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Rajagopalan K, DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Pruett M, Jones VP, Corby-Harris V, Pireaud J, Curry R, Hopkins B, Northfield TD. Warmer autumns and winters could reduce honey bee overwintering survival with potential risks for pollination services. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5410. [PMID: 38528007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Honey bees and other pollinators are critical for food production and nutritional security but face multiple survival challenges. The effect of climate change on honey bee colony losses is only recently being explored. While correlations between higher winter temperatures and greater colony losses have been noted, the impacts of warmer autumn and winter temperatures on colony population dynamics and age structure as an underlying cause of reduced colony survival have not been examined. Focusing on the Pacific Northwest US, our objectives were to (a) quantify the effect of warmer autumns and winters on honey bee foraging activity, the age structure of the overwintering cluster, and spring colony losses, and (b) evaluate indoor cold storage as a management strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. We perform simulations using the VARROAPOP population dynamics model driven by future climate projections to address these objectives. Results indicate that expanding geographic areas will have warmer autumns and winters extending honey bee flight times. Our simulations support the hypothesis that late-season flight alters the overwintering colony age structure, skews the population towards older bees, and leads to greater risks of colony failure in the spring. Management intervention by moving colonies to cold storage facilities for overwintering has the potential to reduce honey bee colony losses. However, critical gaps remain in how to optimize winter management strategies to improve the survival of overwintering colonies in different locations and conditions. It is imperative that we bridge the gaps to sustain honey bees and the beekeeping industry and ensure food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman
- United States Department of Agriculture ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Vincent P Jones
- Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Vanessa Corby-Harris
- United States Department of Agriculture ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tobin D Northfield
- Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA
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2
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Sang H, Li Y, Tan S, Gao P, Wang B, Guo S, Luo S, Sun C. Conservation genomics analysis reveals recent population decline and possible causes in bumblebee Bombus opulentus. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38297451 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bumblebees are a genus of pollinators (Bombus) that play important roles in natural ecosystem and agricultural production. Several bumblebee species have been recorded as under population decline, and the proportion of species experiencing population decline within subgenus Thoracobombus is higher than average. Bombus opulentus is 1 species in Thoracobombus, but little is known about its recent population dynamics. Here, we employed conservation genomics methods to investigate the population dynamics of B. opulentus during the recent past and identify the likely environmental factors that may cause population decline. Firstly, we placed the scaffold-level of B. opulentus reference genome sequence onto chromosome-level using Hi-C technique. Then, based on this reference genome and whole-genome resequencing data for 51 B. opulentus samples, we reconstructed the population structure and effective population size (Ne ) trajectories of B. opulentus and identified genes that were under positive selection. Our results revealed that the collected B. opulentus samples could be divided into 2 populations, and 1 of them experienced a recent population decline; the declining population also exhibited lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding levels. Genes related to high-temperature tolerance, immune response, and detoxication showed signals of positive selection in the declining population, suggesting that climate warming and pathogen/pesticide exposures may contribute to the decline of this B. opulentus population. Taken together, our study provided insights into the demography of B. opulentus populations and highlighted that populations of the same bumblebee species could have contrasting Ne trajectories and population decline could be caused by a combination of various stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Sang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yancan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuxin Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Yan'an Beekeeping Experimental Station, Yan'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Shengnan Guo
- Hengshui center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Shudong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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3
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Ramos Aguila LC, Li X, Akutse KS, Bamisile BS, Sánchez Moreano JP, Lie Z, Liu J. Host-Parasitoid Phenology, Distribution, and Biological Control under Climate Change. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2290. [PMID: 38137891 PMCID: PMC10744521 DOI: 10.3390/life13122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change raises a serious threat to global entomofauna-the foundation of many ecosystems-by threatening species preservation and the ecosystem services they provide. Already, changes in climate-warming-are causing (i) sharp phenological mismatches among host-parasitoid systems by reducing the window of host susceptibility, leading to early emergence of either the host or its associated parasitoid and affecting mismatched species' fitness and abundance; (ii) shifting arthropods' expansion range towards higher altitudes, and therefore migratory pest infestations are more likely; and (iii) reducing biological control effectiveness by natural enemies, leading to potential pest outbreaks. Here, we provided an overview of the warming consequences on biodiversity and functionality of agroecosystems, highlighting the vital role that phenology plays in ecology. Also, we discussed how phenological mismatches would affect biological control efficacy, since an accurate description of stage differentiation (metamorphosis) of a pest and its associated natural enemy is crucial in order to know the exact time of the host susceptibility/suitability or stage when the parasitoids are able to optimize their parasitization or performance. Campaigns regarding landscape structure/heterogeneity, reduction of pesticides, and modelling approaches are urgently needed in order to safeguard populations of natural enemies in a future warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - Jessica Paola Sánchez Moreano
- Grupo Traslacional en Plantas, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Parroquia Muyuna km 7 vía Alto Tena, Tena 150150, Napo, Ecuador;
| | - Zhiyang Lie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.)
