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Martinez G, Zhu J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA, Bellenger JP. Indoor environment, physiological factors, and diet as predictors of halogenated flame retardant levels in stool and plasma of children from a Canadian cohort. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141443. [PMID: 38346512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) has been associated with various adverse effects on human health. Human exposure to HFRs mainly occurs through diet, ingesting contaminated dust, and inhaling contaminated air. Understanding and characterizing the variables linked to these exposure pathways is essential for developing effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies. We investigated indoor environment quality, physiological factors, and diet as potential predictors of HFRs concentration in children's plasma and stool. A selected number of HFRs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Dechlorane-like compounds, and emerging halogenated flame retardants, were measured in children from eastern Quebec (Canada). Information on indoor environment quality, physiological factors, and diet was obtained through self-report questionnaires. Our results show that lower brominated compounds, which are more volatile, were primarily correlated to indoor environment quality. Notably, the use of air purifiers was associated with lower BDE47 and BDE100 levels in blood and newer residential buildings were associated with higher concentrations of BDE47. A significant seasonal variation was found in stool samples, with higher levels of lower brominated PBDEs (BDE47 and BDE100) in samples collected during summer. No association between household income or maternal education degree and HFRs was found. Among emerging compounds, Dec602 and Dec603 were associated with the most variables, including the use of air dehumidifiers, air conditioning, and air purifiers, and the child's age and body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Michel L, Renaudin M, Darnajoux R, Blasi C, Vacherand G, Le Monier P, Houle D, Bellenger JP. Evaluating the effect of moss functional traits and sampling on elemental concentrations in Pleurozium schreberi and Ptilium crista-castrensis in Eastern Canada (Québec) black spruce forest. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167900. [PMID: 37858833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing atmospheric depositions allows evaluating the impact of air pollution on ecosystems, human health, and the economy. It also informs decision-makers about the implementation of regulations improving environmental quality. Biomonitoring uses organisms, such as mosses, as proxies to assess the presence of atmospheric contaminants (e.g., metals). This approach is cost-efficient and does not require complicated infrastructure or scientific skills, making it suitable for large-scale monitoring initiatives and citizen-based campaigns. Therefore, precise sampling protocols are needed to limit bias. Biomonitoring data remains scarce in North America, compared to e.g., Europe, and there is a need to develop large-scale and long-term biomonitoring initiatives to record current and future atmospheric depositions. As there is no standardized international sampling protocol, this study assessed the impact of parameters known to affect the elemental concentration of mosses, using samples collected along a 1000-km transect in Eastern Canada (Quebec) from 2016 to 2022. We specifically examined the effects of species, stem color, canopy opening, time of sampling, and stem length on 18 elements. Non-parametric statistical tests indicate that these factors have significant effects on some metals, but differences are generally low (<30 %), except for stem length. These results suggest that sampling protocols can be flexible in terms of species, canopy opening, time of sampling, and stem color. However, normalizing the length of the stems analyzed is required to account for differences in growth rates between sites. Moreover, since no large-scale biomonitoring campaign using mosses has been conducted in Eastern Canada, this paper also provides the first elemental baseline for moss in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Michel
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Marie Renaudin
- Water Science and Technology Branch, Environnement et Changement Climatique Canada, Montréal H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | | | - Charlotte Blasi
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Vacherand
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Le Monier
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Houle
- Water Science and Technology Branch, Environnement et Changement Climatique Canada, Montréal H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
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Martinez G, Zhu J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA, Bellenger JP. Complementarity of plasma and stool for the characterization of children's exposure to halogenated flame retardants: Update on analytical methods and application to a Canadian cohort. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140222. [PMID: 37734505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen halogenated flame retardants including Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Dechlorane-like compounds, and emerging halogenated flame retardants were measured in stool and plasma samples from children aged 8.9-13.8 years old. Samples were obtained from a Canadian cohort investigating the effect of contaminants on children's neurodevelopment in the Estrie region, Québec, Canada. The method for stool analysis developed for this study showed good recovery for all targeted compounds (73%-93%) with associated relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 16.0%-30.7% for most compounds except for the thermosensitive BDE209, OBTMBI, and BTBPE, which showed slightly higher RSD, i.e., 49.3%, 37.2%, and 34.9% respectively. Complementarity investigation of stool and blood samples allowed us to better characterize human exposure to these halogenated flame retardants. Exposure patterns differed significantly between stool and blood, notably in the relative abundance of BDE47, BDE100, BDE99, and BDE153 and the detection frequencies of BDE209, syn-DP, anti-DP, and DBDPE. There was no correlation between the two matrices' PBDEs concentration levels except for BDE153 (rho = 0.44, p < 0.01). Our results indicate that future epidemiological studies may benefit from the use of stool as a complementary matrix to blood, especially investigations into chemical impacts on the gut microbiome. Results also revealed that children from the GESTE cohort, an Eastern Canadian semi-rural cohort, are exposed to both historical and emergent flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Charron-Lamoureux V, Haroune L, Pomerleau M, Hall L, Orban F, Leroux J, Rizzi A, Bourassa JS, Fontaine N, d'Astous ÉV, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Legault CY, Bellenger JP, Beauregard PB. Pulcherriminic acid modulates iron availability and protects against oxidative stress during microbial interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2536. [PMID: 37137890 PMCID: PMC10156857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are soluble or membrane-embedded molecules that bind the oxidized form of iron, Fe(III), and play roles in iron acquisition by microorganisms. Fe(III)-bound siderophores bind to specific receptors that allow microbes to acquire iron. However, certain soil microbes release a compound (pulcherriminic acid, PA) that, upon binding to Fe(III), forms a precipitate (pulcherrimin) that apparently functions by reducing iron availability rather than contributing to iron acquisition. Here, we use Bacillus subtilis (PA producer) and Pseudomonas protegens as a competition model to show that PA is involved in a peculiar iron-managing system. The presence of the competitor induces PA production, leading to precipitation of Fe(III) as pulcherrimin, which prevents oxidative stress in B. subtilis by restricting the Fenton reaction and deleterious ROS formation. In addition, B. subtilis uses its known siderophore bacillibactin to retrieve Fe(III) from pulcherrimin. Our findings indicate that PA plays multiple roles by modulating iron availability and conferring protection against oxidative stress during inter-species competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lounès Haroune
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Pomerleau
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Léo Hall
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Orban
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Leroux
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Adrien Rizzi
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Bourassa
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Fontaine
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Élodie V d'Astous
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Claude Y Legault
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale B Beauregard
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Hardy F, Takser L, Gillet V, Baccarelli AA, Bellenger JP. Characterization of childhood exposure to environmental contaminants using stool in a semi-urban middle-class cohort from eastern Canada. Environ Res 2023; 222:115367. [PMID: 36709028 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Children are exposed to various environmental organic and inorganic contaminants with effects on health outcomes still largely unknown. Many matrices (e.g., blood, urine, nail, hair) have been used to characterize exposure to organic and inorganic contaminants. The sampling of feces presents several advantages; it is non-invasive and provides a direct evaluation of the gut microbiome exposure to contaminants. The gut microbiome is a key factor in neurological development through the brain-gut axis. Its composition and disturbances can affect the neurodevelopment of children. Characterization of children exposure to contaminants is often performed on vulnerable populations (e.g., from developing countries, low-income neighborhoods, and large urban centers). Data on the exposure of children from middle-class, semi-urban, and mid-size populations to contaminants is scarce despite representing a significant fraction of the population in North America. In this study, 73 organics compounds from different chemical classes and 22 elements were analyzed in 6 years old (n = 84) and 10 years old (n = 119) children's feces from a middle-class, semi-urban, mid-size population cohort from Eastern Canada. Results show that 67 out of 73 targeted organics compounds and all elements were at least detected in one child's feces. Only caffeine (97% & 80%) and acetaminophen (28% & 48%) were detected in more than 25% of the children's feces, whereas all elements besides titanium were detected in more than 50% of the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sherbrooke University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Viginie Gillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sherbrooke University, Quebec, Canada
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Nayrac N, Bellenger JP, Segura PA. Screening of polymer types and chemical weathering in macro- and meso-plastics found on lake and river beaches using a combined chemometric approach. Anal Methods 2022; 14:4977-4989. [PMID: 36441619 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the environment, synthetic polymers, commonly known as "plastics", are well-known to undergo various chemical weathering processes, which modify their surface chemistry by introducing new functional groups. Such changes are important to monitor, as they can severely influence the toxicity caused by plastic debris. Therefore, in this study, two chemometric models are proposed to accelerate the chemical classification of macro- and meso-plastics found in the environment. For this purpose, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied on preprocessed infrared spectra of 83 plastic fragments found on public lake and river beaches. HCA associated all beach samples with a known plastic, whereas PCA enabled the association of only 39.8% (33 out of 83) of the beach samples with a known plastic. However, both techniques agreed on 93.9% of the samples identified. According to PCA and HCA results, polypropylene and polyethylene were the most frequently identified polymers in the samples. PCA turned out to be a very promising tool for fast screening of weathered plastics, since the distance of samples from the polypropylene cluster in the PCA plot was correlated with weathering. This was later confirmed by employing other characterization techniques such as micro-Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, future experiments should focus on the applicability of the proposed combined chemometric approach for very small microplastics (<100 μm), as they have more important effects than larger plastics on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Nayrac
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | | | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
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7
