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Holden ER, Abi Assaf J, Al-Khanaq H, Vimont N, Webber MA, Trampari E. Identification of pathways required for Salmonella to colonize alfalfa using TraDIS- Xpress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0013924. [PMID: 38904400 PMCID: PMC11267905 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00139-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella, have been linked to numerous fresh produce outbreaks, posing a significant public health threat. The ability of Salmonella to persist on fresh produce for extended periods is partly attributed to its capacity to form biofilms, which pose a challenge to food decontamination and can increase pathogenic bacterial load in the food chain. Preventing Salmonella colonization of food products and food processing environments is crucial for reducing the incidence of foodborne outbreaks. Understanding the mechanisms of establishment on fresh produce will inform the development of decontamination approaches. We used Transposon-Directed Insertion site Sequencing (TraDIS-Xpress) to investigate the mechanisms used by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to colonize and establish on fresh produce over time. We established an alfalfa colonization model and compared the findings to those obtained from glass surfaces. Our research identified distinct mechanisms required for Salmonella establishment on alfalfa compared with glass surfaces over time. These include the type III secretion system (sirC), Fe-S cluster assembly (iscA), curcumin degradation (curA), and copper tolerance (cueR). Shared pathways across surfaces included NADH hydrogenase synthesis (nuoA and nuoB), fimbrial regulation (fimA and fimZ), stress response (rpoS), LPS O-antigen synthesis (rfbJ), iron acquisition (ybaN), and ethanolamine utilization (eutT and eutQ). Notably, flagellum biosynthesis differentially impacted the colonization of biotic and abiotic environments over time. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of Salmonella establishment on both biotic and abiotic surfaces over time offers valuable insights that can inform the development of targeted antibacterial therapeutics, ultimately enhancing food safety throughout the food processing chain. IMPORTANCE Salmonella is the second most costly foodborne illness in the United Kingdom, accounting for £0.2 billion annually, with numerous outbreaks linked to fresh produce, such as leafy greens, cucumbers, tomatoes, and alfalfa sprouts. The ability of Salmonella to colonize and establish itself in fresh produce poses a significant challenge, hindering decontamination efforts and increasing the risk of illness. Understanding the key mechanisms of Salmonella to colonize plants over time is key to finding new ways to prevent and control contamination of fresh produce. This study identified genes and pathways important for Salmonella colonization of alfalfa and compared those with colonization of glass using a genome-wide screen. Genes with roles in flagellum biosynthesis, lipopolysaccharide production, and stringent response regulation varied in their significance between plants and glass. This work deepens our understanding of the requirements for plant colonization by Salmonella, revealing how gene essentiality changes over time and in different environments. This knowledge is key to developing effective strategies to reduce the risk of foodborne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Holden
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Abi Assaf
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Haider Al-Khanaq
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Noemie Vimont
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Eleftheria Trampari
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Guo X, Qi Z, Li J, Tong H, Ren N, You S. Overlooked volcanic effect during transmission of antibiotic resistance genes induced by copper and zinc. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142713. [PMID: 38944351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Adding heavy metals such as copper and zinc to animal feeds is common practice to promote growth, but meanwhile has side consequence of enhancing spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil. This presents a global challenge to food security and human health. We in this study investigated the transmission of typical ARGs, i. e. β-lactamase genes (β-RGs), in dairy farm environments where dietary Cu and Zn were present in a wide range of concentration. The β-RGs were demonstrated to be highly prevalent across environmental media, with a relative abundance of 94.55%, dominated by mechanisms of antibiotic deactivation (93.75%) and cellular protection (6.25%). More importantly, we first found the transmission of ARGs to be highly dependent on the overlooked volcanic effect, i. e. low-concentration Cu (12-22 mg/kg) and Zn (45-80 mg/kg) acted as micronutrients necessary for microbial growth but facilitated ARGs transfer, whereas higher-concentration Cu (22-39 mg/kg) and Zn (80-153 mg/kg) became toxic to microbial communities and gene expression patterns. Notably, the specific microbial phyla Proteobacteria (2.28-82.94%), Bacteroidetes (0.02-56.48%) and Actinobacteria (1.62-12.92%) exhibited resistance at low concentration of Cu and Zn, which enhanced the transmission of β-RGs. However, this process was inhibited at higher concentration due to inactivation of microbes by Cu and Zn. The increase in resistance was first observed in class Gammaproteobacteria (2.02-88.51%) and Alphaproteobacteria (0.68-10.1%) with increased Cu and Zn concentration. This resulted in heightened transfer of ARGs by tnpA-07 (80.35%) due to protection of thicker cell membrane by chelation with Cu and Zn. This study not only offers mechanistic insights into the volcanic effect of dietary metals on dissemination of ARGs, but also has important implications for safe management of agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Guo
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China; School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, PR China
| | - Zheng Qi
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Junsheng Li
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, PR China
| | - Hailong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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Zhang H, Sun B, Wu W, Li Y, Yin Z, Lu C, Zhao H, Kong L, Ding X. The MYB transcription factor OsMYBxoc1 regulates resistance to Xoc by directly repressing transcription of the iron transport gene OsNRAMP5 in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100859. [PMID: 38444161 PMCID: PMC11211514 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is a continuous threat to rice cultivation, leading to substantial yield losses with socioeconomic implications. Iron ions are essential mineral nutrients for plant growth, but little information is available on how they influence mechanisms of rice immunity against Xoc. Here, we investigated the role of the myeloblastosis-related (MYB) transcriptional repressor OsMYBxoc1 in modulation of rice resistance through control of iron ion transport. Overexpression of OsMYBxoc1 significantly increased rice resistance, whereas OsMYBxoc1 RNA-interference lines and knockout mutants showed the opposite result. Suppression of OsMYBxoc1 expression dampened the immune response induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. We demonstrated that OsMYBxoc1 binds specifically to the OsNRAMP5 promoter and represses transcription of OsNRAMP5. OsNRAMP5, a negative regulator of rice resistance to bacterial leaf streak, possesses metal ion transport activity, and inhibition of OsMYBxoc1 expression increased the iron ion content in rice. Activity of the ion-dependent H2O2 scavenging enzyme catalase was increased in plants with suppressed expression of OsMYBxoc1 or overexpression of OsNRAMP5. We found that iron ions promoted Xoc infection and interfered with the production of reactive oxygen species induced by Xoc. The type III effector XopAK directly inhibited OsMYBxoc1 transcription, indicating that the pathogen may promote its own proliferation by relieving restriction of iron ion transport in plants. In addition, iron complemented the pathogenicity defects of the RS105_ΔXopAK mutant strain, further confirming that iron utilization by Xoc may be dependent upon XopAK. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which OsMYBxoc1 modulates rice resistance by regulating iron accumulation and demonstrates that Xoc can accumulate iron ions by secreting the effector XopAK to promote its own infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Baolong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lingguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Jo DM, Jung WK, Kim YM. Roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa siderophores in interaction with prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Res Microbiol 2024:104211. [PMID: 38734157 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that produces two types of siderophores, pyoverdine and pyochelin, that play pivotal roles in iron scavenging from the environment and host cells. P. aeruginosa siderophores can serve as virulence factors and perform various functions. Several bacterial and fungal species are likely to interact with P. aeruginosa due to its ubiquity in soil and water as well as its potential to cause infections in plants, animals, and humans. Siderophores produced by P. aeruginosa play critical roles in iron scavenging for prokaryotic species (bacteria) and eukaryotic hosts (fungi, animals, insects, invertebrates, and plants) as well. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the role of P. aeruginosa siderophores in interaction with prokaryotes and eukaryotes as well as their underlying mechanisms of action. The evolutionary relationship between P. aeruginosa siderophore recognition receptors, such as FpvA, FpvB, and FptA, and those of other bacterial species has also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University. Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Min Jo
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seochun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Terazawa Y, Tsuzuki M, Nakajima H, Inoue K, Tateda S, Kiba A, Ohnishi K, Kai K, Hikichi Y. The Micacocidin Production-Related RSc1806 Deletion Alters the Quorum Sensing-Dependent Gene Regulation of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Strain OE1-1. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:467-476. [PMID: 38805410 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-23-0203-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The soil-borne phytopathogenic gram-negative bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) produces staphyloferrin B and micacocidin as siderophores that scavenge for trivalent iron (Fe3+) in the environment, depending on the intracellular divalent iron (Fe2+) concentration. The staphyloferrin B-deficient mutant reportedly retains its virulence, but the relationship between micacocidin and virulence remains unconfirmed. To elucidate the effect of micacocidin on RSSC virulence, we generated the micacocidin productivity-deficient mutant (ΔRSc1806) that lacks RSc1806, which encodes a putative polyketide synthase/non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, using the RSSC phylotype I Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1-1. When incubated in the condition without Fe2+, ΔRSc1806 showed significantly lower Fe3+-scavenging activity, compared with OE1-1. Until 8 days after inoculation on tomato plants, ΔRSc1806 was not virulent, similar to the mutant (ΔphcA) missing phcA, which encodes the LysR-type transcriptional regulator PhcA that regulates the expression of the genes responsible for quorum sensing (QS)-dependent phenotypes including virulence. The transcriptome analysis revealed that RSc1806 deletion significantly altered the expression of more than 80% of the PhcA-regulated genes in the mutant grown in medium with or without Fe2+. Among the PhcA-regulated genes, the transcript levels of the genes whose expression was affected by the deletion of RSc1806 were strongly and positively correlated between the ΔRSc1806 and the phcA-deletion mutant. Furthermore, the deletion of RSc1806 significantly modified QS-dependent phenotypes, similar to the effects of the deletion of phcA. Collectively, our findings suggest that the deletion of micacocidin production-related RSc1806 alters the regulation of PhcA-regulated genes responsible for QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence as well as Fe3+-scavenging activity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Terazawa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kanako Inoue
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Sora Tateda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Kiba
