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Li D, Jiang Y, Cui Z, Ma M, Zhu F, Li G, Yang H, Li S, Zhang T, Chen D, Ma W. Lactobacillus acidophilus protects against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection by regulating the autophagy of macrophages and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice. mSystems 2024; 9:e0048424. [PMID: 38934644 PMCID: PMC11265446 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00484-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. p), a facultative intracellular bacterium, is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes abscesses and pyogenic granulomas. The relationship between gut microbiota and host health or diseases has received increasing attention. However, the role of gut microbiota in the process of C. p infection is still unclear. In this study, we established a C. p infection model in C57BL/6 mice and examined the impact of preemptive oral administration Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on infection. Our findings revealed that C. p infection led to pronounced pathological alterations in the liver and kidneys, characterized by abscess formation, intense inflammatory responses, and bacterial overload. Remarkably, these deleterious effects were greatly relieved by oral administration of L. acidophilus before infection with C. p. Additionally, we further found that during C. p infection, peritoneal macrophages (PMs) of mice orally administered with L. acidophilus accumulated more rapidly at sites of infection. Furthermore, our results showed that PMs from mice with oral L. acidophilus administration showed a stronger C. p clearance effect, and this was mediated by high expression of LC3-II protein. Meanwhile, oral administration of L. acidophilus protected the gut microbiota disorder in C57BL/6 mice caused by C. p infection. In summary, our study demonstrates that oral administration of L. acidophilus confers effective protection against C. p infection in C57BL/6 mice by modulating macrophage autophagy, thereby augmenting bacterial clearance and preserving gut microbiota and function stability. These findings position L. acidophilus as a viable probiotic candidate for the clinical prevention of C. p infection. IMPORTANCE Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. p) is known to induce a range of chronic diseases in both animals and humans. Currently, clinical treatment for C. p infection mainly relies on antibiotic therapy or surgical intervention. However, excessive use of antibiotics may increase the risk of drug-resistant strains, and the effectiveness of treatment remains unsatisfactory. Furthermore, surgical procedures do not completely eradicate pathogens and can easily cause environmental pollution. Probiotic interventions are receiving increasing attention for improving the body's immune system and maintaining health. In this study, we established a C. p infection model in C57BL/6 mice to explore the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus during C. p infection. Our results showed that L. acidophilus effectively protected against C. p infection by regulating the autophagy of macrophages and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis. This study may provide a new strategy for the prevention of C. p infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengliang Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuecai Jiang
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhanding Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mengzhen Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanhua Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyue Yang
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaofei Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Shaanxi Qianyang Saanen dairy goats Development Co., Ltd, Qianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Kaba J, Czopowicz M, Mickiewicz M, Witkowski L, Moroz-Fik A, Biernacka K, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Nalbert T, Bereznowski A, Potârniche AV, Mālniece A, Markowska-Daniel I, Rypuła K, Bagnicka E. Herd-level true seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis and paratuberculosis in the goat population of Poland. Prev Vet Med 2024; 230:106278. [PMID: 39003836 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A large-scale study was carried out in the Polish goat population in 2014-2021 to determine the herd-level true seroprevalence (HTP) of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Cp) and paratuberculosis (PTB) caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map). Two-stage cluster sampling was applied to herds counting at least 20 adult goats (aged >1 year) and in each herd all males and 10-13 females were tested. At least one seropositive goat regardless of its sex was necessary to consider the herd as infected. HTP was estimated using the Bayesian approach with the Gibbs sampler in the EpiTools and reported as the median and 95 % credibility interval (95 % CrI). A total of 1282 adult goats from 86 herds were serologically tested using two commercial ELISAs (Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA). At least 1 seropositive result of Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA was obtained in 73/86 herds (84.9 %) and 40/86 herds (46.5 %), respectively. HTP of CLA was estimated at 73.3 % (95 % CrI: 65.0 %, 80.4 %) and HTP of PTB was estimated at 42.9 % (95 % CrI: 25.8 %, 58.0 %). There was a significant positive association between the occurrence of CLA and PTB in the herds (odds ratio 6.0, 95 % confidence interval: 1.2, 28.8; p = 0.010). Probability of the seropositive result for PTB was also significantly higher in Cp-seropositive goats than in Cp-seronegative goats (odds ratio 3.9, 95 % confidence interval: 2.4, 6.3; p < 0.001) which could indicate either a higher risk of co-infection or a higher rate of false positive results for PTB in Cp-positive goats. To investigate this issue, optical densities obtained in Map-ELISA were compared between Cp-positive and Cp-negative goats and results of Map-ELISA were adjusted accordingly. Map-negative sera from Cp-positive goats turned out to have significantly higher optical densities than Map-negative sera from Cp-negative goats (p < 0.001). After the adjustment, the herd-level apparent seroprevalence of PTB was 41.9 % (36/86 herds) so it still fell within the 95 % CrI of HTP of PTB calculated before the adjustment. Concluding, CLA appears to be widespread in the Polish goat population. In many of them it may be subclinical at the moment, however will likely emerge in the future as the disease follows cyclic pattern in Poland. On the other hand, given the total lack of clinical PTB in Polish goats, an explanation for a high HTP of PTB remains unclear and warrants further studies using tests of higher analytical specificity than ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Kaba
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland.
