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Gifford DR, Bhattacharyya A, Geim A, Marshall E, Krašovec R, Knight CG. Environmental and genetic influence on the rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations in Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001452. [PMID: 38687010 PMCID: PMC11084559 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations are the ultimate source of novel genetic variation on which evolution operates. Although mutation rate is often discussed as a single parameter in evolution, it comprises multiple distinct types of changes at the level of DNA. Moreover, the rates of these distinct changes can be independently influenced by genomic background and environmental conditions. Using fluctuation tests, we characterized the spectrum of spontaneous mutations in Escherichia coli grown in low and high glucose environments. These conditions are known to affect the rate of spontaneous mutation in wild-type MG1655, but not in a ΔluxS deletant strain - a gene with roles in both quorum sensing and the recycling of methylation products used in E. coli's DNA repair process. We find an increase in AT>GC transitions in the low glucose environment, suggesting that processes relating to the production or repair of this mutation could drive the response of overall mutation rate to glucose concentration. Interestingly, this increase in AT>GC transitions is maintained by the glucose non-responsive ΔluxS deletant. Instead, an elevated rate of GC>TA transversions, more common in a high glucose environment, leads to a net non-responsiveness of overall mutation rate for this strain. Our results show how relatively subtle changes, such as the concentration of a carbon substrate or loss of a regulatory gene, can substantially influence the amount and nature of genetic variation available to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna R. Gifford
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anish Bhattacharyya
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra Geim
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Pembroke College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Marshall
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rok Krašovec
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher G. Knight
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Mitra SD, Shome R, Bandopadhyay S, Geddam S, Kumar AMP, Murugesan D, Shome A, Shome BR. Genetic insights of antibiotic resistance, pathogenicity (virulence) and phylogenetic relationship of Escherichia coli strains isolated from livestock, poultry and their handlers - a one health snapshot. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:404. [PMID: 38456953 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli harbouring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from any source (clinical samples, animal settings, or environment) might be transmitted and contribute to the spread and increase of antibiotic resistance in the biosphere. The goal of this study was to investigate the genome to decipher the repertoire of ARGs, virulence genes carried by E. coli strains isolated from livestock, poultry, and their handlers (humans), and then unveil the genetic relatedness between the strains. METHODS Whole genome sequencing was done to investigate the genetic makeup of E. coli isolates (n = 20) [swine (n = 2), cattle (n = 2), sheep (n = 4), poultry (n = 7), and animal handlers (n = 5)] from southern India. The detection of resistome, virulome, biofilm forming genes, mobile genetic elements (MGE), followed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analyses, were performed. RESULTS E. coli strains were found to be multi drug resistant, with a resistome encompassing > 20 ARGs, the virulome-17-22 genes, and > 20 key biofilm genes. MGE analysis showed four E. coli isolates (host: poultry, swine and cattle) harbouring composite transposons with ARGs/virulence genes (blaTEM, dfr, qnr/nleB, tir, eae,and esp) with the potential for horizontal transfer. MLST analyses revealed the presence of ST937 and ST3107 in both livestock/poultry and their handlers. Phylogenomic analyses with global E. coli isolates (human/livestock/poultry hosts) showed close relatedness with strains originating from different parts of the world (the United States, China, etc.). CONCLUSION The current study emphasizes the circulation of strains of pathogenic sequence types of clinical importance, carrying a diverse repertoire of genes associated with antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and virulence properties in animal settings, necessitating immediate mitigation measures to reduce the risk of spread across the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susweta Das Mitra
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, India
- Department of Biotechnology School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, India
| | - Satarupa Bandopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India
| | - Sujatha Geddam
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, India
| | - A M Praveen Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, India
| | - Devi Murugesan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, India
| | - Arijit Shome
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, India.
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Xie LY, Xu YB, Ding XQ, Liang S, Li DL, Fu AK, Zhan XA. Itaconic acid and dimethyl itaconate exert antibacterial activity in carbon-enriched environments through the TCA cycle. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115487. [PMID: 37713987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA), a metabolite generated by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in eukaryotic immune cells, and its derivative dimethyl itaconate (DI) exert antibacterial functions in intracellular environments. Previous studies suggested that IA and DI only inhibit bacterial growth in carbon-limited environments; however, whether IA and DI maintain antibacterial activity in carbon-enriched environments remains unknown. Here, IA and DI inhibited the bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 24.02 mM and 39.52 mM, respectively, in a carbon-enriched environment. The reduced bacterial pathogenicity was reflected in cell membrane integrity, motility, biofilm formation, AI-2/luxS, and virulence. Mechanistically, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and fumaric acid levels decreased in the IA and DI treatments, while isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity was upregulated. Inhibited TCA circulation was also observed through untargeted metabolomics. In addition, energy-related aspartate metabolism and lysine degradation were suppressed. In summary, these results indicated that IA and DI reduced bacterial pathogenicity while exerting antibacterial functions by inhibiting TCA circulation. This study enriches knowledge on the inhibition of bacteria by IA and DI in a carbon-mixed environment, suggesting an alternative method for treating bacterial infections by immune metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y B Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Q Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - S Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D L Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - A K Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X A Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Monteith W, Pascoe B, Mourkas E, Clark J, Hakim M, Hitchings MD, McCarthy N, Yahara K, Asakura H, Sheppard SK. Contrasting genes conferring short- and long-term biofilm adaptation in Listeria. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001114. [PMID: 37850975 PMCID: PMC10634452 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic food-borne bacterium that is capable of infecting humans with high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Natural populations are genotypically and phenotypically variable, with some lineages being responsible for most human infections. The success of L. monocytogenes is linked to its capacity to persist on food and in the environment. Biofilms are an important feature that allow these bacteria to persist and infect humans, so understanding the genetic basis of biofilm formation is key to understanding transmission. We sought to investigate the biofilm-forming ability of L. monocytogenes by identifying genetic variation that underlies biofilm formation in natural populations using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Changes in gene expression of specific strains during biofilm formation were then investigated using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Genetic variation associated with enhanced biofilm formation was identified in 273 genes by GWAS and differential expression in 220 genes by RNA-seq. Statistical analyses show that the number of overlapping genes flagged by either type of experiment is less than expected by random sampling. This novel finding is consistent with an evolutionary scenario where rapid adaptation is driven by variation in gene expression of pioneer genes, and this is followed by slower adaptation driven by nucleotide changes within the core genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Monteith
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jack Clark
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Maliha Hakim
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew D. Hitchings
- Swasnsea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - Noel McCarthy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Koji Yahara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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5