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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Iqbal A, Nwokocha G, Tiwari V, Barphagha IK, Grove A, Ham JH, Doerrler WT. A membrane protein of the rice pathogen Burkholderia glumae required for oxalic acid secretion and quorum sensing. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1400-1413. [PMID: 37428013 PMCID: PMC10576180 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial panicle blight is caused by Burkholderia glumae and results in damage to rice crops worldwide. Virulence of B. glumae requires quorum sensing (QS)-dependent synthesis and export of toxoflavin, responsible for much of the damage to rice. The DedA family is a conserved membrane protein family found in all bacterial species. B. glumae possesses a member of the DedA family, named DbcA, which we previously showed is required for toxoflavin secretion and virulence in a rice model of infection. B. glumae secretes oxalic acid as a "common good" in a QS-dependent manner to combat toxic alkalinization of the growth medium during the stationary phase. Here, we show that B. glumae ΔdbcA fails to secrete oxalic acid, leading to alkaline toxicity and sensitivity to divalent cations, suggesting a role for DbcA in oxalic acid secretion. B. glumae ΔdbcA accumulated less acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) QS signalling molecules as the bacteria entered the stationary phase, probably due to nonenzymatic inactivation of AHL at alkaline pH. Transcription of toxoflavin and oxalic acid operons was down-regulated in ΔdbcA. Alteration of the proton motive force with sodium bicarbonate also reduced oxalic acid secretion and expression of QS-dependent genes. Overall, the data show that DbcA is required for oxalic acid secretion in a proton motive force-dependent manner, which is critical for QS of B. glumae. Moreover, this study supports the idea that sodium bicarbonate may serve as a chemical for treatment of bacterial panicle blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - George Nwokocha
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Vijay Tiwari
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Inderjit K. Barphagha
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop PhysiologyLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Anne Grove
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Jong Hyun Ham
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop PhysiologyLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - William T. Doerrler
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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Indore NS, Karunakaran C, Jayas DS, Bondici VF, Vu M, Tu K, Muir D. Mapping biochemical and nutritional changes in durum wheat due to spoilage during storage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22139. [PMID: 38045167 PMCID: PMC10692805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray imaging and spectroscopy techniques were used for studying changes during post-harvest storage of food grains. Three varieties (AAC Spitfire, CDC Defy, and AAC Stronghold) of the Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) wheat class were stored for five weeks at 17 % moisture content (wb). Control (dry) and stored moistened seeds were analyzed for biochemical and nutritional changes using synchrotron bulk X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR-XRF), X-ray fluorescence imaging (SR-XFI), and mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy at the Canadian Light Source (CLS), Saskatoon, SK. All varieties of durum wheat were spoiled at the end of five week, and AAC Spitfire and CDC Defy varieties were most affected in nutritional composition and their distribution than AAC Stronghold. Variable response to changes in biochemical and nutrition were found in all three spoiled varieties of the same durum wheat class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnath S. Indore
- Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Chithra Karunakaran
- Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Digvir S. Jayas
- Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
- President's Office, A762 University Hall, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | | | - Miranda Vu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Kaiyang Tu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - David Muir
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
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Indore NS, Jayas DS, Karunakaran C, Stobbs J, Bondici VF, Vu M, Tu K, Marinos O. Study of Microstructural, Nutritional, and Biochemical Changes in Hulled and Hulless Barley during Storage Using X-ray and Infrared Techniques. Foods 2023; 12:3935. [PMID: 37959054 PMCID: PMC10650746 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Four varieties of barley (Esma, AC Metacalf, Tradition, and AB Cattlelac), representing four Canadian barley classes, were stored at 17% moisture content (mc) for 8 week. Stored barely was characterized using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast microcomputed tomography, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging, and mid-infrared spectroscopy at the Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon. The deterioration was observed in all the selected varieties of barley at the end of 8 week of storage. Changes due to spoilage over time were observed in the grain microstructure and its nutrient distribution and composition. This study underscores the critical importance of the initial condition of barley grain microstructure in determining its storage life, particularly under unfavorable conditions. The hulled barley varieties showed more deterioration in microstructure than the hulless varieties of barley, where a direct correlation between microstructural changes and alterations in nutritional content was found. All selected barley classes showed changes in the distribution of nutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Cu, and Zn), but the two-row AC Metcalf variety exhibited more substantial variations in their nutrient distribution (Zn and Mn) than the other three varieties during storage. The two-row class barley varieties showed more changes in biochemical components (protein, lipids, and carbohydrates) than the six-row class varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnath S. Indore
- Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada; (N.S.I.); (C.K.)
| | - Digvir S. Jayas
- Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada; (N.S.I.); (C.K.)
- President’s Office, A762 University Hall, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Chithra Karunakaran
- Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada; (N.S.I.); (C.K.)
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (J.S.); (V.F.B.); (M.V.); (K.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Jarvis Stobbs
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (J.S.); (V.F.B.); (M.V.); (K.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Viorica F. Bondici
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (J.S.); (V.F.B.); (M.V.); (K.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Miranda Vu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (J.S.); (V.F.B.); (M.V.); (K.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Kaiyang Tu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (J.S.); (V.F.B.); (M.V.); (K.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Omar Marinos
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (J.S.); (V.F.B.); (M.V.); (K.T.); (O.M.)
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Gul Z, Salman M, Khan S, Shehzad A, Ullah H, Irshad M, Zeeshan M, Batool S, Ahmed M, Altaf AA. Single Organic Ligands Act as a Bifunctional Sensor for Subsequent Detection of Metal and Cyanide Ions, a Statistical Approach toward Coordination and Sensitivity. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 36913240 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2186165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of key ions in environmental samples has garnered significant attention in recent years in the pursuit of a cleaner environment for living organisms. Bifunctional and multifunctional sensors, as opposed to single-species sensors, have emerged as a rapidly developing field. Many reports in the literature have documented the use of bifunctional sensors for the subsequent detection of metal and cyanide ions. These sensors, consisting of simple organic ligands, form coordination compounds with transition metal ions, resulting in clear visible or fluorescent changes that facilitate detection. In some cases, a single polymeric material can act as a ligand and coordinate with metal ions, forming a complex that serves as a sensor for cyanide ion detection in biological and environmental samples through various mechanisms. Nitrogen is the most dominant coordinating site in these bifunctional sensors, with the sensitivity of the sensors being directly proportional to the denticities of ligands for metal ions, while for cyanide ions the sensitivity was found independent of the denticity of the ligands. This review covers the progress made in the field over the past fifteen years (2007-2022), with most ligands detecting copper (II) and cyanide ions, but with the capability to detect other metals such as iron, mercury, and cobalt as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarif Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Shehzad
- Center for Chemistry, University of Swat, KPK, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - Hussian Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Motia Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.,Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Tian J, Wang L, Hui S, Yang D, He Y, Yuan M. Cadmium accumulation regulated by a rice heavy-metal importer is harmful for host plant and leaf bacteria. J Adv Res 2023; 45:43-57. [PMID: 35640876 PMCID: PMC10006513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cadmium (Cd), one of the major toxic heavy metals, causes severe deleterious effects on all living organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Cadmium deposition affects bacterial diversity and bacterial population in soil. Cadmium accumulation in plants is mainly controlled by transporters and the resulting Cd enrichment gives rise to phytotoxicity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to mine transporters that control Cd import or accumulation in rice and uncover the underlying mechanisms that how accumulated Cd poses risks to host plant and leaf bacteria. METHODS RNA-seq analysis, histochemical assays, and elemental quantification were carried out to reveal the biological roles of OsABCG43 for Cd import. Pathogen inoculation, IC50 value, and bacterial virulence assays were conducted to disclose the effects of Cd on leaf bacteria. RESULTS OsABCG43 is characterized as a Cd importer controlling Cd accumulation in rice. OsABCG43 was induced under Cd stress and specifically expressed in the vasculature of leaves and roots. Overexpression of OsABCG43 caused Cd accumulation which inhibits photosynthesis and development and alters the antioxidant system, resulting in phytotoxicity. Moreover, overexpression of OsABCG43 resulted in retarded plant growth and enhanced rice sensitivity to Cd stress. Numerous differentially expressed genes were identified via RNA-seq analysis between the OsABCG43-overexpressing plants and wild type, which functioned in Cd or reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. In addition, OsABCG43 transcripts were induced by leaf bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The enriched Cd directly impaired the formation of virulence factors for the leaf bacteria, preventing colonization or proliferation of Xoc or Xoo in rice leaves. CONCLUSION This work reveals that OsABCG43 is expressed specifically in the vascular and plasma membrane-localized OsABCG43 functions as a Cd importer. OsABCG43-mediated import of Cd is harmful for both rice and the corresponding leaf bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shugang Hui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Stefaniak J, Łata B. Growing Season, Cultivar, and Nitrogen Supply Affect Leaf and Fruit Micronutrient Status of Field-Grown Kiwiberry Vines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:138. [PMID: 36616267 PMCID: PMC9824130 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The N uptake can affect kiwiberry yield and quality; however, the relationship between an increasing N dose and micronutrient accumulation in leaves and fruit is still to be elucidated. Interrelationships between essential nutrients are one of the most important issues in terms of effectiveness in plant mineral nutrition. A pattern in leaf nutrient accumulation throughout the growing period is required to indicate a suitable sampling time for the purpose of nutrient diagnostics and controlled plant feeding. The experiment was conducted on two commercially available cultivars of kiwiberry, 'Weiki' and 'Geneva', during the 2015-2016 growing seasons with an increasing soil N fertility (30-50-80 mg N kg-1 soil DW) to test the relationship between soil N level and leaf/fruit micronutrient concentration. The leaf Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations significantly increased with a higher N supply in 'Geneva', while in 'Weiki' only Mn increased. Leaf B, Fe, and Mn gradually increased throughout the growing season, while Cu decreased. Between mid-July and the beginning of August, the lowest fluctuations in the micronutrient contents were recorded. The effect of the growing season on leaf micronutrient accumulation was highly significant; except for Fe, significantly higher micronutrient levels were revealed in 2016. Compared to the leaves, the growing season effect was smaller in the case of fruit micronutrient concentrations. Irrespective of cultivar, the increase in N fertilization resulted in a higher fruit Mn concentration and was insignificant in the case of other micronutrients. The results indicate that the N dose may affect the accumulation of micronutrients within a certain range depending on the tissue type and the genotype.