| | - Marcin Mickiewicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Lucjan Witkowski
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Agata Moroz-Fik
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Kinga Biernacka
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nalbert
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bereznowski
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Adrian-Valentin Potârniche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
| | - Aija Mālniece
- Clinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava LV-3004, Latvia
| | - Iwona Markowska-Daniel
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rypuła
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Animals and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław 50-366, Poland
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka 05-552, Poland
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El Khalfaoui N, El Amiri B, Cabaraux JF, Chentouf M, Raes M, Marcotty T, Kirschvink N. Rearing Management and Its Impact on Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1504. [PMID: 38791721 PMCID: PMC11117208 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two surveys were conducted to assess the prevalence and risk factors of ovine caseous lymphadenitis (CL) and explore the association between its superficial and visceral forms in Sardi sheep in Settat province, Morocco. A total of 1521 sheep, including 318 lambs < 6 months, 572 young sheep aged 6-24 months, and 631 adult sheep > 24 months, were examined from 57 flocks. Superficial CL prevalence levels were as follows: 69/318 in lambs, 292/572 in young sheep, and 114/631 in adult sheep. Additionally, 2124 sheep, including 1813 young and 311 adult sheep, were inspected in slaughterhouses ante- and post-mortem. Among all infected animals, the prevalence of visceral abscesses was notably higher in adult sheep (83%, OR = 9.8, 95% CI = 5.5-17.2) compared to young sheep (35%). Data on flock size, sex, age, body condition score, rearing methods, and hygienic measures were collected. Suspected CL cases were confirmed using quadruplex-PCR. Poor barn ventilation, lack of abscess control, and younger age were identified as key risk factors for CL. Additionally, a high percentage (89%) of animals with thoracic abscesses did not display superficial lesions. While age and abscess control have been reported in previous studies, barn ventilation appears to be a new, but important, risk factor. In conclusion, the identified risk factors in Settat province are linked to breeding management practices. Implementing regular abscess control measures and improving barn ventilation are essential for CL prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora El Khalfaoui
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (N.E.K.)
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Amiri
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Jean-François Cabaraux
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Marianne Raes
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (N.E.K.)
| | - Tanguy Marcotty
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (N.E.K.)
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (N.E.K.)