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Cao Q, Dong Y, Guo C, Ji S, Nie M, Liu G, Wan X, Lu C, Liu Y. luxS contributes to intramacrophage survival of Streptococcus agalactiae by positively affecting the expression of fruRKI operon. Vet Res 2023; 54:83. [PMID: 37759250 PMCID: PMC10536698 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The LuxS quorum sensing system is a widespread system employed by many bacteria for cell-to-cell communication. The luxS gene has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in intramacrophage survival of piscine Streptococcus agalactiae, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, transcriptome analysis, followed by the luxS gene deletion and subsequent functional studies, confirmed that impaired bacterial survival inside macrophages due to the inactivation of luxS was associated with reduced transcription of the fruRKI operon, encoding the fructose-specific phosphotransferase system. Further, luxS was determined not to enhance the transcription of fruRKI operon by binding its promoter, but to upregulate the expression of this operon via affecting the binding ability of catabolite control protein A (CcpA) to the catabolite responsive element (cre) in the promoter of fruRKI. Collectively, our study identifies a novel and previously unappreciated role for luxS in bacterial intracellular survival, which may give a more thorough understanding of the immune evasion mechanism in S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changming Guo
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuting Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihe Wan
- Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Song X, Fang C, Xing R, Liu L, Zhao X, Zou Y, Li L, Jia R, Ye G, Shi F, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wan H, Wei Q, Yin Z. 1,8-Cineole inhibits biofilm formation and bacterial pathogenicity by suppressing luxS gene expression in Escherichia coli. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:988245. [PMID: 36330093 PMCID: PMC9624193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.988245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with frequent reports of multi-drug resistant strains, bacteria antibiotic resistance has become an increasingly serious health problem worldwide. One of the most promising ways for combating bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance is development of quorum-sensing (QS) interfering drugs. In this study, the results show that 1,8-cineole inhibited the expression of QS as well as the virulence genes in Escherichia coli O101 (E. coli O101) with a 65% inhibition rate against luxS gene. Therefore, we hypothesized that 1,8-cineole may inhibit the biofilm formation and reduce the pathogenicity of E. coli O101 by inhibiting the expression of luxS gene. To confirm our hypotheses, a luxS gene deleted E. coli O101 was constructed. The results show that the biofilm formation, motility, structure and pathogenicity of E. coli O101 were significantly inhibited following deletion of the luxS gene. In addition, the transcript levels of QS and virulence genes of E. coli O101 were also significantly down-regulated. Interestingly, 1,8-cineole no longer had a significant inhibitory effect on the related phenotype and gene expression of E. coli O101 without luxS gene. In conclusion, the results show that 1,8-cineole can affect bacterial biofilm formation and pathogenicity by suppressing the expression of luxS gene in E. coli O101, which could provide a new perspective for dealing with the biofilm problem of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlin Fang
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu QianKun Veterinary Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Xing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Escherichia coli minicells with targeted enzymes as bioreactors for producing toxic compounds. Metab Eng 2022; 73:214-224. [PMID: 35970507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Formed by aberrant cell division, minicells possess functional metabolism despite their inability to grow and divide. Minicells exhibit not only superior stability when compared with bacterial cells but also exceptional tolerance-characteristics that are essential for a de novo bioreactor platform. Accordingly, we engineered minicells to accumulate protein, ensuring sufficient production capability. When tested with chemicals regarded as toxic against cells, the engineered minicells produced titers of C6-C10 alcohols and esters, far surpassing the corresponding production from bacterial cells. Additionally, microbial autoinducer production that is limited in expanding bacterial population was conducted in the minicells. Because bacterial population growth was nonexistent, the minicells produced autoinducers in constant amounts, which allowed precise control of the bacterial population having autoinducer-responsive gene circuits. When bacterial population growth was nonexistent, the minicells produced autoinducers in constant amounts, which allowed precise control of the bacterial population having autoinducer-based gene circuits with the minicells. This study demonstrates the potential of minicells as bioreactors suitable for products with known limitations in microbial production, thus providing new possibilities for bioreactor engineering.
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8
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Hu J, Lv X, Niu X, Yu F, Zuo J, Bao Y, Yin H, Huang C, Nawaz S, Zhou W, Jiang W, Chen Z, Tu J, Qi K, Han X. Effect of nutritional and environmental conditions on biofilm formation of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4236-4251. [PMID: 35343028 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effects of environmental stress and nutrient conditions on biofilm formation of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). METHODS AND RESULTS The APEC strain DE17 was used to study biofilm formation under various conditions of environmental stress (including different temperatures, pH, metal ions, and antibiotics) and nutrient conditions (LB and M9 media, with the addition of different carbohydrates, if necessary). The DE17 biofilm formation ability was strongest at 25°C in LB medium. Compared to incubation at 37°C, three biofilm-related genes (csgD, dgcC, and pfs) were significantly upregulated and two genes (flhC and flhD) were downregulated at 25°C, which resulted in decreased motility. However, biofilm formation was strongest in M9 medium supplemented with glucose at 37°C, and the number of live bacteria was the highest as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The bacteria in the biofilm were surrounded by a thick extracellular matrix, and honeycomb-like or rough surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, biofilm formation of the DE17 strain was remarkably inhibited under acidic conditions, whereas neutral and alkaline conditions were more suitable for biofilm formation. Biofilm formation was also inhibited at specific concentrations of cations (Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , and Mg2+ ) and antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and spectinomycin). The qRT-PCR showed that the transcription levels of biofilm-related genes change under different environmental conditions. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional and environmental factors played an important role in DE17 biofilm development. The transcription levels of biofilm-related genes changed under different environmental and nutrient conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The findings suggest that nutritional and environmental factors play an important role in APEC biofilm development. Depending on the different conditions involved in this study, it can serve as a guide to treating biofilm-related infections and to eliminating biofilms from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Hu
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolong Lv
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangpeng Niu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangheng Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiakun Zuo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Huifang Yin
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Cuiqin Huang
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Saqib Nawaz
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, China
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9
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Bozan M, Schmid A, Bühler K. Evaluation of self-sustaining cyanobacterial biofilms for technical applications. Biofilm 2022; 4:100073. [PMID: 35434604 PMCID: PMC9006728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are potent microorganisms for sustainable photo-biotechnological production processes, as they are depending mainly on water, light, and carbon dioxide. Persisting challenges preventing their application include low biomass, as well as insufficient process stability and productivity. Here, we evaluate different cyanobacteria to be applied in a novel capillary biofilm reactor. Cultivated as biofilms, the organisms self-immobilize to the reactor walls, reach high biomass and enable long and robust production processes. As ‘best performer’ Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 emerged from this study. It reached the highest biomass in the reactors with 62.6 ± 6.34 gBDWL−1, produced 0.14 μmole H2 mgChl a−1h−1 under N2-fixing conditions, showed optimal surface coverage of the available growth surface, and only minor detachment in contrast to other tested species, highlighting its potential for photobiotechnology in the near future. Testing biofilm forming ability of selected cyanobacterial strains in a technical setting. Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 shows the highest biomass, 62.6 ± 6.34 gBDWL−1, the lowest detachment, and high surface coverage. Continuous H2 production under N2 fixation conditions. Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 as new photo-biotechnology workhorse.
