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Yang S, Qiao J, Zhang M, Kwok LY, Matijašić BB, Zhang H, Zhang W. Prevention and treatment of antibiotics-associated adverse effects through the use of probiotics: A review. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00230-3. [PMID: 38844120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut hosts a diverse microbial community, essential for maintaining overall health. However, antibiotics, commonly prescribed for infections, can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to antibiotic-associated diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and even neurological disorders. Recognizing this, probiotics have emerged as a promising strategy to counteract these adverse effects. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the latest evidence concerning the utilization of probiotics in managing antibiotic-associated side effects. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Probiotics play a crucial role in preserving gut homeostasis, regulating intestinal function and metabolism, and modulating the host immune system. These mechanisms serve to effectively alleviate antibiotic-associated adverse effects and enhance overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | | | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
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2
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Muhammad I, Pan S, Elken EM, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Kong L, Ma H. Antibiotic resistance of probiotics isolated from Chinese corn stover silage. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2165088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inam Muhammad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shrengal, Pakistan
| | - Siyu Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Emad Mohammed Elken
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingcong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Ojha AK, Shah NP, Mishra V, Emanuel N, Taneja NK. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented Indian food products. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:2131-2143. [PMID: 37860739 PMCID: PMC10581985 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) raises questions on qualified presumptive safety status and poses challenge of AMR transmission in food milieu. This study focuses on isolation, identification and characterization of AMR in LAB prevalent in traditional fermented Indian food products. The analysis of 16SrRNA based phylogenetic tree showed placements of isolates among four different genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Weissella and Leuconostoc. In E-strip gradient test of susceptibility to 14 different antibiotics, over 50% of isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, kanamycin, linezolid, streptomycin, trimethoprim and vancomycin. A multivariate principal component analysis, an antibiogram and multiple antibiotic resistance index-values (> 0.2) indicated presence of multidrug-resistance among the isolates. This study reports prevalence of an alarmingly high rate of AMR LAB strains in traditional fermented foods and is important to regulators and public health authorities for developing strategies to control transmission in food systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01305-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Ojha
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana 131028 India
| | - Nagendra Prasad Shah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana 131028 India
| | - Neela Emanuel
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana 131028 India
| | - Neetu Kumra Taneja
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, NIFTEM, Sonipat, Haryana 131028 India
- Centre for Advanced Translational Research in Food Nanobiotechnology (CATR-FNB), NIFTEM, Sonepat, Haryana 131028 India
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Xu D, Zhang X, Yuan X, Han H, Xue Y, Guo X. Hazardous risk of antibiotic resistance genes: Host occurrence, distribution, mobility and vertical transmission from different environments to corn silage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122671. [PMID: 37788797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are one of the emerging contaminants posing a great deal of hazardous risk to public health. This study employed metagenomics and deciphered the potential risk of the antibiotic resistome and their vertical transfer to ensiled whole-crop corn silage harvested from six climate zones: 1. Warm temperate-fully humid-hot summer (Cfa), 2. Arid-desert-cold arid (BWk), 3. Snow-desert-cold summer (Dwc), 4. Snow-desert-hot summer (Dwa), 5. Arid-steppe-cold arid (BSk), and 6. Equatorial-desert (Aw) based on the Köppen-Geiger climate classification in China. The findings demonstrate a high diversity of ARGs, which is related to the drug classes of tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, lincosamide, fosfomycin, and beta lactam. Resistome variations are mostly related to variations in microbial composition and fermentation characteristics of the silages from different climate zones, which are indirectly influenced by environmental conditions. The most dominating ARGs in corn silage were tetM, acrA, H-NS, lnuA, emrR, and KpnG, which is primarily hosted by Klebsiella and Lactobacilli. There were 5 high-risk ARGs (tetM, bacA, SHV-1, dfrA17, and QnrS1) in silage from different climate zones, and the tetM was the most prevalent high-risk ARG. However, throughout the ensiling process, the abundance of ARGs, and mobile ARGs were reduced. The resistome contamination in silage from Tibet (Dwc) with high altitude and harsh environment was relatively low due to the low variety and abundance of ARGs, the low abundance of mobile ARGs and high-risk ARGs. In addition, most of the bacteria responsible for the silage fermentation were also found to be the hosts to the ARGs, although their abundance decreased after 90 d of silage fermentation. Hence, we alert the existence of ARGs-related biosafety risk in silages and call for more attention to the silage ARGs, their hosts, and mobile genetic elements in order to curtail their possible risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Bioyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430075, PR China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Hongyan Han
- The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China
| | - Yanlin Xue
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, 010031, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Zhao L, Wu J, Pan Y, Zhao G, Li Z, Zhang L. The Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii on Diseases and Its Potential Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2580. [PMID: 37894238 PMCID: PMC10609197 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus johnsonii has been used as a probiotic for decades to treat a wide range of illnesses, and has been found to have specific advantages in the treatment of a number of ailments. We reviewed the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of L. johnsonii in various diseases based on PubMed and the Web of Science databases. We obtained the information of 149 L. johnsonii from NCBI (as of 14 February 2023), and reviewed their comprehensive metadata, including information about the plasmids they contain. This review provides a basic characterization of different L. johnsonii and some of their potential therapeutic properties for various ailments. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, it is hoped that they may provide some evidence for future studies. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance of the various strains of L. johnsonii is not clear, and more complete and in-depth studies are needed. In summary, L. johnsonii presents significant research potential for the treatment or prevention of disease; however, more proof is required to justify its therapeutic application. An additional study on the antibiotic resistance genes it contains is also needed to reduce the antimicrobial resistance dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Lanlan Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yingmiao Pan
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.P.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
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6
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Shahali A, Soltani R, Akbari V. Probiotic Lactobacillus and the potential risk of spreading antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:468-477. [PMID: 37842520 PMCID: PMC10568962 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.383703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Lactobacillus, the most popular probiotic, has recently gained more attention because it is a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance. This review summarized and discussed the phenotypic-genotypic characteristics of antibiotic resistance. Experimental approach Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to February 2022. The inclusion criteria were all studies testing antibiotic resistance of probiotic Lactobacillus strains present in human food supplementation and all human/animal model studies in which transferring antibiotic-resistant genes from Lactobacillus strains to another bacterium were investigated. Findings/Results Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Lactobacillus probiotics showed that the most antibiotic resistance was against protein synthesis inhibitors (fourteen studies, 87.5%) and cell wall synthesis inhibitors (ten studies, 62.5%). Nine of these studies reported the transfer of antibiotic resistance from Lactobacillus probiotic as donor species to pathogenic bacteria and mostly used in vitro methods for resistance gene transfer. Conclusion and implications The transferability of resistance genes such as tet and erm in Lactobacillus increases the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance. Further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the potential spread of antibiotic resistance traits via probiotics, especially in elderly people and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rasool Soltani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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7