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Nicoleti JL, Braga ES, Stanisic D, Jadranin M, Façanha DAE, Barral TD, Hanna SA, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Tasic L, Portela RW. A serum NMR metabolomic analysis of the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12595-0. [PMID: 37219572 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in small ruminants, is highly prevalent worldwide. Economic losses have already been associated with the disease, and little is known about the host-pathogen relationship associated with the disease. The present study aimed to perform a metabolomic study of the C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. Serum samples were collected from a herd of 173 goats. The animals were classified as controls (not infected), asymptomatic (seropositives but without detectable CLA clinical signs), and symptomatic (seropositive animals presenting CLA lesions), according to microbiological isolation and immunodiagnosis. The serum samples were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequences. The NMR data were analyzed using chemometrics, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to discover specific biomarkers responsible for discrimination between the groups. A high dissemination of the infection by C. pseudotuberculosis was observed, being 74.57% asymptomatic and 11.56% symptomatic. In the evaluation of 62 serum samples by NMR, the techniques were satisfactory in the discrimination of the groups, being also complementary and mutually confirming, demonstrating possible biomarkers for the infection by the bacterium. Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG, such as tryptophan, polyunsaturated fatty acids, formic acid, NAD+, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, opening promising possibilities for the use of these results in new therapeutic, immunodiagnosis, and immunoprophylactic tools, as well as for studies of the immune response against C. pseudotuberculosis. KEY POINTS: • Sixty-two samples from healthy, CLA asymptomatic, and symptomatic goats were screened • Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG • 1H-NMR NOESY and CPMG were complementary and mutually confirming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Nicoleti
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Erik Sobrinho Braga
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo State, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Danijela Stanisic
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo State, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Milka Jadranin
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo State, 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Débora Andréa Evangelista Façanha
- Institute of Rural Development, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, Ceará State, 62790-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Samira Abdallah Hanna
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo State, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil.
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Nicoleti JL, Façanha DA, Kalil MA, Fonseca EP, Barral TD, Sampaio JR, Meyer R, Portela RW. Hematological and clinical biochemistry profiles in Canindé goats infected by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and bred in a tropical semi-arid region. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Barral TD, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Moreno I, de Garnica García MG, de Val BP, Gortázar C, Meyer R, Portela RD, Domínguez L, Domínguez M, Balseiro A. P22 protein complex in the serodiagnosis of animal tuberculosis: Antigenic stability and cross-reactivity with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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da Silva MB, Fernandes AMS, da Silva ES, Urrego JR, Santiago LF, Garcés LFS, Portela RD, Pacheco LGC, Briza P, Ferreira F, Pinheiro CS, Alcantara-Neves NM. Proteomics and immunoblotting analyses reveal antigens that optimize the immunodiagnosis of the infection by Toxocara spp. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2994-e3006. [PMID: 35801561 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxocariasis is an infection caused by the round worms Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. It occurs worldwide though it is more prevalent in developing countries. For the diagnosis of toxocariasis, the most used method is the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (indirect ELISA), based on the detection of specific antibodies using the excreted/secreted products from T. canis larvae (TES) as antigens, but it cross-reacts with several helminth infections. For this reason, there is a need to investigate species-specific immunoreactive proteins, which can be used for the development of a more sensitive and specific diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate immunoreactive protein candidates to be used for the development of a more sensitive and specific diagnosis of Toxocara spp. infection in humans. METHODS We have used immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to select four Toxocara canis immunoreactive proteins that were recombinantly expressed in bacteria and evaluated as potential new diagnostic antigens (rMUC3, rTES 26, rTES32 and rCTL4). The recognition of these recombinant proteins by total serum IgG and IgG4 was assayed using the purified proteins in an isolated manner or in combination. RESULTS The IgG ELISAs performed with individual recombinant antigens reached values of sensitivity and specificity that ranged from 91.7% to 97.3% and 94.0% to 97.9%, respectively. Among the analyses, the IgG4 immunoassay was proven to be more effective, revealing a sensitivity that ranged from 88.8% to 98.3% and a specificity of 97.8% to 97.9%. The IgG4 ELISA was shown to be more effective and presented no cross-reactivity when using combinations of the rTES 26 and rCTL4 recombinant proteins. The combination of these two molecules achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS The use of only two recombinant proteins can contribute to improve the current panorama of toxocariasis immunodiagnosis for, with a better optimization and reduced cost. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Ricardo Urrego
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carina Silva Pinheiro