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4
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Sheffield C, Palmier KM. Range expansion of Bombus (Pyrobombus) bimaculatus Cresson in Canada (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e104657. [PMID: 37305447 PMCID: PMC10248724 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The two-spotted bumble bee, Bombusbimaculatus Cresson, 1863 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), is a common species in central North America, with few published records of this species in Canada west of Ontario or east of Quebec. New information Based on recently collected specimens from Saskatchewan and confirmed records posted to iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/) in the past 10 years (i.e. since 2013), we provide evidence that this species has only recently expanded its range in Canada, westwards into the Prairies Ecozone (Manitoba, Saskatchewan) and east into the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Sheffield
- Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, CanadaRoyal Saskatchewan MuseumReginaCanada
| | - Kirsten M. Palmier
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of ReginaReginaCanada
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5
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Prileson EG, Clark J, Diamond SE, Lenard A, Medina-Báez OA, Yilmaz AR, Martin RA. Keep your cool: Overwintering physiology in response to urbanization in the acorn ant, Temnothorax curvispinosus. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103591. [PMID: 37276746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Winter presents a challenge for survival, yet temperate ectotherms have remarkable physiological adaptations to cope with low-temperature conditions. Under recent climate change, rather than strictly relaxing pressure on overwintering survival, warmer winters can instead disrupt these low-temperature trait-environment associations, with negative consequences for populations. While there is increasing evidence of physiological adaptation to contemporary warming during the growing season, the effects of winter warming on physiological traits are less clear. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a common garden experiment using relatively warm-adapted versus cold-adapted populations of the acorn ant, Temnothorax curvispinosus, sampled across an urban heat island gradient, to explore the effects of winter conditions on plasticity and evolution of physiological traits. We found no evidence of evolutionary divergence in chill coma recovery nor in metabolic rate at either of two test temperatures (4 and 10 °C). Although we found the expected plastic response of increased metabolic rate under the 10 °C acute test temperature as compared with the 4 °C test temperature, this plastic response, (i.e., the acute thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate), was not different across populations. Surprisingly, we found that winter-acclimated urban ant populations exhibited higher heat tolerance compared with rural ant populations, and that the magnitude of divergence was comparable to that observed among growing-season acclimated ants. Finally, we found no evidence of differences between populations with respect to changes in colony size from the beginning to the end of the overwintering experiment. Together, these findings indicate that despite the evolution of higher heat tolerance that is often accompanied by losses in low-temperature tolerance, urban acorn ants have retained several components of low-temperature physiological performance when assessed under ecologically relevant overwintering conditions. Our study suggests the importance of measuring physiological traits under seasonally-relevant conditions to understand the causes and consequences of evolutionary responses to contemporary warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Prileson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, USA.
| | - Jordan Clark
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, USA
| | | | - Angie Lenard
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, USA
| | | | - Aaron R Yilmaz
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Ryan A Martin
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, USA
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Pugesek G, Thuma JA, Crone EE. First field-based estimates of bumblebee diapause survival rates showcase high survivorship in the wild. JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION 2023; 27:1-10. [PMID: 37360646 PMCID: PMC10164617 DOI: 10.1007/s10841-023-00478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Bumblebee (Bombus spp.) queens overwintered in artificial settings tend to have low survival rates, raising concerns that diapause may be a particularly sensitive life cycle stage for this ecologically and economically valuable group of pollinators. However, it remains unclear whether lab-based estimates of diapause survival are comparable to survival rates of natural populations. In this study, we monitored the survival of Bombus impatiens queens overwintering in the field in Ipswich, MA, and conducted a meta-analysis of studies that estimate queen diapause survival in the lab to compare our field-based estimates of survival to those of lab-based studies. We found that queen B. impatiens had relatively high rates of overwintering survival after about six months (> 60%), especially when compared to estimates of six-month survival from lab studies (< 10%). We also observed a trend that broadly corroborates many lab studies of bumblebees, in that overwinter survival of queens was related to colony origin. In addition to providing the first estimate of diapause survival for bumblebee queens in nature, our study emphasizes the need to verify patterns observed in the lab to field-based studies. Implications for insect conservation Although protecting target species during sensitive life cycle stages is a fundamental goal of conservation ecology, it is first necessary to identify at what stages of the life cycle populations are most vulnerable. Our results suggest that, at least in some study systems, diapause survival of queen bumblebees in the field may be higher than suggested by lab studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10841-023-00478-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Pugesek
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | | | - Elizabeth E. Crone
