then showed that no colonies of the three tested bacterium (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa survived on the sample after a 72[Formula: see text]h incubation period. This study has provided a method for synthesizing silver NPs directly into the texture of fabrics and textiles (like that of bank notes) which can result in lower production costs, making the use of silver NPs economically beneficial. The method, specifically works on the fabric of bank notes, suggesting a method to tackle the transmission of bacteria through bank notes. Moreover, this study is a testament to the strong antibacterial nature of even low concentrations of silver NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Asadi Lari
- Nikan High School, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vahid Esmaili
- Nikan High School, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Farjam M, Bahrami H, Bahramali E, Jamshidi J, Askari A, Zakeri H, Homayounfar R, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. A cohort study protocol to analyze the predisposing factors to common chronic non-communicable diseases in rural areas: Fasa Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1090. [PMID: 27756262 PMCID: PMC5069851 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the main causes of morbidity and mortality even in rural areas of many developing countries, including Iran. In view of this increased risk, Fasa Cohort Study (FACS) has been established to assess the risk factors for NCDs with the ultimate goal of providing optimal risk calculators for Iranian population and finding grounds for interventions at the population level. Methods In a population-based cohort, at least 10,000 people within the age range of 35 to 70 years old from Sheshdeh, the suburb of Fasa city and its 24 satellite villages are being recruited. A detailed demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, nutrition, and medical history is obtained for each individual besides limited physical examinations and determination of physical activity and sleep patterns supplemented by body composition and electrocardiographic records. Routine laboratory assessments are done and a comprehensive biobank is compiled for future biological investigations. All data are stored online using a dedicated software. Discussion FACS enrolls the individuals from rural and little township areas to evaluate the health conditions and analyze the risk factors pertinent to major NCDs. This study will provide an evidence-based background for further national and international policies in preventive medicine. Yearly follow ups are designed to assess the health events in the participating population. It is believed that the results would construct a contemporary knowledge of Iranian high risk health characteristics and behaviors as well as the platform for further interventions of risk reduction in a typical Iranian population. Constantly probing for future advances in NCDs prevention and management, the accumulated database and biobank serves as a potential for state of the art research and international collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahrami
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ehsan Bahramali
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. .,Cardiology Department, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Alireza Askari
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Habibollah Zakeri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Anesthesiology Department, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alavian SM, Imanieh MH, Imanieh MH. Predictive Factors in the Incidence of Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e34790. [PMID: 27330536 PMCID: PMC4912694 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.34790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is among the leading causes of liver cirrhosis worldwide. Predictors of cirrhosis in Iranian chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients are yet to be clearly identified. OBJECTIVES Evaluating the predictive factors of liver cirrhosis in CHB. PATIENTS AND METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted during 1995 - 2014 on all CHB patients who were referred to Tehran hepatitis center, Tehran, Iran. The patients were assessed during periodic visits through medical history and laboratory data. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine predictors of cirrhosis. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-seven CHB patients were followed for an average duration of 10.6 years, and 41 of these patients developed cirrhosis. The incidence rate of cirrhosis was 2.82/100 person-years. Univariate analyses determined 9 out of 17 factors as significant predictors of outcome in CHB patients. Age of ≥ 45 years, positive hepatitis D virus (HDV), negative HBeAg, platelet count of < 150 (× 10(9))/L, and HBV DNA level of ≥ 2,000 IU/mL were identified as significant independent predictors of liver cirrhosis in multiple logistic analyses. CONCLUSIONS Five predictive factors that are simple and easy to measure may be used as parameters for the prediction of liver cirrhosis in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Imanieh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Imanieh
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Hossein Imanieh, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2188067114, E-mail:
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Joulaei H, Maharlouei N, Lankarani KB, Razzaghi A, Akbari M. Narrative review of women's health in Iran: challenges and successes. Int J Equity Health 2016; 15:25. [PMID: 26880036 PMCID: PMC4754925 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-016-0316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In each society, the health of women in different periods may be endangered by an unequal distribution of resources, facilities, and gender prejudices. The present study evaluated the time trend of Iranian women's health between 1990 and 2013. METHODS This narrative review includes an integration and descriptive summary of the existing evidence on trends and criteria of different aspects of women's health from social determinant point of view. The evidence was drawn from peer-reviewed, cross-national or large-scale studies, official sources of the Ministry of Health, reviews, and online scientific databases published between 1990 and 2013. RESULTS The average life expectancy of Iranian women has increased from 44.15 years in 1960 to 75.75 years in 2012; in most deprived provinces of Iran, however, this criterion is about 67.3 years, and in the capital it is 75.8 years. In 2011, 43.37 % of DALYS, 36.21 % of YLL, and 1.92 % of YLD were dedicated to women; these figures were 3.63 % lower than they were in 2003. Although a significant reduction has occurred in maternal mortality rate, which dropped from 83 to 23 per 100,000 between 1990 and 2013, there is no equal distribution in maternal mortality across the country as manifested by the unfavorable conditions of border provinces (SD = 19.2). The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is an alarming health problem among Iranian females, increasing approximately 546 % between 2007 and 2015. As for mental health, depression in women was ranked first among diseases in 2011 compared to a second place ranking in 2003. As regards social health, the delinquency of women has increased in recent years compared to men with women committing more crimes related to drugs and actions against virtue. The annual report of the United Nations for the gender gap index in 2013 ranked Iran as 130 among 136 countries (from 0.622 in 2000 to 0.584 in 2013). CONCLUSION Generally, over the last three decades, the health indices of Iranian women have grown in aspects of physical, mental, and social health. Remarkable differences can be seen among female health indices based on geographic location and in comparison with men. To promote an improved health status for Iranian women, the root causes of the discrepancies must be identified and a comprehensive national plan must be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Joulaei
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Maharlouei
- Health Policy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
| | - Alireza Razzaghi
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Science, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
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Mortazavi H, Hejazi P, Khamesipour A, Mohebali M, Ehsani AH, Mohammadi Y, Farahani IV, Amirzargar AA. Frequency of seropositivity against infectious agents amongst pemphigus vulgaris patients: a case-control study on Strongyloides stercoralis, Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania major, and Epstein-Barr virus. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e458-65. [PMID: 26175264 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental and genetic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) as an autoimmune disease. We aimed to determine rates of seropositivity for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against a number of infectious agents in untreated and treated PV patients and in healthy individuals. METHODS Eighty-two newly diagnosed untreated PV patients (34 men and 48 women; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age: 44.18 ± 14.43 years) and 36 previously diagnosed patients under immunosuppressive therapy (16 men and 20 women; mean ± SD age: 38.53 ± 9.96 years) were enrolled in the study. The clinical diagnosis of PV was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence findings. As a control group, 131 healthy individuals (68 men and 63 women; mean ± SD age: 42.56 ± 19.69 years) were recruited. In all patients and controls, serum IgG antibodies against Strongyloides stercoralis, Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen, and Leishmania major were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The indirect immunofluorescence test was used to detect IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. RESULTS Newly-diagnosed untreated PV patients had significantly higher rates of seropositivity of IgG antibodies against S. stercoralis and H. pylori compared with the control group (69.5% vs. 16.0% [P < 0.001] and 79.3% vs. 59.5% [P = 0.004], respectively). For the other agents, namely T. gondii, L. major, and EBV capsid antigen, the differences between groups in seropositivity for IgG antibodies were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Significant associations between S. stercoralis and H. pylori seropositivity rates and untreated disease led to the hypothesis that these pathogenic agents may contribute to the pathogenesis of PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mortazavi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Hejazi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Ehsani
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Vasheghani Farahani
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ali Akbar Amirzargar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Erdem H, Inan A, Altındis S, Carevic B, Askarian M, Cottle L, Beovic B, Csomos A, Metodiev K, Ahmetagic S, Harxhi A, Raka L, Grozdanovski K, Nechifor M, Alp E, Bozkurt F, Hosoglu S, Balik I, Yilmaz G, Jereb M, Moradi F, Petrov N, Kaya S, Koksal I, Aslan T, Elaldi N, Akkoyunlu Y, Moravveji SA, Csato G, Szedlak B, Akata F, Oncu S, Grgic S, Cosic G, Stefanov C, Farrokhnia M, Müller M, Luca C, Koluder N, Korten V, Platikanov V, Ivanova P, Soltanipour S, Vakili M, Farahangiz S, Afkhamzadeh A, Beeching N, Ahmed SS, Cami A, Shiraly R, Jazbec A, Mirkovic T, Leblebicioglu H, Naber K. Surveillance, control and management of infections in intensive care units in Southern Europe, Turkey and Iran--a prospective multicenter point prevalence study. J Infect 2013; 68:131-40. [PMID: 24269951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the features of intensive care units (ICUs), their antimicrobial resistance patterns, infection control policies, and distribution of infectious diseases from central Europe to Mid-West Asia. METHODS A cross-sectional point prevalence study was performed in 88 ICUs from 12 countries. Characteristics of ICUs, patient and antibiotic therapy data were collected with a standard form by infectious diseases specialists. RESULTS Out of 749, 305 patients at least with one infectious disease were assessed and 254 patients were reported to have coexistent medical problems. When primary infectious diseases diagnoses of the patients were evaluated, 69 had community-acquired, 61 had healthcare-associated, and 176 had hospital-acquired infections. Pneumonia was the most frequent ICU infection seen in half of the patients. Distribution of frequent pathogens was as follows: Enteric Gram-negatives (n = 62, 28.8%), Acinetobacter spp. (n = 47, 21.