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Renaudin M, Laforest-Lapointe I, Bellenger JP. Unraveling global and diazotrophic bacteriomes of boreal forest floor feather mosses and their environmental drivers at the ecosystem and at the plant scale in North America. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155761. [PMID: 35533858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Feather mosses are abundant cryptogams of the boreal forest floor and shelter a broad diversity of bacteria who have important ecological functions (e.g., decomposition, nutrient cycling). In particular, nitrogen (N2-) fixation performed by feather moss-associated diazotrophs constitutes an important entry of nitrogen in the boreal forest ecosystem. However, the composition of the feather moss bacteriome and its environmental drivers are still unclear. Using cDNA amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA and nifH genes and cyanobacterial biomass quantification, we explored the active global and diazotrophic bacterial communities of two dominant feather moss species (i) at the ecosystem scale, along a 500-km climatic and nutrient deposition gradient in the North American boreal forest, and (ii) at the plant scale, along the moss shoot senescence gradient. We found that cyanobacteria were major actors of the feather moss bacteriome, accounting for 33% of global bacterial communities and 65% of diazotrophic communities, and that several cyanobacterial and methanotrophic genera were contributing to N2-fixation. Moreover, we showed that bacteria were occupying ecological niches along the moss shoot, with phototrophs being dominant in the apical part and methanotrophs being dominant in the basal part. Finally, climate (temperature, precipitation), environmental variables (moss species, month, tree density) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, molybdenum, vanadium, iron) strongly shaped global and diazotrophic bacteriomes. In summary, this work presents evidence that the feather moss bacteriome plays crucial roles in supporting moss growth, health, and decomposition, as well as in the boreal forest carbon and nitrogen cycles. This study also highlights the substantial effects of climate and nutrients on the feather moss bacteriome, suggesting the importance of understanding the impacts of global change on moss-associated bacterial growth and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Renaudin
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Mohr JF, Gama S, Roy S, Bellenger JP, Plass W, Wichard T. Hydroxypyridinones in nitrogen-fixing bacterial cultures: A metal buffer for molybdenum and simulation of natural conditions. Metallomics 2022; 14:6650223. [PMID: 35881466 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic matter regulates the availability of important trace elements in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by acting as a source and container for microbes. To overcome the limitation of trace elements, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, for example, release low-molecular-weight chelators (metallophores), which scavenge the essential cofactors of the nitrogenase, iron and molybdenum, via complexation and subsequent uptake. The formation of metallophores is triggered by limiting conditions, which must be replicated in the laboratory in order to study metallophores as a mediator in metal cycling. While EDTA-based buffer systems for metal cations are well established, there is limited knowledge regarding the buffering of oxoanions such as molybdate in a bacterial growth medium. To mimic the availability of molybdenum in nature under laboratory conditions, this study created a Mo-buffer system for bacterial growth media of the model organisms Azotobacter vinelandii and Frankia sp. CH37. We investigated selected hydroxypyridinones (HPs) as potential molybdenum-chelating agents, determining the amount required for efficient molybdenum complexation by calculating speciation plots of the various candidate complexes in artificial growth media at various pH values. The Mo-maltol system was identified as an ideal, non-toxic molybdenum-buffer system. In the presence of the Mo-maltol system, the growth of Frankia sp. was limited under diazotrophic conditions, whereas A. vinelandii could acquire molybdenum through the release of protochelin and subsequent molybdenum uptake. The study paves the way for unravelling molybdenum recruitment and homeostasis under limiting conditions in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frieder Mohr
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sofia Gama
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Wichard
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Saibi S, Haroune L, Savary O, Bellenger JP, Cabana H. Impact of Pharmaceutical Compounds in the Bioremediation of Municipal Biosolids by the White-Rot-Fungi Trametes hirsuta. Front Fungal Biol 2022; 3:896043. [PMID: 37746222 PMCID: PMC10512397 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.896043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential of microorganisms for the treatment of municipal biosolids is continuously growing. The present studies evaluated the potency of Trametes hirsuta for the reduction in biosolid mass, production of extracellular enzymes, and removal of pharmaceutical compounds (PhACs) in biosolid slurry in the presence and absence of spiked PhACs [5 non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIs) and 2 psychoactive compounds (PACs)]. Toxicity after 35 days of fungal treatment was also assessed. Results showed that the growth of T. hirsuta is limited above 25% and wholly inhibited above 50% of biosolids in the slurry. At 12% of biosolid concentration, biosolid mass was reduced by 90%, NSAIs were entirely removed, but PACs' removal was only ~20%. Increasing biosolid content to 25% did not markedly affect biosolid reduction but significantly enhanced the removal of PACs (>50%). Results also showed that both PhACs and biosolids induced the production of oxidative enzymes. In 12% biosolids in the slurry, the oxidative potential measured by the ABTS assay (OABTS) reached 5,000 mM of OABTS in the presence of PhACs, and 2,500 mM of OABTS without PhACs, as compared to 1,200 mM of OABTS in control culture. Finally, we report that white rot fungi (WRF) treatment significantly decreased the toxicity of the biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Saibi
- Universitéde Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lounès Haroune
- Sherbrooke Pharmacology Institute, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Savary
- Universitéde Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hubert Cabana
- Universitéde Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Darnajoux R, Bradley R, Bellenger JP. In Vivo Temperature Dependency of Molybdenum and Vanadium Nitrogenase Activity in the Heterocystous Cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:2760-2769. [PMID: 35073047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen by nitrogenase is a key component of terrestrial nitrogen cycling. Nitrogenases exist in several isoforms named after the metal present within their active center: the molybdenum (Mo), the vanadium (V), and the iron (Fe)-only nitrogenase. While earlier in vitro studies hint that the relative contribution of V nitrogenase to total BNF could be temperature-dependent, the effect of temperature on in vivo activity remains to be investigated. In this study, we characterize the in vivo effect of temperature (3-42 °C) on the activities of Mo nitrogenase and V nitrogenase in the heterocystous cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis ATTC 29413 using the acetylene reduction assay by cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate that V nitrogenase becomes as efficient as Mo nitrogenase at temperatures below 10-15 °C. At temperatures above 22 °C, BNF seems to be limited by O2 availability to respiration in both enzymes. Furthermore, Anabaena variabilis cultures grown in Mo or V media achieved similar growth rates at temperatures below 20 °C. Considering the average temperature on earth is 15 °C, our findings further support the role of V nitrogenase as a viable backup enzymatic system for BNF in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Darnajoux
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre Sève, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Robert Bradley
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre Sève, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre Sève, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
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11
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Baker BH, Burris HH, Bloomquist TR, Boivin A, Gillet V, Larouche A, Takser L, Bellenger JP, Pasquier JC, Baccarelli AA. Association of Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure Measured in Meconium With Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Canadian Birth Cohort. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:828089. [PMID: 35450103 PMCID: PMC9017809 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.828089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small number of studies examining the association of prenatal acetaminophen with birth outcomes have all relied on maternal self-report. It remains unknown whether prenatal acetaminophen exposure measured in a biological specimen is associated with birth outcomes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of acetaminophen measured in meconium with birthweight, gestational age, preterm birth, size for gestational age, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and high blood pressure. METHODS This birth cohort from Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, included 773 live births. Mothers with no thyroid disease enrolled at their first prenatal care visit or delivery. Acetaminophen was measured in meconium for 393 children at delivery. We tested associations of prenatal acetaminophen with birthweight, preterm birth, gestational age, small and large for gestational age, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and high blood pressure. We imputed missing data via multiple imputation and used inverse probability weighting to account for confounding and selection bias. RESULTS Acetaminophen was detected in 222 meconium samples (56.5%). Prenatal acetaminophen exposure was associated with decreased birthweight by 136 g (β = -136; 95% CI [-229, -43]), 20% increased weekly hazard of delivery (hazard ratio = 1.20; 95% CI [1.00, 1.43]), and over 60% decreased odds of being born large for gestational age (odds ratio = 0.38; 95% CI [0.20, 0.75]). Prenatal acetaminophen was not associated with small for gestational age, preterm birth, or any pregnancy complications. CONCLUSION Prenatal acetaminophen was associated with adverse birth outcomes. Although unobserved confounding and confounding by indication are possible, these results warrant further investigation into adverse perinatal effects of prenatal acetaminophen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan H Baker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tessa R Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amélie Boivin
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Virginie Gillet
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Larouche
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Charles Pasquier
- Département d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Poisson MC, Garrett DR, Sigouin A, Bélisle M, Garant D, Haroune L, Bellenger JP, Pelletier F. Assessing pesticides exposure effects on the reproductive performance of a declining aerial insectivore. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02415. [PMID: 34278650 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the context of increasing global environmental changes, it has become progressively important to understand the effects of human activity on wildlife populations. Declines in several avian populations have been observed since the 1970s, especially with respect to many farmland and grassland birds, which also include some aerial insectivores. Changes in farming practices referred to as agricultural intensification coincide with these major avian declines. Among those practices, increased pesticide use is hypothesized to be a key driver of avian population declines as it can lead to both toxicological and trophic effects. While numerous laboratory studies report that birds experience acute and chronic effects upon consuming pesticide treated food, little is known about the effects of the exposure to multiple pesticides on wildlife in natural settings. We monitored the breeding activities of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) on 40 farms distributed over a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern Québec, Canada, to evaluate the presence of pesticides in their diet and quantify the exposure effects of those compounds on their reproductive performance between 2013 and 2018. We first assessed the presence of 54 active agents (or derivatives) found in pesticides in 2,081 food boluses (insects) delivered to nestlings by parents and documented their spatial distribution within our study area. Second, we assessed the effect of pesticide exposure through food (number of active agents detected and number of contaminated boluses on a given farm for a given year, while controlling for sampling effort) on clutch size as well as hatching and fledging successes and nestling's mass upon fledging. Pesticides were ubiquitous in our study system and nearly half (46%) of food boluses were contaminated by at least one active agent. Yet we found no relationship between our proxies of food contamination by pesticides and Tree Swallow reproductive performance. More studies are needed to better understand the putative role of pesticides in the decline of farmland birds and aerial insectivores as potential sublethal effects of pesticides can carry over to later life stages and impact fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Poisson
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Daniel R Garrett
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Audrey Sigouin
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Marc Bélisle
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Lounès Haroune