- The Department of Evolution and Ecology, Univeristy of California, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Hart AF, Verbeeck J, Ariza D, Cejas D, Ghisbain G, Honchar H, Radchenko VG, Straka J, Ljubomirov T, Lecocq T, Dániel-Ferreira J, Flaminio S, Bortolotti L, Karise R, Meeus I, Smagghe G, Vereecken N, Vandamme P, Michez D, Maebe K. Signals of adaptation to agricultural stress in the genomes of two European bumblebees. Front Genet 2022; 13:993416. [PMID: 36276969 PMCID: PMC9579324 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.993416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced environmental impacts on wildlife are widespread, causing major biodiversity losses. One major threat is agricultural intensification, typically characterised by large areas of monoculture, mechanical tillage, and the use of agrochemicals. Intensification leads to the fragmentation and loss of natural habitats, native vegetation, and nesting and breeding sites. Understanding the adaptability of insects to these changing environmental conditions is critical to predicting their survival. Bumblebees, key pollinators of wild and cultivated plants, are used as model species to assess insect adaptation to anthropogenic stressors. We investigated the effects of agricultural pressures on two common European bumblebees, Bombus pascuorum and B. lapidarius. Restriction-site Associated DNA Sequencing was used to identify loci under selective pressure across agricultural-natural gradients over 97 locations in Europe. 191 unique loci in B. pascuorum and 260 in B. lapidarius were identified as under selective pressure, and associated with agricultural stressors. Further investigation suggested several candidate proteins including several neurodevelopment, muscle, and detoxification proteins, but these have yet to be validated. These results provide insights into agriculture as a stressor for bumblebees, and signal for conservation action in light of ongoing anthropogenic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex F. Hart
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Lab of Agrozoology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaro Verbeeck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Lab of Agrozoology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Ariza
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Lab of Agrozoology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diego Cejas
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Ghisbain
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
| | - Hanna Honchar
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir G. Radchenko
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jakub Straka
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Toshko Ljubomirov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Lecocq
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, Nancy, France
| | | | - Simone Flaminio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bortolotti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | - Reet Karise
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivan Meeus
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Lab of Agrozoology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Lab of Agrozoology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Vereecken
- Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Kevin Maebe
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Lab of Agrozoology, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kevin Maebe,
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Gómez SR, Gil‐Tapetado D, García‐Gila J, Blasco‐Aróstegui J, Polidori C. The leaf beetle Labidostomis lusitanica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as an Iberian pistachio pest: projecting risky areas. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:217-229. [PMID: 34472706 PMCID: PMC9293163 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is a commercially important tree in the Mediterranean basin, where there is a considerable increase in cultivation, especially in Spain. Because of its recent introduction as a crop in the country (1980s), studies on the pests of pistachio in Spain are still rare. Here, we studied the leaf beetle Labidostomis lusitanica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which was observed on pistachio and might become a serious pest under the expanding Spanish pistachio fields. Because early detection of pests is extremely important to properly plan control strategies, we (i) updated the information on the distribution of the species through samplings and surveys, and (ii) modelled its potential distribution. RESULTS Currently, L. lusitanica occurs across the whole Iberian Peninsula, especially in its southern and eastern parts, with adults on flight roughly from late April to early June. Analysis of climatic niches showed that L. lusitanica prefers dry and hot areas, which are conditions found especially in the central-southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Such highly suitable areas for this pest overlap considerably with the suitable areas for pistachio cultivation. Surveys of pistachio growers weakly suggested a higher pest attack probability, but, unexpectedly, a lower perceived impact in very suitable areas for L. lusitanica, suggesting that other factors may shape its pest potential in a complex way. CONCLUSION In line with what has been observed for other Labidostomis species on pistachio in other Mediterranean countries, L. lusitanica has a good potential to harm pistachio production in Spain, claiming for further investigations and prevention strategies. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodrigo Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM)Universidad de Castilla‐La ManchaToledoSpain
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF)‐Centro de Investigación Agroambiental “El Chaparrillo”Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Diego Gil‐Tapetado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | | | - Javier Blasco‐Aróstegui
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Carlo Polidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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9
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Borański M, Celary W, Jachuła J. First record of Lithurguscornutus (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae) from Poland. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e75997. [PMID: 34916869 PMCID: PMC8671310 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e75997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the first record of Lithurguscornutus (Fabricius, 1787) in Poland. Until recently, bees of the genus Lithurgus have not been recorded in Poland. Five females and one male of L.cornutus were caught in Lublin Region, SE Poland. The localities are beyond the range of this species, being the northernmost known records from Central Europe. The following information is provided: short diagnosis, ecology, distribution, recent records and threat status of L.cornutus in Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Borański