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12
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Morina F, Küpper H. Trace metals at the frontline of pathogen defence responses in non-hyperaccumulating plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6516-6524. [PMID: 35876626 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal hyperaccumulation is an exclusive evolutionary trait contributing to efficient plant defence against biotic stress. The defence can be based on direct metal toxicity or the joint effects of accumulated metal and organic compounds, the latter being based on integrated signalling networks. While the role of metals in biotic stress defence of hyperaccumulators has been intensively studied, their role in the pathogen immunity of non-accumulator plants is far less understood. New findings show that in metal non-hyperaccumulating plants, localized hot spots of zinc, manganese, and iron increase plant immunity, while manipulation of nutrient availability may be used for priming against subsequent pathogen attack. Recent findings on the role of metals in plant-pathogen interactions are discussed considering the narrow line between deficiency and toxicity, host-pathogen nutrient competition and synergistic effects of simultaneous metal and biotic stress. We discuss the suitability of the direct-defence and joint-effects hypotheses in non-hyperaccumulating plants, and the involvement of metals as active centres of immunity-related enzymes. We also consider future challenges in revealing the mechanisms underlying metal-mediated plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filis Morina
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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13
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Ali O, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J. Transcriptome-wide modulation by Sargassum vulgare and Acanthophora spicifera extracts results in a prime-triggered plant signalling cascade in tomato and sweet pepper. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac046. [PMID: 36483312 PMCID: PMC9724562 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed extracts (SWEs) are becoming integrated into crop production systems due to their multiple beneficial effects including growth promotion and induction of defence mechanisms. However, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms of these effects are yet to be elucidated. The current study investigated the transcriptomic changes induced by SWEs derived from Sargassum vulgare and Acanthophora spicifera on tomato and sweet pepper plants. Tomato and sweet pepper plants were subjected to foliar treatment with alkaline extracts prepared from the above seaweeds. Transcriptome changes in the plants were assessed 72 h after treatments using RNA sequencing. The treated plants were also analysed for defence enzyme activities, nutrient composition and phytohormonal profiles. The results showed the significant enrichment of genes associated with several growth and defence processes including photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, secondary metabolite metabolism, MAPK signalling and amino acid biosynthesis. Activities of defence enzymes were also significantly increased in SWE-treated plants. Plant nutrient profiling showed significant increases in calcium, potassium, nitrogen, sulphur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and phosphorous levels in SWE-treated plants. Furthermore, the levels of auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins were also significantly increased in the treated plants. The severity of bacterial leaf spot and early blight incidence in plants treated with SWE was significantly reduced, in addition to other effects like an increase in chlorophyll content, plant growth, and fruit yield. The results demonstrated the complex effect of S. vulgare and A. spicifera extracts on the plants' transcriptome and provided evidence of a strong role of these extracts in increasing plant growth responses while priming the plants against pathogenic attack simultaneously. The current study contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of SWEs in plants and helps their usage as a viable organic input for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine TTO, 00000, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Adesh Ramsubhag
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine TTO, 00000, Trinidad and Tobago
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Chaudhary P, Agri U, Chaudhary A, Kumar A, Kumar G. Endophytes and their potential in biotic stress management and crop production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933017. [PMID: 36325026 PMCID: PMC9618965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, virus, weeds, insects, and nematodes are the major constrains of stress that tends to increase the reactive oxygen species that affect the physiological and molecular functioning of plants and also led to the decrease in crop productivity. Bacterial and fungal endophytes are the solution to overcome the tasks faced with conventional farming, and these are environment friendly microbial commodities that colonize in plant tissues without causing any damage. Endophytes play an important role in host fitness, uptake of nutrients, synthesis of phytohormone and diminish the injury triggered by pathogens via antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and hormone activation. They are also reported to help plants in coping with biotic stress, improving crops and soil health, respectively. Therefore, usage of endophytes as biofertilizers and biocontrol agent have developed an eco-friendly substitute to destructive chemicals for plant development and also in mitigation of biotic stress. Thus, this review highlighted the potential role of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agent, and in mitigation of biotic stress for maintenance of plant development and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Upasana Agri
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
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15
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Zang H, Ma J, Wu Z, Yuan L, Lin ZQ, Zhu R, Bañuelos GS, Reiter RJ, Li M, Yin X. Synergistic Effect of Melatonin and Selenium Improves Resistance to Postharvest Gray Mold Disease of Tomato Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903936. [PMID: 35812947 PMCID: PMC9257244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a ubiquitous hormone molecule that is commonly distributed in nature. MT not only plays an important role in animals and humans but also has extensive functions in plants. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans, and is a beneficial element in higher plants at low concentrations. Postharvest diseases caused by fungal pathogens lead to huge economic losses worldwide. In this study, tomato fruits were treated with an optimal sodium selenite (20 mg/L) and melatonin (10 μmol/L) 2 h and were stored for 7 days at room temperature simulating shelf life, and the synergistic effects of Se and MT collectively called Se-Mel on gray mold decay in tomato fruits by Botrytis cinerea was investigated. MT did not have antifungal activity against B. cinerea in vitro, while Se significantly inhibited gray mold development caused by B. cinerea in tomatoes. However, the interaction of MT and Se showed significant inhibition of the spread and growth of the disease, showing the highest control effect of 74.05%. The combination of MT with Se treatment enhanced the disease resistance of fruits by improving the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as increasing the gene expression level of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Altogether, our results indicate that the combination of MT and Se would induce the activation of antioxidant enzymes and increase the expression of PR proteins genes that might directly enhance the resistance in tomato fruit against postharvest pathogenic fungus B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture, Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhilin Wu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
| | - Linxi Yuan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Lin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Renbin Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gary S. Bañuelos
- San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA, United States
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Miao Li
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
- The Central Area of Anhui Province Station for Integrative Agriculture, Research Institute of New Rural Development, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture, Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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16
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Srivastava AK, Das AK, Jagannadham PTK, Bora P, Ansari FA, Bhate R. Bioprospecting Microbiome for Soil and Plant Health Management Amidst Huanglongbing Threat in Citrus: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858842. [PMID: 35557712 PMCID: PMC9088001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms have dynamic and complex interactions with their hosts. Diverse microbial communities residing near, on, and within the plants, called phytobiome, are an essential part of plant health and productivity. Exploiting citrus-associated microbiomes represents a scientific approach toward sustained and environment-friendly module of citrus production, though periodically exposed to several threats, with Huanglongbing (HLB) predominantly being most influential. Exploring the composition and function of the citrus microbiome, and possible microbial redesigning under HLB disease pressure has sparked renewed interest in recent times. A concise account of various achievements in understanding the citrus-associated microbiome, in various niche environments viz., rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endosphere, and core microbiota alongside their functional attributes has been thoroughly reviewed and presented. Efforts were also made to analyze the actual role of the citrus microbiome in soil fertility and resilience, interaction with and suppression of invading pathogens along with native microbial communities and their consequences thereupon. Despite the desired potential of the citrus microbiota to counter different pathogenic diseases, utilizing the citrus microbiome for beneficial applications at the field level is yet to be translated as a commercial product. We anticipate that advancement in multiomics technologies, high-throughput sequencing and culturing, genome editing tools, artificial intelligence, and microbial consortia will provide some exciting avenues for citrus microbiome research and microbial manipulation to improve the health and productivity of citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar Srivastava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Das
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Popy Bora
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
| | - Firoz Ahmad Ansari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Ruchi Bhate
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
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17
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Chu C, Huang R, Liu L, Tang G, Xiao J, Yoo H, Yuan M. The rice heavy-metal transporter OsNRAMP1 regulates disease resistance by modulating ROS homoeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1109-1126. [PMID: 35040151 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crop diseases threaten food security and sustainable agriculture. Consumption of crops containing nonessential toxic metals leads to health risks for humans. Therefore, cultivation of disease-resistant and toxic metal-safe crops is a double-gain strategy that can contribute to food security. Here, we show that rice heavy-metal transporter OsNRAMP1 plays an important role in plant immunity by modulating metal ion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homoeostasis. OsNRAMP1 expression was induced after pathogenic bacteria and fungi infections. The osnramp1 mutants had an increased content of H2 O2 and activity of superoxide dismutase, but decreased activity of catalase, showing enhanced broad-spectrum resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens. RNA-seq analysis identified a number of differentially expressed genes that were involved in metal ion and ROS homoeostasis. Altered expression of metal ion-dependent ROS-scavenging enzymes genes and lower accumulation of cations such as Mn together induced compromised metal ion-dependent enzyme-catalysing activity and modulated ROS homoeostasis, which together contributed towards disease resistance in osnramp1 mutants. Furthermore, the osnramp1 mutants contained lower levels of toxic heavy metals Cd and Pb and micronutrients Ni and Mn in leaves and grains. Taken together, a proof of concept was achieved that broad-spectrum disease-resistant and toxic heavy-metal-safe rice was engineered by removal of the OsNRAMP1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guilin Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Seed priming improves salinity tolerance in Calotropis procera (Aiton) by increasing photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activities, and phenolic acids. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Jamil FN, Hashim AM, Yusof MT, Saidi NB. Analysis of soil bacterial communities and physicochemical properties associated with Fusarium wilt disease of banana in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:999. [PMID: 35046475 PMCID: PMC8770495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4) is a soil-borne disease that infects bananas, causing severe economic losses worldwide. To reveal the relationship between bacterial populations and FW, the bacterial communities of healthy and TR4-infected rhizosphere and bulk soils were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Soil physicochemical properties associated with FW were also analyzed. We found the community structure of bacteria in the healthy and TR4 infected rhizosphere was significantly different compared to bulk soil within the same farm. The rhizosphere soils of infected plants exhibited higher richness and diversity than healthy plant with significant abundance of Proteobacteria. In the healthy rhizosphere soil, beneficial bacteria such as Burkholderia and Streptomyces spp. were more abundant. Compared to the infected rhizosphere soil, healthy rhizosphere soil was associated with RNA metabolism and transporters pathways and a high level of magnesium and cation exchange capacity. Overall, we reported changes in the key taxa of rhizospheric bacterial communities and soil physicochemical properties of healthy and FW-infected plants, suggesting their potential role as indicators for plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Nadiah Jamil
