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Benucci I, Lombardelli C, Esti M. A comprehensive review on natural sweeteners: impact on sensory properties, food structure, and new frontiers for their application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39154209 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2393204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the worldwide increase in lifestyle diseases and metabolic disorders has been ascribed to the excessive consumption of sucrose and added sugars. For this reason, many approaches have been developed in order to replace sucrose in food and beverage formulations with alternative sweetening compounds. The raising awareness concerning the synthetic sweeteners due to their negative impact on health, triggered the need to search for alternative substances. Natural sweeteners may be classified in: (i) non-nutritive (e.g., neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, thaumatin, glycyrrhizin mogroside and stevia) and (ii) bulk sweeteners, including both polyols (e.g., maltitol, mannitol, erythritol) and rare sugars (e.g., tagatose and allulose). In this review we discuss the most popular natural sweeteners and their application in the main food sectors (e.g., bakery, dairy, confectionary and beverage), providing a full understanding of their impact on the textural and sensory properties in comparison to sucrose. Furthermore, we analyze the use of natural sweeteners in blends, which in addition to enabling an effective replacement of sugar, in order to complement the merits and limits of individual compounds. Finally, microencapsulation technology is presented as an alternative strategy to solving some issues such as aftertaste, bitterness, unpleasant flavors, but also to enhance their stability and ease of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Benucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudio Lombardelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marco Esti
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, Viterbo, Italy
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2
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Ortiz ADC, Fideles SOM, Reis CHB, Pagani BT, Bueno LMM, Moscatel MBM, Buchaim RL, Buchaim DV. D-Tagatose: A Rare Sugar with Functional Properties and Antimicrobial Potential against Oral Species. Nutrients 2024; 16:1943. [PMID: 38931297 PMCID: PMC11206312 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates have a dietary role, but excessive consumption of high-calorie sugars can contribute to an increased incidence of metabolic diseases and dental caries. Recently, carbohydrates with sweetening properties and low caloric value, such as D-tagatose, have been investigated as alternative sugars. D-tagatose is a rare sugar that has nutritional and functional properties of great interest for health. This literature review presents an approach to the biological effects of D-tagatose, emphasizing its benefits for oral health. Studies report that D-tagatose has antioxidant and prebiotic effects, low digestibility, reduced glycemic and insulinemic responses, and the potential to improve the lipid profile, constituting an alternative for diabetes mellitus and obesity. It can also be observed that D-tagatose has an antioxidant action, favoring the elimination of free radicals and, consequently, causing a reduction in cellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, it also has antibacterial potential against oral species. Regarding oral health, studies have shown that D-tagatose efficiently reversed bacterial coaggregations, including periodontopathogenic species, and impaired the activity and growth of cariogenic bacteria, such as S. mutans. D-tagatose significantly inhibited biofilm formation, pH decrease and insoluble glucan synthesis in S. mutans cultures. Salivary S. mutans counts were also significantly reduced by the consumption of chewing gum containing D-tagatose and xylitol. In addition, there is evidence that tagatose is effective as an air-polishing powder for biofilm decontamination. The literature indicates that D-tagatose can contribute to the prevention of systemic diseases, also constituting a promising agent to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana de Cássia Ortiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.); (C.H.B.R.); (B.T.P.); (M.B.M.M.)
| | - Simone Ortiz Moura Fideles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.); (C.H.B.R.); (B.T.P.); (M.B.M.M.)
| | - Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.); (C.H.B.R.); (B.T.P.); (M.B.M.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Bruna Trazzi Pagani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.); (C.H.B.R.); (B.T.P.); (M.B.M.M.)
- Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Bento Medeiros Moscatel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.); (C.H.B.R.); (B.T.P.); (M.B.M.M.)
- Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.); (C.H.B.R.); (B.T.P.); (M.B.M.M.)