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland The National Institute of Horticultural Research Skierniewice Poland
| | - Waldemar Celary
- University of Jan Kochanowski, Kielce, Poland University of Jan Kochanowski Kielce Poland
| | - Jacek Jachuła
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland The National Institute of Horticultural Research Skierniewice Poland
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10
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Abstract
Predictions of future biological invasions often rely on the assumption that introduced species establish only under climatic conditions similar to those in their native range. To date, 135 studies have tested this assumption of 'niche conservatism', yielding contradictory results. Here we revisit this literature, consider the evidence for niche shifts, critically assess the methods used, and discuss the authors' interpretations of niche shifts. We find that the true frequency of niche shifts remains unknown because of diverging interpretations of similar metrics, conceptual issues biasing conclusions towards niche conservatism, and the use of climatic data that may not be biologically meaningful. We argue that these issues could be largely addressed by focussing on trends or relative degrees of niche change instead of dichotomous classifications (shift versus no shift), consistently and transparently including non-analogous climates, and conducting experimental studies on mismatches between macroclimates and microclimates experienced by the study organism. Furthermore, an observed niche shift may result either from species filling a greater part of their fundamental niche during the invasion (a 'realised niche shift') or from rapid evolution of traits adapting species to novel climates in the introduced range (a 'fundamental niche shift'). Currently, there is no conclusive evidence distinguishing between these potential mechanisms of niche shifts. We outline how these questions may be addressed by combining computational analyses and experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Bates
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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11
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Yang LH, Postema EG, Hayes TE, Lippey MK, MacArthur-Waltz DJ. The complexity of global change and its effects on insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:90-102. [PMID: 34004376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global change includes multiple overlapping and interacting drivers: 1) climate change, 2) land use change, 3) novel chemicals, and 4) the increased global transport of organisms. Recent studies have documented the complex and counterintuitive effects of these drivers on the behavior, life histories, distributions, and abundances of insects. This complexity arises from the indeterminacy of indirect, non-additive and combined effects. While there is wide consensus that global change is reorganizing communities, the available data are limited. As the pace of anthropogenic changes outstrips our ability to document its impacts, ongoing change may lead to increasingly unpredictable outcomes. This complexity and uncertainty argue for renewed efforts to address the fundamental drivers of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie H Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
| | - Elizabeth G Postema
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tracie E Hayes
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Population Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mia K Lippey
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Entomology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dylan J MacArthur-Waltz
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Population Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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12
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Becsi B, Formayer H, Brodschneider R. A biophysical approach to assess weather impacts on honey bee colony winter mortality. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210618. [PMID: 34631120 PMCID: PMC8483266 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is one of the most important insects kept by humans, but high colony losses are reported around the world. While the effects of general climatic conditions on colony winter mortality were already demonstrated, no study has investigated specific weather conditions linked to biophysical processes governing colony vitality. Here, we quantify the comparative relevance of four such processes that co-determine the colonies' fitness for wintering during the annual hive management cycle, using a 10-year dataset of winter colony mortality in Austria that includes 266 378 bee colonies. We formulate four process-based hypotheses for wintering success and operationalize them with weather indicators. The empirical data is used to fit simple and multiple linear regression models on different geographical scales. The results show that approximately 20% of winter mortality variability can be explained by the analysed weather conditions, and that it is most sensitive to the duration of extreme cold spells in mid and late winter. Our approach shows the potential of developing weather indicators based on biophysical processes and discusses the way forward for applying them in climate change studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Becsi
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Formayer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Brodschneider
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
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13
