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Awais MM, Fei S, Xia J, Feng M, Sun J. Insights into midgut cell types and their crucial role in antiviral immunity in the lepidopteran model Bombyx mori. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349428. [PMID: 38420120 PMCID: PMC10899340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The midgut, a vital component of the digestive system in arthropods, serves as an interface between ingested food and the insect's physiology, playing a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and immune defense mechanisms. Distinct cell types, including columnar, enteroendocrine, goblet and regenerative cells, comprise the midgut in insects and contribute to its robust immune response. Enterocytes/columnar cells, the primary absorptive cells, facilitate the immune response through enzyme secretions, while regenerative cells play a crucial role in maintaining midgut integrity by continuously replenishing damaged cells and maintaining the continuity of the immune defense. The peritrophic membrane is vital to the insect's innate immunity, shielding the midgut from pathogens and abrasive food particles. Midgut juice, a mixture of digestive enzymes and antimicrobial factors, further contributes to the insect's immune defense, helping the insect to combat invading pathogens and regulate the midgut microbial community. The cutting-edge single-cell transcriptomics also unveiled previously unrecognized subpopulations within the insect midgut cells and elucidated the striking similarities between the gastrointestinal tracts of insects and higher mammals. Understanding the intricate interplay between midgut cell types provides valuable insights into insect immunity. This review provides a solid foundation for unraveling the complex roles of the midgut, not only in digestion but also in immunity. Moreover, this review will discuss the novel immune strategies led by the midgut employed by insects to combat invading pathogens, ultimately contributing to the broader understanding of insect physiology and defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Peritrophin-like Genes Are Associated with Delousing Drug Response and Sensitivity in the Sea Louse Caligus rogercresseyi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113341. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Caligus rogercresseyi is the main ectoparasite that affects the salmon industry in Chile. The mechanisms used by the parasite to support its life strategy are of great interest for developing control strategies. Due to the critical role of insect peritrophins in host–parasite interactions and response to pest control drugs, this study aimed to identify and characterize the peritrophin-like genes present in C. rogercresseyi. Moreover, the expression of peritrophin-like genes was evaluated on parasites exposed to delousing drugs such as pyrethroids and azamethiphos. Peritrophin genes were identified by homology analysis among the sea louse transcriptome database and arthropods peritrophin-protein database obtained from GenBank and UniProt. Moreover, the gene loci in the parasite genome were located. Furthermore, peritrophin gene expression levels were evaluated by RNA-Seq analysis in sea louse developmental stages and sea lice exposed to delousing drugs deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and azamethiphos. Seven putative peritrophin-like genes were identified in C. rogercresseyi with high homology with other crustacean peritrophins. Differences in the presence of signal peptides, the number of chitin-binding domains, and the position of conserved cysteines were found. In addition, seven peritrophin-like gene sequences were identified in the C. rogercresseyi genome. Gene expression analysis revealed a stage-dependent expression profile. Notably, differential regulation of peritrophin genes in resistant and susceptible populations to delousing drugs was found. These data are the first report and characterization of peritrophin genes in the sea louse C. rogercresseyi, representing valuable knowledge to understand sea louse biology. Moreover, this study provides evidence for a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of C. rogercresseyi response to delousing drugs.