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
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Futamata S, Onishi Y, Adachi S, Khuwijitjaru P, Watanabe Y, Tani F, Kobayashi T. Efficient synthesis of rare sugars from galactose in hot compressed water using eggshells as an environmentally friendly catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130642. [PMID: 38561154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous galactose solutions containing eggshell was heated at 120 °C to produce calcium supplements containing rare sugars. Galactose was isomerized to rare sugars with improving rare sugar yields compared to those without eggshell. Organic acids were also formed as byproducts during the reaction. These acids were neutralized by dissolving eggshells with increasing the calcium ion concentration in the solution. When eggshell components (calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or calcium phosphate) were used for the treatment, rare sugars were also formed. Especially, addition of magnesium carbonate improved rare sugar yield, but byproduct formation became more pronounced. Eggshells used in the treatment were used for repeated treatments. When eggshells were used three times, rare sugar yield changed only slightly but the selectivity of rare sugars improved significantly. By these processes, we obtained an aqueous solution of rare sugars containing calcium ion at 295 mg/L, which has potential as ingredients for dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Futamata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Onishi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuji Adachi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Pramote Khuwijitjaru
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Tanna B, Yadav S, Patel MK, Mishra A. Metabolite Profiling, Biological and Molecular Analyses Validate the Nutraceutical Potential of Green Seaweed Acrosiphoniaorientalis for Human Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:1222. [PMID: 38674913 PMCID: PMC11055090 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have proven to be nutrient-dense and are rich in antioxidants, like phenolics, flavonoids, and other essential metabolites that help to provide their medicinal benefits. Non-targeted metabolite profiling of the tropical green seaweed Acrosiphonia orientalis showed the presence of numerous groups of contents, including sugars, essential amino acids, and fatty acids. Targeted metabolite profiling using HPLC identified 17 amino acids. The extract exhibited a very low half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) dosage for HeLa and Huh-7 cell lines, indicating a high likelihood of anticancer properties. A significant positive correlation was found between biological activities, such as antioxidation, scavenging, and reducing power with the phenolic and flavonoid contents. The extract revealed augmentation of proliferation in selected cervical cells, as it upregulated p53 1.3-fold, and downregulated important cancerous genes such as Cas-3 and DNMT 12- and 8-fold, respectively. An approximate 55-fold downregulation was observed in selected hepatic cell lines. Microarray analysis of hepatic cells indicated 0.27% and 0.07% upregulation of coding and non-coding genes, respectively, and 0.41% and 0.13% downregulation of coding and non-coding genes, respectively. As a consequence, it can be said that A. orientalis has possible medicinal use, such as anticancer activity, and therefore may be an intriguing food component that has potential as a regular dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Tanna
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sonam Yadav
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Sim S, Park HJ, Kim YK, Choi Y, Park HS. Lactobacillus paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate neutrophilic asthma by inhibiting the JNK pathway in airway epithelium. Allergol Int 2024; 73:302-312. [PMID: 37953104 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus paracasei has been known to reduce airway resistance and inflammation in asthma. However, the therapeutic effect of its extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with asthma remains unclear. METHODS To validate the clinical relevance of L. paracasei-derived EVs (LpEV) in asthma, the composition of gut microbial EVs was verified by metagenomics in LPS-induced C57BL/6 mice. The components of proteins and metabolites in LpEV were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and metabolomic analysis. The serum levels of specific IgG1 or IgG4 antibodies to LpEV were compared by ELISA between patients with eosinophilic asthma (EA, n = 10) and those with neutrophilic asthma (NA, n = 10) as well as with healthy controls (HCs, n = 10). Finally, therapeutic effects of LpEV and their metabolites in asthma were validated in vivo/in vitro. RESULTS Significantly lower proportions of EVs derived from Lactobacillus at the genus level were noted in mice with NA than in control mice. Moreover, the serum levels of LpEV-specific IgG4, but not IgG1, were lower in patients with NA than in those with EA or in HCs and positively correlated with FEV1 (%) values. In addition, oral administration of LpEV reduced airway resistance and inflammation in mice with NA. Finally, LpEV and their 3 metabolites (dodecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, and D-(-)-tagatose) significantly inhibited JNK phosphorylation/IL-8 production in airway epithelium in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that LpEV may have a therapeutic potential targeting NA by suppressing the JNK pathway and proinflammatory cytokine production in airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoon Sim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea.
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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Onishi Y, Adachi S, Tani F, Kobayashi T. Effect of phosphate buffer concentration on the isomerization of galactose to rare sugars under subcritical water conditions. Food Chem 2024; 434:137432. [PMID: 37713753 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Galactose was treated in sodium phosphate buffer at various concentrations (0.1-500 mmol/L) under subcritical water conditions (140 °C), and the effects of the buffer concentration and reaction time (0-300 s) on the reaction behavior were evaluated. The reaction proceeded rapidly at higher buffer concentrations. Rare sugars (tagatose, talose, and sorbose) were formed from galactose by isomerization. The highest yield of the main product, tagatose, was approximately 14 % in 50 mmol/L buffer. However, the tagatose yield did not increase further with increasing buffer concentration. On the other hand, the formation of talose and sorbose was accelerated at higher buffer concentrations, with the highest yields of approximately 5 % and 12 %, respectively, in 500 mmol/L buffer. At the same time, the formation of byproducts (organic acids and colored substances) was also accelerated in high-concentration buffers. These results suggest that phosphate buffer promoted all reactions occurring under subcritical water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Onishi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuji Adachi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Nirwantono R, Laksmi FA, Nuryana I, Firdausa S, Herawan D, Giyandini R, Hidayat AA. Exploring an l-arabinose isomerase from cryophile bacteria Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus B7 for d-tagatose production. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127781. [PMID: 37923040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel l-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) from Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus (Ap L-AI) was successfully cloned and characterized. The enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of d-galactose into a rare sugar d-tagatose. The recombinant Ap L-AI had an approximate molecular weight of about 258 kDa, suggesting it was an aggregate of five 58 kDa monomers and became the first record as a homo-pentamer L-AI. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) and Km for d-galactose were 0.32 mM-1 min-1 and 51.43 mM, respectively, while for l-arabinose, were 0.64 mM-1 min-1 and 23.41 mM, respectively. It had the highest activity at pH 7.0-7.5 and 60 °C in the presence of 0.250 mM Mn2+. Ap L-AI was discovered to be an outstanding thermostable enzyme that only lost its half-life value at 60 °C for >1000 min. These findings suggest that l-arabinose isomerase from Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus is a promising candidate for d-tagatose mass-production due to its industrially competitive temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Nirwantono