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Costa JO, Barral TD, Portela RD, da Costa LNF, Bittencourt CN, Machado AL, Marques FS, Cavalcante AKDS. Correlation between the natural infection by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in goats and serum progesterone levels and corpus luteum development. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106677. [PMID: 34644669 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) is an infectious disease that affects small ruminants, and the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is its etiologic agent. This disease presents a high morbidity and a great economic impact on goat farming, leading to reduced milk and meat production and reproductive losses. The available data about the influence of C. pseudotuberculosis on the reproductive system were obtained after experimental inoculations. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the natural infection by C. pseudotuberculosis on the luteal function and serum progesterone (P4) levels in goats. Sixteen female goats were diagnosed for the presence of C. pseudotuberculosis specific antibodies and divided into 2 groups: CLA positive and negative animals. They were submitted to estrous synchronization, followed by controlled mating. Corpus luteum and serum levels of P4 were evaluated on the 7th and 20th days after mating (D7 and D20). The ultrasonographic results were not statistically different between the 2 groups, as well as serum P4 levels on D7. However, a significant increase in serum P4 levels on the CLA positive group was identified on D20, along with a significant correlation between C. pseudotuberculosis specific antibody production, and P4 serum levels. The result of this study indicates that the infection by C. pseudotuberculosis may influence the reproductive status of female goats through an enhanced production of progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Oliveira Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State 40170-110, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Laura Nicole Filipin da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Catarina Nunes Bittencourt
- Department of Agricultural Defense, Federal University of the Recôncavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia State 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Lima Machado
- Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of the Recôncavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia State 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Franciane Santos Marques
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina da Silva Cavalcante
- Department of Agricultural Defense, Federal University of the Recôncavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia State 44380-000, Brazil
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Barral TD, Kalil MA, Mariutti RB, Arni RK, Gismene C, Sousa FS, Collares T, Seixas FK, Borsuk S, Estrela-Lima A, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Portela RW. Immunoprophylactic properties of the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis-derived MBP:PLD:CP40 fusion protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8035-8051. [PMID: 36374330 PMCID: PMC9660185 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a disease that affects small ruminants, and the best way to prevent its spread on a herd is through immunoprophylaxis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the MBP:PLD:CP40 fusion protein as a new CLA immunogen. The fusion protein was constructed by combining Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis PLD and CP40 proteins with maltose-binding protein (MBP) as an intrinsic adjuvant. The antigenicity, allergenic potential, prediction of B epitopes, binding to MHC receptors, and docking on the Toll-Like 2 receptor were evaluated in silico. MBP:PLD:CP40 was expressed and purified. 40 BALB/c were divided into four groups (G1 - control, G2 - Saponin, G3 - MBP:PLD:CP40, and G4 - rPLD + rCP40). Total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a were quantified, and the expressions of cytokines after splenocyte in vitro stimulation were assessed. Mice were challenged 42 days after the first immunization. The in silico analysis showed that MBP:PLD:CP40 has immunogenic potential, does not have allergic properties, and can dock on the TRL2 receptor. MBP:PLD:CP40 stimulated the production of IgG1 antibodies in a fivefold proportion to IgG2a, and TNF and IL-17 were significantly expressed in response to the antigenic stimuli. When rPLD and rCP40 were used together for immunization, they could induce IFN-γ and IL-12, but with no detectable antibody production. The G3 and G4 groups presented a survival of 57.14% and 42.86%, respectively, while the G1 and G2 mice were all dead 15 days after the challenge. MBP:PLD:CP40 partially protected the mice against C. pseudotuberculosis infection and can be considered a potential new CLA immunogen. KEY POINTS: • The fusion protein induced more IgG1 than IgG2a antibodies; • The fusion protein also induced the expression of the TNF and IL-17 cytokines; • Mice inoculated with MBP:PLD:CP40 presented a 57.14% survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Doria Barral
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Salvador, Bahia State 40110-100 Brazil
| | - Mauricio Alcantara Kalil
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Salvador, Bahia State 40110-100 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Barros Mariutti
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XMultiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State 15054-000 Brazil
| | - Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XMultiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State 15054-000 Brazil
| | - Carolina Gismene
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XMultiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State 15054-000 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Severo Sousa
- grid.411221.50000 0001 2134 6519Center for Technological Development, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- grid.411221.50000 0001 2134 6519Center for Technological Development, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kommling Seixas
- grid.411221.50000 0001 2134 6519Center for Technological Development, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- grid.411221.50000 0001 2134 6519Center for Technological Development, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State 40110-100 Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Salvador, Bahia State 40110-100 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Salvador, Bahia State 40110-100 Brazil