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10
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Sora VM, Meroni G, Martino PA, Soggiu A, Bonizzi L, Zecconi A. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli: Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111355. [PMID: 34832511 PMCID: PMC8618662 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The One Health approach emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a major concern both in public health and in food animal production systems. As a general classification, E. coli can be distinguished based on the ability to cause infection of the gastrointestinal system (IPEC) or outside of it (ExPEC). Among the different pathogens, E. coli are becoming of great importance, and it has been suggested that ExPEC may harbor resistance genes that may be transferred to pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria. ExPEC strains are versatile bacteria that can cause urinary tract, bloodstream, prostate, and other infections at non-intestinal sites. In this context of rapidly increasing multidrug-resistance worldwide and a diminishingly effective antimicrobial arsenal to tackle resistant strains. ExPEC infections are now a serious public health threat worldwide. However, the clinical and economic impact of these infections and their optimal management are challenging, and consequently, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of ExPECs amongst healthcare professionals and the general public alike. This review aims to describe pathotype characteristics of ExPEC to increase our knowledge of these bacteria and, consequently, to increase our chances to control them and reduce the risk for AMR, following a One Health approach.
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11
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Nahar S, Jeong HL, Kim Y, Ha AJW, Roy PK, Park SH, Ashrafudoulla M, Mizan MFR, Ha SD. Inhibitory effects of Flavourzyme on biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and virulence genes of foodborne pathogens Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110461. [PMID: 34399461 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica and Shiga toxin-producing (or verotoxin-producing) Escherichia coli are major foodborne pathogens, posing substantial food safety risks. Due to the negative effects of chemical treatment against foodborne pathogens, the application of enzyme-based techniques is currently receiving great attention. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory properties of Flavourzyme, a commercial peptidase, against these two foodborne pathogens. We noticed 4.0 and 5.5 log inhibition of biofilm formation by S. Typhimurium and E. coli, respectively, while treated with sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of Flavourzyme for 24 h. For both bacteria, the enzyme exhibited quorum-quenching activity, preventing autoinducer-2 production completely by E. coli. In addition, Flavourzyme significantly suppressed the relative expression levels of biofilm-forming, quorum sensing, and virulence regulatory genes as measured by qRT-PCR. Based on our results, we suggest the use of Flavourzyme as a preventive agent against foodborne pathogens that possibly acts by inhibiting bacterial self-defense mechanisms following disruption of cellular proteins. This finding may shed light on how enzymes can be applied as a novel weapon to control foodborne illnesses to ensure food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Lim Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Younsoo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Jie-Won Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Halder P, Hossain N, Pramanik BK, Bhuiyan MA. Engineered topographies and hydrodynamics in relation to biofouling control-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40678-40692. [PMID: 32974820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling, the unwanted growth of microorganisms on submerged surfaces, has appeared as a significant impediment for underwater structures, water vessels, and medical devices. For fixing the biofouling issue, modification of the submerged surface is being experimented as a non-toxic approach worldwide. This technique necessitated altering the surface topography and roughness and developing a surface with a nano- to micro-structured pattern. The main objective of this study is to review the recent advancements in surface modification and hydrodynamic analysis concerning biofouling control. This study described the occurrence of the biofouling process, techniques suitable for biofouling control, and current state of research advancements comprehensively. Different biofilms under various hydrodynamic conditions have also been outlined in this study. Scenarios of biomimetic surfaces and underwater super-hydrophobicity, locomotion of microorganisms, nano- and micro-hydrodynamics on various surfaces around microorganisms, and material stiffness were explained thoroughly. The review also documented the approaches to inhibit the initial settlement of microorganisms and prolong the subsequent biofilm formation process for patterned surfaces. Though it is well documented that biofouling can be controlled to various degrees with different nano- and micro-structured patterned surfaces, the understanding of the underlying mechanism is still imprecise. Therefore, this review strived to present the possibilities of implementing the patterned surfaces as a physical deterrent against the settlement of fouling organisms and developing an active microfluidic environment to inhibit the initial bacterial settlement process. In general, microtopography equivalent to that of bacterial cells influences attachment via hydrodynamics, topography-induced cell placement, and air-entrapment, whereas nanotopography influences physicochemical forces through macromolecular conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Halder
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Nazia Hossain
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Muhammed A Bhuiyan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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13
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Yu T, Ma M, Sun Y, Xu X, Qiu S, Yin J, Chen L. The effect of sublethal concentrations of benzalkonium chloride on the LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system, biofilm formation and motility of Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 353:109313. [PMID: 34175578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli can survive improper disinfection processes, which is a potential source of contamination of food products. Benzalkonium chloride (BC) is a common disinfectant widely used in food industry. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) plays a major role in food spoilage, biofilm formation and food-related pathogenesis. Understanding QS can help to control the growth of undesirable food-related bacteria. The LuxS/AI-2 QS system of E. coli has been confirmed to regulate many important phenotypes including biofilm formation and motility. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of sublethal concentrations of BC on the LuxS/AI-2 system of E. coli isolates from retail meat samples, as well as bacterial biofilm formation and motility. Our results showed that sublethal concentrations of BC promoted AI-2 production in four test E. coli isolates. The results from microplate assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis indicated that sublethal concentrations of BC enhanced biofilm formation of E. coli. When treated with sublethal concentrations of BC, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production during biofilm development increased significantly and swimming motility of tested isolates was also promoted. The expression levels of luxS, biofilm-associated genes and flagellar motility genes were increased by BC at sublethal concentrations. Our findings underline the importance of proper use of the disinfectant BC in food processing environments to control food contamination by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health Risk Warning of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China
| | - Muyuan Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Yaxi Sun
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China
| | - Shuxing Qiu
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health Risk Warning of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China
| | - Junlei Yin
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health Risk Warning of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China
| | - Leishan Chen
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453000, China.
