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Wang B, Duan Y, Wang C, Liu C, Wang J, Jia J, Wu Q. Combined volatile compounds and non-targeted metabolomics analysis reveals variation in flavour characteristics, metabolic profiles and bioactivity of mulberry leaves after Monascus purpureus fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3294-3305. [PMID: 38087418 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulberry leaves (MLs) are widely used in food because of their nutritional and functional characteristics. However, plant cell walls and natural bitterness influence nutrient release and the flavor properties of MLs. Liquid-state fermentation using Monascus purpureus (LFMP) is a common processing method used to improve food properties. The present study used headspace solid-phase micro extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and non-targeted metabolomics to examine changes in volatile and non-volatile metabolites in MLs. The transformation mechanism of LFMP was investigated by microscopic observation and dynamic analysis of enzyme activity, and changes in the biological activity of MLs were analyzed. RESULTS LFMP significantly increased total phenolics, total flavonoids, free amino acids and soluble sugars in MLs, at the same time as decreasing phytic acid levels. In total, 92 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified and quantified. VOCs such as (2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-butanediol, terpineol and eugenol showed some improvement in the flavour characteristics of MLs. By using non-targeted metabolomics, 124 unique metabolites in total were examined. LFMP altered the metabolic profile of MLs, mainly in plant secondary metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Microscopic observation and dynamic analysis of enzyme activity indicated that LFMP promoted cell wall degradation and biotransformation of MLs. In addition, LFMP significantly increased the angiotensin I-converting enzyme and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of MLs. CONCLUSION LFMP altered the flavour characteristics, metabolite profile and biological activity of MLs. These findings will provide ideas for the processing of MLs into functional foods. In addition, they also provide useful information for biochemical studies of fermented MLs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yichen Duan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengmo Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chun Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junqiang Jia
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiongying Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
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Zhao Y, Shao C, Zhou H, Yu L, Bao Y, Mao Q, Yang J, Wan H. Salvianolic acid B inhibits atherosclerosis and TNF-α-induced inflammation by regulating NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155002. [PMID: 37572566 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is critical in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis (AS). The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on AS and to explore the molecular mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS In vivo studies, LDLR-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks to establish an AS model to evaluate the protective effect of Sal B on the development of AS. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were determined in the blood serum. En face and cross section lipid deposits were measured and quantified with Oil Red O staining. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining were used to quantify atherosclerotic plaque size and collagen fiber content in aortic root sections. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in aortic root using dihydroethylenediamine (DHE) staining. Apoptosis rate was determined by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to detect the expression of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). To further investigate the protective effect of Sal B, we used TNF-α induced HUVECs inflammation model. We examined cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content, and ROS production. The transcription of NF-κB was evaluated by immunofluorescence. The mRNA levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β were detected by RT-PCR. Pyroptosis related proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The change in the weight of the mice over time was an indication that Sal B had an effect on weight gain. IN VIVO STUDIES we were able to show that the serum lipids TC, TG and LDL-C were increased in the model group and that the treatment with Sal B reduced the levels of serum lipids. Histological staining showed that the LDLR-/- mice had a large amount of foam cell deposition accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in theMOD group. The pathological abnormalities were significantly improved by Sal B treatment. ROS release and apoptosis were significantly increased after HFD in aortic root, which was attenuated by Sal B. IF results showed that the expression of NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 was significantly increased in the MOD group and significantly decreased in the Sal B group, suggesting that Sal B may act through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. And in vitro studies: inflammatory damage of HUEVCs was induced by TNF-α, and Sal B treatmented significantly increased cell viability and reduced LDH release. It was also found that Sal B inhibited ROS level increase after TNF-α-induced HUEVCs. Activation of NF-κB p65 by TNF-α stimulation, NF-κB p65 is transferred to the nucleus. Sal B treatment could reverse this effect. RT-PCR and Western blot showed that Sal B affected NF-κB transcription and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and could significantly inhibit TNF-α-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results suggest that Sal B may participate in antiatherosclerotic and inflammatory responses through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that Sal B ameliorates the development of AS lesions in HFD-induced LDLR-/- mice. Furthermore, under TNF-α conditions, Sal B reduced ROS release and reversed nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and inhibited atherosclerosis and inflammation by modulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhao