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Todman H, Arya S, Baker M, Stekel DJ. A model of antibiotic resistance genes accumulation through lifetime exposure from food intake and antibiotic treatment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289941. [PMID: 37590256 PMCID: PMC10434901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections represent one of the most serious contemporary global healthcare crises. Acquisition and spread of resistant infections can occur through community, hospitals, food, water or endogenous bacteria. Global efforts to reduce resistance have typically focussed on antibiotic use, hygiene and sanitation and drug discovery. However, resistance in endogenous infections, e.g. many urinary tract infections, can result from life-long acquisition and persistence of resistance genes in commensal microbial flora of individual patients, which is not normally considered. Here, using individual based Monte Carlo models calibrated using antibiotic use data and human gut resistomes, we show that the long-term increase in resistance in human gut microbiomes can be substantially lowered by reducing exposure to resistance genes found food and water, alongside reduced medical antibiotic use. Reduced dietary exposure is especially important during patient antibiotic treatment because of increased selection for resistance gene retention; inappropriate use of antibiotics can be directly harmful to the patient being treated for the same reason. We conclude that a holistic approach to antimicrobial resistance that additionally incorporates food production and dietary considerations will be more effective in reducing resistant infections than a purely medical-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Todman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sankalp Arya
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dov Joseph Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, Rossmore, South Africa
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Li T, Wang Z, Guo J, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Wang J, Han B, Tao H, Liu J, Wang X. Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents: Mechanisms, control strategies, and implications for global health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160461. [PMID: 36435256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The spread of bacterial drug resistance has posed a severe threat to public health globally. Here, we cover bacterial resistance to current antibacterial drugs, including traditional herbal medicines, conventional antibiotics, and antimicrobial peptides. We summarize the influence of bacterial drug resistance on global health and its economic burden while highlighting the resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria. Based on the One Health concept, we propose 4A strategies to combat bacterial resistance, including prudent Application of antibacterial agents, Administration, Assays, and Alternatives to antibiotics. Finally, we identify several opportunities and unsolved questions warranting future exploration for combating bacterial resistance, such as predicting genetic bacterial resistance through the use of more effective techniques, surveying both genetic determinants of bacterial resistance and the transmission dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hui Tao
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Cross-Over Pathogenic Bacteria Detected in Infected Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Bulgaria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121507. [PMID: 36558841 PMCID: PMC9783152 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of certain human pathogens to adapt to plants without losing their virulence toward people is a major concern today. Thus, the aim of the present work was the investigation of the presence of cross-over pathogenic bacteria in infected tomato and pepper plants. The objects of the study were 21 samples from seven different parts of the plants and three from tomato rhizosphere. In total, 26 strains were isolated, identified by MALDI-TOF, and phenotypically characterized. The PCR amplification of the rpoB gene was applied as an approach for the rapid detection of cross-over pathogens in plant samples. A great bacterial diversity was revealed from tomato samples as nine species were identified (Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudesherichia vulneris, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter bugandensis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea ananatis, and Pectobacterium carotovorum). Polymicrobial contaminations were observed in samples T2 (tomato flower) and T10 (tomato fruit). Five species were identified from pepper samples (P. agglomerans, L. adecarboxylata, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas putida, and Enterococcus sp.). Antibiotic resistance patterns were assigned in accordance with EFSA recommendations. All isolates showed varying resistance to the tested antibiotics. The genetic basis for the phenotypic antibiotic resistance was not revealed. No genes for the virulence factors were found among the population. To our knowledge, this is the first overall investigation of tomato and pepper cross-over pathogenic bacterial populations in Bulgaria.
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Haryani Y, Halid NA, Guat GS, Nor-Khaizura MAR, Hatta MAM, Sabri S, Radu S, Hasan H. High prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in fermented food-associated lactic acid bacteria in Malaysia. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Lactobacillus Strains for Vegetable Juice Fermentation—Quality and Health Aspects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112867. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable juices are new carrier variants for beneficial bacteria, representing an alternative to dairy-fermented products, especially for vegan, strict vegetarian, or allergic consumers. The aim of this study was to characterize several Romanian native lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to select valuable nutritional and probiotic strains for vegetable juice fermentation. Nineteen LAB strains were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility (disc-diffusion method), the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, the presence of functional genes. and the production of organic acids by HPLC. Antibiotic resistant strains were observed only with ampicillin (Amp10) and kanamycin (K30), 79% and 32%, respectively, with results partially confirmed by molecular analysis. Multiplex PCR revealed the presence of LBA1272, dltD, folP, agl, α-amy, malL, and ribA genes, related to stress resistance, starch metabolism, and production of vitamins, except for folK. HPLC analyses were performed on beet roots (SF), tomato (TM), and a mixture of carrots, celery, and beet (MTS) juices. High values of lactic acid were recorded in all cases of LAB fermentation (5034–14,176 µg/mL). The maximum values recorded for acetic acid did not exceed 2.5 mg/mL having a positive influence on the product’s taste.
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12
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Alarming Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacilli Isolated from Probiotic Preparations and Dietary Supplements. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111557. [DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we screened eight commercially available brands of Lactobacillus-containing probiotic preparations and dietary supplements for resistance towards commonly administered antibiotics of different classes. According to disc diffusion results, most of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin and susceptible to penicillin-type antibiotics (ampicillin and amoxicillin), carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem), and inhibitors of protein synthesis (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, and linezolid). However, based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, six strains were reconsidered as resistant to tetracycline. All tested lactobacilli were resistant towards amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin. Resistance to cephalosporins was highly variable and decreased in the following order: ceftazidime/cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefazolin, and cefoperazone. PCR screening for antibiotic resistance determinants in probiotic lactobacilli revealed a wide occurrence of vancomycin resistance gene vanX, ciprofloxacin resistance gene parC, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaTEM. We also detected the tetK gene for tetracycline resistance in one isolate. Additionally, we identified discrepancies between the claims of the manufacturers and the identified species composition, as well as the enumerated amount of viable bacteria, for several products. The results of this study raise concerns about the safety of lactobacilli for human consumption as probiotics, as they may act as reservoirs of transferable antibiotic resistance genes.
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13
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Oba S, Yildirim T, Karataş ŞM. Probiotics Safety Aspect of Functional Foods. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2135156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Oba
- Department of Food Processing, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Tugce Yildirim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institution of Science, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
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14
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Yarahmadi N, Halimi S, Moradi P, Zamanian MH, Rezaei A, Vaziri S, Akya A, Alvandi A, Yazdani S, Ghadimi D, Moradi J. Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Lactobacilli in Sepsis Patients with Long-Term Antibiotic Therapy. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:318. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Antibiotics have long been used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases and for prophylactic purposes in dairy animals. However, in recent decades it has become a matter of concern due to the widespread belief that there has been an abuse or misuse of these drugs in animals and that this misuse has led to the presence of residues in derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. Therefore, this review aims to compile the scientific literature published to date on the presence of antibiotic residues in these products worldwide. The focus is on the reasons that lead to their presence in food, on the potential problems caused by residues in the characteristics of dairy products and in their manufacturing process, on the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and on the effects that both residues and resistant bacteria can cause on human and environmental health.