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Chemistry Bld, 68 Cooper Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, Bina Nusantara University, Anggrek Jl. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 27, Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta 11530, Indonesia
| | - Fina Amreta Laksmi
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Isa Nuryana
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Salsabila Firdausa
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - David Herawan
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ranistia Giyandini
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Alam Ahmad Hidayat
- Mathematics Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Anggrek Jl. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 27, Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta 11530, Indonesia
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Wang G, Lyu X, Wang L, Wang M, Yang R. Highly efficient production and simultaneous purification of d-tagatose through one-pot extraction-assisted isomerization of d-galactose. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100928. [PMID: 38144734 PMCID: PMC10739900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A one-pot extraction-assisted d-galactose-to-d-tagatose isomerization strategy was proposed based on the selective extraction of d-tagatose by phenylborate anions. 4-Vinylphenylboronic acid was selected with high extraction efficiency and selectivity towards d-tagatose. The extracted sugars could be desorbed through a two-staged stripping process with the purity of d-tagatose significantly increased. In-situ extraction-assisted d-galactose-to-d-tagatose isomerization was implemented for the first time ever reported, and the effect of boron-to-sugar ratio (boron: sugar) was investigated. The conversion yield of d-tagatose at 60 °C increased from ∼ 39 % (boron: sugar = 0.5) to ∼ 56 % (boron: sugar = 1) but then decreased to ∼ 44 % (boron: sugar = 1.5). With temperature increased to 70 °C, the conversion yield of d-tagatose was further improved to ∼ 61 % (boron: sugar = 1.5), with the minimized formation of byproducts. Moreover, high purity (∼83 %) and concentrated d-tagatose solution (∼40 g/L) was obtained after sequential desorption. The proposed extraction-assisted isomerization strategy achieved improving the yield and purity of d-tagatose, proving its feasibility in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
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Kishida K, Iida T, Yamada T, Toyoda Y. Intestinal absorption of D-fructose isomers, D-allulose, D-sorbose and D-tagatose, via glucose transporter type 5 (GLUT5) but not sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) in rats. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1852-1858. [PMID: 38713062 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
D-allulose, D-sorbose and D-tagatose are D-fructose isomers that are called rare sugars. These rare sugars have been studied intensively in terms of biological production and food application as well as physiological effects. There are limited papers with regard to the transporters mediating the intestinal absorption of these rare sugars. We examined whether these rare sugars are absorbed via sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) as well as via GLUT type 5 (GLUT5) using rats. High-fructose diet fed rats, which express more intestinal GLUT5, exhibited significantly higher peripheral concentrations, Cmax and AUC0–180 min when D-allulose, D-sorbose and D-tagatose were orally administrated. KGA-2727, a selective SGLT1 inhibitor, did not affect the peripheral and portal vein concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of these rare sugars. The results suggest that D-allulose, D-sorbose and D-tagatose are likely transported via GLUT5 but not SGLT1 in rat small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Kishida
- Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama649-6493, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iida
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Company, Limited, 5-3 Kita-Itami, Itami, Hyogo664-8508, Japan
| | - Takako Yamada
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Company, Limited, 5-3 Kita-Itami, Itami, Hyogo664-8508, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Toyoda
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi468-8503, Japan
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Miyoshi M, Yoshihara A, Mochizuki S, Kato S, Yoshida H, Matsuo T, Kishimoto Y, Inazu T, Kimura I, Izumori K, Akimitsu K. Safety evaluation and maximum use level for transient ingestion in humans of allitol. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1193-1204. [PMID: 37355782 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Allitol is a hexitol produced by reducing the rare sugar D-allulose with a metal catalyst under hydrogen gas. To confirm the safe level of allitol, we conducted a series of safety assessments. From the results of Ames mutagenicity assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA, and an in vitro chromosomal aberration test on cultured Chinese hamster cells, allitol did not show any significant genotoxic effect. No significant effects on general condition, urinalysis, hematology, physiology, histopathology, or at necropsy were observed at a dose of 1500 mg/kg body weight of allitol in the acute and 90-day subchronic oral-toxicity assessments for rats. A further study performed on healthy adult humans showed that the acute use level of allitol for diarrhea was 0.2 g/kg body weight for both men and women. The results of current safety assessment studies suggest that allitol is safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Miyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture and International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Fermentation & Food Research Institute, Kagawa Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Shodoshima, Shozu, Kagawa 761-4421, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- Faculty of Agriculture and International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Susumu Mochizuki
- Faculty of Agriculture and International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Shiro Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture and International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yoshida
- Faculty of Medicine and International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Matsuo
- Faculty of Agriculture and International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yuka Kishimoto
- Research Laboratory, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Itami, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan
| | - Tadao Inazu
- Food Research Institute, Kagawa Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Goto, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-8031, Japan
| | - Isao Kimura
- Fermentation & Food Research Institute, Kagawa Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Shodoshima, Shozu, Kagawa 761-4421, Japan
| | - Ken Izumori
- Faculty of Agriculture and International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture and International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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Van den Abbeele P, Poppe J, Deyaert S, Laurie I, Otto Gravert TK, Abrahamsson A, Baudot A, Karnik K, Risso D. Low-no-calorie sweeteners exert marked compound-specific impact on the human gut microbiota ex vivo. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:630-644. [PMID: 37537786 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2240037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) are used as sugar substitutes as part of strategies to reduce the risk of chronic diseases related to high sugar intake (e.g. type 2 diabetes (T2D)). This study investigated how a range of sweeteners [tagatose (TA)/maltitol (MA)/sorbitol (SO)/stevia (ST)/sucralose (SU)/acesulfame K (ACK)] impact the gut microbiota of T2D subjects and healthy human adults using the ex vivo SIFR® technology (n = 12). The cohort covered clinically relevant interpersonal and T2D-related differences. ACK/SU remained intact while not impacting microbial composition and metabolite production. In contrast, TA/SO and ST/MA were respectively readily and gradually fermented. ST and particularly TA/SO/MA increased bacterial density and SCFA production product-specifically: SO increased acetate (∼Bifidobacterium adolescentis), whilst MA/ST increased propionate (∼Parabacteroides distasonis). TA exerted low specificity as it increased butyrate for healthy subjects, yet propionate for T2D subjects. Overall, LNCS exerted highly compound-specific effects stressing that results obtained for one LNCS cannot be generalised to other LNCS.