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Yusof
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Interactions between Indigenous Endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21 and Nutrients inside Citrus in Reducing Huanglongbing Pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101304. [PMID: 34684254 PMCID: PMC8537819 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) brings a great concern about the phloem nutrient transport in diseased plants. There is an urgent need to find the best management strategies to reduce the losses in the citrus industry worldwide. Endophytic bacteria are negatively affected by CLas pathogen, and these endophytes are associated with improved availability of nutrients and pathogen resistance. This study underpins the relationship between CLas pathogen, endophyte population and nutrients availability in citrus plants. The citrus plants were treated with Bacillus subtilis L1-21 and Hoagland solution to find out synergism efficacy to mitigate citrus HLB. We showed that citrus shoots in the presence of 50% Hoagland solution displayed maximum number of endophytes with 6.28 × 103 to 3.04 × 105 CFU/g. Among 50 candidate strains, B. subtilis L1-21 emerged as potential antagonist against surrogate strain Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The citrus half-leaf method identified that application of endophyte L1-21 with 50% Hoagland solution successfully reduces the CLas abundance. We point out that this combination results in a higher number of endophytes population with 2.52 × 104 to 9.11 × 106 CFU/g after 60 days, and reduces CLas pathogen abundance in asymptomatic HLB plants. In HLB symptomatic citrus plants, B. subtilis L1-21 potentially increases the endophyte population from 1.11 × 104 to 5.26 × 107 CFU/g in the presence of Hoagland solution, and pathogen abundance was reduced from 9.51 × 105 to 1.06 × 104 copies/g. Altogether, we suggested that the presence of endophyte L1-21 with Hoagland solution is more effective in HLB asymptomatic citrus plants, but a slight reduction of pathogen was observed in symptomatic plants. The findings revealed the role of indigenous citrus endophyte B. subtilis L1-21 along with other nutrients in the reduction of CLas pathogen abundance inside symptomatic and asymptomatic plants in citrus endophyte–nutrient–pathogen interplay.
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Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196017. [PMID: 34641561 PMCID: PMC8512582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive approach to the mineral composition of black teas of different origins was studied using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) method, supported by chemometric tools including Principal Component Analysis PCA) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Significant differences between the teas from seven countries (Japan, Nepal, Kenya, Iran, Sri Lanka, India, and China) were shown. K was the main element determined in all teas, with an average concentration of 11,649 mg/kg, followed by Ca, Mg and Mn. In general, regarding all investigated black teas, the element content was ranked in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Na > Zn > Cu. The applied chemometric methods allowed us to recognize black tea clusters based on their mineral composition and place of cultivation, and allowed us to find correlations between particular elements in black teas. The performed analyses revealed interesting correlations between the concentration of various elements in black teas: K was negatively correlated with Na, Fe, Mn and Cu; K was positively correlated with the content of Ca and Mg. Significant positive correlations between Mn and Fe and Mn and Zn in the studied black tea samples were also revealed. It was shown that mineral composition may be a significant factor regarding the origin of the black tea, not only considering the country, but also the region or province.
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Whole Genome Sequencing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Clinical Isolates Reveals Variable Composite SCC mec ACME among Different STs in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091824. [PMID: 34576720 PMCID: PMC8466944 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis has been recently recognized as an emerging nosocomial pathogen. There are concerns over the increasing virulence potential of this commensal due to the capabilities of transferring mobile genetic elements to Staphylococcus aureus through staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) and the closely related arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and the copper and mercury resistance island (COMER). The potential pathogenicity of S. epidermidis, particularly from blood stream infections, has been poorly investigated. In this study, 24 S. epidermidis isolated from blood stream infections from Oman were investigated using whole genome sequence analysis. Core genome phylogenetic trees revealed one third of the isolates belong to the multidrug resistance ST-2. Genomic analysis unraveled a common occurrence of SCCmec type IV and ACME element predominantly type I arranged in a composite island. The genetic composition of ACME was highly variable among isolates of same or different STs. The COMER-like island was absent in all of our isolates. Reduced copper susceptibility was observed among isolates of ST-2 and ACME type I, followed by ACME type V. In conclusion, in this work, we identify a prevalent occurrence of highly variable ACME elements in different hospital STs of S. epidermidis in Oman, thus strongly suggesting the hypothesis that ACME types evolved from closely related STs.
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Caccalano MN, Dilarri G, Zamuner CFC, Domingues DS, Ferreira H. Hexanoic acid: a new potential substitute for copper-based agrochemicals against citrus canker. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2488-2499. [PMID: 34008224 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study is to evaluate hexanoic acid (HA) as an alternative to manage citrus canker. METHODS AND RESULTS The minimal growth inhibitory concentration of HA against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri was determined at 2·15 mmol l-1 using a respiratory activity assay. Growth curves at different pH values showed that growth inhibition was not due to media acidification induced by HA. The germination rate and root elongation of Lactuca sativa seeds exposed to different concentrations of HA (varying from 0·86 to 5·16 mmol l-1 ) were assessed to screen for phytotoxicity. The acid exhibited low phytotoxicity for L. sativa at 1·29 and 2·58 mmol l-1 . To evaluate the ability of HA to protect citrus against X. citri infection, leaves of Citrus sinensis were sprayed with the acid and subsequently challenged with X. citri. HA at 3·44 mmol l-1 was able to protect citrus against infection, showing a reduction of three orders of magnitude in the number of citrus canker lesions per cm2 when compared to the untreated negative control. CONCLUSION HA is a potential alternative to copper for citrus canker management. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY HA inhibits X. citri growth, exhibits low phytotoxicity and is an alternative to copper for the protection of citrus plants against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Caccalano
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - G Dilarri
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - C F C Zamuner
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - D S Domingues
- Department of Biodiversity, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - H Ferreira
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Sun Y, Wang M, Mur LAJ, Shen Q, Guo S. The cross-kingdom roles of mineral nutrient transporters in plant-microbe relations. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:771-784. [PMID: 33341944 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant physiology by plant mineral nutrient transporter (MNT) is well understood. Recently, the extensive characterization of beneficial and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions has defined the roles for MNTs in such relationships. In this review, we summarize the roles of diverse nutrient transporters in the symbiotic or pathogenic relationships between plants and microorganisms. In doing so, we highlight how MNTs of plants and microbes can act in a coordinated manner. In symbiotic relationships, MNTs play key roles in the establishment of the interaction between the host plant and rhizobium or mycorrhizae as well in the subsequent coordinated transport of nutrients. Additionally, MNTs may also regulate the colonization or degeneration of symbiotic microorganisms by reflecting the nutrient status of the plant and soil. This allows the host plant obtain nutrients from the soil in the most optimal manner. With pathogenic-interactions, MNTs influence pathogen proliferation, the efficacy of the host's biochemical defense and related signal transduction mechanisms. We classify the MNT effects in plant-pathogen interactions as either indirect by influencing the nutrient status and fitness of the pathogen, or direct by initiating host defense mechanisms. While such observations indicate the fundamental importance of MNTs in governing the interactions with a range of microorganisms, further work is needed to develop an integrative understanding of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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The Role of a New Compound Micronutrient Multifunctional Fertilizer against Verticillium dahliae on Cotton. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010081. [PMID: 33477774 PMCID: PMC7832308 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae Kleb., the causal pathogen of vascular wilt, can seriously reduce the yield and quality of many crops, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). To control the harm caused by V. dahliae, considering the environmental pollution of chemical fungicides and their residues, the strategy of plant nutrition regulation is becoming increasingly important as an eco-friendly method for disease control. A new compound micronutrient fertilizer (CMF) found in our previous study could reduce the damage of cotton Verticillium wilt and increase yield. However, there is little information about the mode of action of CMF to control this disease. In the present study, we evaluated the role of CMF against V. dahliae and its mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. In the laboratory tests, we observed that CMF could inhibit hyphal growth, microsclerotia germination, and reduce sporulation of V. dahliae. Further studies revealed that the biomass of V. dahliae in the root and hypocotyl of cotton seedlings treated with CMF were significantly reduced compared with the control, and these results could explain the decline in the disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt. Furthermore, those key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, resistance-related genes defense, and nitric oxide signaling pathway were induced in cotton root and hypocotyl tissue when treated with CMF. These results suggest that CMF is a multifaceted micronutrient fertilizer with roles in inhibiting the growth, development, and pathogenicity of V. dahliae and promoting cotton growth.