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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13
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Li Z, Cabana H, Lecka J, Brar SK, Galvez R, Bellenger JP. Efficiencies of selected biotreatments for the remediation of PAH in diluted bitumen contaminated soil microcosms. Biodegradation 2021; 32:563-576. [PMID: 34086180 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional oils such as diluted bitumen from oil sands differs from most of conventional oils in terms of physiochemical properties and PAHs composition. This raises concerns regarding the effectiveness of current remediation strategies and protocols originally developed for conventional oil. Here we evaluated the efficiency of different biotreatment approaches, such as fungi inoculation (bioaugmentation), sludge addition (bioaugmentation/biostimulation), perennial grasses plantation (phytoremediation) and their combinations as well as natural attenuation (as control condition), for the remediation of soil contaminated by synthetic crude oil (a product of diluted bitumen) in laboratory microcosms. We specifically monitored the PAHs loss percentage (alkylated PAHs and unsubstituted 16 EPA Priority PAHs), the residue of PAHs and evaluated the ecotoxicity of soil after treatment. All treatments were highly efficient with more than ~ 80% of ∑PAHs loss after 60 days. Distinctive loss efficiencies between light PAHs (≤ 3 rings, ~ 96% average loss) and heavy PAHs (4-6 rings, ~ 29% average loss) were observed. The lowest average PAHs residue (0.10 ± 0.02 mg·kg-1, for an initial concentration of 0.29 ± 0.12 mg·kg-1) was achieved with the "sludge-plants (grasses)" combination. Sludge addition was the only treatment that achieved significantly lower ecotoxicity (3% ± 4% of growth inhibition of L. sativa) than the control (natural attenuation, 13% ± 4% of inhibition). Sludge addition, grasses plantation and "sludge-fungi combination" treatments could result in lower PAH exposure (than other treatments) in post-treated soil when using the Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the protection of environmental and human health for potentially carcinogenic and other PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Joanna Lecka
- Eau Terre Environnement Research Centre, INRS, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Satinder K Brar
- Eau Terre Environnement Research Centre, INRS, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Rosa Galvez
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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14
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Renaudin M, Darnajoux R, Bellenger JP. Quantification of Moss-Associated Cyanobacteria Using Phycocyanin Pigment Extraction. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:611792. [PMID: 33469453 PMCID: PMC7813775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.611792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the boreal forest, cyanobacteria can establish associations with feather moss and realize the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) reaction, consisting in the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen into bioavailable ammonium. In this ecosystem, moss-associated cyanobacteria are the main contributors to BNF by contributing up to 50% of new N input. Current environmental changes driven by anthropogenic activities will likely affect cyanobacteria activity (i.e., BNF) and populations inhabiting mosses, leading to potential important consequences for the boreal forest. Several methods are available to efficiently measure BNF activity, but quantifying cyanobacteria biomass associated with moss is challenging because of the difficulty to separate bacteria colonies from the host plant. Attempts to separate cyanobacteria by shaking or sonicating in water were shown to be poorly efficient and repeatable. The techniques commonly used, microscopic counting and quantitative PCR (qPCR) are laborious and time-consuming. In aquatic and marine ecosystems, phycocyanin (PC), a photosynthesis pigment produced by cyanobacteria, is commonly used to monitor cyanobacteria biomass. In this study, we tested if PC extraction and quantification can be used to estimate cyanobacteria quantity inhabiting moss. We report that phycocyanin can be easily extracted from moss by freeze/thaw disturbance of cyanobacteria cells and can be quickly and efficiently measured by spectrofluorometry. We also report that phycocyanin extraction is efficient (high recovery), repeatable (relative SD < 13%) and that no significant matrix effects were observed. As for aquatic systems, the main limitation of cyanobacteria quantification using phycocyanin is the difference of cellular phycocyanin content between cyanobacteria strains, suggesting that quantification can be impacted by cyanobacteria community composition. Nonetheless, we conclude that phycocyanin extraction and quantification is an easy, rapid, and efficient tool to estimate moss-associated cyanobacteria number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Renaudin
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Darnajoux
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
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15
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Gagnon V, Rodrigue-Morin M, Tremblay J, Wasserscheid J, Champagne J, Bellenger JP, Greer CW, Roy S. Vegetation drives the structure of active microbial communities on an acidogenic mine tailings deposit. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10109. [PMID: 33150067 PMCID: PMC7585372 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-microbe associations are increasingly recognized as an inextricable part of plant biology and biogeochemistry. Microbes play an essential role in the survival and development of plants, allowing them to thrive in diverse environments. The composition of the rhizosphere soil microbial communities is largely influenced by edaphic conditions and plant species. In order to decipher how environmental conditions on a mine site can influence the dynamics of microbial communities, we characterized the rhizosphere soil microbial communities associated with paper birch, speckled alder, and spruce that had naturally colonized an acidogenic mine tailings deposit containing heavy metals. The study site, which had been largely undisturbed for five decades, had highly variable vegetation density; with some areas remaining almost barren, and others having a few stands or large thickets of mature trees. Using Illumina sequencing and ordination analyses (redundancy analysis and principal coordinate analysis), our study showed that soil bacterial and fungal community structures correlated mainly with vegetation density, and plant species. Tailings without any vegetation were the most different in bacterial community structure, compared to all other areas on the mine site, as well as an adjacent natural forest (comparison plot). The bacterial genera Acidiferrobacter and Leptospirillum were more abundant in tailings without vegetation than in any of the other sites, while Bradyrhizobium sp. were more abundant in areas of the tailings deposit having higher vegetation density. Frankia sp. is equally represented in each of the vegetation densities and Pseudomonas sp. present a greater relative abundance in boreal forest. Furthermore, alder rhizosphere showed a greater relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium sp. (in comparison with birch and spruce) as well as Haliangium sp. (in comparison with birch). In contrast, fungal community structures were similar across the tailings deposit regardless of vegetation density, showing a greater relative abundance of Hypocrea sp. Tailings deposit fungal communities were distinct from those found in boreal forest soils. Alder rhizosphere had greater relative abundances of Hypocrea sp. and Thelephora sp., while birch rhizosphere were more often associated with Mollisia sp. Our results indicate that, with increasing vegetation density on the mine site, the bacterial communities associated with the individual deciduous or coniferous species studied were increasingly similar to the bacterial communities found in the adjacent forest. In order to properly assess and restore disturbed sites, it is important to characterize and understand the plant-microbe associations that occur since they likely improve plant fitness in these harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gagnon
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michaël Rodrigue-Morin
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Tremblay
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jessica Wasserscheid
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Champagne
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre SÈVE, Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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16
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Baker BH, Lugo-Candelas C, Wu H, Laue HE, Boivin A, Gillet V, Aw N, Rahman T, Lepage JF, Whittingstall K, Bellenger JP, Posner J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA. Association of Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure Measured in Meconium With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Mediated by Frontoparietal Network Brain Connectivity. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:1073-1081. [PMID: 32986124 PMCID: PMC7522774 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Despite evidence of an association between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring, the drug is not contraindicated during pregnancy, possibly because prior studies have relied on maternal self-report, failed to quantify acetaminophen dose, and lacked mechanistic insight. Objective To examine the association between prenatal acetaminophen exposure measured in meconium (hereinafter referred to as meconium acetaminophen) and ADHD in children aged 6 to 7 years, along with the potential for mediation by functional brain connectivity. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective birth cohort study from the Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, included 394 eligible children, of whom 345 had meconium samples collected at delivery and information on ADHD diagnosis. Mothers were enrolled from September 25, 2007, to September 10, 2009, at their first prenatal care visit or delivery and were followed up when children were aged 6 to 7 years. When children were aged 9 to 11 years, resting-state brain connectivity was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. Data for the present study were collected from September 25, 2007, to January 18, 2020, and analyzed from January 7, 2019, to January 22, 2020. Exposures Acetaminophen levels measured in meconium. Main Outcomes and Measures Physician diagnosis of ADHD was determined at follow-up when children were aged 6 to 7 years or from medical records. Resting-state brain connectivity was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging; attention problems and hyperactivity were assessed with the Behavioral Assessment System for Children Parent Report Scale. Associations between meconium acetaminophen levels and outcomes were estimated with linear and logistic regressions weighted on the inverse probability of treatment to account for potential confounders. Causal mediation analysis was used to test for mediation of the association between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and hyperactivity by resting-state brain connectivity. Results Among the 345 children included in the analysis (177 boys [51.3%]; mean [SD] age, 6.58 [0.54] years), acetaminophen was detected in 199 meconium samples (57.7%), and ADHD was diagnosed in 33 children (9.6%). Compared with no acetaminophen, detection of acetaminophen in meconium was associated with increased odds of ADHD (odds ratio [OR], 2.43; 95% CI, 1.41-4.21). A dose-response association was detected; each doubling of exposure increased the odds of ADHD by 10% (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.19). Children with acetaminophen detected in meconium showed increased negative connectivity between frontoparietal and default mode network nodes to clusters in the sensorimotor cortices, which mediated an indirect effect on increased child hyperactivity (14%; 95% CI, 1%-26%). Conclusions and Relevance Together with the multitude of other cohort studies showing adverse neurodevelopment associated with prenatal acetaminophen exposure, this work suggests caution should be used in administering acetaminophen during pregnancy. Research into alternative pain management strategies for pregnant women could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan H. Baker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Claudia Lugo-Candelas
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Amélie Boivin
- Departement de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Virginie Gillet
- Departement de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Aw
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Tonima Rahman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jean-François Lepage
- Departement de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Whittingstall
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Larissa Takser
- Departement de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Departement de Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