- College of Life Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, No.548, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, No.548, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Yu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, No.548, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yida Bao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, No.548, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qianping Mao
- College of Life Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, No.548, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, No.548, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Ajzashokouhi AH, Rezaee R, Omidkhoda N, Karimi G. Natural compounds regulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:741-757. [PMID: 36593695 PMCID: PMC10026916 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2161959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway is crucial in regulating cardiomyocyte growth and survival. It has been shown that activation of this pathway alleviates the negative impact of ischemia-reperfusion. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) induces apoptosis through stimulation of transcription factors, and its phosphorylation has been suggested as a new therapeutic target for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). GSK3β regulatory role is mediated by the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, and its inhibition by Akt activation blocks mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and enhances myocardial survival. The present article discusses the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in cardioprotective effects of natural products against MIRI.Abbreviations: Akt: protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Bad: bcl2-associated agonist of cell death; Bax: bcl2-associated x protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB; CRP: C-reactive-protein; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; EGCG: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; Enos: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERK ½: extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase ½; GSK3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3; GSRd: Ginsenoside Rd; GSH: glutathione; GSSG: glutathione disulfide; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; HR: hypoxia/reoxygenation; HSYA: Hydroxysafflor Yellow A; ICAM-1: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; IKK-b: IκB kinase; IL: interleukin; IPoC: Ischemic postconditioning; IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Keap1: kelch-like ECH-associated protein- 1; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LVEDP: left ventricular end diastolic pressure; LVP: left ventricle pressure; LVSP: left ventricular systolic pressure; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDA: malondialdehyde; MIRI: myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; mPTP: mitochondrial permeability transition pore; mtHKII: mitochondria-bound hexokinase II; Nrf-1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; NO: nitric oxide; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ coactivator‑1α; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinases; RISK: reperfusion injury salvage kinase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RSV: Resveratrol; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TFAM: transcription factor A mitochondrial; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; VEGF-B: vascular endothelial growth factor B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ke S, Hu Q, Zhu G, Li L, Sun X, Cheng H, Li L, Yao Y, Li H. Remodeling of white adipose tissue microenvironment against obesity by phytochemicals. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36786412 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a kind of chronic disease due to a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In recent years, the number of obese people around the world has soared, and obesity problem should not be underestimated. Obesity is characterized by changes in the adipose microenvironment, mainly manifested as hypertrophy, chronic inflammatory status, hypoxia, and fibrosis, thus contributing to the pathological changes of other tissues. A plethora of phytochemicals have been found to improve adipose microenvironment, thus prevent and resist obesity, providing a new research direction for the treatment of obesity and related diseases. This paper discusses remodeling of the adipose tissue microenvironment as a therapeutic avenue and reviews the progress of phytochemicals in fighting obesity by improving the adipose microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ke
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyao Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Sun
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Sun T, Wang F, Hu G, Li Z. Salvianolic acid B activates chondrocytes autophagy and reduces chondrocyte apoptosis in obese mice via the KCNQ1OT1/miR-128-3p/SIRT1 signaling pathways. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:53. [PMID: 35922815 PMCID: PMC9351265 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) possesses strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of Sal B to improve the obesity-related osteoarthritis (OA). Methods C57BL/6 J male mice were fed with a normal control diet (NCD), a high fat diet (HFD), or HFD with Sal B (25 mg/kg), and mouse body weights and osteoarticular inflammatory factor levels were examined. Mouse chondrogenic cell line ATDC5 were transfected with lncRNA KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 small hairpin RNA (KCNQ1OT1 shRNA), miR-128-3p mimic or Sirtuin-1 small interfering RNA (SIRT1 siRNA), then stimulated with Palmitic acid (PA) followed by the treatment of Sal B. Then, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy of ATDC5 cells in different groups were detected. Results Sal B reduced the body weight, decreased the levels of inflammatory markers, and improved cartilage damage in OA mice fed with HFD. KCNQ1OT1 was downregulated in OA mice fed with HFD, and PA-stimulated ATDC5 cells. Sal B protected ATDC5 cells against PA-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, and the inhibition of autophagy, while knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 reversed these results. KCNQ1OT1 was found to be functioned as a ceRNA to bind and downregulate the expression of miR-128-3p that was upregulated in PA-induced cells. Furthermore, SIRT1 was verified as a target of miR-128-3p. MiR-128-3p overexpression reversed the effects of Sal B on inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy in PA-stimulated cells, and knockdown of SIRT1 displayed the similar results. Conclusion Sal B exerted a chondroprotective effect by upregulating KCNQ1OT1, which indicates Sal B can used for a therapeutic agent in obesity-related OA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00686-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 of Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 of Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gaojian Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 of Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhizhou Li