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Comparative Genomics and Pan-Genome Driven Prediction of a Reduced Genome of Akkermansia muciniphila. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071350. [PMID: 35889069 PMCID: PMC9315967 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermanisia muciniphila imparts important health benefits and is considered a next-generation probiotic. It is imperative to understand the genomic diversity and metabolic potential of the species for safer applications as probiotics. As it resides with both health-promoting and pathogenic bacteria, understanding the evolutionary patterns are crucial, but this area remains largely unexplored. Moreover, pan-genome has previously been established based on only a limited number of strains and without careful strain selection. The pan-genomics have become very important for understanding species diversity and evolution. In the current study, a systematic approach was used to find a refined pan-genome profile of A. muciniphila by excluding too-diverse strains based on average nucleotide identity-based species demarcation. The strains were divided into four phylogroups using a variety of clustering techniques. Horizontal gene transfer and recombination patterns were also elucidated. Evolutionary patterns revealed that different phylogroups were expanding differently. Furthermore, a comparative evaluation of the metabolic potential of the pan-genome and its subsections was performed. Lastly, the study combines functional annotation, persistent genome, and essential genes to devise an approach to determine a minimal genome that can systematically remove unwanted genes, including virulent factors. The selection of one strain to be used as a chassis for the prediction of a reduced genome was very carefully performed by analyzing several genomic parameters, including the number of unique genes and the resistance and pathogenic potential of the strains. The strategy could be applied to other microbes, including human-associated microbiota, towards a common goal of predicting a minimal or a reduced genome.
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Wang R, Wu J, Jiang N, Lin H, An F, Wu C, Yue X, Shi H, Wu R. Recent developments in horizontal gene transfer with the adaptive innovation of fermented foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:569-584. [PMID: 35647734 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2081127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has contributed significantly to the adaptability of bacteria, yeast and mold in fermented foods, whose evidence has been found in several fermented foods. Although not every HGT has biological significance, it plays an important role in improving the quality of fermented foods. In this review, how HGT facilitated microbial domestication and adaptive evolution in fermented foods was discussed. HGT can assist in the industrial innovation of fermented foods, and this adaptive evolution strategy can improve the quality of fermented foods. Additionally, the mechanism underlying HGT in fermented foods were analyzed. Furthermore, the critical bottlenecks involved in optimizing HGT during the production of fermented foods and strategies for optimizing HGT were proposed. Finally, the prospect of HGT for promoting the industrial innovation of fermented foods was highlighted. The comprehensive report on HGT in fermented foods provides a new trend for domesticating preferable starters for food fermentation, thus optimizing the quality and improving the industrial production of fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhong Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Feiyu An
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Haisu Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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18
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Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in lactobacilli: something to carefully consider. Food Microbiol 2022; 103:103934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Abid S, Farid A, Abid R, Rehman MU, Alsanie WF, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS, Asdaq SMB, Hefft DI, Saqib S, Muzammal M, Morshedy SA, Alruways MW, Ghazanfar S. Identification, Biochemical Characterization, and Safety Attributes of Locally Isolated Lactobacillus fermentum from Bubalus bubalis (buffalo) Milk as a Probiotic. Microorganisms 2022; 10:954. [PMID: 35630398 PMCID: PMC9144466 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand of functional foods is on the rise, and researchers are trying to develop nutritious dairy products by using well-characterized strains of bacteria. In this study, we identified locally isolated strains of Lactobacillus fermentum from Bubalus bubalis (Nilli Ravi buffalo) milk and evaluated their potential as probiotics in food products like fermented milk. Fifteen Lactobacillus strains were initially isolated, and only four strains (NMCC-2, NMCC-14, NMCC-17, and NMCC-27) were examined for morphological and biochemical characterizations due to their ability of gas production in Durham tubes. Moreover, these strains were selected for further probiotic characterizations due to their extreme morphological resemblance with lactic acid bacteria for their antimicrobial activity, enzymatic potential, autoaggregation capability, hydrophobicity, and acid and bile tolerance. All selected isolates showed significant probiotic potential. However, NMCC-14 and NMCC-17 strains showed maximum probiotic potential. The isolates (NMCC-2, NMCC-14, NMCC-17, and NMCC-27) were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The in vivo safety study of NMCC-14 (dose: 1010 CFU/day/mice; 21 days, orally) showed no histological dysfunctions in a mouse model. Pathogenic bacterial enzymes reduced the beneficial bacterial load in the host gastrointestinal tract. These results suggest that the NMCC-14 strain is safe and can be potentially used as a probiotic. Moreover, fermented milk was prepared by using the NMCC-14 strain. The results revealed that NMCC-14 strain-based fermented milk had significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein content (4.4 ± 0.06), water-holding capacity (WHC), and dynamic viscosity as compared to non-fermented milk. The results suggest that L. fermentum NMCC-14 is safe and nontoxic; hence, it can be a beneficial supplement to be used for the development of dairy products to be subjected to further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Abid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Virtual University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan; (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Rameesha Abid
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan;
- National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21944, Saudi Arabia; (W.F.A.); (M.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21944, Saudi Arabia; (W.F.A.); (M.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21944, Saudi Arabia; (W.F.A.); (M.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- Reaseheath College, University Centre Reaseheath, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK;
| | - Saddam Saqib
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi- ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif 12080, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Muzammal
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan; (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Sabrin Abdelrahman Morshedy
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Mashael W. Alruways
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15273, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
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20
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Yang J, Tong C, Xiao D, Xie L, Zhao R, Huo Z, Tang Z, Hao J, Zeng Z, Xiong W. Metagenomic Insights into Chicken Gut Antibiotic Resistomes and Microbiomes. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0190721. [PMID: 35230155 PMCID: PMC9045286 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01907-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The chicken gut microbiota, as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), poses a high risk to humans and animals worldwide. Yet a comprehensive exploration of the chicken gut antibiotic resistomes remains incomplete. In this study, we established the largest chicken gut resistance gene catalogue to date through metagenomic analysis of 629 chicken gut samples. We found significantly higher abundance of ARGs in the Chinese chicken gut than that in the Europe. tetX, mcr, and blaNDM, the genes resistant to antibiotics of last resort for human and animal health, were detected in the Chinese chicken gut. The abundance of ARGs was linearly correlated with that of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The host-tracking analysis identified Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Lactobacillus as the major ARG hosts. Especially, Lactobacillus, an intestinal probiotic, carried multiple drug resistance genes, and was proportional to ISLhe63, highlighting its potential risk in agricultural production processes. We first established a reference gene catalogue of chicken gut antibiotic resistomes. Our study helps to improve the knowledge and understanding of chicken antibiotic resistomes for knowledge-based sustainable chicken meat production. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the chicken gut environment poses a serious threat to human health; however, we lack a comprehensive exploration of antibiotic resistomes and microbiomes in the chicken gut environment. The results of this study demonstrate the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and flora in the chicken gut environment and identify a variety of potential hosts carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Further analysis showed that mobile genetic elements were linearly correlated with antibiotic resistance genes abundance, implying that we should pay attention to the role played by mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance genes transmission. We established a reference genome of gut antibiotic resistance genes in chickens, which will help to rationalize the use of drugs in poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuihong Tong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Safety Assessment of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing, Phenotypic, and Oral Toxicity Analysis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040784. [PMID: 35456834 PMCID: PMC9031848 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10), isolated from Taiwanese pickled cabbage, has been demonstrated to exert beneficial probiotic effects in both mice and humans. Here, we comprehensively assessed the safety of TWK10 using both in vivo and in vitro approaches, including whole-genome sequence analysis, an assessment of hemolytic activity, and performing an antimicrobial susceptibility test, the Ames bacterial reverse mutation assay, the chromosomal aberration test, a rodent peripheral blood micronucleus test, and the 28-day subacute oral toxicity assay. The results showed that there was no significant increase in the incidence of reverse mutations or chromosomal aberrations following exposure to TWK10. Moreover, no significant changes were detected either in the number of reticulocytes or the incidence of micronuclei in ICR mice, and no subacute toxicity was recorded in SD rats at the oral TWK10 dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight/day repeated for 28 days. Additionally, TWK10 exhibited no hemolytic activity and was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, except kanamycin. However, no antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, or genes involved in biogenic amine synthesis were found in the genome of TWK10. Our findings demonstrated that TWK10 has high potential of being safe for human consumption as a probiotic.