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14
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Research on the role of LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing in biofilm of Leuconostoc citreum 37 based on complete genome sequencing. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:189. [PMID: 33927980 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc citreum, a type of food-grade probiotic bacteria, plays an important role in food fermentation and intestinal probiotics. Biofilms help bacteria survive under adverse conditions, and LuxS/AI-2-dependent quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the regulation of their biofilm-forming activities. L. citreum 37 was a biofilm-forming strain isolated from dairy products. The aim of this study was to analyze genes involved in the LuxS/AI-2 system based on genome sequencing and biofilm formation of L. citreum 37. Genome assembly yielded two contigs (one chromosome and one plasmid), and the complete genome contained 1,946,279 base pairs (bps) with a G + C content of 38.91%. The genome sequence analysis showed that there were several pathways such as the two-component system, QS, and seven other signal pathways, and 26 genes (including luxS, pfs, and 24 other genes) may participate in QS related to biofilm formation. All these results showed that the LuxS/AI-2 system is complete in the genome of L. citreum 37. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of pfs, luxS genes, and AI-2 production of L. citreum 37 in planktonic state and biofilm state showed that the expression of pfs and luxS genes was consistent with the production of AI-2 and was positively correlated with biofilm formation. After luxS of L. citreum 37 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, AI-2 production was detected, suggesting that the luxS gene played an important role in AI-2 synthesis, Therefore, luxS may regulate the biofilm formation of L. citreum 37 by participating in AI-2 synthesis. It is projected that results of this study could help facilitate further understanding and application of L. citreum 37. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02747-2.
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15
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Expression of Meiothermus ruber luxS in E. coli alters the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4457-4469. [PMID: 32215705 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) and signal molecules used for interspecies communication are well defined in mesophiles, but there is still a plethora of microorganisms in which existence and mechanisms of QS need to be explored, thermophiles being among them. In silico analysis has revealed the presence of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) class of QS signaling molecules in thermophiles, synthesized by LuxS (AI-2 synthase), though the functions of this system are not known. In this study, LuxS of Meiothermus ruber was used for understanding the mechanism and functions of AI-2 based QS among thermophilic bacteria. The luxS gene of M. ruber was expressed in luxS- deletion mutant of Escherichia coli. Complementation of luxS resulted in significant AI-2 activity, enhanced biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility. Transcriptome analysis showed significant differential expression of 204 genes between the luxS-complemented and luxS- deletion mutant of E. coli. Majority of the genes regulated by luxS belonged to efflux pumps. This elucidation may contribute towards finding novel alternatives against incessant antibiotic resistance in bacteria.Key Points• Expression of luxS in luxS-E. coli resulted in increase in biofilm index. • Reduction in the MIC of antibiotics was observed after complementation of luxS. • Downregulation of efflux pump genes was observed after complementation of luxS. • Transcriptome analysis showed that 204 genes were differentially regulated significantly.
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16
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Yi J, Zhang D, Cheng Y, Tan J, Luo Y. The impact of Paenibacillus polymyxa HY96-2 luxS on biofilm formation and control of tomato bacterial wilt. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9643-9657. [PMID: 31686149 PMCID: PMC6867978 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to investigate the effects of luxS, a key regulatory gene of the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum sensing (QS) system, on the biofilm formation and biocontrol efficacy against Ralstonia solanacearum by Paenibacillus polymyxa HY96-2. luxS mutants were constructed and assayed for biofilm formation of the wild-type (WT) strain and luxS mutants of P. polymyxa HY96-2 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that luxS positively regulated the biofilm formation of HY96-2. Greenhouse experiments of tomato bacterial wilt found that from the early stage to late stage postinoculation, the biocontrol efficacy of the luxS deletion strain was the lowest with 50.70 ± 1.39% in the late stage. However, the luxS overexpression strain had the highest biocontrol efficacy with 75.66 ± 1.94% in the late stage. The complementation of luxS could restore the biocontrol efficacy of the luxS deletion strain with 69.84 ± 1.09% in the late stage, which was higher than that of the WT strain with 65.94 ± 2.73%. Therefore, we deduced that luxS could promote the biofilm formation of P. polymyxa HY96-2 and further promoted its biocontrol efficacy against R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincui Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Daojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuejuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingjing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanchan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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17
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Total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides and matrine inhibit auto-inducer 2 in the biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Bezanson G, Mader D, Fillmore S, Bach S, Delaquis P. Reaction of Surrogate Escherichia coli Serotype O157:H7 and Non-O157 Strains to Nutrient Starvation: Variation in Phenotype and Transcription of Stress Response Genes and Behavior on Lettuce Plants in the Field. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1988-2000. [PMID: 31644333 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Preharvest contamination with bacteria borne by irrigation water may result in leafy vegetables serving as vehicles for transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) to humans. The influence of starvation-associated stress on the behavior of non-toxin-producing strains of E. coli serotype O157:H7 and serotypes O26, O103, O111, and O145 was examined subsequent to their introduction to the phyllosphere of field-grown romaine lettuce as inocula simulating starved (96 h in sterile deionized water) and nutrient-depleted (24 h broth culture) cells. As with E. coli O157:H7, leaf populations of the non-O157 strains declined rapidly during the first 72 h postinoculation, displaying the biphasic decay curve typical of serotype O157:H7 isolates. Preinoculation treatment appeared not to influence decay rates greatly (P > 0.5), but strain-specific differences (persistence period and attachment proficiency) indicated that serotype O103:H2 strain PARC445 was a better survivor. Also assessed was the impact of preinoculation treatment on phenotypes key to leaf colonization and survival and the expression of starvation stress-associated genes. The 96-h starvation period enhanced biofilm formation in one strain but reduced motility and autoinducer 2 formation in all five study strains relative to those characteristics in stationary-phase cells. Transcription of rpoS, dps, uspA, and gapA was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in starvation-stressed cells relative to that for exponential- and stationary-phase cultures. Strain-specific differences were observed; serotype O103:H2 PARC445 had greater downturns than did serotype O157:H7 and other non-O157 strains. Within this particular cohort, the behavior of the representative serotype O157:H7 strain, PARC443 (ATCC 700728), was not predictive of behavior of non-O157 members of this STEC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Bezanson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4N 1J