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 of Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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Salvianolic Acid B Attenuates Iopromide-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF- κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8400496. [PMID: 35795279 PMCID: PMC9251145 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8400496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postcontrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) is directly caused by the use of contrast, indicating a clear causal relationship between the contrast and the injury. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a water-soluble compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. We conducted a study to explore whether the protective effect of Sal B on iopromide-induced injury in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) is related to inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway. The results showed that 100 μmol/L Sal B counteracted the decrease in cell viability, the increase of ROS and the number of apoptotic cells, and the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) induced by iopromide. Molecular docking analysis showed that Sal B binds TLR4 and NLRP3 proteins. Moreover, 100 μmol/L Sal B also decreased the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, p-NF-κB, cleaved caspase-3, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 induced by iopromide. TAK-242, a TLR4 antagonist, was added to further explore the mechanism of Sal B. However, the cotreatment group with TAK-242 and Sal B had no significant difference in cell viability and apoptosis rate compared to the treatment group with TAK-242 or Sal B alone. These results indicated that Sal B can inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway, resulting in the alleviation of iopromide-induced HK-2 cell injury.
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Chen C, Ren YM, Zhu JZ, Chen JL, Feng ZL, Zhang T, Ye Y, Lin LG. Ainsliadimer C, a disesquiterpenoid isolated from Ainsliaea macrocephala, ameliorates inflammatory responses in adipose tissue via Sirtuin 1-NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1780-1792. [PMID: 34789920 PMCID: PMC9253034 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, is majorly produced by macrophages through NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which has been identified as the culprit to deteriorate the inflammatory crosstalk between macrophages and adipocytes. Ainsliadimer C (AC) is a disesquiterpenoid isolated from Ainsliaea macrocephala. In the current study, we investigated the effects of AC on adipose tissue inflammation in co-culture of macrophages and adipocytes in vitro as well as in LPS-treated mice in vivo. We showed that AC (20-80 µM) dose-dependently inhibited the secretion of IL-1β from LPS plus ATP-stimulated THP-1 macrophages by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we found that AC treatment activated NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), resulting in reduced acetylation level of NLRP3. Molecular modeling analysis revealed that binding of AC to sirtuin-activating compound-binding domain increased the affinity of the substrate to the catalytic domain of SIRT1. Moreover, AC (80 µM) significantly attenuated macrophage-conditioned medium-induced inflammatory responses in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In LPS-induced acute inflammatory mice, administration of AC (20, 60 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 5 days significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), attenuated macrophage infiltration into eWAT, and mitigated adipose tissue inflammation. The beneficial effects of AC were blocked by co-administration of a selective SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 (10 mg·kg-1·d-1). Taken together, AC suppresses NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion through activating SIRT1, leading to attenuated inflammation in macrophages and adipose tissue, which might be a candidate to treat obesity-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Yong-mei Ren
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian-zhong Zhu
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Jia-li Chen
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Zhe-ling Feng
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Tian Zhang
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Li-gen Lin
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
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Tao XM, Li D, Zhang C, Wen GH, Wu C, Xu YY, Kan Y, Lu WP, Ding HY, Yang Y. Salvianolic acid B protects against acute and chronic liver injury by inhibiting Smad2C/L phosphorylation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:341. [PMID: 33732314 PMCID: PMC7903446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) has strong antioxidant and anti-fibrosis effects, which are related to the transforming growth factor β/Smad signaling pathway. However, how Sal B affects this antioxidant pathway and the phosphorylation (p-) of Smad2 at both the COOH-terminal (pSmad2C) and linker region (pSmad2L) are unknown. The aims of the present study were to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Sal B on acute and chronic liver injury induced by CCl4 and H2O2, and its effects on p-Smad2C/L. In in vivo experiments, acute and chronic liver injury models were induced by CCl4, and the oxidative damage cell model was established in vitro with H2O2. Liver histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson's staining. Moreover, serum biochemical indicators