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10
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Rebouças MF, Loureiro D, Barral TD, Seyffert N, Raynal JT, Sousa TJ, Figueiredo HCP, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Portela RW. Cell wall glycolipids from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains with different virulences differ in terms of composition and immune recognition. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:2101-2110. [PMID: 32712830 PMCID: PMC7688822 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in small ruminants and is characterized by the development of granulomas in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and lungs. Although little is known about the host-pathogen relationship of this bacterium, it was previously reported that the pathogen's lipids are important for its taxonomic classification and survival inside macrophages. However, there are no studies regarding the composition of these molecules. In this study, cell wall glycolipids from two C. pseudotuberculosis strains presenting different virulence profiles were purified and its composition was characterized. A difference was observed between the electrophoretic and chromatogram profiles for cell wall components from the two strains, mainly among molecules with low molecular weights. IgM from sheep with acute CLA recognized antigens with an estimated molecular weight of 11 kDa of the low-pathogenicity strain, while low-molecular weight antigens from the high-pathogenicity strain presented a lower recognition by these antibodies. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the cell wall of the high-pathogenicity strain contained glycolipids with high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and glycerophosphoinositols, which may contribute to the capacity of this strain to cause severe disease. In conclusion, it is indicated that cell wall non-protein antigens can play a key role in C. pseudotuberculosis virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Flores Rebouças
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Dan Loureiro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Nubia Seyffert
- Post-graduation Program in Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Raynal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jesus Sousa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Henrique Cesar Pereira Figueiredo
- National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
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11
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Farias APFD, Rocha Filho JTR, Marchioro SB, Moreira LS, Marques AS, Sá MDCAD, Oliveira AADS, Alcântara ME, Mariutti RB, Arni RK, Trindade SC, Meyer R. rSodC is a potential antigen to diagnose Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis by enzyme-linked immunoassay. AMB Express 2020; 10:186. [PMID: 33074348 PMCID: PMC7570411 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease that affects sheep and goats. Many serological tests have been developed to detect the disease; one of the most widely used is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), due to its advantages, which include acceptable cost-effectiveness, applicability, sensitivity and specificity. ELISA formulations using recombinant proteins can exhibit significant sensitivity and specificity when using a single purified antigen. DTxR, Trx, TrxR, LexA, SodC, SpaC, NanH, and PknG recombinant proteins can be considered target proteins for ELISA development due to its extracellular or on the cell surface location, which allows a better recognition by the immune system. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the antigenic reactivity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins in goat and sheep serum. Of eight proteins evaluated, rSodC was selected for validation assays with small ruminant serum samples from the semiarid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Validation assays with goat serum samples showed that ELISA-rSodC presented sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 94%, respectively. Validation assays with sheep serum showed that ELISA-rSodC exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 98%, respectively. Analysis of 756 field serum samples showed that rSodC identified 95 positive samples (23%) in goats and 75 positive samples (21%) in sheep. The ELISA with recombinant SodC protein developed in this study discriminated positive and negative serum samples with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. This formulation is promising for epidemiological surveys and CL control programs. Trial registration AEC No 4958051018. 12/18/2018, retrospectively registered
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12
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Factors associated with the seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep from Northeastern Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2020; 182:105098. [PMID: 32738528 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CL) is one of the main infectious diseases in sheep, responsible for great economic losses, mainly in Northeast region of Brazil, which has the largest sheep flock in the country. Thus, the aim of this survey was to determine the factors associated with the seroprevalence of this disease in sheep from Northeastern Brazil using a planned sample of flocks and animals. Samples were collected from 2312 adult and young sheep of both sex from 196 farms, located in 51 municipalities in five Northeastern Brazilian states (Ceará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe). Serological diagnosis was performed using the indirect ELISA technique. Factors associated with seropositivity were identified by variables extracted from epidemiological questionnaires administered to breeders, using univariable and multivariable analyses. Factors associated with prevalence were purebred sheep (Prevalence ratio - PR = 1.189; P = 0.017), ram acquisition from animal expositions (PR = 1.192; P = 0.020), offspring is separated from ewes (PR = 1.132; P = 0.048), water supplied to sheep from ponds (PR = 1.365; P = 0.002), and delayed disposal of infected animals (PR = 1.263; P = 0.027). Flock-level and animal-level prevalences were 93.88 % (95 % CI = 89.60-96.46%) and 37.46 % (95 % CI = 35.51-39.45%), respectively. In view of the high prevalence found here and based on the associated factors, the implementation of an efficient CL control programme in Northeastern Brazil is recommended.