| | - David Mader
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4N 1J
| | - Sherry Fillmore
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4N 1J
| | - Susan Bach
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research and Development Centre, 2701 Grand Valley Road, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada R7A 5Y3
| | - Pascal Delaquis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
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19
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Du GF, Zheng YD, Chen J, He QY, Sun X. Novel Mechanistic Insights into Bacterial Fluoroquinolone Resistance. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3955-3966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Fei Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yun-Dan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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20
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Torres-Cerna CE, Morales JA, Hernandez-Vargas EA. Modeling Quorum Sensing Dynamics and Interference on Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1835. [PMID: 31481938 PMCID: PMC6710385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria control the expression of specific genes by Quorum Sensing (QS). This works using small signaling molecules called Autoinducers (AIs), for example, the Autoinducer-2 (AI-2). In this work, we present a mathematical model that represents the AI-2 dynamics on Escherichia coli, which is linked to the cell growth and the lsr operon expression. The model is adjusted using experimental data. Our results suggest that the extracellular AI-2 activity level depends on the cell growth rate, and this activity depends on the cell exponential growth phase. The model was adapted to simulate the interference of QS mechanisms in a co-culture of two E. coli strains: a wild type strain and a knock out strain that detects AI-2 but does not produce it. Co-culture simulations unveiled two conditions to avoid the QS on the wild strain: when the knock out takes control of the growth medium and overcomes the wild strain, or when is pre-cultured to its mid-exponential phase and then added to the wild strain culture. Model simulations unveiled new insights about the interference of bacterial communication and offer new tools for QS control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Alejandro Morales
- Computer Science Department, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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21
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Abstract
Bacteria are often found living in aggregated multicellular communities known as biofilms. Biofilms are three-dimensional structures that confer distinct physical and biological properties to the collective of cells living within them. We used agent-based modeling to explore whether local cellular interactions were sufficient to give rise to global structural features of biofilms. Specifically, we asked whether chemorepulsion from a self-produced quorum-sensing molecule, autoinducer-2 (AI-2), was sufficient to recapitulate biofilm growth and cellular organization observed for biofilms of Helicobacter pylori, a common bacterial resident of human stomachs. To carry out this modeling, we modified an existing platform, Individual-based Dynamics of Microbial Communities Simulator (iDynoMiCS), to incorporate three-dimensional chemotaxis, planktonic cells that could join or leave the biofilm structure, and cellular production of AI-2. We simulated biofilm growth of previously characterized H. pylori strains with various AI-2 production and sensing capacities. Using biologically plausible parameters, we were able to recapitulate both the variation in biofilm mass and cellular distributions observed with these strains. Specifically, the strains that were competent to chemotax away from AI-2 produced smaller and more heterogeneously spaced biofilms, whereas the AI-2 chemotaxis-defective strains produced larger and more homogeneously spaced biofilms. The model also provided new insights into the cellular demographics contributing to the biofilm patterning of each strain. Our analysis supports the idea that cellular interactions at small spatial and temporal scales are sufficient to give rise to larger-scale emergent properties of biofilms.IMPORTANCE Most bacteria exist in aggregated, three-dimensional structures called biofilms. Although biofilms play important ecological roles in natural and engineered settings, they can also pose societal problems, for example, when they grow in plumbing systems or on medical implants. Understanding the processes that promote the growth and disassembly of biofilms could lead to better strategies to manage these structures. We had previously shown that Helicobacter pylori bacteria are repulsed by high concentrations of a self-produced molecule, AI-2, and that H. pylori mutants deficient in AI-2 sensing form larger and more homogeneously spaced biofilms. Here, we used computer simulations of biofilm formation to show that local H. pylori behavior of repulsion from high AI-2 could explain the overall architecture of H. pylori biofilms. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to change global biofilm organization by manipulating local cell behaviors, which suggests that simple strategies targeting cells at local scales could be useful for controlling biofilms in industrial and medical settings.
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22
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Effect of Cryptotanshinone on Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation Under In Vitro Conditions. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.83922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Fleitas Martínez O, Rigueiras PO, Pires ÁDS, Porto WF, Silva ON, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Franco OL. Interference With Quorum-Sensing Signal Biosynthesis as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:444. [PMID: 30805311 PMCID: PMC6371041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Faced with the global health threat of increasing resistance to antibiotics, researchers are exploring interventions that target bacterial virulence factors. Quorum sensing is a particularly attractive target because several bacterial virulence factors are controlled by this mechanism. Furthermore, attacking the quorum-sensing signaling network is less likely to select for resistant strains than using conventional antibiotics. Strategies that focus on the inhibition of quorum-sensing signal production are especially attractive because the enzymes involved are expressed in bacterial cells but are not present in their mammalian counterparts. We review here various approaches that are being taken to interfere with quorum-sensing signal production via the inhibition of autoinducer-2 synthesis, PQS synthesis, peptide autoinducer synthesis, and N-acyl-homoserine lactone synthesis. We expect these approaches will lead to the discovery of new quorum-sensing inhibitors that can help to stem the tide of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmel Fleitas Martínez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pietra Orlandi Rigueiras
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Állan da Silva Pires
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - William Farias Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Porto Reports, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Osmar Nascimento Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
