Purification of polyphenols from Phyllanthus emblica L. pomace using macroporous resins: Antioxidant activity and potential anti-Alzheimer's effects

Exploration of Polysaccharides from Phyllanthus emblica: Isolation, Identification, and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Activities

Phyllanthus emblica is a natural medicinal herb with diverse bioactivities. Certain extracts from this herb have been confirmed to possess anti-glycolipid metabolic disorder activity. To further develop its utility value and explore its potential in combating glycolipid metabolic disorders, we designed a series of experiments to investigate the structure, antioxidant activity, and anti-glycolipid metabolic disorder activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides. In this study, we extracted and purified polysaccharides from Phyllanthus emblica and thoroughly analyzed their structure using various techniques, including NMR, methylation analysis, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We investigated the hypolipidemic and anti-glycolipid metabolism disorder activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides for the first time utilizing oleic acid (OA) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as inducers. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides was assessed in vitro. These findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into the potential application of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides as an intervention for preventing and treating diabetes.

Research status of indole-modified natural products

Indole is a heterocyclic compound formed by the fusion of a benzene ring and pyrrole ring, which has rich biological activity. Many indole-containing compounds have been sold on the market due to their excellent pharmacological activity. For example, vincristine and reserpine have been widely used in clinical practice. The diverse structures and biological activities of natural products provide abundant resources for the development of new drugs. Therefore, this review classifies natural products by structure, and summarizes the research progress of indole-containing natural product derivatives, their biological activities, structure-activity relationship and research mechanism which has been studied in the past 13 years, so as to provide a basis for the development of new drug development.

Study on Extraction and Purification of Acanthopanax senticosus Polyphenols by an Ionic Liquid-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase System

This study aimed to extract and purify polyphenols from Acanthopanax senticosus. A new green method was developed, in which ionic liquids (ILs) were used as aqueous two-phase (ATP) adjuvants to extract the polyphenols from A. senticosus. An ionic liquid-assisted aqueous two-phase system (IL-ATPS) was established. The purification of the polyphenols from the extraction fluid by AB-8 macroporous resin was conducted, and the kinetic mechanisms were studied. The reuse of ionic liquids was executed. The results showed that an [OMIM]Br-assisted ethanol/NaH2PO4 system (IL-ATPS) was the best extraction solvent. In this study, the following optimal extraction conditions were determined: 32 wt.% ethanol, 25 wt.% NaH2PO4, 9 wt.% additional ionic liquid, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, a pH of 4.0, an extraction time of 50 min, and an extraction rate of the polyphenols at 15.90 mg/g. The optimum adsorption parameters of the macroporous resin AB-8 were as follows: a flow rate of 3.5 BV·h-1, a sample volume of 40 mL, an elution flow rate of 3.5 BV·h-1, an eluent volume of 80 mL, and an eluant that was constituted by an 85% volume fraction of ethanol. The decolorization effect of 4% activated carbon was better than the other amounts; in addition, a decolorization rate of 76.81% and an ionic liquid recovery rate of 81.12% were found to be the most optimal. Compared with the traditional extraction methods, IL-ATPS has the advantages of requiring simple operation, saving time, and high efficiency. In addition, it can be used for the extraction of the polyphenolic compounds.

Standardization and Ameliorative effect of Kalyanaka ghrita in β-amyloid induced memory impairment in wistar rats

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Kalyanaka ghrita (KG) is an Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used in the treatment of Daurbalya (debility) and Smritidaurbalya (impairment of intellectual activities). Clinical studies have reported the effect of KG in the treatment of Manasmandata or Buddhimandyata which is associated with impaired learning, social adjustment and maturation.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The present study aims to standardization of KG and validation of its use in experimental models of neurodegeneration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

KG was Standardized for biomarkers curcumin, gallic acid, tannic acid, chebulagic acid, and berberine. In male wistar rats, neurodegeneration was induced by administration of intracerebroventricular Amyloid β (Aβ_1-42). The effect of KG (oral and intranasal treatment) was evaluated through behavioral parameters such as Morris water maze, social recognition test, novel object recognition, locomotor activity, and molecular parameters, brain acetylcholinesterase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidants. Brain histopathology was performed for studying the architecture of the brain and plaque formation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A novel HPLC method has been developed for the standardization of KG. Treatment with KG significantly improved cognition and memory and increased brain BDNF and antioxidant status in Aβ_1-42 induced rats. It also reduced brain acetylcholinesterase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines and prevented neuronal damage. There were more marked effects with intra-nasal administration compared to oral treatment.

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that KG has neuroprotective potential and along with its nootropic property could be a promising therapy for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.