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Characteristics of the Peritrophic Matrix of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori and Factors Influencing Its Formation. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060516. [PMID: 34199436 PMCID: PMC8227122 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The insect midgut is an important digestive organ with the peritrophic matrix (PM) being a semi-permeable membrane secreted by the midgut cells. The PM plays an important role in improving midgut digestion efficiency and protecting the midgut from food particles and exogenous pathogens. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an economically important insect. Understanding the structure of the PM is necessary for studying its function, but characteristics of PM in B. mori have been rarely reported. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive study on the PM structure of the PM in silkworms and found its thickness increased gradually during growth, but there was no difference in the thickness comparing the anterior, middle, and posterior regions. Permeability of the PM gradually decreased from the anterior to posterior regions. In addition, we found the formation of the PM was influenced by food ingestion and the gut microbiota. Abstract The peritrophic matrix (PM) secreted by the midgut cells of insects is formed by the binding of PM proteins to chitin fibrils. The PM envelops the food bolus, serving as a barrier between the content of the midgut lumen and its epithelium, and plays a protective role for epithelial cells against mechanical damage, pathogens, toxins, and other harmful substances. However, few studies have investigated the characteristics and synthesis factors of the PM in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Here, we examined the characteristics of the PM in the silkworms. The PM thickness of the silkworms increased gradually during growth, while there was no significant difference in thickness along the entire PM region. Permeability of the PM decreased gradually from the anterior to posterior PM. We also found that PM synthesis was affected by food ingestion and the gut microbiota. Our results are beneficial for future studies regarding the function of the PM in silkworms.
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Yang C, Liu Q, Peng M, Chen X, Zhu W, Chen X, Li Q, Zeng D, Zhao Y. Penaeus stylirostris densovirus proteins CP and NS1 interact with peritrophin of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:357-364. [PMID: 32791095 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Penaeus stylirostris densovirus (PstDNV) is a major virus of shrimps that severely harms the shrimp farming industry. Peritrophin is a peritrophic membrane protein with chitin binding activity. To examine the roles of peritrophin in viral infection, we used yeast two-hybrid to analyze the interaction between the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) peritrophin and PstDNV proteins (CP, NS1 and NS2). The yeast two-hybrid results showed that NS1 and peritrophin had an interaction, CP and peritrophin had an interaction as well, and NS2 had no interaction with peritrophin. We validated the interactions with GST pull-down assays. We then conducted RNA interference and qRT-PCR. The results showed that when pre-injection of dsRNA-peritrophin, the quantity of PstDNV in the shrimps injected with viruses was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.01), indicating the viral infection was decreased when the peritrophin gene expression was inhibited. The results indicated that peritrophin of L. vannamei participated in the PstDNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Min Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Weilin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiangyong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Digang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China.
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China.
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Zha XL, Yu XB, Zhang HY, Wang H, Huang XZ, Shen YH, Lu C. Identification of Peritrophins and Antiviral Effect of Bm01504 against BmNPV in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217973. [PMID: 33121000 PMCID: PMC7663561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect midgut secretes a semi-permeable, acellular peritrophic membrane (PM) that maintains intestinal structure, promotes digestion, and protects the midgut from food particles and pathogenic microorganisms. Peritrophin is an important PM protein (PMP) in the PM. Here, we identified 11 peritrophins with 1–16 chitin binding domains (CBDs) comprising 50–56 amino acid residues. Multiple CBDs in the same peritrophin clustered together, rather than by species. The CBD contained six highly conserved cysteine residues, with the key feature of amino acids between them being CX11-15CX5CX9-14CX11-12CX6-7C. Peritrophins with 2 and 4 CBDs (Bm09641 and Bm01504, respectively), and with 1, 8, and 16 CBDs (Bm11851, Bm00185, and Bm01491, respectively) were mainly expressed in the anterior midgut, and throughout the midgut, respectively. Survival rates of transgenic silkworms with Bm01504 overexpression (Bm01504-OE) and knockout (Bm01504-KO) infected with B. morinucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) were significantly higher and lower, whereas expression of the key viral gene, p10, were lower and higher, respectively, compared with wild type (WT). Therefore, Bm01504-OE and Bm01504-KO transgenic silkworms were more and less resistant, respectively, to BmNPV. Bm01504 plays important roles in resisting BmNPV invasion. We provide a new perspective for studying PM function, and reveal how the silkworm midgut resists invasive exogenous pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Le Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.-L.Z.); (X.-B.Y.); (H.-Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Xin-Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.-L.Z.); (X.-B.Y.); (H.-Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.-L.Z.); (X.-B.Y.); (H.-Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.-L.Z.); (X.-B.Y.); (H.-Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Xian-Zhi Huang
- Science and Technology Department, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Yi-Hong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.-L.Z.); (X.-B.Y.); (H.-Y.Z.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-138-8360-7000 (Y.-H.S.); +86-23-6825-0346 (C.L.)