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13
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Costa L, Huerta B, Galán-Relaño Á, Gómez-Gascón L, Almeida A, Viegas I, Maldonado A. Utility assessment of an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of subclinical cases of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminant flocks. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:796-803. [PMID: 32567811 PMCID: PMC7738729 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The actual prevalence of CLA (caseous lymphadenitis) in small ruminant flocks is underestimated in many countries, and because it is not a notifiable disease, it will continue to spread without data and information about its real economic impact. The difficulty in the accurate identification of the causative agent in internal subclinical cases allows the disease to spread within and between flocks. This research intends to assess the utility of an ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) test in the detection of internal subclinical cases of CLA in farms and to simultaneously add data on the seroprevalence of the disease in Portugal. Sera from 756 small ruminants, 70% sheep (528/756) and 30% goats (228/756) were screened for antibodies against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis using the ELISA technique based on a recombinant phospholipase D (ELITEST CLA # CK105A®). The animals showing internal lesions (n ꞊ 58) were sampled for the identification of the aetiological agent. In this investigation, the prevalence of CLA was 34% (258/756), with the ELISA test showing a low specificity (78%) and high sensitivity (100%). The proof was able to detect 57% (13/23) of subclinical cases of CLA confirmed by postmortem examination and conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The results also reveal that goats have a higher propensity for the disease, and dairy farms and non‐extensive production units appear to be more susceptible to CLA. This research clarifies an actual problem and pointed out the importance of CLA in small ruminant herds in Portugal. Finally seems to demonstrate that the ELISA test is a good diagnostic tool for use in CLA eradication programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Costa
- Department of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Belén Huerta
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lídia Gómez-Gascón
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Anabela Almeida
- Vetdiagnos, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Inês Viegas
- ICAAM - Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research and Training, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Alfonso Maldonado
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
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14
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Kalil MA, Santos LM, Barral TD, Rodrigues DM, Pereira NP, Sá MDCA, Umsza-Guez MA, Machado BAS, Meyer R, Portela RW. Brazilian Green Propolis as a Therapeutic Agent for the Post-surgical Treatment of Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sheep. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:399. [PMID: 31850377 PMCID: PMC6887654 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As antibiotics are ineffective when used to treat caseous lymphadenitis, the surgical excision of lesions is often required. Iodine solution (10%) is currently the choice for the post-surgical treatment; however, it may cause histotoxicity. Propolis are resinous substances composed by a mixture of different plants parts and molecules secreted by bees. As green propolis has already proven to possess anti-bacterial and wound healing properties, this study aimed to evaluate the use of a green propolis-based ointment as a therapeutic agent for the post-surgical treatment of caseous lymphadenitis. The caseous lesions of 28 sheep were surgically excised before dividing animals into two groups: (1) iodine-treated animals and (2) sheep treated with an ointment made with a previously characterized green propolis extract. Clinical data of animals, size of the scar area, the presence of moisture and secretion in the surgical wound, the humoral immune response against the bacterium and the susceptibility of C. pseudotuberculosis clinical isolates to the green propolis extract were analyzed. The green propolis-treated group presented complete healing of the surgical wound 1 week before the iodine-treated group. Additionally, animals treated with the green propolis ointment had fewer cases of wound secretion, but it was not statistically different from the iodine-treated group. No clinical signs indicating green propolis toxicity or other side effects were found, associated with a faster and more organized hair recovery by propolis use. The green propolis extract was able to inhibit the growth of 23 from the 27 C. pseudotuberculosis clinical isolates, with minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericide concentrations ranging from 01 to 08 mg/mL, and did not interfere with the humoral immune response against the bacterium. In addition, green propolis was able to inhibit biofilm formation by four of the C. pseudotuberculosis clinical isolates. We concluded that green propolis is a promising therapeutic agent to be used in the post-surgical treatment of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants due to its effects on surgical wound healing, hair recovery, inhibition of wound contamination and bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago Doria Barral
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Meyer
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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