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22
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Bai Y, Li L, Wang F, Zhang L, Xiong L. Impact of Dairy Imports on Raw Milk Production Technology Progress in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052911. [PMID: 35270605 PMCID: PMC8910074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
China’s dairy product import volume and output continue to grow rapidly, and to a certain extent, it will form a substitute for the Chinese dairy market. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of the import of dairy products on the technological progress of raw milk production in China. Using the data from 2005 to 2017, this paper uses the DEA model and the input-output model to analyze the impact of China’s dairy product imports on the technological progress of raw milk production. The model results show that: (1) there are differences in the technological content of dairy products from different importing countries; (2) The total technological content of imported dairy products hinders the improvement of the technological progress index of small, medium and large-scale production of raw milk in China, and has the most prominent negative impact on the technological progress of large-scale raw milk production in China; (3) The technological content of dairy products imports from New Zealand, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands and other countries can help improve the technological progress index of China’s moderate-scale production of raw milk, while importing countries from the United States, Canada and other countries hinder it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Bai
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Li Li
- College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Fengting Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
- Zhejiang Province Key Cultivating Think Tank Research Academy for Rural Revitalization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Institute of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (L.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Lizhong Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (L.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Lichun Xiong
- College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
- Zhejiang Province Key Cultivating Think Tank Research Academy for Rural Revitalization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Institute of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (L.Z.); (L.X.)
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23
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Aziz G, Zaidi A, Tariq M. Compositional Quality and Possible Gastrointestinal Performance of Marketed Probiotic Supplements. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:288-312. [PMID: 35199309 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The local pharmacies and shops are brimming with various probiotic products that herald a range of health benefits. The poor quality of probiotic products in both dosage and species is symptomatic of this multi-billion-dollar market making it difficult for consumers to single out reliable ones. This study aims to fill the potential gap in the labeling accuracy of probiotic products intended for human consumption. We describe a combinatorial approach using classical culture-dependent technique to quantify and molecular techniques (16 s rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence, and ribotyping) for strain recognition of the microbial contents. The full gamut of probiotic characteristics including acid, bile and lysozyme tolerances, adhesiveness, anti-pathogenicity, and degree of safeness were performed. Their capacity to endure gastro-intestinal (GIT) stresses and select drugs was assessed in vitro. Our results forced us to declare that the local probiotic market is essentially unregulated. Almost none of the probiotic products tested met the label claim. Some (11%) have no viable cells, and a quarter (27%) showing significant inter-batch variation. A lower microbial count was typical with undesirables constituting a quarter of the total (~ 27%). Half of the products contained antibiotic-resistant strains; the unregulated use of these probiotics carries the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance to gut pathobionts. Poor tolerance to gut conditions and mediocre functionalism make the case worse. The current regulatory systems do not take this discrepancy into account. We recommend an evidence-based regular market surveillance of marketed probiotics to ensure the authenticity of the claims and product effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aziz
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
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Nunziata L, Brasca M, Morandi S, Silvetti T. Antibiotic resistance in wild and commercial non-enterococcal Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria strains of dairy origin: An update. Food Microbiol 2022; 104:103999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Wang Y, Dong J, Wang J, Chi W, Zhou W, Tian Q, Hong Y, Zhou X, Ye H, Tian X, Hu R, Wong A. Assessing the drug resistance profiles of oral probiotic lozenges. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2019992. [PMID: 35024089 PMCID: PMC8745366 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2019992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic lozenges have been developed to harvest the benefits of probiotics for oral health, but their long-term consumption may encourage the transfer of resistance genes from probiotics to commensals, and eventually to disease-causing bacteria. Aim To screen commercial probiotic lozenges for resistance to antibiotics, characterize the resistance determinants, and examine their transferability in vitro. Results Probiotics of all lozenges were resistant to glycopeptide, sulfonamide, and penicillin antibiotics, while some were resistant to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. High minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected for streptomycin (>128 µg/mL) and chloramphenicol (> 512 µg/mL) for all probiotics but only one was resistant to piperacillin (MIC = 32 µg/mL). PCR analysis detected erythromycin (erm(T), ermB or mefA) and fluoroquinolone (parC or gyr(A)) resistance genes in some lozenges although there were no resistant phenotypes. The dfrD, cat-TC, vatE, aadE, vanX, and aph(3")-III or ant(2")-I genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, and streptomycin, respectively, were detected in resistant probiotics. The rifampicin resistance gene rpoB was also present. We found no conjugal transfer of streptomycin resistance genes in our co-incubation experiments. Conclusion Our study represents the first antibiotic resistance profiling of probiotics from oral lozenges, thus highlighting the health risk especially in the prevailing threat of drug resistance globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingya Dong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiwen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hailv Ye
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Grujović MŽ, Mladenović KG, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Laranjo M, Stefanović OD, Kocić-Tanackov SD. Advantages and disadvantages of non-starter lactic acid bacteria from traditional fermented foods: Potential use as starters or probiotics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1537-1567. [PMID: 35029033 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditional fermented foods are a significant source of starter and/or non-starter lactic acid bacteria (nsLAB). Moreover, these microorganisms are also known for their role as probiotics. The potential of nsLAB is huge; however, there are still challenges to be overcome with respect to characterization and application. In the present review, the most important steps that autochthonous lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented foods need to overcome, to qualify as novel starter cultures, or as probiotics, in food technology and biotechnology, are considered. These different characterization steps include precise identification, detection of health-promoting properties, and safety evaluation. Each of these features is strain specific and needs to be accurately determined. This review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of nsLAB, isolated from traditional fermented foods, discussing safety aspects and sensory impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Ž Grujović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Katarina G Mladenović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Laranjo
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Olgica D Stefanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sunčica D Kocić-Tanackov
- Department of Food Preservation Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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Genomic and metabolic features of the Lactobacillus sakei JD10 revealed potential probiotic traits. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126954. [PMID: 34973546 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria that inhabit in the lung play important roles in maintaining the microbiome balance by interacting with the host immune system. Numerous metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide) produced by Lactobacillus sakei possess a special inhibitory spectrum against invading pathogens. In this research, the whole genome of L. sakei JD10 strain isolated from the porcine lung was sequenced and investigated. The whole size of the L. sakei JD10 chromosome was 1,989,921 bp, which encoded a total of 1951 predicted genes. Genome analyses revealed that many genes encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were predicted, which were responsible for the carbohydrate degradation and short chain fatty acids production. The metabolic profiles of short chain fatty acids in the L. sakei JD10 culture medium were measured by GC/TOFMS, and their regulatory effects on bacterial phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells were also determined. The bacteriocin-producing genes of the L. sakei JD10 genome were also predicted, and a bacteriocin gene encoding carnocin was characterized and its molecular structure was analyzed. Two CRISPR-Cas system related genes were identified from the L. sakei JD10 genome, revealed that precise and efficient genome editing technologies could be applied for genetic engineering-manipulation. In all, investigation on the genomic features and metabolic features of L. sakei JD10 showed the potential probiotic traits to fight against pathogenic infection and regulate the host immune function.
