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Osorio N, Martineau M, Fortea M, Rouget C, Penalba V, Lee CJ, Boesmans W, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Patel AV, Mondielli G, Conrod S, Labat-Gest V, Papin A, Sasabe J, Sweedler JV, Vanden Berghe P, Delmas P, Mothet JP. d-Serine agonism of GluN1-GluN3 NMDA receptors regulates the activity of enteric neurons and coordinates gut motility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537136. [PMID: 37131687 PMCID: PMC10153202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network of diverse molecularly defined classes of neurons embedded in the gastrointestinal wall and responsible for controlling the major functions of the gut. As in the central nervous system, the vast array of ENS neurons is interconnected by chemical synapses. Despite several studies reporting the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the ENS, their roles in the gut remain elusive. Here, by using an array of immunohistochemistry, molecular profiling and functional assays, we uncover a new role for d-serine (d-Ser) and non-conventional GluN1-GluN3 N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in regulating ENS functions. We demonstrate that d-Ser is produced by serine racemase (SR) expressed in enteric neurons. By using both in situ patch clamp recording and calcium imaging, we show that d-Ser alone acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the ENS independently of the conventional GluN1-GluN2 NMDARs. Instead, d-Ser directly gates the non-conventional GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs in enteric neurons from both mouse and guinea-pig. Pharmacological inhibition or potentiation of GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs had opposite effects on mouse colonic motor activities, while genetically driven loss of SR impairs gut transit and fluid content of pellet output. Our results demonstrate the existence of native GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs in enteric neurons and open new perspectives on the exploration of excitatory d-Ser receptors in gut function and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Osorio
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marina Fortea
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Virginie Penalba
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Cindy J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Werend Boesmans
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Amit V. Patel
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Grégoire Mondielli
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Conrod
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Amandine Papin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Jumpei Sasabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Delmas
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM UMR U862, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn UMR9024, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
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Modulation of the microbiota across different intestinal segments by Rifaximin in PI-IBS mice. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:22. [PMID: 36658488 PMCID: PMC9850553 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rifaximin has been increasingly applied in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment. Whether there were differences in the effects of rifaximin on microbiota from different intestinal segments, especially the small intestine where rifaximin predominantly acted, has not been confirmed. METHODS In this study, we used Trichinella spiralis infection to induce post infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) and measured visceral sensitivity of mice by means of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) tests to colorectal distention (CRD). We compared the effects of rifaximin on the composition of ileal, colonic mucosal and fecal microbiota in PI-IBS mice. RESULTS Rifaximin significantly reduced AWR scores and increased pain threshold in PI-IBS mice, and this effect was associated with the change in the relative abundance of ileal mucosal microbiota. Rifaximin could obviously decrease ileum mucosal microbiota alpha diversity assessed by Shannon microbial diversity index. Meanwhile, the analysis of beta diversity and relative abundance of microbiota at phylum, family and genus levels showed that rifaximin could improve the microbiota structure of ileal mucosa. However, for colonic mucosal and fecal microbiota, this effect of rifaximin was not obvious. Rifaximin could reshape the correlation of genera between different intestinal segments. CONCLUSION Rifaximin improved visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice. Rifaximin mainly affected ileal mucosal microbiota, and its improvement effect on IBS might be closely related to the improvement of ileal microbiota structure.
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Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are excitatory neurotransmission receptors of the central nervous system and play vital roles in synaptic plasticity. Although not fully elucidated, visceral hypersensitivity is one of the most well-characterized pathophysiologic abnormalities of functional gastrointestinal diseases and appears to be associated with increased synaptic plasticity. In this study, we review the updated findings on the physiology of NMDARs and AMPARs and their relation to visceral hypersensitivity, which propose directions for future research in this field with evolving importance.