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Plasmopara viticola infection affects mineral elements allocation and distribution in Vitis vinifera leaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18759. [PMID: 33127977 PMCID: PMC7603344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola is one of the most important pathogens infecting Vitis vinifera plants. The interactions among P. viticola and both susceptible and resistant grapevine plants have been extensively characterised, at transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic levels. However, the involvement of plants ionome in the response against the pathogen has been completely neglected so far. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the possible role of leaf ionomic modulation during compatible and incompatible interactions between P. viticola and grapevine plants. In susceptible cultivars, a dramatic redistribution of mineral elements has been observed, thus uncovering a possible role for mineral nutrients in the response against pathogens. On the contrary, the resistant cultivars did not present substantial rearrangement of mineral elements at leaf level, except for manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). This might demonstrate that, resistant cultivars, albeit expressing the resistance gene, still exploit a pathogen response mechanism based on the local increase in the concentration of microelements, which are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, these data also highlight the link between the mineral nutrition and plants' response to pathogens, further stressing that appropriate fertilization strategies can be fundamental for the expression of response mechanisms against pathogens.
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Abstract
Bacteria must acquire essential nutrients, including zinc, from their environment. For bacterial pathogens, this necessitates overcoming the host metal-withholding response known as nutritional immunity. A novel type of zinc uptake mechanism that involves the bacterial production of a small zinc-scavenging molecule was recently described in the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Yersinia pestis, as well as the soil-associated bacterium Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. This suggests that zincophores may be important for zinc acquisition in diverse environments. In this study, we sought to identify other zincophore-producing bacteria using bioinformatics. We identified almost 250 unique zincophore-producing species, including human and animal pathogens, as well as isolates from soil, rhizosphere, plant, and marine habitats. Crucially, we observed diversity at the amino acid and gene organization levels, suggesting that many of these species are producing unique zincophores. Together, our findings highlight the importance of zincophores for a broad array of bacteria living in diverse environments. Zinc is an essential nutrient in biological systems due to its structural or catalytic requirement in proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. To meet this cellular demand, microbes must acquire sufficient zinc from their environment. However, many environments have low zinc availability. One of the mechanisms used by bacteria to acquire zinc is through the production of small molecules known as zincophores. Similar to bacterial siderophores used for iron uptake, zincophores are synthesized by the bacterium and exported and then reimported as zincophore-zinc complexes. Thus far, only four zincophores have been described, including two from the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in which they play a critical role in zinc acquisition during infection, and one in a soil bacterium. To determine what other microbes may produce zincophores, we used bioinformatic analyses to identify new zincophore biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and predict the diversity of molecules synthesized. Genome neighborhood network analysis identified approximately 250 unique zincophore-producing species from actinobacteria, firmicutes, proteobacteria, and fusobacteria. This indicates that zincophores are produced by diverse bacteria that inhabit a broad range of ecological niches. Many of the BGCs likely produce characterized zincophores, based on similarity to the characterized systems. However, this analysis also identified numerous BGCs that, based on the colocalization of additional modifying enzymes and sequence divergence of the biosynthetic enzymes, are likely to produce unique zincophores. Collectively, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the zincophore biosynthetic landscape that will be invaluable for future research on these important small molecules. IMPORTANCE Bacteria must acquire essential nutrients, including zinc, from their environment. For bacterial pathogens, this necessitates overcoming the host metal-withholding response known as nutritional immunity. A novel type of zinc uptake mechanism that involves the bacterial production of a small zinc-scavenging molecule was recently described in the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Yersinia pestis, as well as the soil-associated bacterium Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. This suggests that zincophores may be important for zinc acquisition in diverse environments. In this study, we sought to identify other zincophore-producing bacteria using bioinformatics. We identified almost 250 unique zincophore-producing species, including human and animal pathogens, as well as isolates from soil, rhizosphere, plant, and marine habitats. Crucially, we observed diversity at the amino acid and gene organization levels, suggesting that many of these species are producing unique zincophores. Together, our findings highlight the importance of zincophores for a broad array of bacteria living in diverse environments.
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Haack SE, Wade L, Förster H, Adaskaveg JE. Epidemiology and Management of Bacterial Spot of Almond Caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, a New Disease in California. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1685-1693. [PMID: 32357121 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2087-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni was first detected on almond in California in 2013, and it is reported herein as a new disease in California based on fulfilling Koch's postulates and identification of the pathogen using species-specific PCR primers. Infected mummified fruit from the previous growing season and their peduncles were identified as primary overwintering sites of the bacterium on the tree. Twig cankers were not observed, and the pathogen was not recovered from dormant buds. Isolation from flowers and emerging leaves was only successful when they were collected within 20 cm of an infected, mummified fruit on the tree. Inoculation of flowers and immature fruit as well as immature and mature leaves resulted in disease development, indicating a long period of host susceptibility in the spring, but disease incidence was highest in fruit inoculations. In split-plot trials over 3 years, dormant applications in December or January with copper or copper-mancozeb significantly reduced the disease compared with untreated controls in seasons with high rainfall, but they had no effect in seasons with low rainfall. In-season applications of copper-mancozeb at petal fall or at full bloom and petal fall were also effective in reducing the disease. Phytotoxicity was observed after repeated applications of copper bactericides, especially in low-rainfall seasons. Dormant and in-season treatments of copper-mancozeb mixtures integrated with removal of mummified fruit are currently the best management strategies for bacterial spot of almond in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Haack
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | | | - Helga Förster
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - James E Adaskaveg
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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Wang R, Huang J, Liang A, Wang Y, Mur LAJ, Wang M, Guo S. Zinc and Copper Enhance Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid by Mediating Its Distribution and Toxicity and Modifying the Antioxidant System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3370. [PMID: 32397623 PMCID: PMC7247006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA), the fungal toxin produced by Fusarium oxysporum, plays a predominant role in the virulence and symptom development of Fusarium wilt disease. As mineral nutrients can be protective agents against Fusarium wilt, hydroponic experiments employing zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) followed by FA treatment were conducted in a glasshouse. FA exhibited strong phytotoxicity on cucumber plants, which was reversed by the addition of Zn or Cu. Thus, Zn or Cu dramatically reduced the wilt index, alleviated the leaf or root cell membrane injury and mitigated against the FA inhibition of plant growth and photosynthesis. Cucumber plants grown with Zn exhibited decreased FA transportation to shoots and a 17% increase in toxicity mitigation and showed minimal hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation level with the increased of antioxidant enzymes activity in both roots and leaves. Cucumber grown with additional Cu absorbed less FA but showed more toxicity mitigation at 20% compared to with additional Zn and exhibited decreased hydrogen peroxide level and increased antioxidant enzymes activity. Thus, adding Zn or Cu can decrease the toxicity of the FA by affecting the absorption or transportation of the FA in plants and mitigate toxicity possibly through chelation. Zn and Cu modify the antioxidant system to scavenge hydrogen peroxide for suppressing FA induction of oxidative damage. Our experiments could provide a theoretical basis for the direct application of micro-fertilizer as protective agents in farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.W.); (J.H.); (A.L.); (Y.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Jian Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.W.); (J.H.); (A.L.); (Y.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Aichen Liang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.W.); (J.H.); (A.L.); (Y.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.W.); (J.H.); (A.L.); (Y.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK;
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.W.); (J.H.); (A.L.); (Y.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.W.); (J.H.); (A.L.); (Y.W.); (S.G.)
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Fernández-Bravo A, Figueras MJ. An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010129. [PMID: 31963469 PMCID: PMC7022790 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species. On the other hand, molecular methods have proven very reliable, such as using the sequences of concatenated housekeeping genes like gyrB and rpoD or comparing the genomes with the type strains using a genomic index, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) or in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH). So far, 36 species have been described in the genus Aeromonas of which at least 19 are considered emerging pathogens to humans, causing a broad spectrum of infections. Having said that, when classifying 1852 strains that have been reported in various recent clinical cases, 95.4% were identified as only four species: Aeromonas caviae (37.26%), Aeromonas dhakensis (23.49%), Aeromonas veronii (21.54%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.07%). Since aeromonads were first associated with human disease, gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and wound infections have dominated. The literature shows that the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas is considered multifactorial and the presence of several virulence factors allows these bacteria to adhere, invade, and destroy the host cells, overcoming the immune host response. Based on current information about the ecology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of the genus Aeromonas, we should assume that the infections these bacteria produce will remain a great health problem in the future. The ubiquitous distribution of these bacteria and the increasing elderly population, to whom these bacteria are an opportunistic pathogen, will facilitate this problem. In addition, using data from outbreak studies, it has been recognized that in cases of diarrhea, the infective dose of Aeromonas is relatively low. These poorly known bacteria should therefore be considered similarly as enteropathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter.