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24
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Liu L, Wu R, Zhang J, Li P. Overexpression of luxS Promotes Stress Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Lactobacillus paraplantarum L-ZS9 by Regulating the Expression of Multiple Genes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2628. [PMID: 30483223 PMCID: PMC6240686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have evoked great interest in the past years for their beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether luxS overexpression promotes the stress resistance of Lactobacillus paraplantarum L-ZS9. Here we show that overexpression of luxS gene increased the production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2, quorum sensing signal molecule) by L. paraplantarum L-ZS9. At the same time, overexpression of luxS promoted heat-, bile salt-resistance and biofilm formation of the strain. RNAseq results indicated that multiple genes encoding transporters, membrane proteins, and transcriptional regulator were regulated by luxS. These results reveal a new role for LuxS in promoting stress resistance and biofilm formation of probiotic starter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyun Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinglan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Chen XP, Ali L, Wu LY, Liu C, Gang CX, Huang QF, Ruan JH, Bao SY, Rao YP, Yu D. Biofilm Formation Plays a Role in the Formation of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Toward Nutrients in Microcosm Experiments. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:367. [PMID: 29552003 PMCID: PMC5840168 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, microcosms were established to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming abilities of Escherichia coli. The expression of biofilm-formation-related genes was detected to establish correlations between genotype and phenotype. Different concentrations of N and P were added to make one control group and four treatment groups. The glass tube method was used to determine biofilm-forming capabilities. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA abundance of six biofilm-formation-related genes in E. coli. No resistant strains were isolated from the control group; meanwhile, multidrug resistance rates were high in the treatment groups. Expression of the biofilm-associated genes luxS, flhD, fliA, motA, and fimH was detected in all treatment groups; however, there was no expression of mqsR. The expression of luxS, flhD, fliA, motA, and fimH significantly correlated with the concentration of N and P, as well as with the appearance and duration of multidrug resistance in different groups. Overall, the results of this study suggest that biofilm-forming ability plays a key role in the formation of multidrug resistance in E. coli after the addition of N and P to a microcosm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu P Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Li-Yun Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Can Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen X Gang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi F Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing H Ruan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Song Y Bao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun P Rao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - DaoJin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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26
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Jani S, Seely AL, Peabody V GL, Jayaraman A, Manson MD. Chemotaxis to self-generated AI-2 promotes biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1778-1790. [PMID: 29125461 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Responses to the interspecies quorum-sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) regulate the patterns of gene expression that promote biofilm development. Escherichia coli also senses AI-2 as a chemoattractant, a response that requires the periplasmic AI-2-binding protein LsrB and the chemoreceptor Tsr. Here, we confirm, as previously observed, that under static conditions highly motile E. coli cells self-aggregate and form surface-adherent structures more readily than cells lacking LsrB and Tsr, or than ΔluxS cells unable to produce AI-2. This difference is observed both at 37 and 30 °C. Cells deleted for the genes encoding the lsrACDBFG operon repressor (ΔlsrR), or the AI-2 kinase (ΔlsrK), or an AI-2 uptake channel protein (ΔlsrC), or an AI-2 metabolism enzyme (ΔlsrG) are also defective in biofilm formation. The Δtsr and ΔlsrB cells are totally defective in AI-2 chemotaxis, whereas the other mutants show normal or near-normal chemotaxis to external gradients of AI-2. These data demonstrate that chemotaxis to external AI-2 is necessary but not sufficient to induce the full range of density-dependent behaviours that are required for optimal biofilm formation. We also demonstrate that, compared to other binding-protein-dependent chemotaxis systems in E. coli, low levels (on the order of ~250 molecules of periplasmic LsrB per wild-type cell and as low as ~50 molecules per cell in some mutants) are adequate for a strong chemotaxis response to external gradients of AI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Jani
- Department of Biology, 3258 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
| | - Andrew L Seely
- Department of Biology, 3258 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
| | - George L Peabody V
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 3122 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 3122 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA
| | - Michael D Manson
- Department of Biology, 3258 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
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Analysis of Shigella flexneri Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Transcriptional Profile in Response to Bile Salts. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01067-16. [PMID: 28348056 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01067-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Shigella species cause millions of cases of watery or bloody diarrhea each year, mostly in children in developing countries. While many aspects of Shigella colonic cell invasion are known, crucial gaps in knowledge regarding how the bacteria survive, transit, and regulate gene expression prior to infection remain. In this study, we define mechanisms of resistance to bile salts and build on previous research highlighting induced virulence in Shigella flexneri strain 2457T following exposure to bile salts. Typical growth patterns were observed within the physiological range of bile salts; however, growth was inhibited at higher concentrations. Interestingly, extended periods of exposure to bile salts led to biofilm formation, a conserved phenotype that we observed among members of the Enterobacteriaceae Characterization of S. flexneri 2457T biofilms determined that both bile salts and glucose were required for formation, dispersion was dependent upon bile salts depletion, and recovered bacteria displayed induced adherence to HT-29 cells. RNA-sequencing analysis verified an important bile salt transcriptional profile in S. flexneri 2457T, including induced drug resistance and virulence gene expression. Finally, functional mutagenesis identified the importance of the AcrAB efflux pump and lipopolysaccharide O-antigen synthesis for bile salt resistance. Our data demonstrate that S. flexneri 2457T employs multiple mechanisms to survive exposure to bile salts, which may have important implications for multidrug resistance. Furthermore, our work confirms that bile salts are important physiological signals to activate S. flexneri 2457T virulence. This work provides insights into how exposure to bile likely regulates Shigella survival and virulence during host transit and subsequent colonic infection.