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Yokoo K, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Ammonia impairs tight junction barriers by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in Caco-2 cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21854. [PMID: 34597422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100758r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the major metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms; however, its role in intestinal homeostasis is poorly understood. The present study investigated the regulation of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins by ammonia and the underlying mechanisms in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Ammonia (15, 30, and 60 mM) increased the permeability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased dextran flux. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the ammonia-induced increase in TJ permeability reduced the membrane localization of TJ proteins such as zonula occludens (ZO)1, ZO2, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-3. DNA microarray analysis identified a biological pathway "response to reactive oxygen species" enriched by ammonia treatment, indicating the induction of oxidative stress in the cells. Ammonia treatment also increased the malondialdehyde content and decreased the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Meanwhile, ammonia treatment-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by the downregulation of genes associated with the electron transport chain, reduction of the cellular ATP, NADH, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate content, and suppression of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast, N-acetyl cysteine reversed the ammonia-induced impairment of TJ permeability and structure without affecting the mitochondrial parameters. Collectively, ammonia impaired the TJ barrier by increasing oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. A mitochondrial dysfunction is possibly an event preceding ammonia-induced oxidative stress. The findings of this study could potentially improve our understanding of the interplay between intestinal microorganisms and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yokoo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Najjar SA, Davis BM, Albers KM. Epithelial-Neuronal Communication in the Colon: Implications for Visceral Pain. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:170-181. [PMID: 31983457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity and pain result, at least in part, from increased excitability of primary afferents that innervate the colon. In addition to intrinsic changes in these neurons, emerging evidence indicates that changes in lining epithelial cells may also contribute to increased excitability. Here we review recent studies on how colon epithelial cells communicate directly with colon afferents. Specifically, anatomical studies revealed specialized synaptic connections between epithelial cells and nerve fibers and studies using optogenetic activation of the epithelium showed initiation of pain-like responses. We review the possible mechanisms of epithelial-neuronal communication and provide an overview of the possible neurotransmitters and receptors involved. Understanding the biology of this interface and how it changes in pathological conditions may provide new treatments for visceral pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Najjar
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Brian M Davis
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Blockage of High-Affinity Choline Transporter Increases Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats with Chronic Stress. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:9252984. [PMID: 29849603 PMCID: PMC5904806 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9252984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral hypersensitivity is a common feature of irritable bowel syndrome. Cholinergic system involves in the development of visceral hypersensitivity, and high-affinity choline transporter (CHT1) is of crucial importance in choline uptake system. However, involvement of CHT1 in visceral hypersensitivity remains unknown. The research aimed to study the CHT1 expression in dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) and the role of CHT1 in visceral hypersensitivity. Methods Repetitive water avoidance stress (WAS) was used to induce visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Colorectal distension (CRD) was determined, and the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and threshold intensity data were recorded to measure the visceral sensitivity. After intraperitoneal injection of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), the specific inhibitor of CHT1, CRD data were also recorded. The CHT1 expression of DRGs was investigated by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative RT-PCR. Acetylcholine levels in the DRGs were detected by the assay kit. Results Repetitive WAS increased the AWR score of CRD at high distension pressure and decreased the mean threshold of rats. The CHT1 expression and acetylcholine concentration of DRG were significantly increased in WAS rats. After the administration of HC-3, the AWR score in WAS group was significantly increased at higher distension pressure while the threshold intensity was significantly reduced compared to the normal saline group. Acetylcholine concentration was significantly lower than the normal saline rats. Conclusion Our research firstly reports that CHT1 is overexpressed in noninflammatory visceral hypersensitivity, and blockage of CHT1 can enhance the visceral hypersensitivity. CHT1 may play an inhibitory role in visceral hypersensitivity.