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Liu J, Tian Y, Zhao Y, Zeng R, Chen B, Hu B, Walcott RR. Ferric Uptake Regulator (FurA) is Required for Acidovorax citrulli Virulence on Watermelon. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1997-2008. [PMID: 31454303 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-19-0172-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acidovorax citrulli is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, a serious threat to commercial watermelon and melon crop production worldwide. Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global transcription factor that affects a number of virulence-related functions in phytopathogenic bacteria; however, the role of furA has not been determined for A. citrulli. Hence, we constructed an furA deletion mutant and a corresponding complement in the background of A. citrulli strain xlj12 to investigate the role of the gene in siderophore production, concentration of intracellular Fe2+, bacterial sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, biofilm formation, swimming motility, hypersensitive response induction, and virulence on melon seedlings. The A. citrulli furA deletion mutant displayed increased siderophore production, intracellular Fe2+ concentration, and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, biofilm formation, swimming motility, and virulence on melon seedlings were significantly reduced in the furA mutant. As expected, complementation of the furA deletion mutant restored all phenotypes to wild-type levels. In accordance with the phenotypic results, the expression levels of bfrA and bfrB that encode bacterioferritin, sodB that encodes iron/manganese superoxide dismutase, fliS that encodes a flagellar protein, hrcN that encodes the type III secretion system (T3SS) ATPase, and hrcC that encodes the T3SS outer membrane ring protein were significantly downregulated in the A. citrulli furA deletion mutant. In addition, the expression of feo-related genes and feoA and feoB was significantly upregulated in the furA mutant. Overall, these results indicated that, in A. citrulli, FurA contributes to the regulation of the iron balance system, and affects a variety of virulence-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanli Tian
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Baohui Chen
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Baishi Hu
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ron R Walcott
- Department of Plant Pathology, 4315 Miller Plant Sciences, the University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
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Liu L, Gueguen-Chaignon V, Gonçalves IR, Rascle C, Rigault M, Dellagi A, Loisel E, Poussereau N, Rodrigue A, Terradot L, Condemine G. A secreted metal-binding protein protects necrotrophic phytopathogens from reactive oxygen species. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4853. [PMID: 31649262 PMCID: PMC6813330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few secreted proteins involved in plant infection common to necrotrophic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes have been identified except for plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. Here we study a family of iron-binding proteins that is present in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and some animals. Homolog proteins in the phytopathogenic bacterium Dickeya dadantii (IbpS) and the fungal necrotroph Botrytis cinerea (BcIbp) are involved in plant infection. IbpS is secreted, can bind iron and copper, and protects the bacteria against H2O2-induced death. Its 1.7 Å crystal structure reveals a classical Venus Fly trap fold that forms dimers in solution and in the crystal. We propose that secreted Ibp proteins binds exogenous metals and thus limit intracellular metal accumulation and ROS formation in the microorganisms. The authors identify a family of iron-binding proteins that is present in phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes. Some of these proteins are secreted, bind metals, protect the pathogen from H2O2-induced death, and are involved in plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Isabelle R Gonçalves
- Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Rascle
- Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Martine Rigault
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Alia Dellagi
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Elise Loisel
- Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Poussereau
- Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agnès Rodrigue
- Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Terradot
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086 CNRS, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université de Lyon, 69367, Lyon, France.
| | - Guy Condemine
- Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR 5240 CNRS, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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Shyntum DY, Nkomo NP, Shingange NL, Gricia AR, Bellieny-Rabelo D, Moleleki LN. The Impact of Type VI Secretion System, Bacteriocins and Antibiotics on Bacterial Competition of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and the Regulation of Carbapenem Biosynthesis by Iron and the Ferric-Uptake Regulator. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2379. [PMID: 31681235 PMCID: PMC6813493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of plant microbial communities provides a rich model for investigating biochemical and regulatory strategies involved in interbacterial competition. Within these niches, the soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) represents an emerging group of plant-pathogens causing soft rot/blackleg diseases resulting in economic losses worldwide in a variety of crops. A preliminary screening using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA comparatively analyzing healthy and diseased potato tubers, identified several taxa from Proteobacteria to Firmicutes as potential potato endophytes/plant pathogens. Subsequent to this, a range of molecular and computational techniques were used to determine the contribution of antimicrobial factors such as bacteriocins, carbapenem and type VI secretion system (T6SS), found in an aggressive SRE (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense strain PBR1692 - Pcb1692) against these endophytes/plant pathogens. The results showed growth inhibition of several Proteobacteria by Pcb1692 depends either on carbapenem or pyocin production. Whereas for targeted Firmicutes, only the Pcb1692 pyocin seems to play a role in growth inhibition. Furthermore, production of carbapenem by Pcb1692 was observably dependent on the presence of environmental iron and oxygen. Additionally, upon deletion of fur, slyA and expI regulators, carbapenem production ceased, implying a complex regulatory mechanism involving these three genes. Finally, the results demonstrated that although T6SS confers no relevant advantage during in vitro competition, a significant attenuation in competition by the mutant strain lacking a functional T6SS was observed in planta. IMPORTANCE Soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) represents important phytopathogens causing soft rot/blackleg diseases in a variety of crops leading to huge economic losses worldwide. These pathogens have been isolated alongside other bacteria from different environments such as potato tubers, stems, roots and from the soil. In these environments, SREs coexist with other bacteria where they have to compete for scarce nutrients and other resources. In this report, we show that Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense strain PBR1692 - Pcb1692, which represents one of the SREs, inhibits growth of several different bacteria by producing different antimicrobial compounds. These antimicrobial compounds can be secreted inside or outside the plant host, allowing Pcb1692 to effectively colonize different types of ecological niches. By analyzing the genome sequences of several SREs, we show that other SREs likely deploy similar antimicrobials to target other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine Yufetar Shyntum
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ntombikayise Precious Nkomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ntwanano Luann Shingange
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alessandro Rino Gricia
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel Bellieny-Rabelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Cabot C, Martos S, Llugany M, Gallego B, Tolrà R, Poschenrieder C. A Role for Zinc in Plant Defense Against Pathogens and Herbivores. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1171. [PMID: 31649687 PMCID: PMC6794951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pests and diseases pose a threat to food security, which is nowadays aggravated by climate change and globalization. In this context, agricultural policies demand innovative approaches to more effectively manage resources and overcome the ecological issues raised by intensive farming. Optimization of plant mineral nutrition is a sustainable approach to ameliorate crop health and yield. Zinc is a micronutrient essential for all living organisms with a key role in growth, development, and defense. Competition for Zn affects the outcome of the host-attacker interaction in both plant and animal systems. In this review, we provide a clear framework of the different strategies involving low and high Zn concentrations launched by plants to fight their enemies. After briefly introducing the most relevant macro- and micronutrients for plant defense, the functions of Zn in plant protection are summarized with special emphasis on superoxide dismutases (SODs) and zinc finger proteins. Following, we cover recent meaningful studies identifying Zn-related passive and active mechanisms for plant protection. Finally, Zn-based strategies evolved by pathogens and pests to counteract plant defenses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cabot
- Departament of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Soledad Martos
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Gallego
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Tolrà
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Proença DN, Heine T, Senges CHR, Bandow JE, Morais PV, Tischler D. Bacterial Metabolites Produced Under Iron Limitation Kill Pinewood Nematode and Attract Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2166. [PMID: 31608025 PMCID: PMC6761702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine Wilt Disease (PWD) is caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pinewood nematode, and affects several species of pine trees worldwide. The ecosystem of the Pinus pinaster trees was investigated as a source of bacteria producing metabolites affecting this ecosystem: P. pinaster trees as target-plant, nematode as disease effector and its insect-vector as shuttle. For example, metals and metal-carrying compounds contribute to the complex tree-ecosystems. This work aimed to detect novel secondary metabolites like metallophores and related molecules produced under iron limitation by PWD-associated bacteria and to test their activity on nematodes. After screening 357 bacterial strains from Portugal and United States, two promising metallophore-producing strains Erwinia sp. A41C3 and Rouxiella sp. Arv20#4.1 were chosen and investigated in more detail. The genomes of these strains were sequenced, analyzed, and used to detect genetic potential for secondary metabolite production. A combinatorial approach of liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) linked to molecular networking was used to describe these compounds. Two major metabolites were detected by HPLC analyses and described. One HPLC fraction of strain Arv20#4.1 showed to be a hydroxamate-type siderophore with higher affinity for chelation of Cu. The HPLC fraction of strain A41C3 with highest metal affinity showed to be a catecholate-type siderophore with higher affinity for chelation of Fe. LC-MS allowed the identification of several desferrioxamines from strain Arv20#4.1, in special desferrioxamine E, but no hit was obtained in case of strain A41C3 which might indicate that it is something new. Bacteria and their culture supernatants showed ability to attract C. elegans. HPLC fractions of those supernatant-extracts of Erwinia strain A41C3, enriched with secondary metabolites such as siderophores, were able to kill pinewood nematode. These results suggest that metabolites secreted under iron limitation have potential to biocontrol B. xylophilus and for management of Pine Wilt Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Neves Proença
- Department of Life Sciences and Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christoph H. R. Senges
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paula V. Morais
- Department of Life Sciences and Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Sharma A, Sharma D, Verma SK. Zinc binding proteome of a phytopathogen Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190369. [PMID: 31598288 PMCID: PMC6774946 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) is a proteobacteria which causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) or bacterial chaff disease in wheat and barley. The constant competition for zinc (Zn) metal nutrients contributes significantly in plant-pathogen interactions. In this study, we have employed a systematic in silico approach to study the Zn-binding proteins of Xtu. From the whole proteome of Xtu, we have identified approximately 7.9% of proteins having Zn-binding sequence and structural motifs. Further, 115 proteins were found homologous to plant-pathogen interaction database. Among these 115 proteins, 11 were predicted as putative secretory proteins. The functional diversity in Zn-binding proteins was revealed by functional domain, gene ontology and subcellular localization analysis. The roles of Zn-binding proteins were found to be varied in the range from metabolism, proteolysis, protein biosynthesis, transport, cell signalling, protein folding, transcription regulation, DNA repair, response to oxidative stress, RNA processing, antimicrobial resistance, DNA replication and DNA integration. This study provides preliminary information on putative Zn-binding proteins of Xtu which may further help in designing new metal-based antimicrobial agents for controlling BLS and bacterial chaff infections on staple crops.