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12
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Liu W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhu L, Jiang L. Efficient production of d-tagatose via DNA scaffold mediated oxidoreductases assembly in vivo from whey powder. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112637. [PMID: 36914333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the emerging sweeteners, d-tagatose occupies a significant niche due to its low calorific value, antidiabetic property and growth promoting effects on intestinal probiotics. Recently, the main approach for d-tagatose biosynthesis is l-arabinose isomerase-based isomerization reaction from galactose, which shows relatively low conversion rate because of unfavorable thermodynamic equilibria. Herein, oxidoreductases, d-xylose reductase and galactitol dehydrogenase, together with endogenous β-galactosidase were employed to catalyze the biosynthesis of d-tagatose from lactose with a yield of 0.282 g/g in Escherichia coli. Then, a deactivated CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins-based DNA scaffold system was developed, which were proved to be efficient for assembling the oxidoreductases in vivo and got a 1.44-folds increase in d-tagatose titer and yield. Further, by employing d-xylose reductase with higher galactose affinity and activity, as well as overexpressing pntAB genes, the d-tagatose yield from lactose (0.484 g/g) increased to 92.0 % of the theoretical value, 1.72-times as that of original strain. Finally, whey powder, a lactose-rich food by-product, was bifunctionally utilized as an inducer and substrate. In the 5 L bioreactor, d-tagatose titer reached 32.3 g/L with little galactose detected, and the yield from lactose approached 0.402 g/g, which was the highest from waste biomass in the literature. The strategies used here might provide new insights into the biosynthesis of d-tagatose in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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13
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Zhao J, Wang Z, Jin Q, Feng D, Lee J. Isomerization of Galactose to Tagatose: Recent Advances in Non-enzymatic Isomerization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4228-4234. [PMID: 36867179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of galactose derived from acid whey to low-calorie tagatose has gained increasing attention. Enzymatic isomerization is of great interest but faces several challenges, such as poor thermal stability of enzymes and a long processing time. In this work, non-enzymatic (supercritical fluids, triethylamine, arginine, boronate affinity, hydrotalcite, Sn-β zeolite, and calcium hydroxide) pathways for galactose to tagatose isomerization were critically discussed. Unfortunately, most of these chemicals showed poor tagatose yields (<30%), except for calcium hydroxide (>70%). The latter is able to form a tagatose-calcium hydroxide-water complex, which stimulates the equilibrium toward tagatose and prevents sugar degradation. Nevertheless, the excessive use of calcium hydroxide may pose challenges in terms of economic and environmental feasibility. Moreover, the proposed mechanisms for the base (enediol intermediate) and Lewis acid (hydride shift between C-2 and C-1) catalysis of galactose were elucidated. Overall, it is crucial to explore novel and effective catalysts as well as integrated systems for isomerizing of galactose to tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Qing Jin
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Danyi Feng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Juhee Lee
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
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14
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Jeon EJ, Lee YM, Choi EJ, Kim SB, Jeong KJ. Production of Tagatose by Whole-cell Bioconversion from Fructose Using Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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15
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Milasing N, Khuwijitjaru P, Adachi S. Isomerization of galactose to tagatose using arginine as a green catalyst. Food Chem 2022; 398:133858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Optimization of flour-replacing ingredients for low-carbohydrate, gluten-free muffins via a mixture design with complete sucrose substitution by d-allulose or d-tagatose. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Sambra V, Vicuña IA, Priken KM, Luna SL, Allendes DA, Godoy PM, Novik V, Vega CA. Acute responses of stevia and d-tagatose intake on metabolic parameters and appetite/satiety in insulin resistance. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:217-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Vera C, Guerrero C, Illanes A. Trends in lactose-derived bioactives: synthesis and purification. SYSTEMS MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOMANUFACTURING 2022; 2:393-412. [PMID: 38624767 PMCID: PMC8776390 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-021-00068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactose obtained from cheese whey is a low value commodity despite its great potential as raw material for the production of bioactive compounds. Among them, prebiotics stand out as valuable ingredients to be added to food matrices to build up functional foods, which currently represent the most active sector within the food industry. Functional foods market has been growing steadily in the recent decades along with the increasing awareness of the World population about healthy nutrition, and this is having a strong impact on lactose-derived bioactives. Most of them are produced by enzyme biocatalysis because of molecular precision and environmental sustainability considerations. The current status and outlook of the production of lactose-derived bioactive compounds is presented with special emphasis on downstream operations which are critical because of the rather modest lactose conversion and product yields that are attainable. Even though some of these products have already an established market, there are still several challenges referring to the need of developing better catalysts and more cost-effective downstream operations for delivering high quality products at affordable prices. This technological push is expected to broaden the spectrum of lactose-derived bioactive compounds to be produced at industrial scale in the near future. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaiso, Chile