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Fülöp T, Munawara U, Larbi A, Desroches M, Rodrigues S, Catanzaro M, Guidolin A, Khalil A, Bernier F, Barron AE, Hirokawa K, Beauregard PB, Dumoulin D, Bellenger JP, Witkowski JM, Frost E. Targeting Infectious Agents as a Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer's Disease. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:673-695. [PMID: 32458360 PMCID: PMC9020372 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia in the world. Its cause(s) are presently largely unknown. The most common explanation for AD, now, is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which states that the cause of AD is senile plaque formation by the amyloid β peptide, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles by hyperphosphorylated tau. A second, burgeoning theory by which to explain AD is based on the infection hypothesis. Much experimental and epidemiological data support the involvement of infections in the development of dementia. According to this mechanism, the infection either directly or via microbial virulence factors precedes the formation of amyloid β plaques. The amyloid β peptide, possessing antimicrobial properties, may be beneficial at an early stage of AD, but becomes detrimental with the progression of the disease, concomitantly with alterations to the innate immune system at both the peripheral and central levels. Infection results in neuroinflammation, leading to, and sustained by, systemic inflammation, causing eventual neurodegeneration, and the senescence of the immune cells. The sources of AD-involved microbes are various body microbiome communities from the gut, mouth, nose, and skin. The infection hypothesis of AD opens a vista to new therapeutic approaches, either by treating the infection itself or modulating the immune system, its senescence, or the body's metabolism, either separately, in parallel, or in a multi-step way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamàs Fülöp
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Usma Munawara
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- BCAM, The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Michele Catanzaro
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Guidolin
- BCAM, The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - François Bernier
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Annelise E Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo and Nito-memory Nakanosogo Hospital, Tokyo Med. Dent. University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pascale B Beauregard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Dumoulin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Eric Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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18
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Gagnon V, Rodrigue-Morin M, Tardif A, Beaudin J, Greer CW, Shipley B, Bellenger JP, Roy S. Differences in elemental composition of tailings, soils, and plant tissues following five decades of native plant colonization on a gold mine site in Northwestern Québec. Chemosphere 2020; 250:126243. [PMID: 32109699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities have significant environmental impacts, such as the production of acid mine drainage and the typical absence of vegetation on mine tailings whose absence can facilitate the migration of metals to adjacent ecosystems. We investigated the metal and metalloid composition of plants and substrates on, and near a former gold mine site to understand elemental dynamics in such environments. A mine tailings deposit rich in Mo and As in Northwestern Québec was studied following the natural colonization of the deposit by boreal plant species. The site and surrounding forest were categorized into 6 vegetation density classes (VDC) to determine if and how vegetation density, and plant elemental composition, and soil properties were linked. Macroelemental composition of plant tissues (P, K and Ca) was relatively stable, despite differences in macroelemental levels of substrates between different VDC (with lower macronutrient levels associated with less dense areas), indicating the adaptability of the three species studied (Alnus incana spp. rugosa, Betula papyrifera and Picea spp.). Results showed that across a wide range of substrate properties, it was plant species and density that explained metal and metalloid composition in plant tissues (leaves, stems, and roots), while the main environmental determinants for this were VDC, pH, Ca and Cu. Increasing vegetation density was associated with decreasing As and Mo concentrations in substrates. This study sheds light on the plasticity of alder, spruce and birch growing on mine sites, allowing us to better understand elemental dynamics on such sites, and ultimately improve their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gagnon
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada; National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, 6100, avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada.
| | - Michaël Rodrigue-Morin
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Antoine Tardif
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Julie Beaudin
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, 6100, avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada.
| | - Bill Shipley
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre SÈVE, Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Gagnon V, Rodrigue-Morin M, Tremblay J, Wasserscheid J, Champagne J, Bellenger JP, Greer CW, Roy S. Life in mine tailings: microbial population structure across the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and roots of boreal species colonizing mine tailings in northwestern Québec. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Mining activities have negative effects on soil characteristics and can result in low pH, high heavy metal content, and limited levels of essential nutrients. A tailings storage area located in northwestern Québec showed natural colonization by plants from the adjacent natural environment. The objective of the study was to determine the main edaphic parameters that structured microbial populations associated with the indigenous woody plants that had naturally colonized the site.
Methods
Microbial populations were studied in the bulk soil, the rhizosphere, and inside plant roots using Illumina sequencing, ordination analysis (i.e., redundancy analysis (RDA) and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA)), ternary plotting, and statistical analysis (MANOVA).
Results
The main variables that drove the microbial community patterns were plant species and the tailings pH. Indeed, the main bacterial classes were Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria in both the rhizosphere and root endosphere. Analysis revealed that some dominant operational taxonomic units (e.g., Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Delftia sp.) were present in increased proportions in roots for each plant species under study. This study also revealed that many of the most abundant fungal genera (e.g., Claussenomyces, Eupenicillium, and Trichoderma) were more abundant in the rhizosphere than in the root endosphere.
Conclusions
This comprehensive study of the microbial community dynamics in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and root endosphere of boreal trees and shrubs could be beneficial in facilitating the rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems.
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Baker BH, Wu H, Laue HE, Boivin A, Gillet V, Langlois MF, Bellenger JP, Baccarelli AA, Takser L. Methylparaben in meconium and risk of maternal thyroid dysfunction, adverse birth outcomes, and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Environ Int 2020; 139:105716. [PMID: 32283359 PMCID: PMC7275882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens, which are used as a preservative in foods and personal care products, are detected in nearly 100% of human urine samples. Exposure to parabens is associated with DNA damage, male infertility, and endocrine disruption in adults, but the effects of prenatal exposure are unclear. In part, this is due to inadequate assessment of exposure in maternal urine, which may only reflect maternal rather than fetal exposure. To address this gap, we examined the association of prenatal methylparaben measured in meconium with preterm birth, gestational age, birthweight, maternal thyroid hormones, and child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) at 6-7 years. DESIGN Data come from the GESTation and the Environment (GESTE) prospective observational pregnancy cohort in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. Participants were 345 children with data on ADHD among 394 eligible pregnancies in women age ≥18 years with no known thyroid disease before pregnancy and meconium collected at delivery. Methylparaben was measured in meconium. Birthweight, gestational age, and maternal thyroid hormones at <20 weeks gestation were measured at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke. Preterm birth was defined as vaginal birth before the 37th week of gestation. Physician diagnosis of ADHD was determined at a scheduled cohort follow-up when children were 6-7 years old or from medical records. Associations between meconium methylparaben and outcomes were estimated with logistic and linear regressions weighted on the inverse probability of exposure to account for potential confounders, including child sex, familial income, maternal education, pre-pregnancy body mass index, age, and smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. RESULTS Methylparaben was detected in 65 meconium samples (19%), 33 children were diagnosed with ADHD (10%), and 13 children were born preterm (4%). Meconium methylparaben was associated with preterm birth (odds ratio [OR] = 4.81; 95% CI [2.29, 10.10]), decreased gestational age (beta [β] = -0.61 weeks; 95% CI [-0.93, -0.29]) and birthweight (β = -0.12 kg; 95% CI [-0.21, -0.03]), altered maternal TSH (relative concentration [RC] = 0.76; 95% CI [0.58, 0.99]), total T3 (RC = 0.84; 95% CI [0.75, 0.96]) and total T4 (RC = 1.10; 95% CI [1.01, 1.19]), maternal hypothyroxinemia (OR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.01, 6.22]), and child ADHD at age of 6-7 (OR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.45, 3.76]). The effect of meconium methylparaben on ADHD was partially mediated by preterm birth (20% mediation) and birthweight (13% mediation). CONCLUSIONS Meconium methylparaben was associated with preterm birth, decreased gestational age and birthweight, maternal thyroid hormone dysfunction, and child ADHD. Parabens are a substantial health concern if causally related to these adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan H Baker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hannah E Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Amélie Boivin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Gillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Langlois
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Laue HE, Cassoulet R, Abdelouahab N, Serme-Gbedo YK, Desautels AS, Brennan KJM, Bellenger JP, Burris HH, Coull BA, Weisskopf MG, Takser L, Baccarelli AA. Association Between Meconium Acetaminophen and Childhood Neurocognitive Development in GESTE, a Canadian Cohort Study. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:138-144. [PMID: 30202886 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen is the only over-the-counter pain reliever that is not contraindicated during pregnancy, but recent studies have questioned whether acetaminophen is safe for the fetus, particularly the developing brain. This prospective birth cohort study probed the previously observed association between in utero exposure to acetaminophen and neurodevelopment by using concentrations of acetaminophen measured in meconium, which more objectively captures exposure of the fetus than maternal report. Exposure, measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, was categorized into nondetection, low detection, and high detection levels. At age 6-8 years, children completed a set of subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition. Additionally, this study examined potential effect modification by child sex on the association between acetaminophen exposure and neurodevelopment. In fully adjusted models, in utero exposure to acetaminophen was not statistically significantly associated with decreased scores on any of the examined subtests in all children combined (n = 118). The effect of in utero acetaminophen exposure on the Coding subtest was marginally significantly different among boys and girls, with girls performing significantly better on the task with higher levels of acetaminophen compared with girls with undetectable levels of exposure (βgirls, low = 2.83 [0.97, 4.70], βgirls, high = 1.95 [-0.03, 3.93], βboys, low = .02 [-1.78, 1.81], βboys, high = -.39 [-2.09, 1.31], pinteraction = .06). Effect modification by child sex was not observed on other subtests. These results do not support prior reports of adverse neurodevelopmental effects of in utero exposure to acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Laue
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032
| | | | - Nadia Abdelouahab
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Yasmine K Serme-Gbedo
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | | | - Kasey J M Brennan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032
| | | | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032
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22