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Maebe K, Hart AF, Marshall L, Vandamme P, Vereecken NJ, Michez D, Smagghe G. Bumblebee resilience to climate change, through plastic and adaptive responses. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4223-4237. [PMID: 34118096 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bumblebees are ubiquitous, cold-adapted eusocial bees found worldwide from subarctic to tropical regions of the world. They are key pollinators in most temperate and boreal ecosystems, and both wild and managed populations are significant contributors to agricultural pollination services. Despite their broad ecological niche at the genus level, bumblebee species are threatened by climate change, particularly by rising average temperatures, intensifying seasonality and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. While some temperature extremes may be offset at the individual or colony level through temperature regulation, most bumblebees are expected to exhibit specific plastic responses, selection in various key traits, and/or range contractions under even the mildest climate change. In this review, we provide an in-depth and up-to-date review on the various ways by which bumblebees overcome the threats associated with current and future global change. We use examples relevant to the fields of bumblebee physiology, morphology, behaviour, phenology, and dispersal to illustrate and discuss the contours of this new theoretical framework. Furthermore, we speculate on the extent to which adaptive responses to climate change may be influenced by bumblebees' capacity to disperse and track suitable climate conditions. Closing the knowledge gap and improving our understanding of bumblebees' adaptability or avoidance behaviour to different climatic circumstances will be necessary to improve current species climate response models. These models are essential to make correct predictions of species vulnerability in the face of future climate change and human-induced environmental changes to unfold appropriate future conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Maebe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alex F Hart
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leon Marshall
- Agroecology Lab, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Ghisbain G, Gérard M, Wood TJ, Hines HM, Michez D. Expanding insect pollinators in the Anthropocene. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2755-2770. [PMID: 34288353 PMCID: PMC9292488 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Global changes are severely affecting pollinator insect communities worldwide, resulting in repeated patterns of species extirpations and extinctions. Whilst negative population trends within this functional group have understandably received much attention in recent decades, another facet of global changes has been overshadowed: species undergoing expansion. Here, we review the factors and traits that have allowed a fraction of the pollinating entomofauna to take advantage of global environmental change. Sufficient mobility, high resistance to acute heat stress, and inherent adaptation to warmer climates appear to be key traits that allow pollinators to persist and even expand in the face of climate change. An overall flexibility in dietary and nesting requirements is common in expanding species, although niche specialization can also drive expansion under specific contexts. The numerous consequences of wild and domesticated pollinator expansions, including competition for resources, pathogen spread, and hybridization with native wildlife, are also discussed. Overall, we show that the traits and factors involved in the success stories of expanding pollinators are mostly species specific and context dependent, rendering generalizations of 'winning traits' complicated. This work illustrates the increasing need to consider expansion and its numerous consequences as significant facets of global changes and encourages efforts to monitor the impacts of expanding insect pollinators, particularly exotic species, on natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ghisbain
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Maxence Gérard
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, 7000, Belgium.,Department of Zoology, Division of Functional Morphology, INSECT Lab, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18b, Stockholm, 11418, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Wood
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Heather M Hines
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, U.S.A.,Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, U.S.A
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, 7000, Belgium
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15
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Fourcade Y, Åström S, Öckinger E. Decline of parasitic and habitat-specialist species drives taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional homogenization of sub-alpine bumblebee communities. Oecologia 2021; 196:905-917. [PMID: 34129123 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing biodiversity crisis is characterised not only by an elevated extinction rate but also can lead to an increasing similarity of species assemblages. This is an issue of major concern, as it can reduce ecosystem resilience and functionality. Changes in the composition of pollinator communities have mainly been described in intensive agricultural lowland areas. In this context, using a replicated survey of historical and recent bumblebee diversity, we aimed here to test how documented changes in climate and land use influenced the potential homogenization of sub-alpine bumblebee communities in southern Norway. We assessed the change in community composition in terms of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional (β-)diversity, and estimated the impact of various species traits in probabilities of species gains and losses. Overall, we found a strong reduction in functional diversity, but no change in phylogenetic diversity over time. The β-diversity decreased, especially at high elevations, and this pattern was consistent for taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional β-diversity. The spatial distribution, measured as the average site occupancy, decreased in habitat-specialist species. This was explained by both a higher risk of species loss and a lower probability of species gain for habitat-specialist and parasitic species than for generalist and social species. These findings demonstrate that a narrow niche breadth may contribute to a higher extinction risk in bumblebee species. This non-random impact of disturbance on species may lead to large-scale biotic homogenisation of communities, a pattern that can be detected by investigating biodiversity changes at different scales and across its multiple facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Fourcade
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, 94010, Creteil, France.
| | - Sandra Åström
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Torgarden, Box 5685, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Urban areas are favouring the spread of an alien mud-dauber wasp into climatically non-optimal latitudes. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Polidori C, Sánchez-Fernández D. Environmental niche and global potential distribution of the giant resin bee Megachile sculpturalis, a rapidly spreading invasive pollinator. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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