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Mayumi S, Kuboniwa M, Sakanaka A, Hashino E, Ishikawa A, Ijima Y, Amano A. Potential of Prebiotic D-Tagatose for Prevention of Oral Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:767944. [PMID: 34804997 PMCID: PMC8604381 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.767944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity in related species including Streptococcus oralis, a typical oral commensal bacterium, Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacterium, and Streptococcus gordonii, which functions as an accessory pathogen in periodontopathic biofilm. In this study, metabolites characteristically contained in the saliva of individuals with good oral hygiene were determined, after which the effects of an identified prebiotic candidate, D-tagatose, on phenotype, gene expression, and metabolic profiles of those three key bacterial species were investigated. Examinations of the saliva metabolome of 18 systemically healthy volunteers identified salivary D-tagatose as associated with lower dental biofilm abundance in the oral cavity (Spearman’s correlation coefficient; r = -0.603, p = 0.008), then the effects of D-tagatose on oral streptococci were analyzed in vitro. In chemically defined medium (CDM) containing D-tagatose as the sole carbohydrate source, S. mutans and S. gordonii each showed negligible biofilm formation, whereas significant biofilms were formed in cultures of S. oralis. Furthermore, even in the presence of glucose, S. mutans and S. gordonii showed growth suppression and decreases in the final viable cell count in a D-tagatose concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, no inhibitory effects of D-tagatose on the growth of S. oralis were observed. To investigate species-specific inhibition by D-tagatose, the metabolomic profiles of D-tagatose-treated S. mutans, S. gordonii, and S. oralis cells were examined. The intracellular amounts of pyruvate-derived amino acids in S. mutans and S. gordonii, but not in S. oralis, such as branched-chain amino acids and alanine, tended to decrease in the presence of D-tagatose. This phenomenon indicates that D-tagatose inhibits growth of those bacteria by affecting glycolysis and its downstream metabolism. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that D-tagatose is abundant in saliva of individuals with good oral health. Additionally, experimental results demonstrated that D-tagatose selectively inhibits growth of the oral pathogens S. mutans and S. gordonii. In contrast, the oral commensal S. oralis seemed to be negligibly affected, thus highlighting the potential of administration of D-tagatose as an oral prebiotic for its ability to manipulate the metabolism of those targeted oral streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Mayumi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Ei Hashino
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Yura Ijima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
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20
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Li XY, Xu MQ, Liu H, Zhou Q, Gao J, Zhang YW. Preparation of combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates containing galactitol dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase for L-tagatose synthesis via in situ cofactor regeneration. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 45:353-364. [PMID: 34797400 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) containing galactitol dehydrogenase (Gdh) and NADH oxidase (Nox) were prepared for L-tagatose synthesis. To prevent the excess consumption of cofactor, Nox in the combi-CLEAs was used to in situ regenerate NAD+. In the immobilization process, ammonia sulfate and glutaraldehyde were used as the precipitant and cross-linking reagent, respectively. The preparation conditions were optimized as follows: 60% ammonium sulfate, 1:1 (molar ratio) of Gdh to Nox, 20:1 (molar ratio) of protein to glutaraldehyde, and 6 h of cross-linking time at 35 °C. Under these conditions, the activity of the combi-CLEAs was 210 U g-1. The combi-CLEAs exhibited higher thermostability and preserved 51.5% of the original activity after eight cycles of reuses at 45 °C. The combi-CLEAs were utilized for the preparation of L-tagatose without by-products. Therefore, the combi-CLEAs have the industrial potential for the bioconversion of galactitol to L-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qiu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Qinzhou, 535100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Carcelli A, Suo X, Boukid F, Carini E, Vittadini E. Semi‐solid fibre syrup for sugar reduction in cookies. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carcelli
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
- HI‐FOOD S.p.A. Parco Area delle Scienze Pad. 27 Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Xinying Suo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino via Gentile III da Varano Camerino, Macerata 62032 Italy
- School of Food and Bioengineering Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Fatma Boukid
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA) Food Safety and Functionality Programme Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n Monells Catalonia 17121 Spain
| | - Eleonora Carini
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Elena Vittadini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino via Gentile III da Varano Camerino, Macerata 62032 Italy
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22
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Leite AK, Santos BN, Fonteles TV, Rodrigues S. Cashew apple juice containing gluco-oligosaccharides, dextran, and tagatose promotes probiotic microbial growth. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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L-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus parabuchneri and its whole cell biocatalytic application in D-tagatose biosynthesis from D-galactose. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Biotechnological production of d-tagatose from lactose using metabolically engineering Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Tietel Z, Ananth DA, Sivasudha T, Klipcan L. Metabolomics of Cassia Auriculata Plant Parts (Leaf, Flower, Bud) and Their Antidiabetic Medicinal Potentials. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:294-301. [PMID: 33904794 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common chronic disease where therapeutics innovation is much needed. The search for novel antidiabetic molecules can be greatly facilitated by high throughput metabolomic characterization of herbal medicines. Cassia auriculata is a shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine and native to India and Sri Lanka. While C. auriculata has been used as a medicinal herb in diabetes, the molecular evidence for its antidiabetic medicinal potentials and components needs to be established. Moreover, the phytocomposition of the various plant parts is not fully known. We report a comprehensive metabolomic gas chromatography mass spectrometry study of the C. auriculata plant parts, including the leaf, flower, and bud. We identified a total of 102 primary and secondary metabolites in seven chemical groups, including amino acids (AA), carboxylic acids, nucleosides, fatty acids, among others. Interestingly, plant parts differed in their metabolomic signatures. While in the flowers and leaves nine and six AA were identified, respectively, no AA was detected in the buds. Some of the identified compounds have been previously noted for their antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactivities. These findings offer a concrete metabolomic basis on the phytocomposition of individual C. auriculata plant parts. These omics data call for future research on the function of the identified compounds, and clinical studies to further evaluate their antidiabetic potentials and mechanisms of action in the clinic. Finally, we note that plant omics research offers an important avenue to inform, verify, and strengthen the evidentiary base and clinical testing of herbs with medicinal potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Devanesan Arul Ananth
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Thilagar Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Liron Klipcan
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
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26
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Durante M, Sgambellone S, Lucarini L, Failli P, Laurino A, Collotta D, Provensi G, Masini E, Collino M. D-Tagatose Feeding Reduces the Risk of Sugar-Induced Exacerbation of Myocardial I/R Injury When Compared to Its Isomer Fructose. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:650962. [PMID: 33928123 PMCID: PMC8076855 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.650962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that fructose may contribute to myocardial vulnerability to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. D-tagatose is a fructose isomer with less caloric value and used as low-calorie sweetener. Here we compared the metabolic impact of fructose or D-tagatose enriched diets on potential exacerbation of myocardial I/R injury. Wistar rats were randomizedly allocated in the experimental groups and fed with one of the following diets: control (CTRL), 30% fructose-enriched (FRU 30%) or 30% D-tagatose-enriched (TAG 30%). After 24 weeks of dietary manipulation, rats underwent myocardial injury caused by 30 min ligature of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery followed by 24 h′ reperfusion. Fructose consumption resulted in body weight increase (49%) as well as altered glucose, insulin and lipid profiles. These effects were associated with increased I/R-induced myocardial damage, oxidative stress (36.5%) and inflammation marker expression. TAG 30%-fed rats showed lower oxidative stress (21%) and inflammation in comparison with FRU-fed rats. Besides, TAG diet significantly reduced plasmatic inflammatory cytokines and GDF8 expression (50%), while increased myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (59%). Overall, we demonstrated that D-tagatose represents an interesting sugar alternative when compared to its isomer fructose with reduced deleterious impact not only on the metabolic profile but also on the related heart susceptibility to I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaconcetta Durante
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Sgambellone
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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27
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Onishi Y, Furushiro Y, Adachi S, Kobayashi T. Isomerization and Epimerization of Galactose to Tagatose and Talose in a Phosphate Buffer Containing Organic Solvents under Subcritical Water Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Onishi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuya Furushiro
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuji Adachi
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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28
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de Souza TC, Oliveira RC, Bezerra SGS, Manzo RM, Mammarella EJ, Hissa DC, Gonçalves LRB. Alternative Heterologous Expression of L-Arabinose Isomerase from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 By Residual Whey Lactose Induction. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:289-304. [PMID: 33502742 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study reports an alternative strategy for the expression of a recombinant L-AI from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 by auto-induction using glucose and glycerol as carbon sources and residual whey lactose as inducer agent. Commercial lactose and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) were also evaluated as inducers for comparison of enzyme expression levels. The enzymatic extracts were purified by affinity chromatography, characterized, and applied in the bioconversion of D-galactose into D-tagatose. L-AI presented a catalytic activity of 1.67 ± 0.14, 1.52 ± 0.01, and 0.7 ± 0.04 U/mL, when expressed using commercial lactose, lactose from whey, and IPTG, respectively. Higher activities could be obtained by changing the protocol of enzyme extraction and, for instance, the enzymatic extract produced with whey presented a catalytic activity of 3.8 U/mL. The specific activity of the enzyme extracts produced using lactose (commercial or residual whey) after enzyme purification was also higher when compared to the enzyme expressed with IPTG. Best results were achieved when enzyme expression was conducted using 4 g/L of residual whey lactose for 11 h. These results proved the efficacy of an alternative and economic protocol for the effective expression of a recombinant L-AI aiming its high-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiane C de Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Ravena Casemiro Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo M Manzo
- Grupo de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S/N, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Mammarella
- Grupo de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S/N, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Denise Cavalcante Hissa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60455-760, Brazil.