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Chen KH, Liao HL, Bellenger JP, Lutzoni F. Differential gene expression associated with fungal trophic shifts along the senescence gradient of the moss Dicranum scoparium. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2273-2289. [PMID: 30900793 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes harbour microbiomes, including diverse communities of fungi. The molecular mechanisms by which perennial mosses interact with these fungal partners along their senescence gradients are unknown, yet this is an ideal system to study variation in gene expression associated with trophic state transitions. We investigated differentially expressed genes of fungal communities and their host Dicranum scoparium across its naturally occurring senescence gradient using a metatranscriptomic approach. Higher activity of fungal nutrient-related (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) transporters and Carbohydrate-Active enZyme (CAZy) genes was detected toward the bottom, partially decomposed, layer of the moss. The most prominent variation in the expression levels of fungal nutrient transporters was from inorganic nitrogen-related transporters, whereas the breakdown of organonitrogens was detected as the most enriched gene ontology term for the host D. scoparium, for those transcripts having higher expression in the partially decomposed layer. The abundance of bacterial rRNA transcripts suggested that more living members of Cyanobacteria are associated with the photosynthetic layer of D. scoparium, while members of Rhizobiales are detected throughout the gametophytes. Plant genes for specific fungal-plant communication, including defense responses, were differentially expressed, suggesting that different genetic pathways are involved in plant-microbe crosstalk in photosynthetic tissues compared to partially decomposed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, USA
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23
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Cassoulet R, Haroune L, Abdelouahab N, Gillet V, Baccarelli AA, Cabana H, Takser L, Bellenger JP. Monitoring of prenatal exposure to organic and inorganic contaminants using meconium from an Eastern Canada cohort. Environ Res 2019; 171:44-51. [PMID: 30654248 PMCID: PMC6615730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating in utero exposure to inorganic and multiclass organic contaminants is critical to better evaluate potential harmful effects on prenatal and postnatal development. The analysis of meconium, the first bowel discharge of the newborn, has been proposed as a non-invasive way to assess cumulative prenatal exposure. The aim of this study was to implement an analytical method for quantifying 72 targeted organic compounds, including pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds and daily life xenobiotics, in meconium in addition to selected elements (17 elements). We report initial monitoring results based on the analysis of 396 meconium samples from an Eastern Canada cohort (Quebec, Canada). Element contents in meconium were analysed by mass spectrometry after digestion in nitric acid and peroxide. Targeted organic compounds were extracted and purified from meconium samples by a solid-liquid extraction followed by a dispersive-SPE purification before tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Concentrations of targeted elements were within the range of concentration reported in European and US studies but were lower than concentrations found in a developing country cohort (i.e., Pb, Cd). Out of the 72 targeted organic compounds, 31 were detected at least once and 30 were quantified. Compounds with the highest frequency of detection were caffeine, detected in all samples (from 2.80 to 6186 ng g-1), followed by acetaminophen detected in 53% of the samples (up to ~402 µg g-1) and methyl paraben detected in 20% of the samples (up to ~10 µg g-1). Pesticides were detected in low frequencies (< 2%) and low concentration (< 35 ng g-1). Results show that meconium can be used to monitor prenatal exposure of foetus to a wide array of inorganic and organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Cassoulet
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Sciences, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lounes Haroune
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Sciences, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Abdelouahab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Gillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Engineering, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Sciences, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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24
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Deicke M, Mohr JF, Roy S, Herzsprung P, Bellenger JP, Wichard T. Metallophore profiling of nitrogen-fixingFrankiaspp. to understand metal management in the rhizosphere of actinorhizal plants. Metallomics 2019; 11:810-821. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Frankiaspp. are widespread nitrogen-fixing and metallophore releasing soil bacteria, which often live in symbiosis with a broad spectrum of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Deicke
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Jan Frieder Mohr
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Centre SÈVE
- Département de Biologie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
- Department Lake Research
- 39114 Magdeburg
- Germany
| | | | - Thomas Wichard
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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25
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Scott DL, Bradley RL, Bellenger JP, Houle D, Gundale MJ, Rousk K, DeLuca TH. Anthropogenic deposition of heavy metals and phosphorus may reduce biological N 2 fixation in boreal forest mosses. Sci Total Environ 2018; 630:203-210. [PMID: 29477819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to test the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and phosphorus (P) amendments on biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) by boreal forest moss-associated cyanobacteria. Feather moss (Pleurozium schreberi) samples were collected on five sites, on two dates and at different roadside distances (0-100m) corresponding to an assumed gradient of reactive N deposition. Potential BNF of Mo and P amended moss samples was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Total N, P and heavy metal concentrations of mosses collected at 0 and 100m from roadsides were also measured. Likewise, the needles from Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) at different roadside distances were collected in late summer and analyzed for total N, P and heavy metals. There was a significant increase in BNF with roadside distance on 7-of-10 individual Site×Date combinations. We found no clear evidence of an N gradient across roadside distances. Elemental analyses of feather moss and Norway spruce needle tissues suggested decreasing deposition of heavy metals (Mo-Co-Cr-Ni-V-Pb-Ag-Cu) as well as P with increasing distance from the roadside. The effects of Mo and P amendments on BNF were infrequent and inconsistent across roadside distances and across sites. One particular site, however, displayed greater concentrations of heavy metals near the roadside, as well as a steeper P fertility gradient with roadside distance, than the other sites. Here, BNF increased with roadside distance only when moss samples were amended with P. Also at this site, BNF across all roadside distances was higher when mosses were amended with both Mo and P, suggesting a co-limitation of these two nutrients in controlling BNF. In summary, our study showed a potential for car emissions to increase heavy metals and P along roadsides and underscored the putative roles of these anthropogenic pollutants on BNF in northern latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton L Scott
- Université de Sherbrooke, Département de Biologie, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Robert L Bradley
- Université de Sherbrooke, Département de Biologie, Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | | | - Daniel Houle
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Rousk
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas H DeLuca
- Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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Chevillot F, Guyot M, Desrosiers M, Cadoret N, Veilleux É, Cabana H, Bellenger JP. Accumulation and sublethal effects of triclosan and its transformation product methyl-triclosan in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to environmental concentrations in an artificial soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:1940-1948. [PMID: 29667748 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Municipal biosolids are increasingly used as a low-cost fertilizer in agricultural soil. Biosolids are contaminated by low concentrations (nanograms per gram dry wt range) of a large variety of organic contaminants, such as triclosan. The effect of exposure to low concentrations of organic contaminants on soil biota remains largely undocumented. We evaluated the sublethal effects of triclosan on the earthworm Eisenia andrei using an artificial soil amended with a nominal concentration of triclosan of 50 ng g-1 dry weight soil. Using a 56-d reproduction test, we monitored the effect of triclosan exposure on adult earthworm survival, growth, and reproduction. The bioaccumulation of triclosan in earthworm tissue (adults and juveniles) and degradation of triclosan were monitored. The genotoxicity of triclosan was evaluated using a comet assay (DNA damage) on adult earthworm coelomocytes. Exposure to a low concentration of triclosan had no significant effects on adult earthworm survival and DNA damage but significantly stimulated growth (p < 0.05) by 2-fold compared with controls. It also significantly affected E. andrei reproduction parameters (p < 0.05), as evidenced by an increase in the number of cocoons and juveniles and a decrease in the mean dry weight of juveniles. The bioaccumulation of triclosan in earthworms was moderate (bioaccumulation factor ∼2). In biosolid-borne trials, the bioaccumulation of methyl-triclosan in earthworm tissues was higher than that of the parent compound triclosan. We conclude that exposure to low concentrations of triclosan in artificial soil can significantly affect the growth and reproductive performance of earthworms (i.e., E. andrei). More research is required with natural soils to assess triclosan bioavailability for earthworms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1940-1948. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chevillot
- Centre Sève, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Guyot
- Centre Sève, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Desrosiers
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère du Développement durable de l'environnement et de la lutte contre les changements climatiques, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Cadoret
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère du Développement durable de l'environnement et de la lutte contre les changements climatiques, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éloïse Veilleux
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère du Développement durable de l'environnement et de la lutte contre les changements climatiques, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre Sève, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Chevillot F, Convert Y, Desrosiers M, Cadoret N, Veilleux É, Cabana H, Bellenger JP. Selective bioaccumulation of neonicotinoids and sub-lethal effects in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to environmental concentrations in an artificial soil. Chemosphere 2017; 186:839-847. [PMID: 28826132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the bioaccumulation of neonicotinoid insecticides in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to environmental concentrations (<200 ng g-1 dry weight, nominal concentration) in an artificial soil. We tested the selectivity for neonicotinoids by exposing earthworms to 7 neonicotinoids alone and in more complex mixtures of 54 pesticides then 69 organic contaminants (OCs) (54 pesticides and 15 pharmaceuticals). We applied long-term (56-day) toxicity tests to further evaluate the effect of OCs on earthworms. We monitored adult survival, adult DNA damage using a comet assay on earthworm coelomocyte cells, and reproduction performance (i.e. number of cocoons and number and dry weight of juveniles). A selective bioaccumulation of neonicotinoid insecticides in adult and juvenile earthworms was found. This bioaccumulation is concomitant with a significant increase in adult DNA damage and significant effects on reproduction when earthworms were exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides alone. This study reveals a new potential point of entry of neonicotinoid insecticides into the wildlife food chain and also shows that E. andrei reproduction could be affected by long-term exposure to environmental concentrations of OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chevillot
- Centre Sève, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Sciences, J1K2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Yannice Convert
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère du Développement durable de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Quebec city, G1P3W8 QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Desrosiers
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère du Développement durable de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Quebec city, G1P3W8 QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Cadoret
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère du Développement durable de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Quebec city, G1P3W8 QC, Canada
| | - Éloïse Veilleux
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère du Développement durable de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Quebec city, G1P3W8 QC, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Engineering, J1K2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre Sève, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Sciences, J1K2R1 QC, Canada.