were analyzed using specific assay kits. Furthermore, the present study evaluated the oxidant/antioxidant status in acute and chronic liver injury models by oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to analyze the protein expression levels of pSmad2C, pSmad2L, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). It was found that Sal B improved liver histology, decreased the levels of aminotransferase and attenuated oxidative stress in acute and chronic liver injury models. Additionally, the protein expression levels of pSmad2C and pSmad2L were decreased, but Nrf2 and HO-1 expression levels were increased both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the present results suggested that Sal B may protect against acute and chronic liver injury via inhibition of Smad2C/L phosphorylation, and the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ming Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hua Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yue Kan
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Peng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Han-Yan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Bai Y, Bao X, Mu Q, Fang X, Zhu R, Liu C, Mo F, Zhang D, Jiang G, Li P, Gao S, Zhao D. Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination modulate gut microbiota and improve glucolipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10598. [PMID: 33604164 PMCID: PMC7866888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To observe the effect of ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination on glucolipid metabolism and structural changes of gut microbiota. Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed 45% high-fat diet to induce obesity. The obese mice were randomly divided into four groups, Con group as model control, ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) group, salvianolic acid B (SalB) group and ginsenoside Rb1+ salvianolic acid B (Rb1SalB) group. Mice in Rb1, SalB and Rb1SalB group were treated by gavage with ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and the combination of the two ingredients, respectively. While mice in Con group were given the same amount of sterile water. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every 2 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the 4th and 8th week of drug intervention. At the end of the experiment, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid content as well as glycated hemoglobin were measured and feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Results Both ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb1SalB combination decreased body weight significantly (P < 0.05). Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination alleviated fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and blood lipid profiles effectively (P < 0.05, compared with the corresponding indicators in Con group). Oral glucose tolerance test results at the 8th week showed that glucose tolerance was significantly improved in all three treatment groups. Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination reduced the overall diversity of gut microbiota in feces and changed the microbial composition of the obese mice. LDA effect size (LefSe) analysis revealed the key indicator taxa corresponding to the treatment. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination could lower blood glucose and lipid level, and improve glucose tolerance of obese mice. The above effect may be at least partially through modulation of gut microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Bao
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Mu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Spielmann J, Naujoks W, Emde M, Allweyer M, Kielstein H, Quandt D, Bähr I. High-Fat Diet and Feeding Regime Impairs Number, Phenotype, and Cytotoxicity of Natural Killer Cells in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Nutr 2020; 7:585693. [PMID: 33330585 PMCID: PMC7728990 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.585693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are major public health challenges worldwide. Obesity is associated with a higher risk for the development of several cancer types, but specific mechanisms underlying the link of obesity and cancer are still unclear. Natural killer (NK) cells are circulating lymphoid cells promoting the elimination of virus-infected and tumor cells. Previous investigations demonstrated conflicting results concerning the influence of obesity on functional NK cell parameters in small animal models. The aim of the present study was to clarify potential obesity-associated alterations of murine NK cells in vivo, implementing different feeding regimes. Therefore, C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-fat diet (NFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) under restrictive and ad libitum feeding regimes. Results showed diet and feeding-regime dependent differences in body weight, visceral fat mass and plasma cytokine concentrations. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated significant changes in total cell counts as well as frequencies of immune cell populations in peripheral blood comparing mice fed NFD or HFD in an ad libitum or restrictive manner. Mice fed the HFD showed significantly decreased frequencies of total NK cells and the mature CD11b+CD27+ NK cell subset compared to mice fed the NFD. Feeding HFD resulted in significant changes in the expression of the maturation markers KLRG1 and CD127 in NK cells. Furthermore, real-time PCR analyses of NK-cell related functional parameters in adipose tissue revealed significant diet and feeding-regime dependent differences. Most notable, real-time cytotoxicity assays demonstrated an impaired cytolytic activity of splenic NK cells toward murine colon cancer cells in HFD-fed mice compared to NFD-fed mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that feeding a high-fat diet influences the frequency, phenotype and function of NK cells in C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, restricted feeding of HFD compared to ad libitum feeding resulted in a partial prevention of the obesity-associated alterations on immune cells and especially on NK cells, nicely fitting with the current concept of an advantage for interval fasting for improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wiebke Naujoks
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Emde