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Ravikumar Y, Ponpandian LN, Zhang G, Yun J, Qi X. Harnessing -arabinose isomerase for biological production of -tagatose: Recent advances and its applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Roy S, Samanta AK, Dhali A, Kolte AP, Chikkerur J, Bhatta R. In vitro
assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of the D‐tagatose and lactobacilli‐based synbiotic preparations against the pathogenic
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella typhimurium. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- ICAR‐National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Adugodi, Hosur Road Bengaluru560 030India
- Department of Biotechnology Centre for Postgraduate Studies Jain University Bengaluru560 041India
| | - Ashis Kumar Samanta
- ICAR‐National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Adugodi, Hosur Road Bengaluru560 030India
| | - Arindam Dhali
- ICAR‐National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Adugodi, Hosur Road Bengaluru560 030India
| | - Atul Purushottam Kolte
- ICAR‐National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Adugodi, Hosur Road Bengaluru560 030India
| | - Jayaram Chikkerur
- ICAR‐National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Adugodi, Hosur Road Bengaluru560 030India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR‐National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Adugodi, Hosur Road Bengaluru560 030India
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31
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Rojo-Poveda O, Barbosa-Pereira L, El Khattabi C, Youl EN, Bertolino M, Delporte C, Pochet S, Stévigny C. Polyphenolic and Methylxanthine Bioaccessibility of Cocoa Bean Shell Functional Biscuits: Metabolomics Approach and Intestinal Permeability through Caco-2 Cell Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1164. [PMID: 33266403 PMCID: PMC7700373 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa bean shell (CBS), a by-product with considerable concentrations of bioactive compounds and proven biofunctional potential, has been demonstrated to be a suitable ingredient for high-fiber functional biscuits adapted to diabetic consumers. In this work, the in vitro bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of polyphenols and methylxanthines contained in these biscuits were evaluated, and the effect of the food matrix was studied. Biscuits containing CBS and the CBS alone underwent in vitro digestion followed by an intestinal permeability study. The results confirmed that compounds were less bioavailable in the presence of a food matrix, although the digestion contributed to their release from this matrix, increasing the concentrations available at the intestinal level and making them capable of promoting antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. After digestion, CBS biscuits were shown to possess α-glucosidase inhibition capacity comparable to that of acarbose. Moreover, the presence of the food matrix improved the stability of polyphenols throughout the digestion process. Intestinal absorption of flavan-3-ols seemed to be limited to a maximum threshold and was therefore independent of the sample, while procyanidin was not absorbed. Methylxanthine absorption was high and was boosted by the presence of the food matrix. The results confirmed the biofunctional potential of CBS-based biscuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rojo-Poveda
- RD3 Department-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.S.)
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.B.-P.); (M.B.)
| | - Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.B.-P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Charaf El Khattabi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.E.K.); (E.N.H.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Estelle N.H. Youl
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.E.K.); (E.N.H.Y.); (S.P.)
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 958 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
| | - Marta Bertolino
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.B.-P.); (M.B.)
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3 Department-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.S.)
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Pochet
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.E.K.); (E.N.H.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- RD3 Department-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.S.)
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32
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Braunstein CR, Noronha JC, Khan TA, Mejia SB, Wolever TMS, Josse RG, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL. Effect of fructose and its epimers on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3308-3318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Saraiva A, Carrascosa C, Raheem D, Ramos F, Raposo A. Natural Sweeteners: The Relevance of Food Naturalness for Consumers, Food Security Aspects, Sustainability and Health Impacts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6285. [PMID: 32872325 PMCID: PMC7504156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
At a moment when the population is increasingly aware and involved in what it eats, both consumers and the food sector are showing more interest in natural foods. This review work discusses, addresses and provides details of the most important aspects of consumer's perceptions of and attitudes to natural foods and in-depth research into natural sweeteners. It also includes issues about their use and development as regards health impacts, food security and sustainability. In line with our main research outcome, we can assume that consumers are very keen on choosing foods with clean labelling, natural ingredients, preferably with other functional properties, without the loss of taste. In response to such a phenomenon, the food industry offers consumers alternative natural sweeteners with the advantage of added health benefits. It is noteworthy that Nature is a superb source of desirable substances, and many have a sweet taste, and many still need to be studied. Finally, we must stress that being natural does not necessarily guarantee market success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (A.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (A.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Lapland, Finland;
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142 Oporto, Portugal
| | - António Raposo
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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34
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Bortone N, Fidaleo M. Stabilization of immobilizedl‐arabinose isomerase for the production ofd‐tagatose fromd‐galactose. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3033. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bortone
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐food and Forest Systems University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Marcello Fidaleo
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐food and Forest Systems University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
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35
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Physical Properties and Consumer Evaluation of Cocoa Bean Shell-Functionalized Biscuits Adapted for Diabetic Consumers by the Replacement of Sucrose with Tagatose. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060814. [PMID: 32575809 PMCID: PMC7353579 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cocoa bean shell (CBS), a by-product of the cocoa industry, has been reported to be rich in fiber and polyphenols, which could contribute to reducing the metabolism of sugars and glucose adsorption. The production of CBS-based biscuits in which sucrose is replaced with tagatose (a low-glycemic sugar with prebiotic properties), benefiting diabetic consumers, is proposed. Six prototype biscuits were produced using sucrose, tagatose, and CBS powder at 0%, 10%, and 20% as a wheat flour replacement. Biscuits were studied in terms of fiber content, and those with 10% and 20% CBS showed to contain 5.66% and 8.70–8.71% of total dietary fiber, respectively. Moreover, the physicochemical and structural properties of the biscuits were studied to evaluate their differences due to the use of sucrose and tagatose combined with CBS. Significant effects mainly caused by the reducing nature and lower solubility of tagatose with respect to sugar, and the water retention capacities of CBS were observed. Finally, the biscuits were evaluated by performing a consumer acceptance evaluation, and their perceptible sensorial differences were studied by performing a Napping® sensory characterization. CBS-based biscuits represent an interesting possibility for cocoa by-product revalorization, although an optimized recipe is recommended, especially when employing tagatose.