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Stergiou OS, Tegopoulos K, Kiousi DE, Tsifintaris M, Papageorgiou AC, Tassou CC, Chorianopoulos N, Kolovos P, Galanis A. Whole-Genome Sequencing, Phylogenetic and Genomic Analysis of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus L33, a Potential Probiotic Strain Isolated From Fermented Sausages. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746659. [PMID: 34764945 PMCID: PMC8576124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus is a diverse genus that includes species of industrial and biomedical interest. Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, formerly known as Lactobacillus pentosus, is a recently reclassified species, that contains strains isolated from diverse environmental niches, ranging from fermented products to mammalian gut microbiota. Importantly, several L. pentosus strains present health-promoting properties, such as immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities, and are regarded as potential probiotic strains. In this study, we present the draft genome sequence of the potential probiotic strain L. pentosus L33, originally isolated from fermented sausages. Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and whole-genome annotation were performed to highlight the genetic loci involved in host-microbe interactions and the probiotic phenotype. Consequently, we found that this strain codes for bile salt hydrolases, adhesins and moonlighting proteins, and for Class IIb bacteriocin peptides lacking the GxxxG and GxxxG-like motifs, crucial for their inhibitory activity. Its adhesion ability was also validated in vitro, on human cancer cells. Furthermore, L. pentosus L33 contains an exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis cluster, and it does not carry transferable antibiotic resistance genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and CAZymes analyses showed that L. pentosus L33 possesses biosynthetic pathways for seven amino acids, while it can degrade a wide array of carbohydrates. In parallel, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) and KEGG profiles of L. pentosus L33 are similar to those of 26 L. pentosus strains, as well as of two well documented L. plantarum probiotic strains. Conclusively, L. pentosus L33 exhibits good probiotic potential, although further studies are needed to elucidate the extent of its biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Sotirios Stergiou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tegopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Despoina Eugenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Margaritis Tsifintaris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aristotelis C Papageorgiou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Chrysoula C Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Kolovos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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29
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Ban Y, Guan LL. Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and health. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:109. [PMID: 34635155 PMCID: PMC8507308 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct-fed microbials (DFMs) are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals' health and production performance. Due to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics, DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock industry. Microorganisms used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria, lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups, and fungi containing Saccharomyces and Aspergillus. To date, the available DFMs for ruminants have been largely based on their effects on improving the feed efficiency and ruminant productivity through enhancing the rumen function such as stabilizing ruminal pH, promoting ruminal fermentation and feed digestion. Recent research has shown emerging evidence that the DFMs may improve performance and health in young ruminants, however, these positive outcomes were not consistent among studies and the modes of action have not been clearly defined. This review summarizes the DFM studies conducted in ruminants in the last decade, aiming to provide the new knowledge on DFM supplementation strategies for various ruminant production stages, and to identify what are the potential barriers and challenges for current ruminant industry to adopt the DFMs. Overall literature research indicates that DFMs have the potential to mitigate ruminal acidosis, improve immune response and gut health, increase productivity (growth and milk production), and reduce methane emissions or fecal shedding of pathogens. More research is needed to explore the mode of action of specific DFMs in the gut of ruminants, and the optimal supplementation strategies to promote the development and efficiency of DFM products for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ban
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Ahmed S, Ashraf F, Tariq M, Zaidi A. Aggrandizement of fermented cucumber through the action of autochthonous probiotic cum starter strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. ANN MICROBIOL 2021; 71:33. [PMID: 34483789 PMCID: PMC8406656 DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cucumber fermentation is traditionally done using lactic acid bacteria. The involvement of probiotic cultures in food fermentation guarantees enhanced organoleptic properties and protects food from spoilage. Methods Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria were isolated from spontaneously fermented cucumber and identified to species level. Only strains adjudged as safe for human consumption were examined for their technological and functional characteristics. Strain efficiency was based on maintaining high numbers of viable cells during simulated GIT conditions and fermentation, significant antioxidant activity, EPS production, nitrite degradation, and antimicrobial ability against Gram-positive and Gram-negative foodborne pathogens. Result Two strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NPL 1258 and Pediococcus pentosaceus NPL 1264, showing a suite of promising functional and technological attributes, were selected as a mixed-species starter for carrying out a controlled lactic acid fermentations of a native cucumber variety. This consortium showed a faster lactic acid-based acidification with more viable cells, at 4% NaCl and 0.2% inulin (w/v) relative to its constituent strains when tested individually. Sensory evaluation rated the lactofermented cucumber acceptable based on texture, taste, aroma, and aftertaste. Conclusion The results suggest that the autochthonous LAB starter cultures can shorten the fermentation cycle and reduce pathogenic organism’ population, thus improving the shelf life and quality of fermented cucumber. The development of these new industrial starters would increase the competitiveness of production and open the country’s frontiers in the fermented vegetable market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ahmed
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 Pakistan
| | - Fatima Ashraf
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 Pakistan
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31
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Li M, Tang Y, Guo L, Lei T, Deng Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Li C. Antibiotic Resistance Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Chinese Paocai. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3853-3862. [PMID: 34390373 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the antibiotic resistance of 218 isolates to 9 different antibiotics was analyzed with minimum inhibitory concentration method. All Lactobacillus pentosus strains were found to be resistant to streptomycin sulfate and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Lactococcus lactis strains were resistant to streptomycin sulfate. Specifically, 90% Klebsiella oxytoca and all Citrobacter freundii strains were resistant to ampicillin sodium. 30% K. oxytoca strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. All Bacillus albus strains were resistant to erythromycin and 80% strains were resistant to ampicillin sodium. Results from PCR analysis revealed that 90 isolates carried the aadE gene. The tetM gene was detected in four L. pentosus isolates. And the streptomycin resistant gene aadA was detected in one L. pentosus isolate. Metagenome analysis revealed that 74.7% genes associated with antibiotic resistance were antibiotic resistance genes. The tetM and aadA genes, detected in PCR analysis, were also retrieved from the paocai metagenome. In brief, this study generated the antibiotic resistance profile of some paocai-originated bacteria strains. L. pentosus found in the final edible paocai were inherently resistant to antibiotics, such as streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Results in this work reminds us to carefully choose the LAB strains for traditional Chinese paocai production to avoid potential spreading of antibiotic resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Sichuan Dongpo Chinese Paocai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Liyan Guo
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Yunfei Deng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644007, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Sichuan Yingshan Vocational Senior High School, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- Sichuan Dongpo Chinese Paocai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Chengkang Li
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China.
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China.