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.-L.Z.); (X.-B.Y.); (H.-Y.Z.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-138-8360-7000 (Y.-H.S.); +86-23-6825-0346 (C.L.)
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Identification and Functional Analysis of Two Chitin Synthase Genes in the Common Cutworm, Spodoptera litura. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11040253. [PMID: 32316461 PMCID: PMC7240487 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is one the main components of the insect cuticle, and chitin synthase (CHS) is an important enzyme required for chitin formation. CHS has been characterized in various insect species, but the structure and biochemical properties in Spodoptera litura have not been determined. In this study, we identified two CHS genes, SlCHS1 and SlCHS2, which encode proteins with 1565 and 1520 amino acid residues, respectively. Transcriptional analysis suggested that SlCHS1 has a high expression level in the integument whereas SlCHS2 showed the highest expression level in the midgut. During S. litura growth and development, SlCHS1 and SlCHS2 were both predominantly expressed in the fourth-instar larval stage. In addition, the expression of SlCHS1 and SlCHS2 could be induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Silencing of SlCHS1 by RNA interference significantly inhibited the pupation and molting of S. litura larvae (RNAi), while knockdown of SlCHS2 had no significant effects on the S. litura phenotype. These results may provide a new molecular target for control of S. litura.
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Mohd Ghani F, Bhassu S. A new insight to biomarkers related to resistance in survived-white spot syndrome virus challenged giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8107. [PMID: 31875142 PMCID: PMC6927347 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of diseases such as white spot disease has become a threat to Penaeus monodon cultivation. Although there have been a few studies utilizing RNA-Seq, the cellular processes of host-virus interaction in this species remain mostly anonymous. In the present study, P. monodon was challenged with WSSV by intramuscular injection and survived for 12 days. The effect of the host gene expression by WSSV infection in the haemocytes, hepatopancreas and muscle of P. monodon was studied using Illumina HiSeq 2000. The RNA-Seq of cDNA libraries was developed from surviving WSSV-challenged shrimp as well as from normal healthy shrimp as control. A comparison of the transcriptome data of the two groups showed 2,644 host genes to be significantly up-regulated and 2,194 genes significantly down-regulated as a result of the infection with WSSV. Among the differentially expressed genes, our study discovered HMGB, TNFSF and c-Jun in P. monodon as new potential candidate genes for further investigation for the development of potential disease resistance markers. Our study also provided significant data on the differential expression of genes in the survived WSSV infected P. monodon that will help to improve understanding of host-virus interactions in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Mohd Ghani
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li Z, Tian S, Yang H, Zhou X, Xu S, Zhang Z, Gong J, Hou Y, Xia Q. Genome-wide identification of chitin-binding proteins and characterization of BmCBP1 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:400-412. [PMID: 29087606 PMCID: PMC7379184 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The insect cuticle plays important roles in numerous physiological functions to protect the body from invasion of pathogens, physical injury and dehydration. In this report, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide search for genes encoding proteins with peritrophin A-type (ChtBD2) chitin-binding domain (CBD) in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. One of these genes, which encodes the cuticle protein BmCBP1, was additionally cloned, and its expression and location during the process of development and molting in B. mori were investigated. In total, 46 protein-coding genes were identified in the silkworm genome, including those encoding 15 cuticle proteins analogous to peritrophins with one CBD (CPAP1s), nine cuticle proteins analogous to peritrophins with three CBD (CPAP3s), 15 peritrophic membrane proteins (PMPs), four chitinases, and three chitin deacetylases, which contained at least one ChtBD2 domain. Microarray analysis indicated that CPAP-encoding genes were widely expressed in various tissues, whereas PMP genes were highly expressed in the midgut. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting showed that the cuticle protein BmCBP1 was highly expressed in the epidermis and head, particularly during molting and metamorphosis. An immunofluorescence study revealed that chitin co-localized with BmCBP1 at the epidermal surface during molting. Additionally, BmCBP1 was notably up-regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment. These results provide a genome-level view of the chitin-binding protein in silkworm and suggest that BmCBP1 participates in the formation of the new cuticle during molting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Lang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Sha Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shu‐Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zi‐Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qing‐You Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Rodríguez-de la Noval C, Rodríguez-Cabrera L, Izquierdo L, Espinosa LA, Hernandez D, Ponce M, Moran-Bertot I, Tellez-Rodríguez P, Borras-Hidalgo O, Huang S, Kan Y, Wright DJ, Ayra-Pardo C. Functional expression of a peritrophin A-like SfPER protein is required for larval development in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:2630. [PMID: 30796291 PMCID: PMC6385298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritrophins are associated with structural and functional integrity of peritrophic membranes (PM), structures composed of chitin and proteins. PM lines the insect midgut and has roles in digestion and protection from toxins. We report the full-length cDNA cloning, molecular characterization and functional analysis of SfPER, a novel PM peritrophin A protein, in Spodoptera frugiperda. The predicted amino acid sequence indicated SfPER's domain structure as a CMCMC-type, consisting of a signal peptide and three chitin-binding (C) domains with two intervening mucin-like (M) domains. Phylogenetic analysis determined a close relationship between SfPER and another S. frugiperda PM peritrophin partial sequence. SfPER transcripts were found in larvae and adults but were absent from eggs and pupae. Chitin affinity studies with a recombinant SfPER-C1 peritrophin A-type domain fused to SUMO/His-tag confirmed that SfPER binds to chitin. Western blots of S. frugiperda larval proteins detected different sized variants of SfPER along the PM, with larger variants found towards the posterior PM. In vivo suppression of SfPER expression did not affect susceptibility of larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, but significantly decreased pupal weight and adult emergence, possibly due to PM structural alterations impairing digestion. Our results suggest SfPER could be a novel target for insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rodríguez-de la Noval
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, 10600, Cuba
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Laurent Izquierdo
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Luis A Espinosa
- Analytical Unit Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Daily Hernandez
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Milagro Ponce
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Ivis Moran-Bertot
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Pilar Tellez-Rodríguez
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Orlando Borras-Hidalgo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Siliang Huang
- China-UK, NYNU-RRES Joint Insect Biology Laboratory, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- China-UK, NYNU-RRES Joint Insect Biology Laboratory, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Denis J Wright
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Camilo Ayra-Pardo
- China-UK, NYNU-RRES Joint Insect Biology Laboratory, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China.
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Sandoval-Mojica AF, Scharf ME. GUT GENES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PERITROPHIC MATRIX IN Reticulitermes flavipes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae): IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 92:127-142. [PMID: 27087028 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The peritrophic matrix (PM) is an acellular structure that lines the gut of most insects. It is an attractive target for pest management strategies because of its close involvement in digestive processes and role as a barrier against pathogens and toxins. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize the genes that translate for principal components of the Reticulitermes flavipes PM. Genes encoding a gut chitin synthase (CHS), two proteins with peritrophin-A domains, and a chitin deacetylase were identified from an R. flavipes symbiont-free gut cDNA library, a pyrosequencing study of termite lignocellulose digestion, and a metatranscriptomic analysis of R. flavipes fed on agricultural biomass. Quantitative expression analysis of the identified genes, in the termite digestive tract, revealed that the transcripts coding for a CHS (RfCHSB) and the proteins with peritrophin-A domains (RfPPAD1 and RfPPAD2) were predominantly expressed in the midgut, suggesting an association with the PM. The peritrophin identity of the RfPPAD2 gene was confirmed by immunodetection of its translated peptide in the midgut and PM. The discovery and characterization of PM components of R. flavipes provides a basis for further investigation of the viability of this structure as a target for candidate termiticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael E Scharf
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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