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28
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Rousk K, Degboe J, Michelsen A, Bradley R, Bellenger JP. Molybdenum and phosphorus limitation of moss-associated nitrogen fixation in boreal ecosystems. New Phytol 2017; 214:97-107. [PMID: 27883187 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) performed by moss-associated cyanobacteria is one of the main sources of new nitrogen (N) input in pristine, high-latitude ecosystems. Yet, the nutrients that limit BNF remain elusive. Here, we tested whether this important ecosystem function is limited by the availability of molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), or both. BNF in dominant mosses was measured with the acetylene reduction assay (ARA) at different time intervals following Mo and P additions, in both laboratory microcosms with mosses from a boreal spruce forest and field plots in subarctic tundra. We further used a 15 N2 tracer technique to assess the ARA to N2 fixation conversion ratios at our subarctic site. BNF was up to four-fold higher shortly after the addition of Mo, in both the laboratory and field experiments. A similar positive response to Mo was found in moss colonizing cyanobacterial biomass. As the growing season progressed, nitrogenase activity became progressively more P limited. The ARA : 15 N2 ratios increased with increasing Mo additions. These findings show that N2 fixation activity as well as cyanobacterial biomass in dominant feather mosses from boreal forests and subarctic tundra are limited by Mo availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rousk
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jefferson Degboe
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, QC, Canada
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Bradley
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, QC, Canada
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Haroune L, Saibi S, Cabana H, Bellenger JP. Intracellular Enzymes Contribution to the Biocatalytic Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Trametes hirsuta. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:897-904. [PMID: 28045261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of white rot fungi (WRF) for bioremediation of recalcitrant trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) is becoming greatly popular. Biosorption and lignin modifying enzymes (LMEs) are the most often reported mechanisms of action. Intracellular enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP450), have also been suggested to contribute. However, direct evidence of TrOCs uptake and intracellular transformation is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contribution of biosorption, extracellular LMEs activity, TrOCs uptake, and intracellular CYP450 on the removal of six nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIs) by Trametes hirsuta. Results show that for most tested NSAIs, LMEs activity and biosorption failed to explain the observed removal. Most tested TrOCs are quickly taken up and intracellularly transformed. Fine characterization of intracellular transformation using ketoprofen showed that CYP450 is not the sole intracellular enzyme responsible for intracellular transformation. The contribution of CYP450 in further transformation of ketoprofen byproducts is also reported. These results illustrate that TrOCs transformation by WRF is a more complex process than previously reported. Rapid uptake of TrOCs and intracellular transformation through diverse enzymatic systems appears to be important components of WRF efficiency toward TrOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lounès Haroune
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sabrina Saibi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke , 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke , 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke , 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
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Darnajoux R, Zhang X, McRose DL, Miadlikowska J, Lutzoni F, Kraepiel AML, Bellenger JP. Biological nitrogen fixation by alternative nitrogenases in boreal cyanolichens: importance of molybdenum availability and implications for current biological nitrogen fixation estimates. New Phytol 2017; 213:680-689. [PMID: 27588707 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryptogamic species and their associated cyanobacteria have attracted the attention of biogeochemists because of their critical roles in the nitrogen cycle through symbiotic and asymbiotic biological fixation of nitrogen (BNF). BNF is mediated by the nitrogenase enzyme, which, in its most common form, requires molybdenum at its active site. Molybdenum has been reported as a limiting nutrient for BNF in many ecosystems, including tropical and temperate forests. Recent studies have suggested that alternative nitrogenases, which use vanadium or iron in place of molybdenum at their active site, might play a more prominent role in natural ecosystems than previously recognized. Here, we studied the occurrence of vanadium, the role of molybdenum availability on vanadium acquisition and the contribution of alternative nitrogenases to BNF in the ubiquitous cyanolichen Peltigera aphthosa s.l. We confirmed the use of the alternative vanadium-based nitrogenase in the Nostoc cyanobiont of these lichens and its substantial contribution to BNF in this organism. We also showed that the acquisition of vanadium is strongly regulated by the abundance of molybdenum. These findings show that alternative nitrogenase can no longer be neglected in natural ecosystems, particularly in molybdenum-limited habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Darnajoux
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Xinning Zhang
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Darcy L McRose
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | | | | | - Anne M L Kraepiel
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1K 2R1
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Noumsi CJ, Pourhassan N, Darnajoux R, Deicke M, Wichard T, Burrus V, Bellenger JP. Effect of organic matter on nitrogenase metal cofactors homeostasis in Azotobacter vinelandii under diazotrophic conditions. Environ Microbiol Rep 2016; 8:76-84. [PMID: 26549632 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation can be catalysed by three isozymes of nitrogenase: molybdenum (Mo)-nitrogenase, vanadium (V)-nitrogenase and iron-only (Fe)-nitrogenase. The activity of these isozymes strongly depends on their metal cofactors, molybdenum, vanadium and iron, and their bioavailability in ecosystems. Here, we show how metal bioavailability can be affected by the presence of tannic acid (organic matter), and the subsequent consequences on diazotrophic growth of the soil bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii. In the presence of tannic acids, A. vinelandii produces a higher amount of metallophores, which coincides with an active, regulated and concomitant acquisition of molybdenum and vanadium under cellular conditions that are usually considered not molybdenum limiting. The associated nitrogenase genes exhibit decreased nifD expression and increased vnfD expression. Thus, in limiting bioavailable metal conditions, A. vinelandii takes advantage of its nitrogenase diversity to ensure optimal diazotrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Jouogo Noumsi
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nina Pourhassan
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Romain Darnajoux
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Michael Deicke
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Wichard
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Burrus
- Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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Darnajoux R, Lutzoni F, Miadlikowska J, Bellenger JP. Determination of elemental baseline using peltigeralean lichens from Northeastern Canada (Québec): Initial data collection for long term monitoring of the impact of global climate change on boreal and subarctic area in Canada. Sci Total Environ 2015; 533:1-7. [PMID: 26151649 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Northeastern Canada is mostly free of anthropogenic activities. The extent to which this territory has been impacted by anthropogenic atmospheric depositions remains to be studied. The main goal of our study was to establish background levels for metals in boreal muscicolous/terricolous macrolichens over non-urbanized areas of northeastern Canada (Québec). Concentrations of 18 elements (Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Pb) were determined for three species of the genus Peltigera (Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. s.l., Peltigera neopolydactyla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. s.l., Peltigera scabrosa Th. Fr. s.l.), and Nephroma arcticum (L.) Torss., along a 1080 km south-north transect and along a of 730 km west-east transect. We report that elemental contents in the sampled lichen thalli are very low and similar to background levels found in other studies performed in pristine places (high elevation or remote ecosystems) throughout the world. Overall, our results demonstrate that most of the boreal and subarctic zone of Québec (northeastern Canada) is still pristine. The elemental baseline established in these lichen populations will contribute to monitor metal pollution in boreal and sub-polar ecosystems due to global climate change and future industrial expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Darnajoux
- Centre Sève, Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - François Lutzoni
- Department of biology, Duke University, 125 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jolanta Miadlikowska
- Department of biology, Duke University, 125 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre Sève, Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Bélanger PA, Bellenger JP, Roy S. Heavy metal stress in alders: Tolerance and vulnerability of the actinorhizal symbiosis. Chemosphere 2015; 138:300-308. [PMID: 26091871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alders have already demonstrated their potential for the revegetation of both mining and industrial sites. These actinorhizal trees and shrubs and the actinobacteria Frankia associate in a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis which could however be negatively affected by the presence of heavy metals, and accumulate them. In our hydroponic assay with black alders, quantification of the roots and shoots metal concentrations showed that, in the absence of stress, symbiosis increases Mo and Ni root content and simultaneously decreases Mo shoot content. Interestingly, the Mo shoot content also decreases in the presence of Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd for symbiotic alders. In symbiotic alders, Pb shoot translocation was promoted in presence of Pb. On the other hand, Cd exclusion in symbiotic root tissues was observed with Pb and Cd. In the presence of symbiosis, only Cd and Pb showed translocation into aerial tissues when present in the nutrient solution. Moreover, the translocation of Ni to shoot was prevented by symbiosis in the presence of Cd, Ni and Pb. The hydroponic experiment demonstrated that alders benefit from the symbiosis, producing more biomass (total, root and shoot) than non nodulated alders in control condition, and in the presence of metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cd). Heavy metals did not reduce the nodule numbers (SNN), but the presence of Zn or Cd did reduce nodule allocation. Our study suggests that the Frankia-alder symbiosis is a promising (and a compatible) plant-microorganism association for the revegetation of contaminated sites, with minimal risk of metal dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Anne Bélanger
- Centre d'étude et de valorisation de la diversité microbienne, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre d'étude et de valorisation de la diversité microbienne, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc J1K 2R1, Canada; Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Centre d'étude et de valorisation de la diversité microbienne, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Haroune L, Saibi S, Bellenger JP, Cabana H. Evaluation of the efficiency of Trametes hirsuta for the removal of multiple pharmaceutical compounds under low concentrations relevant to the environment. Bioresour Technol 2014; 171:199-202. [PMID: 25194915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation of the efficiency of the White-rot fungi (WRF) Trametes hirsuta to remove multi-classes pharmaceutical active compounds (17 PhACs) at low and environmentally realistic concentrations (20-500 ng L(-1)) was performed. The importance of biosorption over enzymatic activity on PhACs removal was also evaluated. Results highlight the importance to consider environmentally relevant PhACs concentrations while evaluating the removal capacities of WRF in wastewaters treatment processes, as PhACs concentration strongly influence both the enzymatic activity profile and the removal efficiency. Results also show that under tested experimental conditions, laccase was the only active extracellular lignin modifying enzyme and that biosorption and possibly intracellular enzymes also contribute to the removal of some PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lounès Haroune
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sabrina Saibi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Bellenger JP, Cabana H. Emerging contaminants: a scientific challenge without borders. Sci Total Environ 2014; 487:747. [PMID: 24840786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada.