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32
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Leeuwendaal N, Stanton C, O'Toole P, Beresford T. The potential of non-starter lactic acid bacteria from Cheddar cheese to colonise the gut. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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33
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Lu H, Zhao W, Liu WH, Sun T, Lou H, Wei T, Hung WL, Chen Q. Safety Evaluation of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and ET-22 in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:686541. [PMID: 34394030 PMCID: PMC8358461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.686541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been reported to play a major role in maintaining the balance of microbiota in host. Consumption of food with probiotics has increased with consumer concerns regarding healthy diets and wellness. Correspondingly, safety evaluation of probiotics for human consumption has become increasingly important in food industry. Herein, we aimed to test the safety of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and ET-22 strains in vitro and in vivo. In results, these strains were found to be negative for mucin degradation and platelet aggregation test. Additionally, the three strains were susceptible to eight antibiotics. In accordance with bacterial reversion mutation (Ames) assay, the tested strains had no genetic mutagenicity. Finally, it was confirmed that there were no dose-dependent mortality and toxicity throughout multidose oral toxicity tests in rats. Our findings demonstrated that B. lactis BL-99 and L. paracasei K56 and ET-22 can achieve the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status as probiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Wei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abouloifa H, Rokni Y, Bellaouchi R, Ghabbour N, Karboune S, Brasca M, Ben Salah R, Chihib NE, Saalaoui E, Asehraou A. Characterization of Probiotic Properties of Antifungal Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Traditional Fermenting Green Olives. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:683-696. [PMID: 30929140 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to characterize the potential probiotic properties of 14 antifungal Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional fermenting Moroccan green olives. The molecular identification of strains indicated that they are composed of five Lactobacillus brevis, two Lactobacillus pentosus, and seven Lactobacillus plantarum. In combination with bile (0.3%), all the strains showed survival rates (SRs) of 83.19-56.51% at pH 3, while 10 strains showed SRs of 31.67-64.44% at pH 2.5. All the strains demonstrated high tolerance to phenol (0.6%) and produced exopolysaccharides. The autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, antioxidant activities, and surface tension value ranges of the strains were 10.29-41.34%, 15.07-34.67%, 43.11-52.99%, and 36.23-40.27 mN/m, respectively. Bacterial cultures exhibited high antifungal activity against Penicillium sp. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the cultures showed important inhibition zones against Candida pelliculosa (18.2-24.85 mm), as well as an antibacterial effect against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (10.1-14.1 mm). The neutralized cell-free supernatant of the cultures displayed considerable inhibitory activity against C. pelliculosa (11.2-16.4 mm). None of the strains showed acquired or horizontally transferable antibiotic resistance or mucin degradation or DNase, hemolytic, or gelatinase activities. Lactobacillus brevis S82, Lactobacillus pentosus S75, and Lactobacillus plantarum S62 showed aminopeptidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase activities, while the other enzymes of API-ZYM were not detected. The results obtained revealed that the selected antifungal Lactobacillus strains are considered suitable candidates for use both as probiotic cultures for human consumption and for starters and as biopreservative cultures in agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Abouloifa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Yahya Rokni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nabil Ghabbour
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Montreal, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Milena Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riadh Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP: 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nour Eddine Chihib
- INRA-UMR UMET 8207- PIHM team, CNRS-INRA, University of Lille, 369 rue Jules Guesde, BP20039, 59651, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Ennouamane Saalaoui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
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Tang Q, Hao Y, Wang L, Lu C, Li M, Si Z, Wu X, Lu Z. Characterization of a bacterial strain Lactobacillus paracasei LP10266 recovered from an endocarditis patient in Shandong, China. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:183. [PMID: 34134621 PMCID: PMC8210379 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacilli are often recognized as beneficial partners in human microbial environments. However, lactobacilli also cause diseases in human, e.g. infective endocarditis (IE), septicaemia, rheumatic vascular disease, and dental caries. Therefore, the identification of potential pathogenic traits associated with lactobacilli will facilitate the prevention and treatment of the diseases caused by lactobacilli. Herein, we investigated the genomic traits and pathogenic potential of a novel bacterial strain Lactobacillus paracasei LP10266 which has caused a case of IE. We isolated L. paracasei LP10266 from an IE patient’s blood to perform high-throughput sequencing and compared the genome of strain LP10266 with those of closely related lactobacilli to determine genes associated with its infectivity. We performed the antimicrobial susceptibility testing on strain LP10266. We assessed its virulence by mouse lethality and serum bactericidal assays as well as its serum complement- and platelet-activating ability. The biofilm formation and adherence of strain LP10266 were also studied. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain LP10266 was allied with L. casei and L. paracasei. Genomic studies revealed two spaCBA pilus clusters and one novel exopolysaccharides (EPS) cluster in strain LP10266, which was sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, levofloxacin, and imipenem, but resistant to cefuroxime, cefazolin, cefotaxime, meropenem, and vancomycin. Strain LP10266 was nonfatal and sensitive to serum, capable of activating complement 3a and terminal complement complex C5b-9 (TCC). Strain LP10266 could not induce platelet aggregation but displayed a stronger biofilm formation ability and adherence to human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared to the standard control strain L. paracasei ATCC25302. Conclusion The genome of a novel bacterial strain L. paracasei LP10266 was sequenced. Our results based on various types of assays consistently revealed that L. paracasei LP10266 was a potential pathogen to patients with a history of cardiac disease and inguinal hernia repair. Strain LP10266 showed strong biofilm formation ability and adherence, enhancing the awareness of L. paracasei infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02253-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zaifeng Si
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dezhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoben Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiming Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Ojha AK, Shah NP, Mishra V. Conjugal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistances in Lactobacillus spp. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2839-2849. [PMID: 34076710 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria which are Gram-positive, facultative anaerobes and non-motile, non-spore forming, with varied shapes from cocci to coccobacilli and bacilli. Lactobacillus is the largest and most widely used bacterial species amongst LAB in fermented foods and beverages. The genus is a common member of human gut microbiome. Several species are known to provide benefits to the human gut via synergistic interactions with the gut microbiome and their ability to survive the gut environment. This ability to confer positive health effects provide them a status of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganisms. Due to their various beneficial characteristics, other factors such as their resistance acquisition were overlooked. Overuse of antibiotics has made certain bacteria develop resistance against these drugs. Antibiotic resistance was found to be acquired mainly through conjugation which is a type of lateral gene transfer. Several in vitro methods of conjugation have been discussed previously depending on their success to transfer resistance. In this review, we have addressed methods that are employed to study the transfer of resistance genes using the conjugation phenomenon in lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Ojha
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Nagendra Prasad Shah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India.