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 29, 13.5%). Multidrug resistance profiles of the infecting microorganisms seem to have a uniform pattern throughout Southern Europe and Turkey. On the other hand, active and device-associated infection surveillance was performed in Turkey more than Iran and Southeastern Europe (p < 0.05). However, designing antibiotic treatment according to culture results was highest in Southeastern Europe (p < 0.05). The most frequently used antibiotics were carbapenems (n = 92, 30.2%), followed by anti-gram positive agents (vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline; n = 79, 25.9%), beta-lactam/beta lactamase inhibitors (n = 78, 25.6%), and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (n = 73, 23.9%). CONCLUSION ICU features appears to have similar characteristics from the infectious diseases perspective, although variability seems to exist in this large geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Erdem
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Asuman Inan
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selma Altındis
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Management, Department of Health Administration, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Biljana Carevic
- Clinical Center of Serbia (CCS), Department for Hospital Epidemiology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mehrdad Askarian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lucy Cottle
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Bojana Beovic
- University Medical Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Akos Csomos
- Semmelweis University, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krassimir Metodiev
- Medical University, Department of Preclinical and Clinical Sciences, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Sead Ahmetagic
- University Clinical Center Tuzla, Department for Infectious Diseases, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Arjan Harxhi
- University Hospital Center of Tirana, Service of Infectious Disease, Tirana, Albania
| | - Lul Raka
- University of Prishtina, School of Medicine & National Institute of Public Health of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosova, Serbia
| | - Krsto Grozdanovski
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Department of Intensive Care, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Mihai Nechifor
- Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Emine Alp
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatma Bozkurt
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Salih Hosoglu
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Balik
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulden Yilmaz
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Matjaz Jereb
- University Medical Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Clinical Research Center on Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nikolay Petrov
- Military Medical Academy, Department Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Selcuk Kaya
- Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Iftihar Koksal
- Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Turan Aslan
- Bezmi Alem University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akkoyunlu
- Bezmi Alem University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyyed Alireza Moravveji
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Trauma Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gabor Csato
- Kenézy Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs Szedlak
- Borsod County Hospital and Teaching Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Filiz Akata
- Trakya University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Serkan Oncu
- Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Svjetlana Grgic
- University Hospital Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Gorana Cosic
- IPH of Vojvodina, Department of Prevention and Control of Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Chavdar Stefanov
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Treatment, St. Georgi, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mehrdad Farrokhnia
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mária Müller
- Markhot Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Eger, Hungary
| | - Catalina Luca
- Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nada Koluder
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Volkan Korten
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Viliyan Platikanov
- University Hospital "St. Marina", Department of Anesthesiology and ICM, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Petja Ivanova
- University Hospital "St. Marina", Department of Anesthesiology and ICM, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Soheil Soltanipour
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmood Vakili
- Shahid Sadoughi University School of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saman Farahangiz
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Salman Shaheer Ahmed
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alma Cami
- University Hospital of Pulmonary Disease, Intensive Care Clinic, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ramin Shiraly
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Yazd, Iran
| | - Anja Jazbec
- University Clinical Center Ljubljana, Center for Intensive Internal Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Mirkovic
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Anestesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hakan Leblebicioglu
- Ondokuz Mayis University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kurt Naber
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yelnik
- CMI Editorial Office, Marseille, France.
| | | | - D Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005, Marseille, France
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Raoult D, Cornaglia G, Kahlmeter G. Welcoming countries emerging on the scene of medical sciences in Clinical Microbiology and Infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:1055. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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