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Allweyer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Hu Y, Wang M, Pan Y, Li Q, Xu L. Salvianolic acid B attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating the HPSE/SDC1 axis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1325-1334. [PMID: 32626974 PMCID: PMC7339410 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the main water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Numerous reports have demonstrated that it could exert significant renal-protective effects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that Sal B could alleviate renal injury by regulating the heparanase/syndecan-1 (HPSE/SDC1) axis. In vivo, the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) levels, and the histopathological changes of mice kidneys were examined. Sal B could notably reduce the renal injury caused by left ureteral ligation. In vitro, Sal B downregulated the expression levels of HPSE/FGF-2/TGF-β1/α-smooth muscle actin and upregulated the expression levels of SDC1/E-cadherin in angiotensin II-stimulated HK-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study provided evidence for the first time that Sal B could exert renal-protective effects via the inhibition of the HPSE/SDC1 axis, and these results suggest that the administration of Sal B may be a novel therapeutic strategy in treating renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yunzheng Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Qingju Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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12
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Salvianolic Acid B improves cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation and decreasing Aβ level in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10117-10128. [PMID: 32516126 PMCID: PMC7346047 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), the pathogen of chronic periodontitis, could cause Aβ accumulation and was identified in the brain of AD patients. Salvianolic Acid B (SalB) has been proven to have the neuroprotective effect. Whether SalB could protect against P. gingivalis-induced cognitive impairment is still unknown. In this study, a P. gingivalis-infected mouse model was employed to study the neuroprotective role of SalB. The results showed that SalB (20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment for 4 weeks could shorten the escape latency and improve the percentage of spontaneous alternation in the P. gingivalis-infected mice. SalB inhibited the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, while increased the levels of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). SalB decreased the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, increased the mRNA levels of bdnf and ngf in the brain of P. gingivalis-infected mice. In addition, SalB obviously decreased the level of Aβ. SalB elevated the protein expression of ADAM10, while downregulated BACE1 and PS1. SalB increased the protein expression of LRP1, while decreased RAGE. In conclusion, SalB could improve cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation and decreasing Aβ level in P. gingivalis-infected mice.
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13
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Lu P, Xing Y, Peng H, Liu Z, Zhou Q(T, Xue Z, Ma Z, Kebebe D, Zhang B, Liu H. Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Spray-Dried Coformulation of Salvia miltiorrhiza Polyphenolic Acid and L-Leucine with Improved Bioavailability. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2020; 33:73-82. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2019.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Bing Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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14
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Salvianolic Acid D Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the Cytoplasmic Translocation and Release of HMGB1-Triggered NF- κB Activation to Inhibit Inflammatory Response. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9049614. [PMID: 32410871 PMCID: PMC7204335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9049614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response participates in the overall pathophysiological process of stroke. It is a promising strategy to develop antistroke drugs targeting inflammation. This study is aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect and anti-inflammatory mechanism of salvianolic acid D (SalD) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury model was established, and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury model was established in PC12 cells. Neurological deficit score, cerebral infarction, and edema were studied in vivo. Cell viability was achieved using the MTT method in vitro. The Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, HMGB1, TLR4, TRAF6, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, and cleaved caspase-3 and -9 were tested via the Western blot method. Cytokines and cytokine mRNA, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were studied via ELISA and PCR methods. The translocation of HMGB1 and NF-κB were studied by immunofluorescence assay. The HMGB1/NeuN, HMGB1/GFAP, and HMGB1/Iba1 double staining was carried out to observe the localization of HMGB1 in different cells. Results showed that SalD alleviated neurological impairment, decreased cerebral infarction, and reduced edema in I/R rats. SalD improved OGD/R-downregulated PC12 cell viability. SalD also promoted Bcl-2 expression and suppressed Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 and -9 expression. SalD decreased the intensity of TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 proteins both in vivo and in vitro, and significantly inhibited the NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by I/R and OGD/R. What's more, SalD inhibited HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in both the cortex and hippocampus regions of I/R rats. In conclusion, SalD can alleviate I/R-induced cerebral injury in rats and increase the PC12 cell viability affected by OGD/R. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SalD might result from the decreased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and the inhibition on its downstream TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling.