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Johnson AC. Stress-Induced Chronic Visceral Pain of Gastrointestinal Origin. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:86. [PMID: 29213232 PMCID: PMC5702626 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral pain is generally poorly localized and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. In concert with chronic visceral pain, there is a high comorbidity with stress-related psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression. The mechanisms linking visceral pain with these overlapping comorbidities remain to be elucidated. Evidence suggests that long term stress facilitates pain perception and sensitizes pain pathways, leading to a feed-forward cycle promoting chronic visceral pain disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Early life stress (ELS) is a risk-factor for the development of IBS, however the mechanisms responsible for the persistent effects of ELS on visceral perception in adulthood remain incompletely understood. In rodent models, stress in adult animals induced by restraint and water avoidance has been employed to investigate the mechanisms of stress-induce pain. ELS models such as maternal separation, limited nesting, or odor-shock conditioning, which attempt to model early childhood experiences such as neglect, poverty, or an abusive caregiver, can produce chronic, sexually dimorphic increases in visceral sensitivity in adulthood. Chronic visceral pain is a classic example of gene × environment interaction which results from maladaptive changes in neuronal circuitry leading to neuroplasticity and aberrant neuronal activity-induced signaling. One potential mechanism underlying the persistent effects of stress on visceral sensitivity could be epigenetic modulation of gene expression. While there are relatively few studies examining epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in visceral nociception, stress-induced visceral pain has been linked to alterations in DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns within the brain, leading to increased expression of pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters. This review will discuss the potential neuronal pathways and mechanisms responsible for stress-induced exacerbation of chronic visceral pain. Additionally, we will review the importance of specific experimental models of adult stress and ELS in enhancing our understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Wang HB, Yao H, Li CS, Liang LX, Zhang Y, Chen YX, Fang JY, Xu J. Rise of PD-L1 expression during metastasis of colorectal cancer: Implications for immunotherapy. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:574-581. [PMID: 28851046 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) was implicated in predicting anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy efficacy. However, therapeutic response has also been found in patients without PD-L1 expression in the primary tumor. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the prevalence of PD-L1 in primary and metastatic CRC. METHODS The expression of PD-L1 was determined by immunohistochemistry in matched primary and metastatic CRC. RESULTS PD-L1 expression was significantly more prevalent in metastatic CRCs than in primary tumors, and the expression of PD-L1 in primary CRC may not represent the tumors that spread to distant organs. Positive expression of PD-L1 was found in 81.8% of metastatic CRC, being significantly more prevalent than in primary CRC (40.9%; P = 0.012, Fisher's exact test). While comparing the primary and metastatic lesions of the same patients, we found that PD-L1 expression frequently increased during the metastatic process. However, PD-L1 expression was rarely decreased in metastatic lesions. Intratumoral heterogeneity expression of PD-L1 was found in both metastatic CRC (22.2%) and primary CRCs (33.3%). PD-L1 was prevalently expressed in metastatic CRC, and increased PD-L1 expression was frequently found in metastatic CRC as compared to primary tumors. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression in metastatic CRC should be considered as an independent factor while evaluating the suitability of patients for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Bin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu Shu Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun Xi Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Tsigaridas A, Papanikolaou IS, Vaiopoulou A, Anagnostopoulos AK, Viazis N, Karamanolis G, Karamanolis DG, Tsangaris GT, Mantzaris GJ, Gazouli M. Proteomics and irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:461-468. [PMID: 28395553 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1317600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disease that according to Rome IV criteria is subdivided into four subtypes. The pathophysiology of this disease is not well understood due to numerous factors playing multiple roles in disease development, such as diet, stress and hormones. IBS has a variety of symptoms and overlaps with many other gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. Area covered: This review aims to present an overview of implementation of proteomics in experimental studies in the field of IBS. Expert commentary: Proteomics is commonly used for biomarker discovery in and has also been extensively used in IBS research. The necessity of a sensitive and specific biomarker for IBS is apparent, but despite the intensive research performed in this field, an appropriate biomarker is not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis S Papanikolaou
- b Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Anna Vaiopoulou
- c Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Nikos Viazis
- a Gastroenterology Unit , Evangelismos Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - George Karamanolis
- e Gastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Surgery, 'Aretaieio' University Hospital, Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - George T Tsangaris
- d Proteomics Research Unit , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (IIBEAA) , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- c Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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