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González-Hernández AI, Fernández-Crespo E, Scalschi L, Hajirezaei MR, von Wirén N, García-Agustín P, Camañes G. Ammonium mediated changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolisms induce resistance against Pseudomonas syringae in tomato plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 239:28-37. [PMID: 31177028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Predominant NH4+ nutrition causes an "ammonium syndrome" that induces metabolic changes and thereby provides resistance against Pseudomonas syringae infection through the activation of systemic acquired acclimation (SAA). Hence, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying NH4+-mediated SAA, the changes in nutrient balance and C and N skeletons were studied in NH4+-treated plants upon infection by P. syringae. A general decrease in cation and an increase in anion levels was observed in roots and leaves of NH4+-treated plants. Upon NH4+-based nutrition and infection, tomato leaves showed an accumulation of S, P, Zn, and of Mn. Mn accumulation might be required for ROS detoxification since it acts as a cofactor of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Primary metabolism was modified in both tissues of NH4+-fed plants to counteract NH4+ toxicity by decreasing TCA intermediates. A significant increase in Arg, Gln, Asn, Lys, Tyr, His and Leu was observed in leaves of NH4+-treated plants. The high level of the putrescine precursor Arg hints towards the importance of the Glu pathway as a key metabolic check-point in NH4+-treated and infected plants. Taken together, NH4+-fed plants displayed a high level of basal responses allowing them to activate SAA and to trigger defense responses against P. syringae through nutrient imbalances and changes in primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel González-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Jaume I University, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Emma Fernández-Crespo
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Jaume I University, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Loredana Scalschi
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Jaume I University, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Molecular Plant Nutrition Group, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany.
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition Group, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany.
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Jaume I University, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Jaume I University, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
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Casas-Flores S, Domínguez-Espíndola RB, Camposeco-Solis R, Patrón-Soberano OA, Rodríguez-González V. Unraveling the photoactive annihilation mechanism of nanostructures as effective green tools for inhibiting the proliferation of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2258-2267. [PMID: 36131969 PMCID: PMC9416894 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The infectious proliferation of phytopathogenic microorganisms depends on a complex sequence of biological events involving host defense, environmental conditions, and chemical and physical interactions between the surface of a plant and microorganisms, which in numerous cases display resistance to conventional microbicides. Among these microorganisms, Pseudomonas syringae (P. syringae) is a Gram-negative bacterium that attacks wounded parts of plants before invading healthy tissues. In order to control P. syringae, considering it to be a phytopathogenic model, an effective method featuring silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized on titanate nanotubes (Nts) used as photoactive antibacterial agents was investigated to understand the effective photoactive annihilation mechanism. The high dispersion of AgNPs over the Nts boosted charge carrier separation by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible-light, which stressed the bacteria and enhanced the biocidal effect by quickly preventing the rod-shaped P. syringae bacteria from proliferating. Biological transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed damaged P. syringae cells that underwent the formation of outer membrane vesicles, caused by photo-assisted annihilation, which is considered to be an indication of a critical defense mechanism. The unusual synergistic properties of the Nts, and their low cost and practical synthesis, made these nanocomposites promising green tools that can positively and swiftly photokill P. syringae within 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Casas-Flores
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Division de Biologia Molecular, División de Materiales Avanzados Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. sección 78216 San Luis Potosí S.L.P. México
| | - Ruth B Domínguez-Espíndola
- Posgrado en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca Morelos C.P. 62209 Mexico
| | - Roberto Camposeco-Solis
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Division de Biologia Molecular, División de Materiales Avanzados Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. sección 78216 San Luis Potosí S.L.P. México
| | - Olga A Patrón-Soberano
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Division de Biologia Molecular, División de Materiales Avanzados Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. sección 78216 San Luis Potosí S.L.P. México
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-González
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Division de Biologia Molecular, División de Materiales Avanzados Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. sección 78216 San Luis Potosí S.L.P. México
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Nicolas O, Charles MT, Jenni S, Toussaint V, Parent SÉ, Beaulieu C. The Ionomics of Lettuce Infected by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 30984219 PMCID: PMC6448033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians (Xcv) places a major constraint on lettuce production worldwide. The most sustainable strategy known to date for controlling BLS is the use of resistant cultivars. The nutrient elemental signature (ionome) of ten lettuce cultivars with three levels of resistance was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to determine which nutrient balances are linked to resistance to BLS, and to assess the effect of Xcv infection on the ionome. The elemental concentrations were preprocessed with isometric log-ratios to define nutrient balances. Using this approach, 4 out of 11 univariate nutrient balances were found to significantly influence the resistance of lettuce cultivars to BLS (P < 0.05). These significant balances were the overall nutritional status balancing all measured nutrients with their complementary in the dry mass, as well as balances [Mn | Zn,Cu], [Zn | Cu], and [S,N | P]. Moreover, the infection of lettuce cultivars mostly affected the lettuce ionome on the [N,S | P] balance, where infection tended to lean the balance toward the N,S part relatively to P. This study shows that nutrient uptake in lettuce can be affected by BLS infection and that nutrient status influences resistance to BLS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olbert Nicolas
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Thérèse Charles
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Jenni
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Vicky Toussaint
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Serge-Étienne Parent
- Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Carole Beaulieu
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Secondary Metabolites Profiling of Acinetobacter baumannii Associated with Chili ( Capsicum annuum L.) Leaves and Concentration Dependent Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6951927. [PMID: 30868071 PMCID: PMC6379878 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6951927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary bioactive compounds of endophytes are inevitable biomolecules of therapeutical importance. In the present study, secondary metabolites profiling of an endophytic bacterial strain, Acinetobacter baumannii, were explored using GC-MS study. Presence of antioxidant substances and antioxidant properties in chloroform (CHL), diethyl ether (DEE), and ethyl acetate (EA) crude extracts of the endophytic bacteria were studied. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferrous ion chelating assay were evaluated. A total of 74 compounds were identified from the GC-MS analysis of the EA extract representing mostly alkane compounds followed by phenols, carboxylic acids, aromatic heterocyclic compounds, ketones, aromatic esters, aromatic benzenes, and alkenes. Among the two phenolic compounds, namely, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- and phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, the former was found in abundance (11.56%) while the latter was found in smaller quantity (0.14%). Moreover, the endophytic bacteria was found to possess a number of metal ions including Fe(II) and Cu(II) as 1307.13 ± 2.35 ppb and 42.38 ± 0.352 ppb, respectively. The extracts exhibited concentration dependent antioxidant and prooxidant properties at high and low concentrations, respectively. The presence of phenolic compounds and metal ions was believed to play an important role in the antioxidant and prooxidant potentials of the extracts. Further studies are suggested for exploring the untapped resource of endophytic bacteria for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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RNA Interference: A Natural Immune System of Plants to Counteract Biotic Stressors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010038. [PMID: 30634662 PMCID: PMC6356646 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During plant-pathogen interactions, plants have to defend the living transposable elements from pathogens. In response to such elements, plants activate a variety of defense mechanisms to counteract the aggressiveness of biotic stressors. RNA interference (RNAi) is a key biological process in plants to inhibit gene expression both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally, using three different groups of proteins to resist the virulence of pathogens. However, pathogens trigger an anti-silencing mechanism through the expression of suppressors to block host RNAi. The disruption of the silencing mechanism is a virulence strategy of pathogens to promote infection in the invaded hosts. In this review, we summarize the RNA silencing pathway, anti-silencing suppressors, and counter-defenses of plants to viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens.