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15
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Li L, Li R, Zhu R, Chen B, Tian Y, Zhang H, Xia B, Jia Q, Wang L, Zhao D, Mo F, Li Y, Zhang S, Gao S, Zhang D, Guo S. Salvianolic acid B prevents body weight gain and regulates gut microbiota and LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:8743-8756. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B prevents body weight gain and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. The underlying mechanism behind these effects may be associated with the regulation of metabolic endotoxemia, gut microbiota homeostasis and LPS/TLR4 pathway.
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16
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Xu C, Liu WB, Remø SC, Wang BK, Shi HJ, Zhang L, Liu JD, Li XF. Feeding restriction alleviates high carbohydrate diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation of Megalobrama amblycephala by activating the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:637-648. [PMID: 31271836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of restricted feeding on the growth performance, oxidative stress and inflammation of Megalobrama amblycephala fed high-carbohydrate (HC) diets. Fish (46.94 ± 0.04 g) were randomly assigned to four groups containing the satiation of a control diet (30% carbohydrate) and three satiate levels (100% (HC1), 80% (HC2) and 60% (HC3)) of the HC diets (43% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks. Results showed that HC1 diet remarkably decreased final weight (FW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), hepatic activities of total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the AMP/ATP ratio, the p-AMPKα/t-AMPKα ratio, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protein expression and hepatic transcriptions of AMPKα2, SIRT1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase (CAT), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and interleukin10 (IL 10) compared to the control group, whereas the opposite was true for protein efficiency ratio (PER), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), energy retention efficiency (ERE), plasma glucose levels, alanine transaminase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) activities, hepatic contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin 1β (IL 1β), ATP and AMP contents and hepatic transcriptions of kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), IkB kinase α (IKK α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TNF α, IL 1β, interleukin 6 (IL 6) and transforming growth factor β (TGF β). As for the HC groups, fish fed the HC2 diet obtained relatively high values of SGR, PER, NRE, ERE, hepatic activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT, the AMP/ATP ratio, the p-AMPKα/t-AMPKα ratio, SIRT1 protein expression and hepatic transcriptions of AMPKα2, Nrf2, CAT, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), Mn-SOD, GPx1, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and interleukin10 (IL 10), while the opposite was true for hepatic content of IL 6 and transcription of IKK α. Overall, an 80% satiation improved the growth performance and alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammation of blunt snout bream fed HC diets via the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway and the up-regulation of the activities and transcriptions of Nrf2-modulated antioxidant enzymes coupled with the depression of the levels and transcriptions of the NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sofie Charlotte Remø
- Department of Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bing-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Dai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Sesamin Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Protective Defense against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Colitis via AKT and ERK Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2432416. [PMID: 31534619 PMCID: PMC6732632 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2432416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with high incidence and prevalence in many countries. Patients with UC usually suffer from a lifetime of debilitating physical symptoms. Therefore, developing effective therapeutic strategy that can manage this disease better and improve patients' life quality is in urgent need. Sesamin (SSM) is a lignan derived from sesame seeds. In this study, the protective effect of SSM against UC and the underlying mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that SSM protected Caco-2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury via GSH-mediated scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly increased by SSM, and the ability of SSM to activate Nrf2-targeted genes was further confirmed in Caco-2 cells using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In contrast, Nrf2 knockdown abolished the protective effect of SSM. Additionally, we found that SSM also activated advanced protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in Caco-2 cells, while either AKT or ERK inhibition can prevent SSM-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Furthermore, SSM displayed a better protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced UC compared with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in C57BL/6 mice. The enhanced Nrf2 signaling and activated AKT/ERK were also observed in the colon of mice after SSM administration. These results first demonstrate the protective effect of SSM against UC and indicate that the effect is associated with AKT/ERK activation and subsequent Nrf2 signaling enhancement. This study provides a new insight into the medicinal value of SSM and proposes it as a new natural nutrition for better managing the symptoms of UC.