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Darnajoux R, Constantin J, Miadlikowska J, Lutzoni F, Bellenger JP. Is vanadium a biometal for boreal cyanolichens? New Phytol 2014; 202:765-771. [PMID: 24641550 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase has long been considered the predominant isoenzyme responsible for dinitrogen fixation worldwide. Recent findings have challenged the paradigm of Mo hegemony, and highlighted the role of alternative nitrogenases, such as the vanadium-nitrogenase. Here, we first characterized homeostasis of vanadium (V) along with other metals in situ in the dinitrogen fixing cyanolichen Peltigera aphthosa. These lichens were sampled in natural sites exposed to various levels of atmospheric metal deposition. These results were compared with laboratory experiments where Anabaena variabilis, which is also hosting the V-nitrogenase, and a relatively close relative of the lichen cyanobiont Nostoc, was subjected to various levels of V. We report here that V is preferentially allocated to cephalodia, specialized structures where dinitrogen fixation occurs in tri-membered lichens. This specific allocation is biologically controlled and tightly regulated. Vanadium homeostasis in lichen cephalodia exposed to various V concentrations is comparable to the one observed in Anabaena variabilis and other dinitrogen fixing organisms using V-nitrogenase. Overall, our findings support current hypotheses that V could be a more important factor in mediating nitrogen input in high latitude ecosystems than previously recognized. They invite the reassessment of current theoretical models linking metal dynamics and dinitrogen fixation in boreal and subarctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Darnajoux
- Centre Sève, Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Constantin
- Centre Sève, Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, QC, Canada
| | | | - François Lutzoni
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708-0338, USA
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Abstract
The hydroxamate siderophore ferricrocin was identified in Cladosporium cladosporioides growth medium by solid phase extraction and ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a time of flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC/QTOF-MS). Both desferricrocin and ferricrocin were detected in the extracellular medium assisted by high resolution mass spectrometry. This is the first identification of a hydroxamate siderophore in Cladosporium cladosporioides. This finding emphasizes the common meaning of ferricrocin in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pourhassan
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de I'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K2R1, Canada
| | - René Gagnon
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de I'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Thomas Wichard
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jena School for Microbial Communication, Lessingstr.8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de I'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K2R1, Canada
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Pourhassan N, Gagnon R, Wichard T, Bellenger JP. Identification of the hydroxamate siderophore ferricrocin in Cladosporium cladosporioides. Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:539-540. [PMID: 24868878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydroxamate siderophore ferricrocin was identified in Cladosporium cladosporioides growth medium by solid phase extraction and ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a time of flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC/QTOF-MS). Both desferricrocin and ferricrocin were detected in the extracellular medium assisted by high resolution mass spectrometry. This is the first identification of a hydroxamate siderophore in Cladosporium cladosporioides. This finding emphasizes the common meaning of ferricrocin in fungi.
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Haroune L, Salaun M, Ménard A, Legault CY, Bellenger JP. Photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine and three derivatives using TiO₂ and ZnO: effect of pH, ionic strength, and natural organic matter. Sci Total Environ 2014; 475:16-22. [PMID: 24423939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Removal of pharmaceuticals (PhCs) by photocatalysis is a promising avenue in water treatment. The efficiency of these treatments on PhC derivatives compared to their parent molecules remains poorly documented. The present study investigates the efficiency of photodegradation catalyzed by TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) and three of its derivatives; carbamazepine epoxide (CBZ-E), acridine (AI), and acridone (AO). The effects of environmental parameters such as pH, ionic strength, and natural organic matter content on photodegradation efficiency (transformation after 6h and kinetics) were tested. We report that the efficiency of the catalysts (TiO2 and ZnO) can be very different when comparing CBZ and its derivatives (CBZ-E, AI and AO). TiO₂ was more efficient than ZnO at degrading CBZ and CBZ-E. For AI and AO, no significant differences were observed between the two catalysts. We also report that environmental parameters have contrasting effects on the efficiency of the photodegradation of CBZ compared to its derivatives. Changing pH and organic matter content had the most contrasted effects; the photodegradation of CBZ and CBZ-E was significantly affected by pH (especially in presence of TiO₂ NPs) and by the presence of natural organic matter. In contrast, the photodegradation of AI and AO was not affected by pH and organic matter. Only the photodegradation of CBZ was clearly affected by IS and solely at very high IS (1M). Overall, our results highlight that TiO₂ and ZnO catalysts present contrasted efficiency on the removal of CBZ when compared to its derivatives (CBZ-E, AI and AO). Our results also show that the effect of environmental parameters on the efficiency of the photodegradation of CBZ derivatives cannot be predicted based on the behavior of the parent molecule (CBZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lounes Haroune
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Maria Salaun
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alain Ménard
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Claude Y Legault
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Deicke M, Mohr JF, Bellenger JP, Wichard T. Metallophore mapping in complex matrices by metal isotope coded profiling of organic ligands. Analyst 2014; 139:6096-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal isotope coded profiling (MICP) utilizes stable metal isotope pairs creating unique isotopic signatures used for fast identification of metallophores, metal ion buffers or sequestering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Deicke
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Frieder Mohr
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Wichard
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena, Germany
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Deicke M, Bellenger JP, Wichard T. Direct quantification of bacterial molybdenum and iron metallophores with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1298:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Allard P, Darnajoux R, Phalyvong K, Bellenger JP. Effects of tungsten and titanium oxide nanoparticles on the diazotrophic growth and metals acquisition by Azotobacter vinelandii under molybdenum limiting condition. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:2061-2068. [PMID: 23339336 DOI: 10.1021/es304544k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of essential metals, such as the metal cofactors (molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe)) of the nitrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the reduction of dinitrogen (N(2)) to ammonium, is critical to N(2) fixing bacteria in soil. The release of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to the environment could be detrimental to N(2) fixing bacteria by introducing a new source of toxic metals and by interfering with the acquisition of essential metals such as Mo. Since Mo has been reported to limit nonsymbiotic N(2) fixation in many ecosystems from tropical to cold temperate, this question is particularly acute in the context of Mo limitation. Using a combination of microbiology and analytical chemistry techniques, we have evaluated the effect of titanium (Ti) and tungsten (W) oxide nanoparticles on the diazotrophic growth and metals acquisition in pure culture of the ubiquitous N(2) fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii under Mo replete and Mo limiting conditions. We report that under our conditions (≤10 mg·L(-1)) TiO(2) NPs have no effects on the diazotrophic growth of A. vinelandii while WO(3) NPs are highly detrimental to the growth especially under Mo limiting conditions. Our results show that the toxicity of WO(3) NPs to A. vinelandii is due to an interference with the catechol-metalophores assisted uptake of Mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Allard
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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Abstract
N(2) fixation by moss-associated cyanobacteria plays an important role in the nitrogen cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. Recent studies have mainly focused on boreal ecosystems; little is known about such association in other ecosystems. Moss-associated cyanobacteria are subject to rapid changes (hourly or less) in environmental conditions that may affect N(2) fixation kinetics. Using a recently developed method (Acetylene Reduction Assays by Cavity ring-down laser Absorption Spectroscopy, ARACAS) with higher sensitivity and sampling frequency than the conventional method, we characterize short-term kinetics of N(2) fixation by cyanobacteria on moss carpets from warm and cold temperate forests. We report the identification of a heretofore unknown multispecies true-moss-cyanobacteria diazotrophic association. We demonstrate that short-term change in abiotic variables greatly influences N(2) fixation. We also show that difference in relative proportion of two epiphytic diazotrophs is consistent with divergent influences of temperature on their N(2) fixation kinetics. Further research is needed to determine whether this difference is consistent with a latitudinal trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Jean