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Baldeweg F, Hoffmeister D, Nett M. A genomics perspective on natural product biosynthesis in plant pathogenic bacteria. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:307-325. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes findings from genomics-inspired natural product research in plant pathogenic bacteria and discusses emerging trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Baldeweg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans Knöll Institute
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans Knöll Institute
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Markus Nett
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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43
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Fones HN, Preston GM, Smith JAC. Variation in defence strategies in the metal hyperaccumulator plant Noccaea caerulescens is indicative of synergies and trade-offs between forms of defence. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:172418. [PMID: 30800336 PMCID: PMC6366173 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the metal hyperaccumulator plant Noccaea caerulescens, zinc may provide a defence against pathogens. However, zinc accumulation is a variable trait in this species. We hypothesize that this variability affects the outcome of interactions between metal accumulation and the various constitutive and inducible defences that N. caerulescens shares with non-accumulator plants. We compare zinc concentrations, glucosinolate concentrations and inducible stress responses, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death, in four N. caerulescens populations, and relate these to the growth of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, its zinc tolerance mutants and Pseudomonas pathogens isolated from a natural population of N. caerulescens. The populations display strikingly different combinations of defences. Where defences are successful, pathogens are limited primarily by metals, cell death or organic defences; there is evidence of population-dependent trade-offs or synergies between these. In addition, we find evidence that Pseudomonas pathogens have the capacity to overcome any of these defences, indicating that the arms race continues. These data indicate that defensive enhancement, joint effects and trade-offs between different forms of defence are all plausible explanations for the variation we observe between populations, with factors including metal availability and metal-tolerant pathogen load probably shaping the response of each population to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen N. Fones
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Gail M. Preston
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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Deicke M, Mohr JF, Roy S, Herzsprung P, Bellenger JP, Wichard T. Metallophore profiling of nitrogen-fixingFrankiaspp. to understand metal management in the rhizosphere of actinorhizal plants. Metallomics 2019; 11:810-821. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Frankiaspp. are widespread nitrogen-fixing and metallophore releasing soil bacteria, which often live in symbiosis with a broad spectrum of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Deicke
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Jan Frieder Mohr
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Centre SÈVE
- Département de Biologie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
- Department Lake Research
- 39114 Magdeburg
- Germany
| | | | - Thomas Wichard
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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Nazaré AC, Polaquini CR, Cavalca LB, Anselmo DB, Saiki MDFC, Monteiro DA, Zielinska A, Rahal P, Gomes E, Scheffers DJ, Ferreira H, Regasini LO. Design of Antibacterial Agents: Alkyl Dihydroxybenzoates against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3050. [PMID: 30301234 PMCID: PMC6213047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) causes citrus canker, affecting sweet orange-producing areas around the world. The current chemical treatment available for this disease is based on cupric compounds. For this reason, the objective of this study was to design antibacterial agents. In order to do this, we analyzed the anti-Xcc activity of 36 alkyl dihydroxybenzoates and we found 14 active compounds. Among them, three esters with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values were selected; compounds 4 (52 μM), 16 (80 μM) and 28 (88 μM). Our study demonstrated that alkyl dihydroxybenzoates cause a delay in the exponential phase. The permeability capacity of alkyl dihydroxybenzoates in a quarter of MIC was compared to nisin (positive control). Compound 28 was the most effective (93.8), compared to compound 16 (41.3) and compound 4 (13.9) by percentage values. Finally, all three compounds showed inhibition of FtsZ GTPase activity, and promoted changes in protofilaments, leading to depolymerization, which prevents bacterial cell division. In conclusion, heptyl dihydroxybenzoates (compounds 4, 16 and 28) are promising anti-Xcc agents which may serve as an alternative for the control of citrus canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Nazaré
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Roberto Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Bonci Cavalca
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daiane Bertholin Anselmo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Marilia de Freitas Calmon Saiki
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Diego Alves Monteiro
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Aleksandra Zielinska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
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Nosrati R, Dehghani S, Karimi B, Yousefi M, Taghdisi SM, Abnous K, Alibolandi M, Ramezani M. Siderophore-based biosensors and nanosensors; new approach on the development of diagnostic systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cui Y, Chen CL, Cui M, Zhou WJ, Wu HL, Ling HQ. Four IVa bHLH Transcription Factors Are Novel Interactors of FIT and Mediate JA Inhibition of Iron Uptake in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1166-1183. [PMID: 29960107 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated genetic networks to regulate iron (Fe) homeostasis for their survival. Several classes of plant hormones including jasmonic acid (JA) have been shown to be involved in regulating the expression of iron uptake and/or deficiency-responsive genes in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which JA regulates iron uptake remain unclear. In this study, we found that JA negatively modulates iron uptake by downregulating the expression of FIT (bHLH29), bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, and bHLH101 and promoting the degradation of FIT protein, a key regulator of iron uptake in Arabidopsis. We further demonstrated that the subgroup IVa bHLH proteins, bHLH18, bHLH19, bHLH20, and bHLH25, are novel interactors of FIT, which promote JA-induced FIT protein degradation. These four IVa bHLHs function redundantly to antagonize the activity of the Ib bHLHs (such as bHLH38) in regulating FIT protein stability under iron deficiency. The four IVa bHLH genes are primarily expressed in roots, and are inducible by JA treatment. Moreover, we found that MYC2 and JAR1, two critical components of the JA signaling pathway, play critical roles in mediating JA suppression of the expression of FIT and Ib bHLH genes, whereas they differentially modulate the expression of bHLH18, bHLH19, bHLH20, and bHLH25 to regulate FIT accumulation under iron deficiency. Taken together, these results indicate that by transcriptionally regulating the expression of different sets of bHLH genes JA signaling promotes FIT degradation, resulting in reduced expression of iron-uptake genes, IRT1 and FRO2, and increased sensitivity to iron deficiency. Our data suggest that there is a multilayered inhibition of iron-deficiency response in the presence JA in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Man Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hui-Lan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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48
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Sharma A, Sharma D, Verma SK. In silico Study of Iron, Zinc and Copper Binding Proteins of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lapsa: Emphasis on Secreted Metalloproteins. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1838. [PMID: 30186242 PMCID: PMC6110883 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytopathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lapsa (P. syringae pv. lapsa) infects the staple food crop wheat. Metalloproteins play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions. Hence, the present work is aimed to predict and analyze the iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) binding proteins of P. syringae pv. lapsa which help in its growth, adaptation, survival and pathogenicity. A total of 232 Fe, 307 Zn, and 38 Cu-binding proteins have been identified. The functional annotation, subcellular localization and gene ontology enriched network analysis revealed their role in wide range of biological activities of the phytopathogen. Among the identified metalloproteins, a total of 29 Fe-binding, 31 Zn-binding, and 5 Cu-binding proteins were found to be secreted in nature. These putative secreted metalloproteins may perform diverse cellular and biological functions ranging from transport, response to oxidative stress, proteolysis, antimicrobial resistance, metabolic processes, protein folding and DNA repair. The observations obtained here may provide initial information required to draft new schemes to control microbial infections of staple food crops and will further help in developing sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Shailender K Verma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
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49
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Nobori T, Mine A, Tsuda K. Molecular networks in plant-pathogen holobiont. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1937-1953. [PMID: 29714033 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant immune receptors enable detection of a multitude of microbes including pathogens. The recognition of microbes activates various plant signaling pathways, such as those mediated by phytohormones. Over the course of coevolution with microbes, plants have expanded their repertoire of immune receptors and signaling components, resulting in highly interconnected plant immune networks. These immune networks enable plants to appropriately respond to different types of microbes and to coordinate immune responses with developmental programs and environmental stress responses. However, the interconnectivity in plant immune networks is exploited by microbial pathogens to promote pathogen fitness in plants. Analogous to plant immune networks, virulence-related pathways in bacterial pathogens are also interconnected. Accumulating evidence implies that some plant-derived compounds target bacterial virulence networks. Thus, the plant immune and bacterial virulence networks intimately interact with each other. Here, we highlight recent insights into the structures of the plant immune and bacterial virulence networks and the interactions between them. We propose that small molecules derived from plants and/or bacterial pathogens connect the two molecular networks, forming supernetworks in the plant-bacterial pathogen holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nobori
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Akira Mine
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi-shi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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50
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Purves J, Thomas J, Riboldi GP, Zapotoczna M, Tarrant E, Andrew PW, Londoño A, Planet PJ, Geoghegan JA, Waldron KJ, Morrissey JA. A horizontally gene transferred copper resistance locus confers hyper-resistance to antibacterial copper toxicity and enables survival of community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in macrophages. Environ Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29521441 PMCID: PMC5947656 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Excess copper is highly toxic and forms part of the host innate immune system's antibacterial arsenal, accumulating at sites of infection and acting within macrophages to kill engulfed pathogens. We show for the first time that a novel, horizontally gene transferred copper resistance locus (copXL), uniquely associated with the SCCmec elements of the highly virulent, epidemic, community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) USA300, confers copper hyper-resistance. These genes are additional to existing core genome copper resistance mechanisms, and are not found in typical S. aureus lineages, but are increasingly identified in emerging pathogenic isolates. Our data show that CopX, a putative P1B-3 -ATPase efflux transporter, and CopL, a novel lipoprotein, confer copper hyper-resistance compared to typical S. aureus strains. The copXL genes form an operon that is tightly repressed in low copper environments by the copper regulator CsoR. Significantly, CopX and CopL are important for S. aureus USA300 intracellular survival within macrophages. Therefore, the emergence of new S. aureus clones with the copXL locus has significant implications for public health because these genes confer increased resistance to antibacterial copper toxicity, enhancing bacterial fitness by altering S. aureus interaction with innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Purves
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jamie Thomas
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Gustavo P Riboldi
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Marta Zapotoczna
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Tarrant
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Peter W Andrew
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | | | - Paul J Planet
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan A Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin J Waldron
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Julie A Morrissey
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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