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Li J, Long X, Hu J, Bi J, Zhou T, Guo X, Han C, Huang J, Wang T, Xiong N, Lin Z. Multiple pathways for natural product treatment of Parkinson's disease: A mini review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152954. [PMID: 31130327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is established that natural medicines for Parkinson's disease (PD) provide an antioxidant activity in preventing dopaminergic neurons from degeneration. However, the underlying and related molecular details remain poorly understood. METHODS AND AIM We review published in vitro and rodent studies of natural products in PD models with the aim to identify common molecular pathways contributing to the treatment efficacy. Commonly regulated genes were identified through the systemic literature search and further analyzed from a network perspective. FINDINGS Approximately thirty different types of natural products have been investigated for their ability to regulate protein density and gene activity in various experimental systems. Most were found to attenuate neurotoxin-induced regulations. Three common PD pathways are involved. The most studied pathway was neuronal development/anti-apoptosis consisting of Bax/Bcl-2, caspases 3/9, and MAPK signaling. Another well studied was anti-inflammation comprising iNOS, nNOS, Nrf2/ARE, cytokines, TNFα, COX2 and MAPK signaling. The third pathway referred to dopamine transmission modulation with upregulated VMAT2, DAT, NURR1 and GDNF levels. To date, HIPK2, a conserved serine/threonine kinase and transcriptional target of Nrf2 in an anti-apoptosis signaling pathway, is the first protein identified as the direct binding target of a natural product (ZMHC). IMPLICATIONS Natural products may utilize multiple and intercellular pathways at various steps to prevent DA neurons from degeneration. Molecular delineation of the mechanisms of actions is revealing new, perhaps combinational therapeutic approaches to stop the progression of DA degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xi Long
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jichuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, China
| | - Juan Bi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, China
| | - Xingfang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, China.
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
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Liu Q, Lu J, Lin J, Tang Y, Pu W, Shi X, Jiang S, Liu J, Ma Y, Li Y, Xu J, Jin L, Wang J, Wu W. Salvianolic acid B attenuates experimental skin fibrosis of systemic sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:546-553. [PMID: 30530290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized mainly by fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Our previous study has shown that salvianolic acid B (SAB), a bioactive component extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), was one of the essential ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine Yiqihuoxue formula, which has been used to treat SSc-related dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SAB on skin fibrosis and explore its underlying anti-fibrotic mechanism. We found that SAB was capable of alleviating skin fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced SSc mouse model, alleviating skin thickness and reducing collagen deposition. in vitro studies indicated that SAB reduced SSc skin fibroblast proliferation and downregulated extracellular matrix gene transcription and collagen protein expression. TGF-β/SMAD and MAPK/ERK pathway activation were also shown to be suppressed in SAB treated fibroblasts. Moreover, RNA-seq revealed that the anti-fibrotic effect of SAB might be related to antioxidant activity, the cell cycle, and the p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that SAB has the ability to alleviate SSc-related skin fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangguang Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of dermatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Shi M, Huang F, Deng C, Wang Y, Kai G. Bioactivities, biosynthesis and biotechnological production of phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:953-964. [PMID: 29746788 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1474170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen in Chinese), is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant, which is used as not only human medicine but also health-promotion food. Danshen has been extensively used for the treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. As a major group of bioactive constituents from S. miltiorrhiza, water-soluble phenolic acids such as salvianolic acid B possessed good bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and other health-promoting activities. It is of significance to improve the production of phenolic acids by modern biotechnology approaches to meet the increasing market demand. Significant progresses have been made in understanding the biosynthetic pathway and regulation mechanism of phenolic acids in S.miltiorrhiza, which will facilitate the process of targeted metabolic engineering or synthetic biology. Furthermore, multiple biotechnology methods such as in vitro culture, elicitation, hairy roots, endophytic fungi and bioreactors have been also used to obtain pharmaceutically active phenolic acids from S. miltiorrhiza. In this review, recent advances in bioactivities, biosynthetic pathway and biotechnological production of phenolic acid ingredients were summarized and future prospective was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- a Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Huang