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Rodríguez-Sánchez S, Ramos IM, Seseña S, Poveda JM, Palop ML. Potential of Lactobacillus strains for health-promotion and flavouring of fermented dairy foods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jafari-Nasab T, Khaleghi M, Farsinejad A, Khorrami S. Probiotic potential and anticancer properties of Pediococcus sp. isolated from traditional dairy products. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 29:e00593. [PMID: 33598413 PMCID: PMC7868823 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, 18 lactic acid bacteria isolated from 30 samples of traditional dairy products were identified, and their probiotic potential was evaluated. According to the results, almost all strains showed the probiotic properties sufficiently, though M1 had better characterise. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this strain belongs to the Pediococcus sp. (<95 % similarity). This strain had substantial antipathogenic activity and did not show any worrying antibiotic resistance. Also, the strain was resistant to high concentrations of bile salt (1 %), NaCl (6.5 %), and low pH (2). Furthermore, it was revealed that cell-free supernatant (CFS), heat-killed cells and live cells derived from M1 significantly decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells so that the CFS resulted in 85 % cell death. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis determined that this compound induced apoptosis in the cancerous cells through increasing the BAX protein expression and decreasing the Bcl-2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Jafari-Nasab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moj Khaleghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khorrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Abstract
The absence of acquired resistance to antimicrobials has become an important criterion in evaluation of the biosafety of lactobacilli used as industrial starter or probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in starter and non-starter lactobacilli of food origin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin were established in 81 strains of lactobacilli (L. acidophilus, L. animalis, L. brevis, L. curvatus, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. helveticus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. sakei) by the microdilution method. The strains were classified as susceptible or resistant to antimicrobials based on the cut-off values according to the EFSA guideline. Sixty-two strains (77% food isolates, 76% starter or adjunct cultures) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (the most frequently to aminoglycosides). Adjunct cultures showed a higher antibiotic resistance (80%) than starters (60%). Four multiresistant strains (3 food isolates, 1 adjunct culture) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. One potentially transferable aadE gene (responsible for streptomycin resistance) was detected only in one multi-drug resistant strain of L. animalis originating from an adjunct culture. Thus, there is a risk of horizontal transmission of this gene. It is necessary to eliminate such strains from use in the food industry. This study provides relevant data concerning the use of lactobacilli in safe food production. To ensure food safety, detailed characterization of resistance to antimicrobials is necessary not only in starter strains but also in non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from food products.
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Tóth AG, Csabai I, Maróti G, Jerzsele Á, Dubecz A, Patai ÁV, Judge MF, Nagy SÁ, Makrai L, Bányai K, Szita G, Solymosi N. A glimpse of antimicrobial resistance gene diversity in kefir and yoghurt. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22458. [PMID: 33384459 PMCID: PMC7775456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat gaining more and more practical significance every year. The main determinants of AMR are the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Since bacteria can share genetic components via horizontal gene transfer, even non-pathogenic bacteria may provide ARG to any pathogens which they become physically close to (e.g. in the human gut). In addition, fermented food naturally contains bacteria in high amounts. In this study, we examined the diversity of ARG content in various kefir and yoghurt samples (products, grains, bacterial strains) using a unified metagenomic approach. We found numerous ARGs of commonly used fermenting bacteria. Even with the strictest filter restrictions, we identified ARGs undermining the efficacy of aminocoumarins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, cephamycins, diaminopyrimidines, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, monobactams, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, penams, penems, peptides, phenicols, rifamycins, tetracyclines and triclosan. In the case of gene lmrD, we detected genetic environment providing mobility of this ARG. Our findings support the theory that during the fermentation process, the ARG content of foods can grow due to bacterial multiplication. The results presented suggest that the starting culture strains of fermented foods should be monitored and selected in order to decrease the intake of ARGs via foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Gréta Tóth
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Phyisics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Faculty of Water Sciences, University of Public Service, Baja, 6050, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Attila Dubecz
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, 90419, Germany
| | - Árpád V Patai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Gastroenterology (IGA) Working Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Maura Fiona Judge
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Sára Ágnes Nagy
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Géza Szita
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary. .,Department of Phyisics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria isolated from table olives. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:597-607. [PMID: 32995979 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from table olive in Morocco. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA fingerprinting with (GTG)'(5) primer revealed a remarquable variability within isolates. According to the molecular identification, Enterococcus faecium was the most dominant species isolated with 32 strains (84.21%), followed by 4 strains of Weissella paramesenteroides (10.52%), 1 strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (2.63%) and Lactobacillus plantarum (2.63%). All of the strains that were identified showed occurrence of more than one bacteriocin-encoding gene. Based on the results obtained, L. plantarum 11 showed a mosaic of loci coding for nine bacteriocins (pln A, pln D, pln K, pln G, pln B, pln C, pln N, pln J, ent P). A phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance was also examined. L. plantarum 11, L. mesenteroides 62, W. paramesenteroides 9 and W. paramesenteroides 36 as well as all the strains of E. faecium were susceptible to ampicillin, clindamycin and teicoplanin; however, isolates showed a resistance profile against tetracycline and erythromycin. Except E. faecium 114, E. faecium 130 and L. plantarum 11, no antibiotic resistance genes were detected in all of the strains, which might be due to resistances resulting from non-transferable or non-acquired resistance determinants (intrinsic mechanism).
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Daniali M, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. Antibiotic resistance propagation through probiotics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1207-1215. [PMID: 32938241 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1825682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The widespread use of probiotics globally has established an argument against their safety profile. Recent studies investigated the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) amongst opportunistic pathogens, probiotics, and the normal microbiota which might cause severe clinical implications. AREAS COVERED In this review, we aimed to discuss the potential role of probiotics in spreading antibiotic resistance. All relevant data were found through online/updated databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. This review is based on the studies undertaken over the past two decades (2000-2020). EXPERT OPINION Microorganisms are capable of transferring resistance genes to survive against antimicrobial medications. Transference of resistance genes among pathogens, probiotics, and gut microbiota in the GIT through HGT endow probiotics as a possible source for antimicrobial resistance genes, which is responsible for the development of the antibiotic resistance crisis. According to the expression of genes in mechanisms of antibiotics resistance and probiotics HGT, the hypothesis of the role of these microorganisms in personalized medicine and gene therapy could also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Daniali
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Personalized Medicine Research Center (PMRC), the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Evidence-Based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), and the Pharmaceutical Management and Economics Research Center (PMERC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Personalized Medicine Research Center (PMRC), the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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43
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Ołdak A, Zielińska D, Łepecka A, Długosz E, Kołożyn-Krajewska D. Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Polish Regional Cheeses Exhibit Anti-Staphylococcal Activity and Selected Probiotic Properties. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:1025-1038. [PMID: 31463690 PMCID: PMC7456411 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-nine Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from different types of Polish regional cheeses (Oscypek and Korycinski) were assessed for selected probiotic properties and anti-staphylococcal activity. Most of the tested L. plantarum strains were considered safe. Whole bacterial cultures (WBC) and cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of L. plantarum strains inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus (average inhibition growth zones were 2.8 mm ± 1.2 and 2.8 mm ± 1.1 respectively). Moreover, almost all neutralized, catalase-treated cell-free supernatants (CFN) of L. plantarum cultures also exhibited slight anti-staphylococcal activity in vitro. The most promising strains Os4 and Kor14 were selected for further study. Both strains were able to survive during digestive gastro-intestinal passage model. Live cells of L. plantarum Os4 and Kor14 caused the strongest inhibition of S. aureus adhesion to Caco-2 cells comparing with CFN and heat-killed bacterial cells. S. aureus and L. plantarum (Os4 or Kor14) co-cultured in skim milk resulted in growth inhibition of S. aureus in both 8 °C and 37 °C incubation temperatures. Observed abilities, demonstrated for L. plantarum Os4 and Kor14, confirms that these strains could be used in the food industry as protective cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ołdak
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Łepecka
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Długosz
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Saak CC, Dinh CB, Dutton RJ. Experimental approaches to tracking mobile genetic elements in microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:606-630. [PMID: 32672812 PMCID: PMC7476777 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism of microbial evolution and is often driven by the movement of mobile genetic elements between cells. Due to the fact that microbes live within communities, various mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer and types of mobile elements can co-occur. However, the ways in which horizontal gene transfer impacts and is impacted by communities containing diverse mobile elements has been challenging to address. Thus, the field would benefit from incorporating community-level information and novel approaches alongside existing methods. Emerging technologies for tracking mobile elements and assigning them to host organisms provide promise for understanding the web of potential DNA transfers in diverse microbial communities more comprehensively. Compared to existing experimental approaches, chromosome conformation capture and methylome analyses have the potential to simultaneously study various types of mobile elements and their associated hosts. We also briefly discuss how fermented food microbiomes, given their experimental tractability and moderate species complexity, make ideal models to which to apply the techniques discussed herein and how they can be used to address outstanding questions in the field of horizontal gene transfer in microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Saak
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cong B Dinh
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rachel J Dutton
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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45
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A critical review of antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109571. [PMID: 32846610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit upon the host. At present, probiotics are gaining popularity worldwide and are widely used in food and medicine. Consumption of probiotics is increasing with further in-depth research on the relationship between intestinal flora and host health. Most people pay more attention to the function of probiotics but ignore their potential risks, such as infection and antibiotic resistance transfer to pathogenic microbes. Physiological functions, effects and mechanisms of action of probiotics were covered in this review, as well as the antibiotic resistance phenotypes, mechanisms and genes found in probiotics. Typical cases of antibiotic resistance of probiotics were also highlighted, as well as the potential risks (including pathogenicity, infectivity and excessive immune response) and corresponding strategies (dosage, formulation, and administration route). This timely study provides an avenue for further research, development and application of probiotics.