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28
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Xiao X, Zhu WW, Liu QY, Yuan H, Li WW, Wu LJ, Li Q, Yu HQ. Impairment of Biofilm Formation by TiO 2 Photocatalysis through Quorum Quenching. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11895-11902. [PMID: 27690228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The release of nanomaterials into the environment, due to their massive production and application today, has caused ecological and health safety concerns. Semiconductor photocatalysts like TiO2 exhibit cytotoxicity to bacterial cells when exposed to UV irradiation. However, information about their impacts on individual or group bacterial behaviors is limited. In this work, the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli K12 in the presence of TiO2 with and without UV irradiation was investigated and biofilm formation was found not to be affected under the sole application of TiO2 or UV irradiation. However, biofilm development was substantially delayed by TiO2 under UV irradiation, although no obvious cytotoxicity to cell growth was observed. The reactive oxygen species photogenerated by TiO2 were found to quench the autoinducer 2 (AI-2) signals secreted by E. coli K12. As a result, the initiation of quorum sensing for biofilm formation activated by AI-2 was restrained. The expressions of two biofilm-formation-related genes, motA and rcsB, were also suppressed. A dose of an AI-2 precursor, 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione, effectively restored the biofilm development. These results show that the photoexcited TiO2 could suppress biofilm formation through quenching AI-2 signals. This work may facilitate a better understanding about the ecological effects of increasingly released nanomaterials and provide implications for development of antifouling membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- School of The Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhu
- School of The Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Liu
- School of The Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Technical Biology & Agriculture Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Institute of Technical Biology & Agriculture Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of The Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
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29
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Coughlan LM, Cotter PD, Hill C, Alvarez-Ordóñez A. New Weapons to Fight Old Enemies: Novel Strategies for the (Bio)control of Bacterial Biofilms in the Food Industry. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1641. [PMID: 27803696 PMCID: PMC5067414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial communities characterized by their adhesion to solid surfaces and the production of a matrix of exopolymeric substances, consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, DNA and lipids, which surround the microorganisms lending structural integrity and a unique biochemical profile to the biofilm. Biofilm formation enhances the ability of the producer/s to persist in a given environment. Pathogenic and spoilage bacterial species capable of forming biofilms are a significant problem for the healthcare and food industries, as their biofilm-forming ability protects them from common cleaning processes and allows them to remain in the environment post-sanitation. In the food industry, persistent bacteria colonize the inside of mixing tanks, vats and tubing, compromising food safety and quality. Strategies to overcome bacterial persistence through inhibition of biofilm formation or removal of mature biofilms are therefore necessary. Current biofilm control strategies employed in the food industry (cleaning and disinfection, material selection and surface preconditioning, plasma treatment, ultrasonication, etc.), although effective to a certain point, fall short of biofilm control. Efforts have been explored, mainly with a view to their application in pharmaceutical and healthcare settings, which focus on targeting molecular determinants regulating biofilm formation. Their application to the food industry would greatly aid efforts to eradicate undesirable bacteria from food processing environments and, ultimately, from food products. These approaches, in contrast to bactericidal approaches, exert less selective pressure which in turn would reduce the likelihood of resistance development. A particularly interesting strategy targets quorum sensing systems, which regulate gene expression in response to fluctuations in cell-population density governing essential cellular processes including biofilm formation. This review article discusses the problems associated with bacterial biofilms in the food industry and summarizes the recent strategies explored to inhibit biofilm formation, with special focus on those targeting quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Coughlan
- Teagasc Food Research CentreCork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research CentreCork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome InstituteCork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome InstituteCork, Ireland
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30
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Lee K, Lee S, Lee SH, Kim SR, Oh HS, Park PK, Choo KH, Kim YW, Lee JK, Lee CH. Fungal Quorum Quenching: A Paradigm Shift for Energy Savings in Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) for Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10914-10922. [PMID: 27634354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the use of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for advanced wastewater treatment and reuse have been expanded continuously, but they still suffer from excessive energy consumption resulting from the intrinsic problem of membrane biofouling. One of the major causes of biofouling in MBRs is bacterial quorum sensing (QS) via N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and/or autoinducer-2 (AI-2), enabling intra- and interspecies communications, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that farnesol can substantially mitigate membrane biofouling in a MBR due to its quorum quenching (QQ) activity. When Candida albicans (a farnesol producing fungus) entrapping polymer beads (AEBs) were placed in the MBR, the rate of transmembrane pressure (TMP) rise-up was substantially decreased, even for lower aeration intensities. This finding corresponds to a specific aeration energy savings of approximately 40% (25% through the physical washing effect and a further 15% through the biological QQ effect of AEBs) compared to conventional MBRs without AEBs. A real-time RT-qPCR analysis revealed that farnesol secreted from C. albicans mitigated the biofilm formation in MBRs via the suppression of AI-2 QS. Successful control of biofouling and energy savings through fungal-to-bacterial QQ could be expanded to the plant scale for MBRs in wastewater treatment with economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibaek Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonki Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ryoung Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung-Kyu Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University , Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Choo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Won Kim
- Department of Biomedicinal Science and Biotechnology, Paichai University , Daejeon 35345, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kee Lee
- Department of Biomedicinal Science and Biotechnology, Paichai University , Daejeon 35345, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hak Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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31
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Wang Y, Yi L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cai Y, Zhao W, Ding C. Isolation, phylogenetic group, drug resistance, biofilm formation, and adherence genes of Escherichia coli from poultry in central China. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2895-2901. [PMID: 27597777 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation and identification, genetic typing, antibiotic sensitivity, and biofilm formation of avian Escherichia coli in central China was studied. A total of 256 isolates of E. coli were obtained, and classified into groups: A (50.78%, 130/256), B1 (11.72%, 30/256), B2 (17.58%, 45/256), and D (19.92%, 51/256). Drug susceptibility testing revealed that the strains showed a high drug resistance rate against penicillin, aztreonam, rifampicin, kanamycin, clindamycin, and gentamicin, with 92.19% of strains exhibiting multi-drug resistance. A biofilm assay revealed that 81.64% of isolates could form biofilms. Of the total isolates, 25.39% of isolates showed strong biofilm-formation ability, 31.25% showed moderate biofilm-formation ability, 28.90% showed weak biofilm-formation ability, and 18.36% were unable to form biofilms. Most adhesion-associated genes were distributed among 5 or 8 genes in strong biofilm-forming ability isolates. However, adhesion-associated genes distributed among 1 or 4 genes were found in weak biofilm-forming ability isolates and non-ability isolates. The results showed a high drug resistance rate and biofilm formation ability in E.coli strains isolated from poultry. The isolates which have strong biofilm-forming ability were mostly belong to pathogenic E. coli (B2, D). Furthermore, it was the first report to demonstrate a positive correlation between adhesion-encoding genes and biofilms phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China .,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200032,China.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, USA
| | - Li Yi