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Deng
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- a Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China.,b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Therapeutic Potential of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma against Human Diseases Based on Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense System: Bioactive Constituents and Mechanism of Action. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7309073. [PMID: 30050659 PMCID: PMC6040253 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7309073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor regulating the intracellular antioxidant response and is an emerging target for the prevention and therapy of oxidative stress-related diseases. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is commonly used for the therapy of cardiac cerebral diseases. Cumulative evidences indicated that the extract of SMRR and its constituents, represented by lipophilic diterpenoid quinones and hydrophilic phenolic acids, were capable of activating Nrf2 and inhibiting oxidative stress. These bioactive constituents demonstrated a therapeutic potential against human diseases, exemplified by cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, nephropathy, and inflammation, based on the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response and the inhibition of oxidative stress. In the present review, we introduced the SMRR and Nrf2 signaling pathway, summarized the constituents with an Nrf2-inducing effect isolated from SMRR, and discussed the molecular mechanism and pharmacological functions of the SMRR extract and its constituents.
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Li ZM, Xu SW, Liu PQ. Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:802-824. [PMID: 29698387 PMCID: PMC5943903 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suo-wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yirui Capsules Alleviate Atherosclerosis by Improving the Lipid Profile and Reducing Inflammation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020142. [PMID: 29382111 PMCID: PMC5852718 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated Yirui (YR) capsules, whose ingredients are available in health food stores, against AS and the underlying mechanisms. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks developed severe aortic lesions, but YR significantly decreased the plaque area in the total aorta and aortic root. YR affected the serum lipid profile by significantly reducing total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and oxidative modification of LDL-C (Ox-LDL) levels. In addition, multi-cytokine analysis revealed that higher serum levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-27 (IL-27), tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), which were induced by a high-fat diet, declined with YR treatment. These results suggest that YR reduces the atherosclerotic plaque burden, thereby alleviating AS by modulating the lipid profile and inhibiting inflammation.
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Zhu B, Wang X, Teng J. Retracted Article: Salvianolic acid B inhibits inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36422-36429. [PMID: 35558917 PMCID: PMC9088849 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease among late middle-aged or elderly people. The pathological process of OA mainly involves the degeneration of cartilage tissue and deficiency of joint function. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the main active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti apoptotic and other pharmacological activities. In this study, primary chondrocytes were cultured to investigate the effects of Sal B on the inflammatory response and apoptosis of OA induced by IL-1β, and to explore the possible mechanism. First, we determined the cytotoxicity of Sal B; the results showed that the cell activity of chondrocytes was not influenced by Sal B when the concentration was below 150 μM. Moreover, Sal B (40 and 80 μM) suppressed the expression of iNOS in OA chondrocytes induced by IL-1β, and restrained the secretion of NO, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in chondrocytes obviously. Sal B (40, 80 μM) significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of cell activity stimulated by IL-1β and up-regulated the expression of Col II and reduced the expression of Col X. Besides, Sal B down-regulated the expression level of Bax and promoted the expression of Bcl-2, showed a significant effect on promoting proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, we found that IL-1β significantly reduced the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt induced the nuclear translocation of AKT and inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Finally, the PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002, was added in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. The results suggest that Sal B ameliorates IL-1β induced inflammation and suppresses apoptosis in OA by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our study reveals the mechanism of Sal B acts on OA and may provide a basis for the treatment of OA with Sal B. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease among late middle-aged or elderly people.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics
- Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xuejian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics
- Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Jiawen Teng
- Department of Orthopedics
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University
- Jinan
- PR China
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