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46
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Jin Z, Ding G, Yang G, Li G, Zhang W, Yang L, Li W. Rapid detection of antibiotic resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria using PMMA-based microreactor arrays. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6375-6383. [PMID: 32488313 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) resistant to existing antimicrobial drugs is a growing health crisis. To decrease the overuse of antibiotics, molecular diagnostic systems that can rapidly determine the presence of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in LABs from yogurt samples are needed. This paper describes a fully integrated, miniaturized plastic chip and closed-tube detection chemistry that performs multiplex nucleic acid amplification. High-throughput identification of AR genes was achieved through this approach, and six AR genes were analyzed simultaneously in < 2 h. This time-to-result included the time required for the extraction of DNA. The detection limit of the chip was 103 CFU mL-1, which was consistent with that of tube LAMP. We detected and identified multiple DNAs, including streptomycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin resistance-associated genes, with complete concordance to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Key Points• A miniaturized chip was presented, and multiplex nucleic acid amplification was performed.• The device can be integrated with LAMP for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance genes.• The approach had a high throughput of AR gene analysis in lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjun Jin
- School of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guotao Ding
- Handan Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Handan, 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guoxing Yang
- Handan Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Handan, 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guiying Li
- School of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Hebei Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Handan Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Handan, 056000, Hebei Province, China.
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Greppi A, Asare PT, Schwab C, Zemp N, Stephan R, Lacroix C. Isolation and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Reuterin-Producing Lactobacillus reuteri From the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1166. [PMID: 32670217 PMCID: PMC7326114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is a natural inhabitant of selected animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Certain strains have the capacity to transform glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA), further excreted to form reuterin, a potent antimicrobial system. Reuterin-producing strains may be applied as a natural antimicrobial in feed to prevent pathogen colonization of animals, such as in chicken, and replace added antimicrobials. To date, only seven L. reuteri strains isolated from chicken have been characterized which limits phylogenetic studies and host-microbes interactions characterization. This study aimed to isolate L. reuteri strains from chicken GIT and to characterize their reuterin production and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles using phenotypic and genetic methods. Seventy strains were isolated from faces, crops and ceca of six chicken from poultry farms and samples from slaughterhouse. Twenty-five strains were selected for further characterization. Draft genomes were generated for the new 25 isolates and integrated into a phylogenetic tree of 40 strains from different hosts. Phylogenetic analysis based on gene content as well as on core genomes showed grouping of the selected 25 L. reuteri chicken isolates within the poultry/human lineage VI. Strains harboring pdu-cob-cbi-hem genes (23/25) produced between 156 mM ± 11 and 330 mM ± 14 3-HPA, from 600 mM of glycerol, in the conditions of the test. All 25 chicken strains were sensitive to cefotaxime (MIC between 0.016 and 1 μg/mL) and penicillin (MIC between 0.02 and 4 μg/mL). Akin to the reference strains DSM20016 and SD2112, the novel isolates were resistant to penicillin, possibly associated with identified point mutations in ponA, pbpX, pbpF and pbpB. All strains resistant to erythromycin (4/27) carried the ermB gene, and it was only present in chicken strains. All strains resistant to tetracycline (5/27) harbored tetW gene. This study confirms the evolutionary history of poultry/human lineage VI and identifies pdu-cob-cbi-hem as a frequent trait but not always present in this lineage. L. reuteri chicken strains producing high 3-HPA yield may have potential to prevent enteropathogen colonization of chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Greppi
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul T. Asare
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Zemp
- Genetic Diversity Centre, Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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48
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de Alcântara Rodrigues I, Ferrari RG, Panzenhagen PHN, Mano SB, Conte-Junior CA. Antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria from animal-based foods. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 112:143-183. [PMID: 32762867 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide public health threat. Farm animals are important sources of bacteria containing antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Although the use of antimicrobials in aquaculture and livestock has been reduced in several countries, these compounds are still routinely applied in animal production, and contribute to ARGs emergence and spread among bacteria. ARGs are transmitted to humans mainly through the consumption of products of animal origin (PAO). Bacteria can present intrinsic resistance, and once antimicrobials are administered, this resistance may be selected and multiply. The exchange of genetic material is another mechanism used by bacteria to acquire resistance. Some of the main ARGs found in bacteria present in PAO are the bla, mcr-1, cfr and tet genes, which are directly associated to antibiotic resistance in the human clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora de Alcântara Rodrigues
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Chemistry Institute, Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Sergio Borges Mano
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Chemistry Institute, Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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49
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Plavec TV, Berlec A. Safety Aspects of Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E297. [PMID: 32098042 PMCID: PMC7074969 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a long history of use in the food industry. Some species are part of the normal human microbiota and have beneficial properties for human health. Their long-standing use and considerable biotechnological potential have led to the development of various systems for their engineering. Together with novel approaches such as CRISPR-Cas, the established systems for engineering now allow significant improvements to LAB strains. Nevertheless, genetically modified LAB (GM-LAB) still encounter disapproval and are under extensive regulatory requirements. This review presents data on the prospects for LAB to obtain 'generally recognized as safe' (GRAS) status. Genetic modification of LAB is discussed, together with problems that can arise from their engineering, including their dissemination into the environment and the spread of antibiotic resistance markers. Possible solutions that would allow the use of GM-LAB are described, such as biocontainment, alternative selection markers, and use of homologous DNA. The use of GM-LAB as cell factories in closed systems that prevent their environmental release is the least problematic aspect, and this is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vida Plavec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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50
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Rozman V, Mohar Lorbeg P, Accetto T, Bogovič Matijašić B. Characterization of antimicrobial resistance in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria used as probiotics or starter cultures based on integration of phenotypic and in silico data. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 314:108388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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