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, USA
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, USA
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200032,China
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32
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Mitra A, Herren CD, Patel IR, Coleman A, Mukhopadhyay S. Integration of AI-2 Based Cell-Cell Signaling with Metabolic Cues in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157532. [PMID: 27362507 PMCID: PMC4928848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The quorum sensing molecule Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is generated as a byproduct of activated methyl cycle by the action of LuxS in Escherichia coli. AI-2 is synthesized, released and later internalized in a cell-density dependent manner. Here, by mutational analysis of the genes, uvrY and csrA, we describe a regulatory circuit of accumulation and uptake of AI-2. We constructed a single-copy chromosomal luxS-lacZ fusion in a luxS+ merodiploid strain and evaluated its relative expression in uvrY and csrA mutants. At the entry of stationary phase, the expression of the fusion and AI-2 accumulation was positively regulated by uvrY and negatively regulated by csrA respectively. A deletion of csrA altered message stability of the luxS transcript and CsrA protein exhibited weak binding to 5’ luxS regulatory region. DNA protein interaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed direct interaction of UvrY with the luxS promoter. Additionally, reduced expression of the fusion in hfq deletion mutant suggested involvement of small RNA interactions in luxS regulation. In contrast, the expression of lsrA operon involved in AI-2 uptake, is negatively regulated by uvrY and positively by csrA in a cell-density dependent manner. The dual role of csrA in AI-2 synthesis and uptake suggested a regulatory crosstalk of cell signaling with carbon regulation in Escherichia coli. We found that the cAMP-CRP mediated catabolite repression of luxS expression was uvrY dependent. This study suggests that luxS expression is complex and regulated at the level of transcription and translation. The multifactorial regulation supports the notion that cell-cell communication requires interaction and integration of multiple metabolic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mitra
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Herren
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isha R. Patel
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adam Coleman
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ye Y, Jiao R, Gao J, Li H, Ling N, Wu Q, Zhang J, Xu X. Proteins involved in responses to biofilm and planktonic modes in Cronobacter sakazakii. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Abstract
The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori forms biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces. We have shown previously that H. pylori perceives the quorum signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) as a chemorepellent. We report here that H. pylori chemorepulsion from endogenous AI-2 influences the proportions and spatial organization of cells within biofilms. Strains that fail to produce AI-2 (∆luxS strains) or are defective for chemotaxis (∆cheA strains) formed more spatially homogenous biofilms with a greater proportion of adherent versus planktonic cells than wild-type biofilms. Reciprocally, a strain that overproduced AI-2 (luxSOP) formed biofilms with proportionally fewer adherent cells. Along with the known AI-2 chemoreceptor, TlpB, we identified AibA and AibB, two novel periplasmic binding proteins that are required for the AI-2 chemorepulsion response. Disruptions in any of the proteins required for AI-2 chemotaxis recapitulated the biofilm adherence and spatial organization phenotype of the ∆luxS mutant. Furthermore, exogenous administration of AI-2 was sufficient to decrease the proportion of adherent cells in biofilms and promote dispersal of cells from biofilms in a chemotaxis-dependent manner. Finally, we found that disruption of AI-2 production or AI-2 chemotaxis resulted in increased clustering of cells in microcolonies on cultured epithelial cells. We conclude that chemotaxis from AI-2 is a determinant of H. pylori biofilm spatial organization and dispersal. Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, but the mechanisms governing their assembly and spatial organization are not fully understood. Bacterial communication through quorum sensing has been shown to influence biofilm growth through the regulation of biofilm genes. Our study revealed a new role for quorum sensing in biofilms through rapid chemotactic responses to quorum signals. Specifically, we studied how chemorepulsion of Helicobacter pylori from the universal quorum signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) shapes the spatial organization of its biofilms. We demonstrate that the chemorepulsive response of H. pylori to AI-2 is necessary to promote its dispersal from biofilms grown on both abiotic and biotic surfaces and is sufficient to promote dispersal in a chemotaxis-dependent manner. This work has broad implications for understanding the mechanisms by which endogenously produced microbial compounds shape the assembly and spatial organization of microbial communities in their environments.
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Kouzuma A, Oba H, Tajima N, Hashimoto K, Watanabe K. Electrochemical selection and characterization of a high current-generating Shewanella oneidensis mutant with altered cell-surface morphology and biofilm-related gene expression. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:190. [PMID: 25028134 PMCID: PMC4112983 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 exhibits extracellular electron transfer (EET) activity that is influenced by various cellular components, including outer-membrane cytochromes, cell-surface polysaccharides (CPS), and regulatory proteins. Here, a random transposon-insertion mutant library of S. oneidensis MR-1 was screened after extended cultivation in electrochemical cells (ECs) with a working electrode poised at +0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) to isolate mutants that adapted to electrode-respiring conditions and identify as-yet-unknown EET-related factors. Results Several mutants isolated from the enrichment culture exhibited rough morphology and extraordinarily large colonies on agar plates compared to wild-type MR-1. One of the isolated mutants, designated strain EC-2, produced 90% higher electric current than wild-type MR-1 in ECs and was found to have a transposon inserted in the SO_1860 (uvrY) gene, which encodes a DNA-binding response regulator of the BarA/UvrY two-component regulatory system. However, an in-frame deletion mutant of SO_1860 (∆SO_1860) did not exhibit a similar level of current generation as that of EC-2, suggesting that the enhanced current-generating capability of EC-2 was not simply due to the disruption of SO_1860. In both EC-2 and ∆SO_1860, the transcription of genes related to CPS synthesis was decreased compared to wild-type MR-1, suggesting that CPS negatively affects current generation. In addition, transcriptome analyses revealed that a number of genes, including those involved in biofilm formation, were differentially expressed in EC-2 compared to those in ∆SO_1860. Conclusions The present results indicate that the altered expression of the genes related to CPS biosynthesis and biofilm formation is associated with the distinct morphotype and high current-generating capability of strain EC-2, suggesting an important role of these genes in determining the EET activity of S. oneidensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kouzuma
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhu S, Wu H, Zeng M, Zunying L, Zhao Y, Dong S. Regulation of Spoilage-Related Activities of S
hewanella putrefaciens
and S
hewanella baltica
by an Autoinducer-2 Analogue, (Z)-5-(Bromomethylene)furan-2(5H)-One. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Liu Zunying
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
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37
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Halder P, Nasabi M, Lopez FJT, Jayasuriya N, Bhattacharya S, Deighton M, Mitchell A, Bhuiyan MA. A novel approach to determine the efficacy of patterned surfaces for biofouling control in relation to its microfluidic environment. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:697-713. [PMID: 23789960 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.800192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling, the unwanted growth of sessile microorganisms on submerged surfaces, presents a serious problem for underwater structures. While biofouling can be controlled to various degrees with different microstructure-based patterned surfaces, understanding of the underlying mechanism is still imprecise. Researchers have long speculated that microtopographies might influence near-surface microfluidic conditions, thus microhydrodynamically preventing the settlement of microorganisms. It is therefore very important to identify the microfluidic environment developed on patterned surfaces and its relation with the antifouling behaviour of those surfaces. This study considered the wall shear stress distribution pattern as a significant aspect of this microfluidic environment. In this study, patterned surfaces with microwell arrays were assessed experimentally with a real-time biofilm development monitoring system using a novel microchannel-based flow cell reactor. Finally, computational fluid dynamics simulations were carried out to show how the microfluidic conditions were affecting the initial settlement of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Halder
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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