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36
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A Three-Step Process for the Bioconversion of Whey Permeate into a Glucose-Free D-Tagatose Syrup. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a sustainable three-stage process for the revaluation of cheese whey permeate into D-tagatose, a rare sugar with functional properties used as sweetener. The experimental conditions (pH, temperature, cofactors, etc.) for each step were independently optimized. In the first step, concentrated whey containing 180–200 g/L of lactose was fully hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum (Saphera®) in 3 h at 45 °C. Secondly, glucose was selectively removed by treatment with Pichia pastoris cells for 3 h at 30 °C. The best results were obtained with 350 mg of cells (previously grown for 16 h) per mL of solution. Finally, L-arabinose isomerase US100 from Bacillus stearothermophilus was employed to isomerize D-galactose into D-tagatose at pH 7.5 and 65 °C, in presence of 0.5 mM MnSO4. After 7 h, the concentration of D-tagatose was approximately 30 g/L (33.3% yield, referred to the initial D-galactose present in whey). The proposed integrated process takes place under mild conditions (neutral pH, moderate temperatures) in a short time (13 h), yielding a glucose-free syrup containing D-tagatose and galactose in a ratio 1:2 (w/w).
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Production of tagatose and talose through isomerization of galactose in a buffer solution under subcritical water conditions. Carbohydr Res 2020; 493:108031. [PMID: 32454312 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Galactose was isomerized in pure water or in 10 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer at 160 °C under pressurized conditions. The isomerization of galactose to tagatose and talose in phosphate buffer resulted in 14% and 1.4% yields, respectively, which were significantly higher than those obtained in subcritical pure water (0.6% and <0.1%, respectively). The effect of the temperature on isomerization was examined between 100 and 160 °C. The most remarkable isomerization was observed at 120 °C or higher. The effect of the buffer solution type was also examined. The pH drop of the treated solution was lesser in MOPS and PIPES buffers than in the phosphate buffer; however, the isomerization was less likely to occur in MOPS and PIPES buffers. The relationship between the pH drop during the reaction in phosphate buffer and the yields of tagatose and talose revealed that the isomerization proceeded only when the pH was >6.3. Our results indicate that the galactose isomerization by Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda-van Ekenstein transformation rarely occurred at low pH due to the formation of organic acids.
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38
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Adachi S, Miyagawa Y, Kobayashi T. Production of Tagatose from Galactose in a Batch-type Reactor Using a Phosphate Buffer under Subcritical Water Conditions. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Adachi
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science
| | - Yayoi Miyagawa
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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The Constipation-Relieving Property of d-Tagatose by Modulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225721. [PMID: 31739640 PMCID: PMC6887738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
d-tagatose, a monosaccharide as well as a dietary supplement, has been reported as having a wide range of applicability in the food industry, however, the prebiotic activity, anticonstipation effects, and related mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, using the loperamide-induced constipation Kunming mice as the animal model, the effects of d-tagatose for the prevention of constipation were evaluated by gastrointestinal transit experiment and defecation experiment. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was clarified by evaluating the change of the biochemical indicators and analyzing 16S rRNA amplicon of gut microbiota among the different mice groups. The results showed that the gastrointestinal transit rate, fecal number, and weight in six hours were significantly enhanced after the administration of d-tagatose. In addition, d-tagatose significantly increased the serum levels of acetylcholine (Ach) and substance P (SP), whereas the serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) were significantly decreased. Moreover, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the changes in the gut microbiota caused by constipation were restored by d-tagatose treatment. In conclusion, this study indicated that the administration of d-tagatose as a dietary supplement can effectively prevent and relieve constipation in Kunming mice, and it is a promising prebiotic candidate with constipation-relieving properties.
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Acute Effects of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on Postprandial Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081717. [PMID: 31349678 PMCID: PMC6722982 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is under-recognised, but common, particularly in the elderly, and is of clear clinical importance due to both the independent association between PPH and an increase in mortality and lack of effective management for this condition. Following health concerns surrounding excessive consumption of sugar, there has been a trend in the use of low- or non-nutritive sweeteners as an alternative. Due to the lack of literature in this area, we conducted a systematic search to identify studies relevant to the effects of different types of sweeteners on postprandial blood pressure (BP). The BP response to ingestion of sweeteners is generally unaffected in healthy young subjects, however in elderly subjects, glucose induces the greatest decrease in postprandial BP, while the response to sucrose is less pronounced. The limited studies investigating other nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners have demonstrated minimal or no effect on postprandial BP. Dietary modification by replacing high nutritive sweeteners (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) with low nutritive (d-xylose, xylitol, erythritol, maltose, maltodextrin, and tagatose) and non-nutritive sweeteners may be a simple and effective management strategy for PPH.
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