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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Markham AC, Gesquiere LR, Bellenger JP, Alberts SC, Altmann J. White monkey syndrome and presumptive copper deficiency in wild savannah baboons. Am J Primatol 2011; 73:1160-8. [PMID: 21898510 PMCID: PMC3395728 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In immature wild savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus), we observed symptoms consistent with copper (Cu) deficiency and, more specifically, with a disorder referred to as white monkey syndrome (WMS) in laboratory primates. The objectives of this study were to characterize this pathology, and test three hypotheses that (1) Cu deficiency may have been induced by zinc (Zn) toxicity, (2) it may have been induced by molybdenum (Mo) toxicity, and (3) cumulative rainfall during the perinatal period and particularly during gestation is an ecological factor distinguishing infants afflicted with WMS from non-WMS infants. During 2001-2009, we observed 22 instances of WMS out of a total 377 live births in the study population. Visible symptoms exhibited by WMS infants included whitening of the animal's fur and/or impaired mobility characterized by an apparent "stiffening" of the hindlimbs. Occurrence of WMS did not vary significantly by gender. However, among individuals that survived at least 180 days, WMS males had a significantly lower survivorship probability than non-WMS males. Zn/Cu ratios assessed from hair samples of adult female baboons were higher in females who had produced at least one WMS offspring relative to females who had not had a WMS offspring. This was true even when the hair sample was collected long after the birth of the female's afflicted infant. We consider this potentially indicative of a robust tendency for low Cu levels induced by elevated Zn intake in some individuals. No significant differences of Mo/Cu ratios were observed. Cumulative rainfall during gestation (∼179 days) was 50% lower for WMS infants relative to non-WMS infants. In contrast, rainfall for the two classes of infants did not differ in the 180 days before conception or in the 180 days following birth. This finding highlights the importance of prenatal ecological conditions in healthy fetal development with regard to WMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Catherine Markham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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Cassar N, Bellenger JP, Jackson RB, Karr J, Barnett BA. N2 fixation estimates in real-time by cavity ring-down laser absorption spectroscopy. Oecologia 2011; 168:335-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wichard T, Bellenger JP, Morel FMM, Kraepiel AML. Role of the siderophore azotobactin in the bacterial acquisition of nitrogenase metal cofactors. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:7218-24. [PMID: 19848125 DOI: 10.1021/es8037214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fixation of dinitrogen by soil bacteria is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase which requires iron, molybdenum, and/or vanadium as metal cofactors. Under conditions of iron deficiency, the ubiquitous N2-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii produces azotobactin, a fluorescent pyoverdine-like compound which serves as a siderophore. Azotobatin's hydroxamate, catechol, and alpha-hydroxy-acid moieties endow it with a very high affinity for Fe(III), and the Fe complex is taken up by the bacterium. Here we show that azotobactin also serves for the uptake of Mo and V. Azotobactin forms strong complexes with molybdate and vanadate and the complexes are taken up by regulated transport systems. The kinetics of complexation of molybdate and vanadate by azotobactin are faster than the complexation of Fe(III), which is either precipitated or bound to strong complexing agents. As a result of this kinetic advantage, the Mo and V complexes of azotobactin form despite the higher affinity of the compound for Fe, which is present in large excess in the environment. The results obtained here for azotobactin and previous data for the bis- and tris-catechols produced by A. vinelandii show that those "siderophores" are really "metallophores" that promote the bacterial acquisition of Mo and V in addition to Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wichard
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Bellenger JP, Staunton S. Adsorption and desorption of 85Sr and 137Cs on reference minerals, with and without inorganic and organic surface coatings. J Environ Radioact 2008; 99:831-840. [PMID: 18295381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption properties of reference minerals may be considerably modified by the presence of the inorganic and organic coatings that are ubiquitous in soils. It is therefore important to assess the effect of such coatings to evaluate the relevance of adsorption studies on pure minerals. The adsorption of trace amounts of (85)Sr and (137)Cs has been studied in dilute suspensions for various minerals that are common components of soils: quartz, calcium carbonate, kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite. We studied the effect of coatings with either Fe or Al oxide with varying additions of soil-extracted humic or fulvic acid. Both adsorption and desorption were measured and data presented as distribution coefficients, Kd. No adsorption was detected on quartz and it was not possible to coat this surface. Adsorption on calcium carbonate was small and not influenced by coatings. Adsorption of Sr on the three clay minerals was very similar, enhanced by the Al-coating, but not affected by Fe and organic coatings. The presence of organic coatings decreased Cs adsorption on illite. Similar but smaller effects were seen on montmorillonite and kaolinite. Aluminum coating enhanced Cs adsorption on illite, whereas both inorganic coatings caused decreases in adsorption on montmorillonite, and there was no effect on kaolinite. Effects were not additive with mixed, organic-inorganic coatings. Adsorption of both Cs and Sr on all minerals was strongly irreversible, with Kd (desorption) being up to four-times greater than adsorption Kd. The ratio of desorption and adsorption Cs Kd values (an assessment of irreversibility) was inversely related to adsorption Kd. This is consistent with a decreasing contribution of high-affinity adsorption as adsorption increases, but may also reflect the partial loss of organic coatings during desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- INRA, UMR 1222, Biogéochimie du Sol et de la Rhizosphère, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Wichard T, Bellenger JP, Loison A, Kraepiel AML. Catechol siderophores control tungsten uptake and toxicity in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42:2408-2413. [PMID: 18504973 DOI: 10.1021/es702651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W), which have similar chemistry, are present at roughly the same concentration in the earth's continental crust, and both are present in oxic systems as oxoanions, molybdate and tungstate. Molybdenum is a cofactor in the molybdenum-nitrogenase enzyme and is thus an important micronutrient for N2-fixing bacteria such as Azotobacter vinelandii (A. vinelandii). Tungsten is known to be toxic to N2-fixing bacteria, partly by substituting for Mo in nitrogenase. We showthatthe catechol siderophores produced by A. vinelandii, in addition to being essential for iron acquisition, modulate the relative uptake of Mo and W. These catechol siderophores (particularly protochelin), whose concentrations in the growth medium increase sharply at high W, complex all the tungstate along with molybdate and some of the iron. The molybdenum-catechol complex is taken up much more rapidly than the W complex, allowing A. vinelandii to satisfy its Mo requirement and avoid W toxicity. Mutants deficient in the production of catechol siderophores are more sensitive to tungstate and have higher cellular W quotas than the wild type. The binding of metals by excreted catechol siderophores allows A. vinelandii to discriminate in its uptake of essential metals, such as Fe and Mo, over that of toxic metals, such as W, and to sustain high growth rates under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wichard
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton Environmental Institute, Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Bellenger JP, Wichard T, Kraepiel AML. Vanadium requirements and uptake kinetics in the dinitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:1478-84. [PMID: 18192412 PMCID: PMC2258613 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02236-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is a cofactor in the alternative V-nitrogenase that is expressed by some N(2)-fixing bacteria when Mo is not available. We investigated the V requirements, the kinetics of V uptake, and the production of catechol compounds across a range of concentrations of vanadium in diazotrophic cultures of the soil bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii. In strain CA11.70, a mutant that expresses only the V-nitrogenase, V concentrations in the medium between 10(-8) and 10(-6) M sustain maximum growth rates; they are limiting below this range and toxic above. A. vinelandii excretes in its growth medium micromolar concentrations of the catechol siderophores azotochelin and protochelin, which bind the vanadate oxoanion. The production of catechols increases when V concentrations become toxic. Short-term uptake experiments with the radioactive isotope (49)V show that bacteria take up the V-catechol complexes through a regulated transport system(s), which shuts down at high V concentrations. The modulation of the excretion of catechols and of the uptake of the V-catechol complexes allows A. vinelandii to precisely manage its V homeostasis over a range of V concentrations, from limiting to toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Bellenger
- Chemistry Department, Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Bellenger JP, Arnaud-Neu F, Asfari Z, Myneni SCB, Stiefel EI, Kraepiel AML. Complexation of oxoanions and cationic metals by the biscatecholate siderophore azotochelin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2006; 12:367-76. [PMID: 17171370 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-006-0194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Azotochelin is a biscatecholate siderophore produced by the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii. The complexation properties of azotochelin with a series of oxoanions [Mo(VI), W(VI) and V(V)] and divalent cations [Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Mn(II)] were investigated by potentiometry, UV-vis and X-ray spectroscopy. Azotochelin forms a strong 1:1 complex with molybdate (log K=7.6+/-0.4) and with tungstate and vanadate; the stability of the complexes increases in the order Mo<V<W (log KappMo=7.3+/-0.4; log KappV=8.8+/-0.4 and log KappW=9.0+/-0.4 at pH 6.6). The Mo atom in the 1:1 Mo-azotochelin complex is bound to two oxo groups in a cis position and to the two catecholate groups of azotochelin, resulting in a slightly distorted octahedral configuration. Below pH 5, azotochelin appears to form polynuclear complexes with Mo in addition to the 1:1 complex. Azotochelin also forms strong complexes with divalent metals. Of the metals studied, Cu(II) binds most strongly to azotochelin (log betaCuLH2-=-12.9+/-0.1), followed by Zn(II) log betaZnL3-=-24.1+/-0.14, log betaZnLH2-=-17.83+/-0.09), Mn(II) (log betaMnL3-=-29, log betaMnLH2-=-18.6+/-0.8, log betaMnLH2-=-11.5+/-0.7) and Co(II) (log betaCoLH2-=-23.0+/-0.3, log betaCoLH2-=-13.5+/-0.2). Since very few organic ligands are known to bind strongly to oxoanions (and particularly molybdate) at circumneutral pH, the unusual properties of azotochelin may be used for the separation and concentration of oxoanions in the laboratory and in the field. In addition, azotochelin may prove useful for the investigation of the biogeochemistry of Mo, W and V in aquatic and terrestrial systems.
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